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Silva C, Requicha J, Dias I, Bastos E, Viegas C. Genomic Medicine in Canine Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2463. [PMID: 37570272 PMCID: PMC10417655 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic medicine has become a growing reality; however, it is still taking its first steps in veterinary medicine. Through this approach, it will be possible to trace the genetic profile of a given individual and thus know their susceptibility to certain diseases, namely periodontal disease. This condition is one of the most frequently diagnosed in companion animal clinics, especially in dogs. Due to the limited existing information and the lack of comprehensive studies, the objective of the present study was to systematically review the existing scientific literature regarding genomic medicine in canine periodontal disease and determine which genes have already been studied and their probable potential. This study followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Canine periodontal disease allied to genomic medicine were the subjects of this systematic review. Only six articles met all of the inclusion criteria, and these were analyzed in detail. These studies described genetic variations in the following genes: interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-1, lactotransferrin, toll-like receptor 9, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B. Only in two of them, namely interleukin-1 and toll-like receptor 9 genes, may the identified genetic variations explain the susceptibility that certain individuals have to the development of periodontal disease. It is necessary to expand the studies on the existing polymorphic variations in genes and their relationship with the development of periodontal disease. Only then will it be possible to fully understand the biological mechanisms that are involved in this disease and that determine the susceptibility to its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Requicha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Estela Bastos
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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O'Kell AL, Davison LJ. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:493-510. [PMID: 36854636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Canine diabetes results from a wide spectrum of clinical pathophysiological processes that cause a similar set of clinical signs. Various causes of insulin deficiency and beta cell loss, insulin resistance, or both characterize the disease, with genetics and environment playing a role. Understanding the genetic and molecular causes of beta cell loss will provide future opportunities for precision medicine, both from a therapeutic and preventative perspective. This review presents current knowledge of the etiology and pathophysiology of canine diabetes, including the importance of disease classification. Examples of potential targets for future precision medicine-based approaches to therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L O'Kell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Lucy J Davison
- Royal Veterinary College, Clinical Sciences and Services, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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Pantoja BTDS, Carvalho RC, Miglino MA, Carreira ACO. The Canine Pancreatic Extracellular Matrix in Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatitis: Its Essential Role and Therapeutic Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040684. [PMID: 36830471 PMCID: PMC9952199 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis are common pancreatic diseases in dogs, affecting the endocrine and exocrine portions of the organ. Dogs have a significant role in the history of research related to genetic diseases, being considered potential models for the study of human diseases. This review discusses the importance of using the extracellular matrix of the canine pancreas as a model for the study of diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis, in addition to focusing on the importance of using extracellular matrix in new regenerative techniques, such as decellularization and recellularization. Unlike humans, rabbits, mice, and pigs, there are no reports in the literature characterizing the healthy pancreatic extracellular matrix in dogs, in addition to the absence of studies related to matrix components that are involved in triggering diabetes melittus and pancreatitis. The extracellular matrix plays the role of physical support for the cells and allows the regulation of various cellular processes. In this context, it has already been demonstrated that physiologic and pathologic pancreatic changes lead to ECM remodeling, highlighting the importance of an in-depth study of the changes associated with pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Tássia dos Santos Pantoja
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Cardoso Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhao, Chapadinha 65500-000, MA, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre 09280-550, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-11-983229615
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4
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Dog-human translational genomics: state of the art and genomic resources. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:703-716. [PMID: 36074326 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Innovative models for medical research are strongly required nowadays. Convincing evidence supports dog as the most suitable spontaneous model for several human genetic diseases. Decades of studies on dog genome allowed the identification of hundreds of mutations causing genetic disorders, many of which are proposed as counterparts responsible for human diseases. Traditionally, the murine model is the most extensively used in human translational research. However, this species shows large physiological differences from humans, and it is kept under a controlled artificial environment. Conversely, canine genetic disorders often show pathophysiological and clinical features highly resembling the human counterpart. In addition, dogs share the same environment with humans; therefore, they are naturally exposed to many risk factors. Thus, different branches of translational medicine aim to study spontaneously occurring diseases in dogs to provide a more reliable model for human disorders. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the knowledge and resources available today for all the researchers involved in the field of dog-human translational medicine. Some of the main successful examples from dog-human translational genomics are reported, such as the canine association studies which helped to identify the causal mutation in the human counterpart. We also illustrated the ongoing projects aiming to create public canine big datasets. Finally, specific online databases are discussed along with several information resources that can speed up clinical translational research.
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Sanz CR, Sevane N, Pérez-Alenza MD, Valero-Lorenzo M, Dunner S. Polymorphisms in canine immunoglobulin heavy chain gene cluster: a double-edged sword for diabetes mellitus in the dog. Anim Genet 2021; 52:333-341. [PMID: 33621396 DOI: 10.1111/age.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin deficiency diabetes (IDD) in dogs is an endocrine disease similar to human type 1 diabetes. There are breeds more commonly affected, such as Yorkshire Terrier and Samoyed, suggesting an underlying genetic component. However, the genetic basis for canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is not fully established. We conducted both whole-genome scans for selection signatures and GWASs to compare the genomes of 136 dogs belonging to 29 breeds previously described at low or high risk for developing DM. Candidate variants were tested in dogs with a diagnosis of IDD and controls attending the Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The only genomic region under selection (CFA8:72 700 000-74 600 000; CanFam3.1) retrieved by our analyses is included in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene cluster, which has already been related to human human type 1 diabetes susceptibility. This region contains two non-synonymous variants, rs852072969 and rs851728071, showing significant associations with high or low risk for IDD, respectively. The first variant, rs852072969, alters a protein poorly characterised in the dog. In contrast, rs851728071 was predicted to block the synthesis of an immunoglobulin variable (V) domain in breeds at low risk for DM. Although a large and diverse V gene repertoire is thought to offer a fitness advantage, we suggest that rs851728071 prevents the formation of an auto-reactive immunoglobulin V domain probably involved in the pathophysiology of IDD and, thus, decreases the risk for the disease. These results should be interpreted with caution until the functional roles of the proposed variants have been proved in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Sanz
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - N Sevane
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M D Pérez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M Valero-Lorenzo
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - S Dunner
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Denyer AL, Catchpole B, Davison LJ. Genetics of canine diabetes mellitus part 2: Current understanding and future directions. Vet J 2021; 270:105612. [PMID: 33641811 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Part 1 of this 2-part review outlined the importance of disease classification in diabetes genetic studies, as well as the ways in which genetic variants may contribute to risk of a complex disease within an individual, or within a particular group of individuals. Part 2, presented here, describes in more detail our current understanding of the genetics of canine diabetes mellitus compared to our knowledge of the human disease. Ongoing work to improve our knowledge, using new technologies, is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Denyer
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Brian Catchpole
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lucy J Davison
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Denyer AL, Massey JP, Davison LJ, Ollier WER, Catchpole B, Kennedy LJ. Dog leucocyte antigen (DLA) class II haplotypes and risk of canine diabetes mellitus in specific dog breeds. Canine Med Genet 2020; 7:15. [PMID: 33292601 PMCID: PMC7603736 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-020-00093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease in domestic dogs. A number of pathological mechanisms are thought to contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of relative or absolute insulin deficiency, including immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. DM risk varies considerably between different dog breeds, suggesting that genetic factors are involved and contribute susceptibility or protection. Associations of particular dog leucocyte antigen (DLA) class II haplotypes with DM have been identified, but investigations to date have only considered all breeds pooled together. The aim of this study was to analyse an expanded data set so as to identify breed-specific diabetes-associated DLA haplotypes. Methods The 12 most highly represented breeds in the UK Canine Diabetes Register were selected for study. DLA-typing data from 646 diabetic dogs and 912 breed-matched non-diabetic controls were analysed to enable breed-specific analysis of the DLA. Dogs were genotyped for allelic variation at DLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1 loci using DNA sequence-based typing. Genotypes from all three loci were combined to reveal three-locus DLA class II haplotypes, which were evaluated for statistical associations with DM. This was performed for each breed individually and for all breeds pooled together. Results Five dog breeds were identified as having one or more DLA haplotype associated with DM susceptibility or protection. Four DM-associated haplotypes were identified in the Cocker Spaniel breed, of which one haplotype was shared with Border Terriers. In the three breeds known to be at highest risk of DM included in the study (Samoyed, Tibetan Terrier and Cairn Terrier), no DLA haplotypes were found to be associated with DM. Conclusions Novel DLA associations with DM in specific dog breeds provide further evidence that immune response genes contribute susceptibility to this disease in some cases. It is also apparent that DLA may not be contributing obvious or strong risk for DM in some breeds, including the seven breeds analysed for which no associations were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Denyer
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - J P Massey
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - L J Davison
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - W E R Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - B Catchpole
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - L J Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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O'Kell AL, Wasserfall CH, Henthorn PS, Atkinson MA, Hess RS. Evaluation for type 1 diabetes associated autoantibodies in diabetic and non-diabetic Australian terriers and Samoyeds. Canine Med Genet 2020; 7:10. [PMID: 33323126 PMCID: PMC7491469 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-020-00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence for an autoimmune etiology in canine diabetes is inconsistent and could vary based on breed. Previous studies demonstrated that small percentages of diabetic dogs possess autoantibodies to antigens known to be important in human type 1 diabetes, but most efforts involved analysis of a wide variety of breeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) autoantibodies in diabetic and non-diabetic Australian Terriers and Samoyeds, two breeds with comparatively high prevalence of diabetes, in the United States. Results There was no significant difference in the proportion of samples considered positive for GAD65 or ZnT8 autoantibodies in either breed evaluated, or for IA-2 autoantibodies in Australian Terriers (p > 0.05). The proportion of IA-2 autoantibody positive samples was significantly higher in diabetic versus non-diabetic Samoyeds (p = 0.003), but substantial overlap was present between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Conclusions The present study does not support GAD65, IA-2, or ZnT8 autoantibodies as markers of autoimmunity in canine diabetes in Samoyeds or Australian Terriers as measured using human antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. Future studies using canine specific assays as well as investigation for alternative markers of autoimmunity in these and other canine breeds are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L O'Kell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Florida, 2015 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paula S Henthorn
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rebecka S Hess
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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O'Kell AL, Wasserfall C, Catchpole B, Davison LJ, Hess RS, Kushner JA, Atkinson MA. Comparative Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diabetes in Humans, NOD Mice, and Canines: Has a Valuable Animal Model of Type 1 Diabetes Been Overlooked? Diabetes 2017; 66:1443-1452. [PMID: 28533295 PMCID: PMC5440022 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research in humans and mouse models of disease, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, translation of therapies from preclinical efforts capable of delaying or halting β-cell destruction has been limited. Hence, a pressing need exists to identify alternative animal models that reflect human disease. Canine insulin deficiency diabetes is, in some cases, considered to follow autoimmune pathogenesis, similar to NOD mice and humans, characterized by hyperglycemia requiring lifelong exogenous insulin therapy. Also similar to human type 1 diabetes, the canonical canine disorder appears to be increasing in prevalence. Whereas islet architecture in rodents is distinctly different from humans, canine pancreatic endocrine cell distribution is more similar. Differences in breed susceptibility alongside associations with MHC and other canine immune response genes parallel that of different ethnic groups within the human population, a potential benefit over NOD mice. The impact of environment on disease development also favors canine over rodent models. Herein, we consider the potential for canine diabetes to provide valuable insights for human type 1 diabetes in terms of pancreatic histopathology, impairment of β-cell function and mass, islet inflammation (i.e., insulitis), and autoantibodies specific for β-cell antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L O'Kell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brian Catchpole
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, U.K
| | - Lucy J Davison
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Rebecka S Hess
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jake A Kushner
- McNair Medical Institute and Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Davison LJ, Holder A, Catchpole B, O'Callaghan CA. The Canine POMC Gene, Obesity in Labrador Retrievers and Susceptibility to Diabetes Mellitus. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:343-348. [PMID: 28176381 PMCID: PMC5354034 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs is a common endocrinopathy with a complex genetic architecture. Disease susceptibility in several breeds is associated with polymorphisms in immune response genes, but in the Labrador retriever breed, no genetic associations with DM have been identified. A deletion in the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in Labrador retrievers is associated with increased appetite and risk of obesity. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To characterize the POMC deletion in Labrador retrievers, to develop a simple genetic test for this mutation, and to test the hypothesis that the POMC gene deletion is associated with an increased risk of DM in this breed. ANIMALS Sixty-one non-diabetic Labrador retrievers aged >6 years and 57 Labrador retrievers with DM. METHODS Case-control genotyping study to compare the frequency of the POMC deletion in dogs with and without DM. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing to characterize the mutation, a PCR-based test was developed and validated using 2 different restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. RESULTS A 14-base-pair deletion was confirmed and localized to exon 3 of the canine POMC gene. A PCR-based test for the deletion was successfully developed. There was no association between the presence of the POMC deletion mutation and DM in this population of Labrador retriever dogs (P = .31). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study adds to the existing scientific literature indicating that there is little evidence for a direct link between obesity and DM in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Davison
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Holder
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - B Catchpole
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - C A O'Callaghan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kim JH, Furrow E, Ritt MG, Utz PJ, Robinson WH, Yu L, Eckert A, Stuebner K, O’Brien TD, Steinman L, Modiano JF. Anti-Insulin Immune Responses Are Detectable in Dogs with Spontaneous Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152397. [PMID: 27031512 PMCID: PMC4816536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus occurs spontaneously in dogs. Although canine diabetes shares many features with human type-1 diabetes, there are differences that have cast doubt on the immunologic origin of the canine disease. In this study, we examined whether peripheral immune responses directed against islet antigens were present in dogs with diabetes. Routine diagnostics were used to confirm diabetic status, and serum samples from dogs with (N = 15) and without (N = 15) diabetes were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against islet antigens (insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase, and islet beta-cell zinc cation efflux transporter) using standard radioassays. Interferon-γ production from peripheral blood T cells stimulated by porcine insulin and by human insulin was tested using Elispot assays. Anti-insulin antibodies were detectable in a subset of diabetic dogs receiving insulin therapy. Pre-activated T cells and incipient insulin-reactive T cells in response to porcine or human insulin were identified in non-diabetic dogs and in dogs with diabetes. The data show that humoral and cellular anti-insulin immune responses are detectable in dogs with diabetes. This in turn provides support for the potential to ethically use dogs with diabetes to study the therapeutic potential of antigen-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Eva Furrow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Michelle G. Ritt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - William H. Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Andrea Eckert
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Stuebner
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. O’Brien
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kopper JJ, Patterson JS, Mansfield LS. Metronidazole—but not IL-10 or prednisolone—rescues Trichuris muris infected C57BL/6 IL-10 deficient mice from severe disease. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:239-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Davison LJ. Diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis - cause or effect? J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:50-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Davison
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics; University of Oxford; Oxford OX3 7BN
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14
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Short AD, Holder A, Rothwell S, Massey J, Scholey R, Kennedy LJ, Catchpole B, Ollier WE. Searching for "monogenic diabetes" in dogs using a candidate gene approach. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2014; 1:8. [PMID: 26401325 PMCID: PMC4579387 DOI: 10.1186/2052-6687-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine diabetes is a common endocrine disorder with an estimated breed-related prevalence ranging from 0.005% to 1.5% in pet dogs. Increased prevalence in some breeds suggests that diabetes in dogs is influenced by genetic factors and similarities between canine and human diabetes phenotypes suggest that the same genes might be associated with disease susceptibility in both species. Between 1-5% of human diabetes cases result from mutations in a single gene, including maturity onset diabetes of the adult (MODY) and neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). It is not clear whether monogenic forms of diabetes exist within some dog breeds. Identification of forms of canine monogenic diabetes could help to resolve the heterogeneity of the condition and lead to development of breed-specific genetic tests for diabetes susceptibility. Results Seventeen dog breeds were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eighteen genes that have been associated with human MODY/NDM. Six SNP associations were found from five genes, with one gene (ZFP57) being associated in two different breeds. Conclusions Some of the genes that have been associated with susceptibility to MODY and NDM in humans appear to also be associated with canine diabetes, although the limited number of associations identified in this study indicates canine diabetes is a heterogeneous condition and is most likely to be a polygenic trait in most dog breeds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2052-6687-1-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Short
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Angela Holder
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Simon Rothwell
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Jonathan Massey
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Rachel Scholey
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Lorna J Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Brian Catchpole
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - William Er Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
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15
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Weber DS, Van Coeverden De Groot PJ, Peacock E, Schrenzel MD, Perez DA, Thomas S, Shelton JM, Else CK, Darby LL, Acosta L, Harris C, Youngblood J, Boag P, Desalle R. Low MHC variation in the polar bear: implications in the face of Arctic warming? Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Weber
- Division of Natural Sciences; New College of Florida; Sarasota FL USA
- American Museum of Natural History; New York NY USA
| | | | - E. Peacock
- Department of Environment; The Government of Nunavut; Igloolik NU Canada
| | - M. D. Schrenzel
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research; Escondido CA USA
| | - D. A. Perez
- American Museum of Natural History; New York NY USA
- Stevens Institute of Technology; Hoboken NJ USA
| | - S. Thomas
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research; Escondido CA USA
| | - J. M. Shelton
- American Museum of Natural History; New York NY USA
- Brooklyn College; City University of New York; New York NY USA
| | | | - L. L. Darby
- American Museum of Natural History; New York NY USA
- Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - L. Acosta
- American Museum of Natural History; New York NY USA
- Villanova University; Villanova PA USA
| | - C. Harris
- Biology Department; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - J. Youngblood
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research; Escondido CA USA
| | - P. Boag
- Biology Department; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - R. Desalle
- American Museum of Natural History; New York NY USA
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Batchelor DJ, German AJ, Shirazi-Beechey SP. Relevance of sodium/glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1) to diabetes mellitus and obesity in dogs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 44:139-44. [PMID: 23375266 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transport across the enterocyte brush border membrane by sodium/glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1, coded by Slc5a1) is the rate-limiting step for intestinal glucose transport. The relevance of SGLT1 expression in predisposition to diabetes mellitus and to obesity was investigated in dogs. Cultured Caco-2/TC7 cells were shown to express SGLT1 in vitro. A 2-kbp fragment of the Slc5a1 5' flanking region was cloned from canine genomic DNA, ligated into reporter gene plasmids, and shown to drive reporter gene expression in these cells above control (P < 0.001). To determine the effect of the 3 known SNPs in this region on promoter function, new promoter/reporter constructs (all permutations of these 3 SNPs) were created by site-directed mutagenesis. No significant differences in promoter function were seen, suggesting that these SNPs do not have a significant effect on the constitutive transcription of SGLT1 mRNA in dogs. A search for novel SNPs in this region in dogs was made in 2 breeds predisposed to diabetes mellitus (Samoyed and cairn terrier), 2 breeds that rarely develop diabetes (boxer and German shepherd), and 2 breeds predisposed to obesity (Labrador retriever and cocker spaniel). The Slc5a1 5' flanking region was amplified from 10 healthy individuals of each of these breeds by high-fidelity PCR with the use of breed-labeled primers and sequenced by pyrosequencing. The sequence of the Slc5a1 5' flanking region in all individuals of all breeds tested was identical. On this evidence, variations in Slc5a1 promoter sequence between dogs do not influence the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus or obesity in these breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Batchelor
- Epithelial Function and Development Group, Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK.
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Catchpole B, Adams JP, Holder AL, Short AD, Ollier WER, Kennedy LJ. Genetics of canine diabetes mellitus: are the diabetes susceptibility genes identified in humans involved in breed susceptibility to diabetes mellitus in dogs? Vet J 2012; 195:139-47. [PMID: 23265864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in companion animals, characterised by hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and weight loss, resulting from an absolute or relative deficiency in the pancreatic hormone insulin. There are breed differences in susceptibility to diabetes mellitus in dogs, with the Samoyed breed being overrepresented, while Boxers are relatively absent in the UK population of diabetic dogs, suggesting that genetic factors play an important role in determining susceptibility to the disease. A number of genes, linked with susceptibility to diabetes mellitus in humans, are associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus in dogs, some of which appear to be relatively breed-specific. Diabetes mellitus in dogs has been associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes (dog leucocyte antigen; DLA), with similar haplotypes and genotypes being identified in the most susceptible breeds. A region containing a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and several polymorphisms have been identified in the canine insulin gene, with some alleles associated with susceptibility or resistance to diabetes mellitus in a breed-specific manner. Polymorphisms in the canine CTLA4 promoter and in other immune response genes are associated with susceptibility to diabetes mellitus in a number of pedigree breeds. Genome wide association studies are currently underway that should shed further light on the genetic factors responsible for the breed profile seen in the diabetic dog population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Catchpole
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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Contralateral cruciate survival in dogs with unilateral non-contact cranial cruciate ligament rupture. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25331. [PMID: 21998650 PMCID: PMC3187768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-contact cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) is an important cause of lameness in client-owned dogs and typically occurs without obvious injury. There is a high incidence of bilateral rupture at presentation or subsequent contralateral rupture in affected dogs. Although stifle synovitis increases risk of contralateral CrCLR, relatively little is known about risk factors for subsequent contralateral rupture, or whether therapeutic intervention may modify this risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a longitudinal study examining survival of the contralateral CrCL in client-owned dogs with unilateral CrCLR in a large baseline control population (n = 380), and a group of dogs that received disease-modifying therapy with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline (n = 16), and were followed for one year. Follow-up in treated dogs included analysis of mobility, radiographic evaluation of stifle effusion and arthritis, and quantification of biomarkers of synovial inflammation. We found that median survival of the contralateral CrCL was 947 days. Increasing tibial plateau angle decreased contralateral ligament survival, whereas increasing age at diagnosis increased survival. Contralateral ligament survival was reduced in neutered dogs. Our disease-modifying therapy did not significantly influence contralateral ligament survival. Correlative analysis of clinical and biomarker variables with development of subsequent contralateral rupture revealed few significant results. However, increased expression of T lymphocyte-associated genes in the index unstable stifle at diagnosis was significantly related to development of subsequent non-contact contralateral CrCLR. CONCLUSION Subsequent contralateral CrCLR is common in client-owned dogs, with a median ligament survival time of 947 days. In this naturally occurring model of non-contact cruciate ligament rupture, cranial tibial translation is preceded by development of synovial inflammation. However, treatment with arthroscopic lavage, intra-articular hyaluronic acid and oral doxycycline does not significantly influence contralateral CrCL survival.
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Campbell JJ, Coyner KS, Rankin SC, Lewis TP, Schick AE, Shumaker AK. Evaluation of fungal flora in normal and diseased canine ears. Vet Dermatol 2010; 21:619-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Short AD, Saleh NM, Catchpole B, Kennedy LJ, Barnes A, Jones CA, Fretwell N, Ollier WER. CTLA4 promoter polymorphisms are associated with canine diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 75:242-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clements DN, Short AD, Barnes A, Kennedy LJ, Ferguson JF, Butterworth SJ, Fitzpatrick N, Pead M, Bennett D, Innes JF, Carter SD, Ollier WER. A Candidate Gene Study of Canine Joint Diseases. J Hered 2009; 101:54-60. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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