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Kumar R, Meena AS, Baraiya T, Swarnkar CP, Misra SS, Kumar A. Expression of Toll-like receptors in Haemonchus Contortus resistant sheep: An innate immune parameter for host defense against gastrointestinal nematode infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 275:110813. [PMID: 39142124 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Innate immune parameters, a first line of defense against invading pathogens like bacteria, parasites, fungi, etc, play a significant role in the prevention and elimination of aetiological agents primarily by recognition of invading pathogen-specific molecules by different pattern recognition receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein, cause innate immune responses mainly by produing inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and interferons. The objective of present study was to determine the role of TLRs in parasite resistance in Malpura sheep. In the current study, transcript variation of TLRs and its downstream signalling molecules namely MyD88, TRIF, IRF-3, TRAF, TGF-β, NFκB, and CD14 were ascertained by real-time PCR in Haemonchus contortus resistant (R) and susceptible (S) Malpura sheep. Results have shown significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-5, TLR-8 and TLR-10 in July however down-regulated patterns were observed in August and September in R-line sheep compared to S-line sheep. This indicates that at more or less equal parasite load, the TLR genes in R sheep produce more transcripts, but after parasite loads have increased hugely in the S line, they easily surpass the levels seen in the S line. Result suggests that transcriptional activity of the TLR genes was related to parasite load and there were differences between the lines at different infection intensities. Three-point transcript expression observation of the signalling molecules namely TRIF, IRF-3, TRAF, a similar pattern was observed in R sheep compared with S sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar. Rajasthan 304501, India.
| | - A S Meena
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar. Rajasthan 304501, India
| | - Trusha Baraiya
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar. Rajasthan 304501, India
| | - C P Swarnkar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar. Rajasthan 304501, India
| | - S S Misra
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar. Rajasthan 304501, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar. Rajasthan 304501, India
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2
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Thorne JW, Redden R, Bowdridge SA, Becker GM, Khilji SF, Xie S, Bentley KL, Murdoch BM. Reducing fecal egg count through selective breeding alters dorper lamb response to Haemonchus contortus in an artificial challenge trial. Vet Parasitol 2024; 328:110177. [PMID: 38583271 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Infection by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), particularly Haemonchus contortus, can be detrimental to sheep health and performance. Genetic susceptibility to GIN varies between breeds, with those lacking high levels of natural resistance often requiring frequent anthelmintic treatment when facing parasitic challenge. Genetic technology can serve as a tool to decrease GIN susceptibility via selection for sheep with reduced fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding values (EBVs). However, the physiological changes that result from implementation of this strategy are not well described. Additionally, there is a need for comparison of animals from recent selective breeding against breeds with inherent GIN resistance. In this study we administered a challenge of H. contortus to Dorper x White Dorper (DWD; n = 92) lambs that have been genetically selected for either low (DWD-) or high (DWD+) FEC EBVs and Barbados Blackbelly x Mouflon (BBM; n = 19) lambs from a genetically resistant breed backgrounds. Lamb FEC, packed-cell volume (PCV) and serum IgG were measured at intermittent levels over 5 weeks. At day 21 and day 35, the selectively bred DWD- had a lower mean FEC compared to DWD+, but were higher than BBM. Reductions in both PCV and serum IgG from initial day 0 levels were observed in DWD lambs, but not in BBM. Furthermore, from a subset of lambs (n = 24) harvested at day 21, DWD- only tended (p = 0.056) to have lower mean worm counts than DWD+, with BBM having the lowest mean worm count. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified via RNA-sequencing of abomasal tissue at day 21 indicate a more pronounced Th2 immune response and more rapid worm expulsion occurred in iBBM than iDWD- and iDWD+ lambs. However, gene expression in DWD- suggests an association between reduced FEC EBV and gastric acid secretion and the ability to limit worm fecundity. Ultimately, selection of Dorper sheep for low FEC EBV can reduce susceptibility to GIN, but it will likely require multiple generations with this trait as a breeding priority before presenting a similar resistance level to Caribbean breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Thorne
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - Reid Redden
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - Scott A Bowdridge
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Becker
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Sarem F Khilji
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Shangqian Xie
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Kelsey L Bentley
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brenda M Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
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Al-Sharif M, Marghani BH, Ateya A. DNA polymorphisms and expression profile of immune and antioxidant genes as biomarkers for reproductive disorders tolerance/susceptibility in Baladi goat. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2219-2230. [PMID: 35671246 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2082975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene expression of immune and antioxidant markers associated with reproductive disorders in Baladi goats. A total of one hundred adults Baladi does were allocated into two equal-sized groups: normal reproductive performance and does have a history of reproductive disorders. DNA sequencing of PRLR (304-bp), LTF (904-bp), TLR2 (420-bp), TLR4 (335-bp), CLA-DRB3.2 (285-bp), SOD3 (735-bp), CAT (1526-bp), GPX4 (782-bp), and GST (690-bp) revealed SNPs associated with reproductive disorders tolerance/susceptibility in investigated does. Nonetheless, DNA sequencing of beta defensin (483-bp), CCL5 (840-bp), and ATOX1 (374-bp) genes elicited a monomorphic pattern. Levels of PRLR, LTF, TLR2, TLR4, CLA-DRB3.2, beta defensin, and CCL5 genes were significantly up-regulated in does affect with reproductive disorders than tolerant ones; while SOD3, CAT, GPX4, GST and ATOX1 genes pattern elicited an opposite trend. The results herein confirmed the potential significance of SNPs in immune and antioxidant genes as genetic markers for reproductive disorders tolerance/susceptibility in Baladi does. The Gene expression profile of investigated genes could be also used as proxy biomarkers for the prediction of the most susceptible risk time for disease occurrence and for building up an effective management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Al-Sharif
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma H Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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McManus CM, Lucci CM, Maranhão AQ, Pimentel D, Pimentel F, Rezende Paiva S. Response to heat stress for small ruminants: Physiological and genetic aspects. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Notter DR, Heidaritabar M, Burke JM, Shirali M, Murdoch BM, Morgan JLM, Morota G, Sonstegard TS, Becker GM, Spangler GL, MacNeil MD, Miller JE. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Effects on Lamb Fecal Egg Count Estimated Breeding Values in Progeny-Tested Katahdin Sires. Front Genet 2022; 13:866176. [PMID: 35591856 PMCID: PMC9110833 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.866176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimated breeding values (EBV) for fecal egg counts (FEC) at 42–90 days of age (WFEC) and 91–150 days of age (PFEC) for 84 progeny-tested Katahdin sires were used to identify associations of deregressed EBV with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) using 388,000 SNP with minor-allele frequencies ≥0.10 on an Illumina high-density ovine array. Associations between markers and FEC EBV were initially quantified by single-SNP linear regression. Effects of linkage disequilibrium (LD) were minimized by assigning SNP to 2,535 consecutive 1-Mb bins and focusing on the effect of the most significant SNP in each bin. Bonferroni correction was used to define bin-based (BB) genome- and chromosome-wide significance. Six bins on chromosome 5 achieved BB genome-wide significance for PFEC EBV, and three of those SNP achieved chromosome-wide significance after Bonferroni correction based on the 14,530 total SNP on chromosome 5. These bins were nested within 12 consecutive bins between 59 and 71 Mb on chromosome 5 that reached BB chromosome-wide significance. The largest SNP effects were at 63, 67, and 70 Mb, with LD among these SNP of r2 ≤ 0.2. Regional heritability mapping (RHM) was then used to evaluate the ability of different genomic regions to account for additive variance in FEC EBV. Chromosome-level RHM indicated that one 500-SNP window between 65.9 and 69.9 Mb accounted for significant variation in PFEC EBV. Five additional 500-SNP windows between 59.3 and 71.6 Mb reached suggestive (p < 0.10) significance for PFEC EBV. Although previous studies rarely identified markers for parasite resistance on chromosome 5, the IL12B gene at 68.5 Mb codes for the p40 subunit of both interleukins 12 and 23. Other immunoregulatory genes are also located in this region of chromosome 5, providing opportunity for additive or associative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: David R. Notter,
| | - Marzieh Heidaritabar
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joan M. Burke
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR, United States
| | - Masoud Shirali
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brenda M. Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | | | - Gota Morota
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Gabrielle M. Becker
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Gordon L. Spangler
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Michael D. MacNeil
- Delta G, Miles City, MT, United States
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - James E. Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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6
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Becker GM, Burke JM, Lewis RM, Miller JE, Morgan JLM, Rosen BD, Van Tassell CP, Notter DR, Murdoch BM. Variants Within Genes EDIL3 and ADGRB3 are Associated With Divergent Fecal Egg Counts in Katahdin Sheep at Weaning. Front Genet 2022; 13:817319. [PMID: 35360858 PMCID: PMC8960952 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.817319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) pose a severe threat to sheep production worldwide. Anthelmintic drug resistance coupled with growing concern regarding potential environmental effects of drug use have demonstrated the necessity of implementing other methods of GIN control. The aim of this study was to test for genetic variants associated with resistance or susceptibility to GIN in Katahdin sheep to improve the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms responsible for host response to GIN. Linear regression and case-control genome-wide association studies were conducted with high-density genotype data and cube-root transformed weaning fecal egg counts (tFEC) of 583 Katahdin sheep. The case-control GWAS identified two significant SNPs (P-values 1.49e-08 to 1.01e-08) within introns of the gene adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B3 (ADGRB3) associated with lower fecal egg counts. With linear regression, four significant SNPs (P-values 7.82e-08 to 3.34e-08) were identified within the first intron of the gene EGF-like repeats and discoidin domains 3 (EDIL3). These identified SNPs were in very high linkage disequilibrium (r2 of 0.996–1), and animals with alternate homozygous genotypes had significantly higher median weaning tFEC phenotypes compared to all other genotypes. Significant SNPs were queried through public databases to identify putative transcription factor binding site (TFBS) and potential lncRNA differences between reference and alternate alleles. Changes in TFBS were predicted at two SNPs, and one significant SNP was found to be within a predicted lncRNA sequence with greater than 90% similarity to a known lncRNA in the bovine genome. The gene EDIL3 has been described in other species for its roles in the inhibition and resolution of inflammation. Potential changes of EDIL3 expression mediated through lncRNA expression and/or transcription factor binding may impact the overall immune response and reduce the ability of Katahdin sheep to control GIN infection. This study lays the foundation for further research of EDIL3 and ADGRB3 towards understanding genetic mechanisms of susceptibility to GIN, and suggests these SNPs may contribute to genetic strategies for improving parasite resistance traits in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M. Becker
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Joan M. Burke
- USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR, United States
| | - Ronald M. Lewis
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - James E. Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Benjamin D. Rosen
- USDA, ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Curtis P. Van Tassell
- USDA, ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - David R. Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brenda M. Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
- *Correspondence: Brenda M. Murdoch,
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Machín C, Corripio-Miyar Y, Hernández JN, Pérez-Hernández T, Hayward AD, Wright HW, Price DRG, Matthews JB, McNeilly TN, Nisbet AJ, González JF. Cellular and humoral immune responses associated with protection in sheep vaccinated against Teladorsagia circumcincta. Vet Res 2021; 52:89. [PMID: 34134748 PMCID: PMC8207578 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increased anthelmintic resistance, complementary methods to drugs are necessary to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Vaccines are an environmentally-friendly and promising option. In a previous study, a Teladorsagia circumcincta recombinant sub-unit vaccine was administered to two sheep breeds with different levels of resistance against GIN. In the susceptible Canaria Sheep (CS) breed, vaccinates harboured smaller worms with fewer eggs in utero than the control group. Here, we extend this work, by investigating the cellular and humoral immune responses of these two sheep breeds following vaccination and experimental infection with T. circumcincta. In the vaccinated CS group, negative associations between antigen-specific IgA, IgG2 and Globule Leukocytes (GLs) with several parasitological parameters were established as well as a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio than in control CS animals, suggesting a key role in the protection induced by the vaccine. In the more resistant Canaria Hair Breed (CHB) sheep the vaccine did not significantly impact on the parasitological parameters studied and none of these humoral associations were observed in vaccinated CHB lambs, although CHB had higher proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within the abomasal lymph nodes, suggesting higher mucosal T cell activation. Each of the component proteins in the vaccine induced an increase in immunoglobulin levels in vaccinated groups of each breed. However, levels of immunoglobulins to only three of the antigens (Tci-MEP-1, Tci-SAA-1, Tci-ASP-1) were negatively correlated with parasitological parameters in the CS breed and they may be, at least partially, responsible for the protective effect of the vaccine in this breed. These data could be useful for improving the current vaccine prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Machín
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | | | - Julia N Hernández
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
| | - Tara Pérez-Hernández
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge F González
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
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8
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Taenia hydatigena larvae vesicular concentrate reduces the egg shedding of Haemonchus contortus associated with the overexpression of abomasal cytokines in lambs. Vet Parasitol 2021; 292:109390. [PMID: 33752037 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression patterns of some cytokines were compared by RT-qPCR between lambs with and without Taenia hydatigena larvae vesicular concentrate (ThLVC) administration and subsequent infection with Haemonchus contortus. Lambs that received ThLVC prior to infection with H. contortus showed lower (p < 0.03) cumulative FEC (AUC = 18450 ± 3384) than infected lambs who did not receive ThLVC (AUC = 31081 ± 3277). Lambs infected with H. contortus, in general, overexpressed Th1 and Th2 cytokines in abomasal mucosa and abomasal lymph nodes, which seems to indicate a generalized and nonpolarized activation of the immune response by H. contortus. The main immunomodulatory effects of ThLVC were observed in the abomasal fundic region. The lambs that were given ThLVC prior to infection strongly overexpressed most of the studied cytokines representing the Th1 (IFNγ and IL2) and Th2 profiles (IL4, IL5, IL6 and IL10), proinflammatory cytokines (SOD1 and PRDX6) and IgE receptor; in contrast, lambs that were infected but did not receive ThLVC only moderately overexpressed IFNγ, IL4 and IL6. The absence of the significant overexpression of cytokines in lambs that only received ThLVC suggests that this derived from T. hydatigena does not have a stimulating effect per se; however, the presence of H. contortus did produce the highest expression (p < 0.01) cytokine profile among lambs that received ThLVC prior to infection compared to those who did not receive it, so its effect seems to be immunomodulatory and not only immunostimulatory.
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Estrada-Reyes ZM, Rae DO, Mateescu RG. Genome-wide scan reveals important additive and non-additive genetic effects associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Florida Native sheep. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:535-543. [PMID: 33549580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Florida Native sheep is among the sheep breeds best adapted to humid and hot climatic conditions such as those of Florida, USA, and have shown a superior ability to regulate nematode burdens. This is one of the oldest sheep breeds in North America and is an endangered species. To ensure genetic diversity and long-term survival of the breed, protection of the current genetic stock is critical and conservation efforts are required to promote its breeding and production. The objective of the present study was to investigate the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects on resistance to natural Haemonchus contortus infections in Florida Native sheep using a whole genome scan. A total of 200 sheep were evaluated in the present study. Phenotypic records included faecal egg count (FEC, eggs/gram), FAMACHA® score, packed cell volume (PCV, %), body condition score and average daily gain (ADG, kg). Sheep were genotyped using the GGP Ovine 50K SNP chip and 45.2 k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers spanning the entire genome were available for quality control procedures. Mixed models were used to analyse the response variables and included the identity by state matrix to control for population structure. Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple testing and a second arbitrary threshold (0.1 × 10-3) was used. Fifteen SNPs with additive and non-additive genetic effects and located in Ovis aries chromosome OAR1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 21 were associated with FEC, FAMACHA® score, PCV and ADG. These SNPs could be potential genetic markers for resistance to natural H. contortus exposure in Florida Native sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira M Estrada-Reyes
- College of Agriculture, Family Sciences, and Technology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - D Owen Rae
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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10
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Discovery of genes and proteins possibly regulating mean wool fibre diameter using cDNA microarray and proteomic approaches. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7726. [PMID: 32382132 PMCID: PMC7206055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wool fibre diameter (WFD) is one of the wool traits with higher economic impact. However, the main genes specifically regulating WFD remain unidentified. In this current work we have used Agilent Sheep Gene Expression Microarray and proteomic technology to investigate the gene expression patterns of body side skin, bearing more wool, in Aohan fine wool sheep, a Chinese indigenous breed, and compared them with that of small tail Han sheep, a sheep bread with coarse wool. Microarray analyses showed that most of the genes likely determining wool diameter could be classified into a few categories, including immune response, regulation of receptor binding and growth factor activity. Certain gene families might play a role in hair growth regulation. These include growth factors, immune cytokines, solute carrier families, cellular respiration and glucose transport amongst others. Proteomic analyses also identified scores of differentially expressed proteins.
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11
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Aboshady HM, Mandonnet N, Félicité Y, Hira J, Fourcot A, Barbier C, Johansson AM, Jonas E, Bambou JC. Dynamic transcriptomic changes of goat abomasal mucosa in response to Haemonchus contortus infection. Vet Res 2020; 51:44. [PMID: 32178732 PMCID: PMC7074999 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are one of the major constraints for grazing sheep and goat production worldwide. Genetic selection for resistant animals is a promising control strategy. Whole-transcriptome analysis via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) provides knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for complex traits such as resistance to GIN infections. In this study, we used RNA-seq to monitor the dynamics of the response of the abomasal mucosa of Creole goat kids infected with Haemonchus contortus by comparing resistant and susceptible genotypes. A total of 8 cannulated kids, 4 susceptible and 4 resistant to GIN, were infected twice with 10 000 L3 H. contortus. During the second infection, abomasal mucosal biopsies were collected at 0, 8, 15 and 35 days post-infection (dpi) from all kids for RNA-seq analysis. The resistant animals showed early activation of biological processes related to the immune response. The top 20 canonical pathways of differentially expressed genes for different comparison showed activation of the immune response through many relevant pathways including the Th1 response. Interestingly, our results showed a simultaneous time series activation of Th2 related genes in resistant compared to susceptible kids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M Aboshady
- AgroParisTech, Paris, France.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden.,URZ Recherches Zootechniques, INRAE, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nathalie Mandonnet
- URZ Recherches Zootechniques, INRAE, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Yoann Félicité
- URZ Recherches Zootechniques, INRAE, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Julien Hira
- URZ Recherches Zootechniques, INRAE, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Aurore Fourcot
- URZ Recherches Zootechniques, INRAE, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Claude Barbier
- UEPTEA Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal, INRAE, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Anna M Johansson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Jonas
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Estrada-Reyes ZM, Rae O, Postley C, Jiménez Medrano MB, Leal Gutiérrez JD, Mateescu RG. Association study reveals Th17, Treg, and Th2 loci related to resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Florida Native sheep1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4428-4444. [PMID: 31541548 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify for the first time single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Haemonchus contortus resistance in Florida Native sheep, using a targeted sequencing approach. One hundred and fifty-three lambs were evaluated in this study. At the start of the trial, phenotypic records for fecal egg count (FEC), FAMACHA score, body condition score (BCS), and weight were recorded and deworming of sheep with levamisole (18 mg/kg of body weight) was performed. Ten days post-deworming (baseline) and 28 d post-baseline, a full hematogram of each sheep was obtained and FEC, FAMACHA score, BCS, and weight were assessed. Average daily gain was calculated at the end of the trial. Out of 153 animals, 100 sheep were selected for genotyping using a targeted sequencing approach. Targeted sequencing panel included 100 candidate genes for immune response against H. contortus. SNPs were discarded if call rate <95% and minor allele frequency ≤0.05. A mixed model was used to analyze the response variables and included the identity by state matrix to control for population structure. A contemporary group (age, group, and sex) was included as fixed effect. Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple testing. Eighteen SNPs on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 15, 18, 20, 24, and 26 were significant for different traits. Our results suggest that loci related to Th17, Treg, and Th2 responses play an important role in the expression of resistant phenotypes. Several genes including ITGA4, MUC15, TLR3, PCDH7, CFI, CXCL10, TNF, CCL26, STAT3, GPX2, IL2RB, and STAT6 were identified as potential markers for resistance to natural H. contortus exposure. This is the first study that evaluates potential genetic markers for H. contortus resistance in Florida Native sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen Rae
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Association of single nucleotide polymorphism in NLRC3, NLRC5, HIP1, and LRP8 genes with fecal egg counts in goats naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1583-1598. [PMID: 31828571 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a common, intractably pathogenic and economically important gastrointestinal nematode for goat producers worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 12 candidate goat genes mainly related to the innate immune response associated with fecal egg counts (FECs) of Haemonchus contortus in goat as an indicator of the level of parasite infection. Phenotypic data including FEC and blood traits were recorded in 189 native goats from China and 191 ones from Bangladesh, respectively. Bangladeshi goats had significantly (P < 0.01) lower FEC compared to that of Chinese goats, suggesting higher susceptible and infection rates in Chinese goat populations. FEC was significantly positive correlated with body weight (r = 0.64, P < 0.01) and hemoglobin (r = 0.49, P < 0.01) value, but negative with pack cell volume (r = - 0.63, P < 0.05) in goats. Genotyping of SNPs was performed using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry assay and a generalized linear model was used to evaluate the association between each SNP and goat FEC trait. Eleven novel SNPs in the NLRC3, NLRC5, HIP1, and LRP8, out of 46 variants from these 12 genes, were significantly associated with FEC of goats with a nominal significance level of P < 0.05. Of these 11 SNPs, linkage disequilibrium were revealed among SNPs in LRP8 (r2 = 0.87 to 1), between SNPs in NLRC3, NLRC5, and HIP1 (r2 = 0.96 to 0.99), respectively. Further, haplotypes within NLRC3, NLRC5, and HIP1 were significantly associated (P < 0.001) with FEC. In artificial challenge trail, quantitative real-time PCR exposed that the relative expression of mRNA was higher in the resistant group for NLRC3 (P < 0.01), LRP8 and HIP1 (P < 0.001) but lower in the resistant group for NLRC5 (P < 0.0001), compared to the susceptible group. The possible SNP markers and genes identified in this study could be potentially used in marker-assisted selection for breeding local goats breeds resistant to gastrointestinal nematode parasite particularly for Haemonchus contortus, and then for improving health and productivity of goat.
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Innate Immune Responses Associated with Resistance against Haemonchus contortus in Morada Nova Sheep. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3562672. [PMID: 31815153 PMCID: PMC6877983 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3562672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response against Haemonchus contortus infections is primarily associated with the Th2 profile. However, the exact mechanisms associated with increased sheep resistance against this parasite remains poorly elucidated. The present study is aimed at evaluating mediators from the innate immune response in lambs of the Morada Nova Brazilian breed with contrasting H. contortus resistance phenotypes. Briefly, 287 lambs were characterized through fecal egg counts (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) after two independent experimental parasitic challenges with 4,000 H. contortus L3. 20 extreme resistance phenotypes (10 most resistant and 10 most susceptible) were selected, subjected to a third artificial infection with 4,000 L3, and euthanized 7 days later. Tissue samples were collected from abomasal fundic and pyloric mucosa and abomasal lymph nodes. Blood samples were collected at days 0 and 7 of the third parasitic challenge. RNA was extracted from tissue and blood samples for relative quantification of innate immune-related genes by RT-qPCR. For the abomasal fundic mucosa, increased TNFα and IL1β expression levels (P < 0.05) were found in the susceptible animals, while resistant animals had IL33 superiorly expressed (P < 0.05). Higher levels (P < 0.05) of TLR2 and CFI were found in the abomasal pyloric mucosa of resistant animals. TNFα was at higher levels (P < 0.05) in the blood of susceptible lambs, at day 0 of the third artificial infection. The exacerbated proinflammatory response observed in susceptible animals, at both local and systemic levels, may be a consequence of high H. contortus parasitism. This hypothesis is corroborated by the higher blood levels of TNFα before the onset of infection, which probably remained elevated from the previous parasitic challenges. On the other hand, resistant lambs had an enhanced response mediated by TLR recognition and complement activation. Nevertheless, this is the first study to directly associate sheep parasitic resistance with IL33, an innate trigger of the Th2-polarized response.
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Estrada-Reyes ZM, Tsukahara Y, Amadeu RR, Goetsch AL, Gipson TA, Sahlu T, Puchala R, Wang Z, Hart SP, Mateescu RG. Signatures of selection for resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:735. [PMID: 31615414 PMCID: PMC6792194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal nematode infection (GNI) is the most important disease affecting the small ruminant industry in U.S. The environmental conditions in the southern United States are ideal for the survival of the most pathogenic gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus. Host genetic variation for resistance to H. contortus allows selective breeding for increased resistance of animals. This selection process increases the prevalence of particular alleles in sheep and goats and creates unique genetic patterns in the genome of these species. The aim of this study was to identify loci with divergent allelic frequencies in a candidate gene panel of 100 genes using two different approaches (frequentist and Bayesian) to estimate Fst outliers in three different breeds of sheep and goats exposed to H. contortus. Results Our results for sheep populations showed SNPs under selection in C3AR1, CSF3, SOCS2, NOS2, STAT5B, TGFB2 and IL2RA genes using frequentist and Bayesian approaches. For goats, SNPs in CD1D, ITGA9, IL12A, IL13RA1, CD86 and TGFB2 genes were under selection. Common signatures of selection in both species were observed in NOS2, TGFB2 and TLR4 genes. Directional selection was present in all SNPs evaluated in the present study. Conclusions A total of 13 SNPs within 7 genes of our candidate gene panel related to H. contortus exposure were identified under selection in sheep populations. For goats, 11 SNPs within 7 genes were identified under selection. Results from this study support the hypothesis that resistance to H. contortus is likely to be controlled by many loci. Shared signatures of selection related to mechanisms of immune protection against H. contortus infection in sheep and goats could be useful targets in breeding programs aimed to produce resistant animals with low FEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Tsukahara
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Rodrigo R Amadeu
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arthur L Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Terry A Gipson
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Tilahun Sahlu
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Richard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Zaisen Wang
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Steve P Hart
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Estrada-Reyes ZM, Tsukahara Y, Goetsch AL, Gipson TA, Sahlu T, Puchala R, Mateescu RG. Association analysis of immune response loci related to Haemonchus contortus exposure in sheep and goats using a targeted approach. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Aboshady HM, Mandonnet N, Stear MJ, Arquet R, Bederina M, Sarry J, Tosser-Klopp G, Klopp C, Johansson AM, Jonas E, Bambou JC. Transcriptome variation in response to gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218719. [PMID: 31220166 PMCID: PMC6586351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a major constraint for small ruminant production. Due to the rise of anthelmintic resistance throughout the world, alternative control strategies are needed. The development of GIN resistance breeding programs is a promising strategy. However, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying genetic resistance might lead to more effective breeding programmes. In this study, we compare transcriptome profiling of abomasal mucosa and lymph node tissues from non-infected, resistant and susceptible infected Creole goats using RNA-sequencing. A total of 24 kids, 12 susceptible and 12 GIN resistant based on the estimated breeding value, were infected twice with 10,000 L3 Haemonchus contortus. Physiological and parasitological parameters were monitored during infection. Seven weeks after the second infection, extreme kids (n = 6 resistant and 6 susceptible), chosen on the basis of the fecal egg counts (FEC), and 3 uninfected control animals were slaughtered. Susceptible kids had significantly higher FEC compared with resistant kids during the second infection with no differences in worm burden, male and female worm count or establishment rate. A higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in infected compared with non-infected animals in both abomasal mucosa (792 DEG) and lymph nodes (1726 DEG). There were fewer DEG in resistant versus susceptible groups (342 and 450 DEG, in abomasal mucosa and lymph nodes respectively). ‘Cell cycle’ and ‘cell death and survival’ were the main identified networks in mucosal tissue when comparing infected versus non-infected kids. Antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I were in the top biological functions for the DEG identified in lymph nodes. The TGFβ1 gene was one of the top 5 upstream DEG in mucosal tissue. Our results are one of the fist investigating differences in the expression profile induced by GIN infection in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M. Aboshady
- AgroParisTech, Paris, France
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden
- URZ, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, INRA, Petit Bourg (Guadeloupe), France
- Department of animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nathalie Mandonnet
- URZ, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, INRA, Petit Bourg (Guadeloupe), France
| | - Michael J. Stear
- La Trobe Univ, Dept Anim Plant & Soil Sci, AgriBio, Ctr AgriBiosci, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rémy Arquet
- PTEA, Plateforme Tropicale d’Expérimentation sur l’Animal, INRA, Petit Bourg (Guadeloupe), France
| | - Malia Bederina
- URZ, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, INRA, Petit Bourg (Guadeloupe), France
| | - Julien Sarry
- Univ Toulouse, ENVT, INPT, GenPhySE, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Christophe Klopp
- INRA, Plateforme Bioinformat Toulouse, Midi Pyrenees UBIA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Anna M. Johansson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Jonas
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden
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Alam MBB, Omar AI, Faruque MO, Notter DR, Periasamy K, Mondal MMH, Sarder MJU, Shamsuddin M, Cao J, Du X, Wu Z, Zhao S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes are significantly associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:30. [PMID: 30918657 PMCID: PMC6419443 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemonchosis is a major economic problem in goat production in humid, tropical and subtropical regions. The disease is caused by an abomasal nematode, Haemonchus contortus, which is highly pathogenic in small ruminants. The aim of this study was to identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that were associated with fecal egg counts (FEC) and could be used as markers to identify resistance to H. contortus in goats. RESULTS Ten novel variants in the CIITA, ATP2A3, HSPA8, STAT5B, ESYT1, and SERPING1 genes were associated with FEC in goats with a nominal significance level of P < 0.05. Two missense mutation in the exon region of the caprine CIITA gene resulted in replacement of arginine with cysteine at position 9473550 (R9473550C) and aspartic acid with glutamic acid at position 9473870 (D9473870E). Chinese goat breeds had significantly higher FEC than Bangladeshi goat breeds within their respective genotypes. Polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele number (Ne), and heterozygosity (He) were greatest for the STAT5B_197_A > G SNP locus in all goat breeds. Pairwise coefficients of linkage disequilibrium (D´, r 2) revealed complete LD (r 2 = 1) between significant SNP polymorphisms in CIITA and SERPING1 and strong LD (r 2 = 0.93 and 0.98) between polymorphisms in HSPA8 and ATP2A3, respectively. Correlation coefficient (r) between FEC and body weight (BW) was significantly positive (r = 0.56***, P < 0.001) but that between FEC and packed cell volume (PCV) was negatively significant (r = - 0.47**, P < 0.01) in the total population of goats. On the other hand, correlation coefficient (r) between BW and PCV was not significant in total population of goats. Association analysis revealed that haplotypes within ATP2A3, HSPA8, and SERPING1 were significantly associated with FEC. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the relative expression of mRNA was higher (P < 0.001) for resistant, compared to susceptible, groups of goats for all candidate genes except CIITA. CONCLUSIONS This study identified SNP markers that can potentially be used in marker-assisted selection programs to develop goat breeds that are resistant to H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmuda Bilkis Bintee Alam
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Abdullah Ibne Omar
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Md. Omar Faruque
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - David Russell Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Kathiravan Periasamy
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Join FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Md. Jalal Uddin Sarder
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shamsuddin
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Join FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jianhua Cao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Du
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Wu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren Univesity, Tongren, Guizhou 554300 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
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Souza BMPDS, Lambert SM, Nishi SM, Benavides MV, Berne MEA, Madruga CR, Almeida MAOD. Galectins and collectinis expression are increased in Haemonchus contortus-infected corriedale sheep. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:317-23. [PMID: 26444062 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of Haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (Gal11 and Gal14) and collectins (SPA and CGN) in sheep. Twelve Corriedale sheep exposed to natural infection with nematodes were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1, n = 7) and group 2 (G2, n = 5), with low and high parasite burdens, respectively, based on fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts. The fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. Galectin and collectin gene expression was observed in all sheep abomasal samples. However, animals with lower infection levels showed lower expression of the genes Gal14, SPA and CGN (p < 0.05). Expression of lectins was associated with the abomasal H. contortus burden, thus suggesting that these proteins may have a role in controlling of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Mota Lambert
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, BR
| | - Sandra Mayumi Nishi
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, BR
| | | | | | - Claudio Roberto Madruga
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, BR
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Patra G, Borthakur SK, Das S, Lalliankimi H, Lalrinkima H. Quantification and expression studies of IL-13 gene in response to experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus in Garole and Sahabadi sheep. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2017; 8:99-103. [PMID: 31014648 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of IL-13 gene in Garole/Sahabadi sheep against resistant/susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus five Garole sheep (Group I) with consistently showing low egg per gram of faeces (EPG) (≤150) and another five Garole sheep (Group II) with high EPG (≥500) were selected and fed orally with active H. contortus third stage (L3) larvae at the dose rate of 500 larvae/kg body weight. Five Sahabadi sheep (Gr-III) known susceptible to H. contortus were also challenged with the same dose as the previous groups. Blood was collected from each group on day 0, 7 and 14days post infection (dpi). The serum level of IL-13 cytokine was evaluated by ELISA at different days of post infection. The ovine IL-13 was partially isolated and the RNAm level of IL-13 expression was studied by real-time PCR at different days post infection. In the resistant Garole sheep (Gr-I) the concentration of IL-13 cytokine increased significantly (P≤0.05) 14days PI compared to susceptible Garole (Gr-II)/Sahabadi (Group-III). In similar way the relative expression of IL-13 in group I (Gr-I) was found more than seven fold higher than Gr-II and Gr-III on 14 dpi. The Th2 type immune response to H. contortus characterized by higher serum level of IL-13 cytokine and IL-13 gene expression indicated that IL-13 gene plays a vital role for the reduced establishment and/or survival of established H. contortus in resistant Garole sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Patra
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, India.
| | - Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Samares Das
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Hmar Lalliankimi
- Department of Livestock Production& Management, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Hniang Lalrinkima
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, India
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McRae KM, Stear MJ, Good B, Keane OM. The host immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep. Parasite Immunol 2016; 37:605-13. [PMID: 26480845 PMCID: PMC4744952 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode infection represents a major threat to the health, welfare and productivity of sheep populations worldwide. Infected lambs have a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in morbidity and occasional mortality. The current chemo‐dominant approach to nematode control is considered unsustainable due to the increasing incidence of anthelmintic resistance. In addition, there is growing consumer demand for food products from animals not subjected to chemical treatment. Future mechanisms of nematode control must rely on alternative, sustainable strategies such as vaccination or selective breeding of resistant animals. Such strategies take advantage of the host's natural immune response to nematodes. The ability to resist gastrointestinal nematode infection is considered to be dependent on the development of a protective acquired immune response, although the precise immune mechanisms involved in initiating this process remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, current knowledge on the innate and acquired host immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep and the development of immunity is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M McRae
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand.,Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - M J Stear
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - B Good
- Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - O M Keane
- Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Zhao J, Liu N, Liu K, He J, Yu J, Bu R, Cheng M, De W, Liu J, Li H. Identification of genes and proteins associated with anagen wool growth. Anim Genet 2016; 48:67-79. [PMID: 27611105 DOI: 10.1111/age.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genes of major effect for wool growth would offer strategies for improving the quality and increasing the yield of fine wool. In this study, we employed the Agilent Sheep Gene Expression Microarray and proteomic technology to investigate the gene expression patterns of body side skin (more wool growing) in Aohan fine wool sheep (a Chinese indigenous breed) in comparison with groin skin (no wool growing) at the anagen stage of the wool follicle. A microarray study revealed that 4772 probes were differentially expressed, including 2071 upregulated and 2701 downregulated probes, in the comparisons of body side skin vs. groin skin (S/G). The microarray results were verified by means of quantitative PCR. A total of 1099 probes were assigned to unique genes/transcripts. The number of distinct genes/transcripts (annotated) was 926, of which 352 were upregulated and 574 were downregulated. In S/G, 13 genes were upregulated by more than 10 fold, whereas 60 genes were downregulated by more than 10 fold. Further analysis revealed that the majority of the genes possibly related to the wool growth could be assigned to categories including regulation of cell division, intermediate filament, cytoskeletal part and growth factor activity. Several potential gene families may participate in hair growth regulation, including fibroblast growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, WNTs, insulin-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factors and so on. Proteomic analysis also revealed 196 differentially expressed protein points, of which 121 were identified as single protein points.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China.,China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - N Liu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - K Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - J He
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - J Yu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - R Bu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - M Cheng
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - W De
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - J Liu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - H Li
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China
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McRae KM, Good B, Hanrahan JP, McCabe MS, Cormican P, Sweeney T, O'Connell MJ, Keane OM. Transcriptional profiling of the ovine abomasal lymph node reveals a role for timing of the immune response in gastrointestinal nematode resistance. Vet Parasitol 2016; 224:96-108. [PMID: 27270397 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in grazing ruminants. The major ovine defence mechanism is acquired immunity, with protective immunity developing over time in response to infection. Nematode resistance varies both within and between breeds and is moderately heritable. A detailed understanding of the genes and mechanisms involved in protective immunity, and the factors that regulate this response, is required to aid both future breeding strategies and the development of effective and sustainable nematode control methods. The aim of this study was to compare the abomasal lymph node transcriptome of resistant and susceptible lambs in order to determine biological processes differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible individuals. Scottish Blackface lambs, with divergent phenotypes for resistance, were challenged with 30,000 Teladorsagia circumcincta larvae (L3), and abomasal lymph nodes recovered at 7 and 14days post-infection (dpi). High-throughput sequencing of cDNA from the abomasal lymph node was used to quantitatively sample the transcriptome with an average of 32 million reads per sample. A total of 194 and 144 genes were differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible lambs at 7 and 14 dpi respectively. Differentially expressed networks and biological processes were identified using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Genes involved in the inflammatory response, attraction of T lymphocytes and binding of leukocytes were more highly expressed in resistant animals at 7 dpi and in susceptible animals at 14 dpi indicating that resistant animals respond to infection earlier than susceptible animals. Twenty-four Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) within 11 differentially expressed genes, were tested for association with gastrointestinal nematode resistance in the Scottish Blackface lambs. Four SNP, in 2 genes (SLC30A2 and ALB), were suggestively associated with faecal egg count. In conclusion, a large number of genes were differentially expressed in the abomasal lymph node of resistant and susceptible lambs responding to gastrointestinal nematode challenge. Resistant Scottish Blackface lambs appear to generate an earlier immune response to T. circumcincta. In susceptible lambs this response appears to be delayed. SNP in 2 differentially expressed genes were suggestively associated with faecal egg count indicating that differentially expressed genes may be considered candidate loci for mediating nematode resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M McRae
- Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland; Bioinformatics & Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Barbara Good
- Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - James P Hanrahan
- Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - Matthew S McCabe
- Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Evolution Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Orla M Keane
- Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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Benavides MV, Sonstegard TS, Van Tassell C. Genomic Regions Associated with Sheep Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:470-480. [PMID: 27183838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic markers for sheep resistance to gastrointestinal parasites have long been sought by the livestock industry as a way to select more resistant individuals and to help farmers reduce parasite transmission by identifying and removing high egg shedders from the flock. Polymorphisms related to the major histocompatibility complex and interferon (IFN)-γ genes have been the most frequently reported markers associated with infection. Recently, a new picture is emerging from genome-wide studies, showing that not only immune mechanisms are important determinants of host resistance but that gastrointestinal mucus production and hemostasis pathways may also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Curtis Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
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MacKinnon KM, Bowdridge SA, Kanevsky-Mullarky I, Zajac AM, Notter DR. Gene expression profiles of hair and wool sheep reveal importance of Th2 immune mechanisms for increased resistance to. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:2074-82. [PMID: 26020303 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of gastrointestinal parasites is a critical issue for sheep producers worldwide. Increases in the prevalence of drug-resistant worms have complicated parasite control and increased economic losses. Therefore, other methods of parasite control need to be assessed, including the use of genetically resistant animals in breeding programs. Hair sheep breeds such as the St. Croix have greater parasite resistance than conventional wool breeds. However, the immune mechanisms that control parasite resistance in hair or wool breeds have not yet been fully determined, and information on cytokine expression profiles for both wool sheep selected for increased resistance and hair sheep is limited. Our objective was to investigate gene expression differences in 24 parasite-resistant hair and 24 susceptible wool sheep to identify immune effectors associated with resistance to . One-half of the lambs were infected and sacrificed at 3 or 27 d after infection. Remaining lambs were not infected. Breed differences in expression of genes associated with Th1 and Th2 immune responses in lymph nodes and abomasal tissue were determined. Th2-associated genes included IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IgE, the α chain of the IL-4 receptor, and the α chain of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). Th1-associated genes included interferon gamma (IFN-γ), the p35 subunit of IL-12 (IL-12 p35), and the β1 and β2 chains of the IL-12 receptor (IL-12 Rβ1 and IL-12 Rβ2, respectively). In both hair and wool sheep, infection with resulted in greater expression of IgE, IL-13, IL-5, and IL-12 p35 and somewhat reduced expression of IFNγ in lymph nodes. In abomasal tissue, parasite infection resulted in greater IgE, IL-13, FcεRI, and IL-12 p35 expression in infected lambs compared with control lambs. Between breeds, hair sheep had a stronger Th2 response after infection than wool sheep, with increased expression of IgE and IL-13 and decreased expression of IFNγ in lymph nodes and increased expression of IL-13 and decreased expression of IL-12 p35 in abomasal tissue. Expression of IL-4 in lymph nodes did not differ between hair and wool lambs, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-12 Rβ1, and IL-12 Rβ2 expression was too low to measure at the times sampled in abomasal tissue.
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Hui W, Jiang S, Tang J, Hou H, Chen S, Jia B, Ban Q. An Immediate Innate Immune Response Occurred In the Early Stage of E. granulosus Eggs Infection in Sheep: Evidence from Microarray Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135096. [PMID: 26252489 PMCID: PMC4529311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Echinococcosis(CE), caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), is a chronic parasitic zoonosis, with highly susceptible infection in sheep. However, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms that underlie the process of E. granulosus infection in the early stage remain largely unknown. The objective of this present study was to gain a cluster of genes expression profiles in the intestine tissue of sheep infected with CE. METHODS Nine healthy sheep were divided into infection group and healthy controls, with six infected perorally 5000 E. granulosus eggs suspended in 1000 μl physiological saline and three controls perorally injected 1000 μl physiological saline. All animals were sacrificed at 4 hours post-infection, respectively. The intestine tissue was removed and the RNA was extracted. In the infection group, the biology replicates were designed to make sure the accuracy of the data. The ovine microarrays were used to analyze changes of gene expression in the intestine tissue between CE infected sheep and healthy controls. Real-time PCR was used to assess reliability of the microarray data. RESULTS By biology repeats, a total of 195 differentially expressed genes were identified between infected group and controls at 4 hours post-infection, with 105 genes related to immune responses, while 90 genes associated with functions including energy metabolism, fat soluble transport, etc. Among the 105 immunity genes, 72 genes showed up-regulated expression levels while 33 showed down-regulation levels. Function analysis showed that most of up-regulated genes were related to innate immune responses, such as mast cell, NK cell, cytokines, chemokines and complement. In addition, Real-time PCR analysis of a random selection of nine genes confirmed the reliability of the microarray data. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report describing gene expression profiles in the intestine tissue of CE infection sheep. These results suggested that the innate immune system was activated to elicit immediate defense in the intestine tissue where E. granulosus invaded in at 4 hour-post infection. Furthermore, future interest will also focus on unraveling similar events, especially for the function of adaptive immunity, but at late stage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao Hui
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Road Nongkenan, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jishun Tang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Road Nongkenan, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Road Nongkenan, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Road Nongkenan, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SC); (BJ); (QB)
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SC); (BJ); (QB)
| | - Qian Ban
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Road Jiulong, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SC); (BJ); (QB)
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Thanasaksiri K, Hirono I, Kondo H. Temperature-dependent regulation of gene expression in poly (I:C)-treated Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:835-840. [PMID: 26052011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling of poly (I:C)-treated Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, under different temperatures was investigated using microarray analysis. The response was analyzed in spleen tissue at 3 and 24 h post injection (hpi) at 15 °C and 25 °C. A large number of genes in fish treated with poly (I:C) at 25 °C were expressed at 3 hpi, whereas the expression profiles at 24 hpi appeared to be similar to those of the controls. Cluster analysis of the different expression profiles showed three distinct groups of up-regulated genes in fish reared at 15 °C. These were early (3 hpi), early-to-late (3 and 24 hpi), and late (24 hpi) up-regulated genes. These genes included type I IFN-related genes and inflammatory genes. Among the up-regulated genes, most of the type I IFN-related genes played early-to-late- and late-responding genes at 15 °C but early-responding genes at 25 °C. Thus, several up-regulated genes in these groups from the microarray result were further verified by qPCR. These results indicate that the type I IFN gene expressions of P. olivaceus treated with poly (I:C) can be regulated in a temperature-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipong Thanasaksiri
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Yang Y, Zhou QJ, Chen XQ, Yan BL, Guo XL, Zhang HL, Du AF. Profiling of differentially expressed genes in sheep T lymphocytes response to an artificial primary Haemonchus contortus infection. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:235. [PMID: 25903558 PMCID: PMC4406218 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemonchus contortus is a common bloodsucking nematode causing widespread economic loss in agriculture. Upon H. contortus infection, a series of host responses is elicited, especially those related to T lymphocyte immunity. Existing studies mainly focus on the general immune responses of sheep T lymphocyte to H. contortus, lacking investigations at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to obtain a systematic transcriptional profiling of the T lymphocytes in H. contortus primary-infected sheep. METHODS Nematode-free sheep were orally infected once with H. contortus L3s. T lymphocyte samples were collected from the peripheral blood of 0, 3, 30 and 60 days post infection (dpi) infected sheep. Microarrays were used to compare gene transcription levels between samples. Quantitative RT-PCR was employed to validate the microarray data. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were utilized for the annotation of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Our microarray data was consistent with qPCR results. From microarrays, 853, 242 and 42 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the 3d vs. 0d, 30d vs. 0d and 60d vs. 0d comparison groups, respectively. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these genes were involved in metabolism, signaling, cell growth and immune system processes. Functional analysis of significant differentially expressed genes, such as SLC9A3R2, ABCB9, COMMD4, SUGT1, FCER1G, GSK3A, PAK4 and FCER2, revealed a crucial association with cellular homeostasis maintenance and immune response. Our data suggested that maintaining both effective immunological response and natural cellular activity are important for T lymphocytes in fighting against H. contortus infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a substantial list of candidate genes in sheep T lymphocytes response to H. contortus infection, and contribute novel insights into a general immune response upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qian-Jin Zhou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Xue-Qiu Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Bao-Long Yan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Xiao-Lu Guo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Hong-Li Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang center for animal disease control and prevention, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Ai-Fang Du
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Liu N, Li H, Liu K, Yu J, Bu R, Cheng M, De W, Liu J, He G, Zhao J. Identification of skin-expressed genes possibly associated with wool growth regulation of Aohan fine wool sheep. BMC Genet 2014; 15:144. [PMID: 25511509 PMCID: PMC4272822 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-014-0144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sheep are valuable resources for the animal fibre industry. Therefore, identifying genes which regulate wool growth would offer strategies for improving the quality of fine wool. In this study, we employed Agilent sheep gene expression microarray and proteomic technology to compare the gene expression patterns of the body side (hair-rich) and groin (hairless) skins of Aohan fine wool sheep (a Chinese indigenous breed). Results Comparing the body side to the groin skins (S/G) of Aohan fine wool sheep, the microarray study revealed that 1494 probes were differentially expressed, including 602 more highly expressed and 892 less highly expressed probes. The microarray results were verified by means of quantitative PCR. Cluster analysis could distinguish the body side skin and the groin skin. Based on the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), 38 of the differentially expressed genes were classified into four categories, namely regulation of receptor binding, multicellular organismal process, protein binding and macromolecular complex. Proteomic study revealed that 187 protein spots showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in their respective expression levels. Among them, 46 protein entries were further identified by MALDI-TOF/MS analyses. Conclusions Microarray analysis revealed thousands of differentially expressed genes, many of which were possibly associated with wool growth. Several potential gene families might participate in hair growth regulation. Proteomic analysis also indentified hundreds of differentially expressed proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-014-0144-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Hegang Li
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Ran Bu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Wei De
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Guangling He
- State key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China. .,Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China. .,China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Delaney A, Padmanabhan V, Rezvani G, Chen W, Forcinito P, Cheung CS, Baron J, Lui JC. Evolutionary conservation and modulation of a juvenile growth-regulating genetic program. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:269-77. [PMID: 24776848 PMCID: PMC4051439 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Body size varies enormously among mammalian species. In small mammals, body growth is typically suppressed rapidly, within weeks, whereas in large mammals, growth is suppressed slowly, over years, allowing for a greater adult size. We recently reported evidence that body growth suppression in rodents is caused in part by a juvenile genetic program that occurs in multiple tissues simultaneously and involves the downregulation of a large set of growth-promoting genes. We hypothesized that this genetic program is conserved in large mammals but that its time course is evolutionarily modulated such that it plays out more slowly, allowing for more prolonged growth. Consistent with this hypothesis, using expression microarray analysis, we identified a set of genes that are downregulated with age in both juvenile sheep kidney and lung. This overlapping gene set was enriched for genes involved in cell proliferation and growth and showed striking similarity to a set of genes downregulated with age in multiple organs of the juvenile mouse and rat, indicating that the multiorgan juvenile genetic program previously described in rodents has been conserved in the 80 million years since sheep and rodents diverged in evolution. Using microarray and real-time PCR, we found that the pace of this program was most rapid in mice, more gradual in rats, and most gradual in sheep. These findings support the hypothesis that a growth-regulating genetic program is conserved among mammalian species but that its pace is modulated to allow more prolonged growth and therefore greater adult body size in larger mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Delaney
- Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Geoffrey Rezvani
- Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Weiping Chen
- Microarray Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patricia Forcinito
- Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Crystal S.F. Cheung
- Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julian C.K. Lui
- Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Liu N, Li H, Liu K, Yu J, Cheng M, De W, Liu J, Shi S, He Y, Zhao J. Differential expression of genes and proteins associated with wool follicle cycling. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5343-9. [PMID: 24847760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sheep are valuable resources for the wool industry. Wool growth of Aohan fine wool sheep has cycled during different seasons in 1 year. Therefore, identifying genes that control wool growth cycling might lead to ways for improving the quality and yield of fine wool. In this study, we employed Agilent sheep gene expression microarray and proteomic technology to compare the gene expression patterns of the body side skins at August and December time points in Aohan fine wool sheep (a Chinese indigenous breed). Microarray study revealed that 2,223 transcripts were differentially expressed, including 1,162 up-regulated and 1,061 down-regulated transcripts, comparing body side skin at the August time point to the December one (A/D) in Aohan fine wool sheep. Then seven differentially expressed genes were selected to validated the reliability of the gene chip data. The majority of the genes possibly related to follicle development and wool growth could be assigned into the categories including regulation of receptor binding, extracellular region, protein binding and extracellular space. Proteomic study revealed that 84 protein spots showed significant differences in expression levels. Of the 84, 63 protein spots were upregulated and 21 were downregulated in A/D. Finally, 55 protein points were determined through MALDI-TOF/MS analyses. Furthermore, the regulation mechanism of hair follicle might resemble that of fetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China,
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Understanding parasitic infection in sheep to design more efficient animal selection strategies. Vet J 2013; 197:143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal conserved and distinct mechanisms in ovine and bovine lactation. Funct Integr Genomics 2013; 13:115-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-012-0307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Immune responses associated with resistance to haemonchosis in sheep. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:162158. [PMID: 23509684 PMCID: PMC3591228 DOI: 10.1155/2013/162158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the known immunological and genetic factors associated with sheep resistance to infection by Haemonchus contortus. Such resistance is an inheritable genetic trait (h2, 0.22–0.63) associated with certain sheep breeds. Resistant sheep do not completely reject the disease; they only harbor fewer parasites than susceptible sheep and therefore have a lower fecal egg count. Protective immune response to haemonchosis is an expression of genetic resistance. Genes associated with resistance and susceptibility are described. Genetically resistant sheep have nonspecific mechanisms that block the initial colonization by Haemonchus contortus larvae. These sheep also have an efficacious Th2 type response (e.g., increases in blood and tissue eosinophils, specific IgE class antibodies, mast cells, IL-5, IL-13, and TNFα) that protects them against the infection; in contrast, susceptible sheep do not efficiently establish this type of immune response. Finally, the main reported antigens of H. contortus were reviewed.
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Biological Effect of Leaf Aqueous Extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis in Goats Naturally Infected with Gastrointestinal Nematodes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:510391. [PMID: 22548117 PMCID: PMC3324933 DOI: 10.1155/2012/510391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12): negative control (G1) (untreated), positive control (G2) (treated with doramectin, 1 mL/50 Kg b.w.), and G3 and G4 treated with 2.5 and 5 mg/Kg b.w. of a leaf aqueous extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis (CP). Fecal and blood samples were regularly collected for the evaluation of fecal egg count (FEC), hematological and immunological parameters to assess the anthelmintic activity. In treated animals with CP, there was noted a significant reduction of 54.6 and 71.2% in the mean FEC (P < 0.05). An increase in IgA levels was observed in G3 and G4 (P < 0.05), during the experimental period, suggesting that it was stimulated by the extract administration. In conclusion, the results showed that CP provoked a protective response in infected animals treated with them. This response could be partly explained by the CP chemical composition.
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Andronicos NM, McNally J, Kotze AC, Hunt PW, Ingham A. Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae induce necrosis and release of IL33 from intestinal epithelial cells in vitro: implications for gastrointestinal nematode vaccine design. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:295-304. [PMID: 22366550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes represent a major production problem for ruminant livestock. Enhancing immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes through vaccination is desirable but mechanistic understanding of initial host responses that facilitate gastrointestinal nematode protective immunity is limited. We hypothesise that gastrointestinal nematode invasion induces mucosal epithelium damage and alarmin (e.g. IL33) release, thereby contributing to initiation of protective gastrointestinal nematode immunity. To test this, an in vitro air-liquid interface human HT-29 epithelial cell-Trichostrongylus colubriformis co-culture system was developed. Exsheathed L3 T. colubriformis exhibited both sinusoidal and burrowing motions in the co-culture system. Burrowing parasites, but not ivermectin-paralysed larvae, induced necrotic death of epithelial cells (annexin V(+)/propidium iodide(+)/caspase 3/7(-)). Microscopy confirmed that larvae consumed labelled necrotic epithelial cell contents. Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae and their post-exsheathment antigens (excretory/secretory products) significantly induced IL33 mRNA expression in the epithelial cells. Immunoblot confirmed that IL33 was released from epithelial cells due to the damage caused by motile larvae. Exposure of HT-29 cells to alum or Sigma proprietary adjuvants induced significant epithelial cell IL33 mRNA expression without inducing cellular necrosis. Hence, the intracellular contents were not released externally where they might exert alarmin activity and this may limit their ability to trigger a protective anti-gastrointestinal nematode response. We conclude that T. colubriformis motion at the infection site induces intestinal epithelial cell necrosis which facilitates the release of intracellular contents, including IL33, and may be fundamental to the initiation of an appropriate host response to gastrointestinal nematodes. Our co-culture model is useful for studying initial epithelial cell-parasite interactions without conducting expensive animal trials.
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Lidder P, Sonnino A. Biotechnologies for the management of genetic resources for food and agriculture. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2012; 78:1-167. [PMID: 22980921 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394394-1.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the land area under agriculture has declined as also has the rate of growth in agricultural productivity while the demand for food continues to escalate. The world population now stands at 7 billion and is expected to reach 9 billion in 2045. A broad range of agricultural genetic diversity needs to be available and utilized in order to feed this growing population. Climate change is an added threat to biodiversity that will significantly impact genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA) and food production. There is no simple, all-encompassing solution to the challenges of increasing productivity while conserving genetic diversity. Sustainable management of GRFA requires a multipronged approach, and as outlined in the paper, biotechnologies can provide powerful tools for the management of GRFA. These tools vary in complexity from those that are relatively simple to those that are more sophisticated. Further, advances in biotechnologies are occurring at a rapid pace and provide novel opportunities for more effective and efficient management of GRFA. Biotechnology applications must be integrated with ongoing conventional breeding and development programs in order to succeed. Additionally, the generation, adaptation, and adoption of biotechnologies require a consistent level of financial and human resources and appropriate policies need to be in place. These issues were also recognized by Member States at the FAO international technical conference on Agricultural Biotechnologies for Developing Countries (ABDC-10), which took place in March 2010 in Mexico. At the end of the conference, the Member States reached a number of key conclusions, agreeing, inter alia, that developing countries should significantly increase sustained investments in capacity building and the development and use of biotechnologies to maintain the natural resource base; that effective and enabling national biotechnology policies and science-based regulatory frameworks can facilitate the development and appropriate use of biotechnologies in developing countries; and that FAO and other relevant international organizations and donors should significantly increase their efforts to support the strengthening of national capacities in the development and appropriate use of pro-poor agricultural biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetmoninder Lidder
- Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, Research and Extension Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sonnino
- Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, Research and Extension Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
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Peñagaricano F, Zorrilla P, Naya H, Robello C, Urioste JI. Gene expression analysis identifies new candidate genes associated with the development of black skin spots in Corriedale sheep. J Appl Genet 2011; 53:99-106. [PMID: 21952730 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-011-0066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The white coat colour of sheep is an important economic trait. For unknown reasons, some animals are born with, and others develop with time, black skin spots that can also produce pigmented fibres. The presence of pigmented fibres in the white wool significantly decreases the fibre quality. The aim of this work was to study gene expression in black spots (with and without pigmented fibres) and white skin by microarray techniques, in order to identify the possible genes involved in the development of this trait. Five unrelated Corriedale sheep were used and, for each animal, the three possible comparisons (three different hybridisations) between the three samples of interest were performed. Differential gene expression patterns were analysed using different t-test approaches. Most of the major genes with well-known roles in skin pigmentation, e.g. ASIP, MC1R and C-KIT, showed no significant difference in the gene expression between white skin and black spots. On the other hand, many of the differentially expressed genes (raw P-value < 0.005) detected in this study, e.g. C-FOS, KLF4 and UFC1, fulfil biological functions that are plausible to be involved in the formation of black spots. The gene expression of C-FOS and KLF4, transcription factors involved in the cellular response to external factors such as ultraviolet light, was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This exploratory study provides a list of candidate genes that could be associated with the development of black skin spots that should be studied in more detail. Characterisation of these genes will enable us to discern the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of this feature and, hence, increase our understanding of melanocyte biology and skin pigmentation. In sheep, understanding this phenomenon is a first step towards developing molecular tools to assist in the selection against the presence of pigmented fibres in white wool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Peñagaricano
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Small ruminant resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes: a case of Haemonchus contortus. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1483-500. [PMID: 21842390 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are a common constraint to small ruminant industry throughout the world, and among those, haemonchosis has its own significance. Control of GIN primarily relies on the use of anthelmintics, but this approach has become less reliable due to the development of resistance in GINs against commonly used anthelmintics and an increased consumer demand for environmentally friendly animal products. These issues have stimulated investigations to find alternative sustainable control strategies, which are less reliant on anthelmintic input. One of such strategies is breeding of small ruminants for their resistance to the GINs. The susceptibility and resistance of animals to GIN infections varies within and between breeds. Various parasitological, biochemical and immunological parameters are employed to evaluate natural resistance status of animals both in natural pasture and artificial infections. The immune mechanisms responsible for resistance are not completely understood, but it has a significant effect in inherited resistance. Relatively resistant or tolerant animals show better local and generalised immune response as compared to susceptible. Immune response against GINs is influenced by many physiological factors. Determination of specific genes linked with host resistance will provide a valuable approach to find out the molecular mechanism of host resistance to GINs. Resistance has been reported to reduce pasture contamination, which in turn reduces re-infection and thus the requirement of the frequent anthelmintic treatments. The efficiency of control can be increased through objective and accurate identification of genetically tolerant individuals by natural and artificial infections with GINs. Complete resistance is the ultimate solution, but this has generally been ignored as a commercial reality. This paper reviews the published reports on natural resistance in small ruminants and discusses the prospects of developing small ruminants, which could be resistant to GINs.
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A calcium-activated nucleotidase secreted from Ostertagia ostertagi 4th-stage larvae is a member of the novel salivary apyrases present in blood-feeding arthropods. Parasitology 2011; 138:333-43. [PMID: 20809998 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apyrases (ATP-diphosphohydrolase) comprise a ubiquitous class of glycosylated nucleotidases that hydrolyse extracellular ATP and ADP to orthophosphate and AMP. One class of newly-described, Ca2+-dependent, salivary apyrases known to counteract blood-clotting, has been identified in haematophagous arthropods. Herein, we have identified a gene (Oos-apy-1) encoding a protein that structurally conforms to the Ca2+-activated apyrase from the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, by immunologically screening an Ostertagia L4 cDNA expression library. The expressed protein (rOos-APY-1) was biochemically functional in the presence of Ca2+ only, with greatest activity on ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP. Host antibodies to the fusion protein appeared as early as 14 days post-infection (p.i.) and increased through 30 days p.i. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses demonstrated that the native Oos-APY-1 protein is present in the glandular bulb of the oesophagus and is confined to the L4. A putative signal sequence at the N-terminus and near 100% identity with a Teladorsagia circumcincta L4 secreted protein is consistent with the native protein being secreted at the cellular level. Predicated upon substrate specificity, the native protein may be used by the parasite to control the levels of host extracellular nucleotides released by locally-damaged tissues in an effort to modulate immune intervention and inflammation.
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The influence of MHC and immunoglobulins a and e on host resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. J Parasitol Res 2011; 2011:101848. [PMID: 21584228 PMCID: PMC3092517 DOI: 10.1155/2011/101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode parasites in farmed animals are of particular importance due to their effects on production. In Australia, it is estimated that the direct and indirect effects of parasite infestation cost the animal production industries hundreds of millions of dollars each year. The main factors considered by immunologists when studying gastrointestinal nematode infections are the effects the host's response has on the parasite, which immunological components are responsible for these effects, genetic factors involved in controlling immunological responses, and the interactions between these forming an interconnecting multilevel relationship. In this paper, we describe the roles of immunoglobulins, in particular IgA and IgE, and the major histocompatibility complex in resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in sheep. We also draw evidence from other animal models to support the involvement of these immune components. Finally, we examine how IgA and IgE exert their influence and how methods may be developed to manage susceptible animals.
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Piedrafita D, Raadsma HW, Gonzalez J, Meeusen E. Increased production through parasite control: can ancient breeds of sheep teach us new lessons? Trends Parasitol 2010; 26:568-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Knight JS, Baird DB, Hein WR, Pernthaner A. The gastrointestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis down-regulates immune gene expression in migratory cells in afferent lymph. BMC Immunol 2010; 11:51. [PMID: 20950493 PMCID: PMC2970587 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are the predominant cause of economic losses in sheep. Infections are controlled almost exclusively by the use of anthelmintics which has lead to the selection of drug resistant nematode strains. An alternative control approach would be the induction of protective immunity to these parasites. This study exploits an ovine microarray biased towards immune genes, an artificially induced immunity model and the use of pseudo-afferent lymphatic cannulation to sample immune cells draining from the intestine, to investigate possible mechanisms involved in the development of immunity. Results During the development of immunity to, and a subsequent challenge infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, the transcript levels of 2603 genes of cells trafficking in afferent intestinal lymph were significantly modulated (P < 0.05). Of these, 188 genes were modulated more than 1.3-fold and involved in immune function. Overall, there was a clear trend for down-regulation of many genes involved in immune functions including antigen presentation, caveolar-mediated endocytosis and protein ubiquitination. The transcript levels of TNF receptor associated factor 5 (TRAF5), hemopexin (HPX), cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1), the major histocompatability complex Class II protein (HLA-DMA), interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), ephrin A1 (EFNA1) and selenoprotein S (SELS) were modulated to the greatest degree. Conclusions This report describes gene expression profiles of afferent lymph cells in sheep developing immunity to nematode infection. Results presented show a global down-regulation of the expression of immune genes which may be reflective of the natural temporal response to nematode infections in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Knight
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Nutritional sensitivity of periparturient resistance to nematode parasites in two breeds of sheep with different nutrient demands. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1477-86. [PMID: 20691124 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to parasites in mammals is sensitive to both metabolisable protein (MP) supply and animal genotype (different reproductive outputs). We tested the hypothesis that the sensitivity of PPRI to MP scarcity would not differ between different levels of reproductive output when nutrient intake is adjusted for associated differences in MP demand; this hypothesis assumes that PPRI has a nutritional basis only. Scottish Blackface (BF) and the more productive Mule (MU) ewes were infected with the abomasal parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta, and from day -21 to day 32 (day 0 is parturition), they were fed restrictedly at either 0.8 (low protein (LP)) or 1.3 (high protein (HP)) times their breed-specific estimated MP requirement (n 18 for each breed-feeding treatment combination). During late pregnancy, LP feeding reduced ewe body weight gain in both breeds, tended to increase faecal egg count (FEC), but it did not affect plasma pepsinogen. During lactation, LP feeding reduced litter growth rate and ewe plasma urea and plasma albumin concentrations compared with HP feeding in both breeds. However, breed and feeding treatment interacted for ewe FEC, worm egg excretion and plasma pepsinogen, which were higher for the LP-MU ewes compared with the HP-MU and BF ewes. The lower degree of PPRI of the BF ewes during lactation compared with the MU ewes at a similar degree of MP scarcity suggests that the effect of reproductive output on nutritional sensitivity of PPRI cannot be explained by associated differences in nutrient demand only.
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Guedes M, Zacharias F, Couto R, Portela R, Santos L, Santos S, Pedroza K, Peixoto A, López J, Mendonça-Lima F. Maternal transference of passive humoral immunity to Haemonchus contortus in goats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 136:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Williams AR, Karlsson LJE, Palmer DG, Vercoe PE, Williams IH, Greeff JC, Emery DL. Relationships between faecal dry matter, worm burdens and inflammatory mediators and cells in parasite-resistant Merino rams. Vet Parasitol 2010; 171:263-72. [PMID: 20430531 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated scouring due to ingested parasite larvae is a major concern for sheep producers in Mediterranean climates. We investigated immune-mediated scouring in parasite-resistant Merino sheep in Australia. Forty-adult, parasite-resistant Merino rams were judged to be either susceptible or non-susceptible to immune-mediated scouring on the basis of dag scores taken under field conditions. We hypothesised that the susceptible rams would have lower faecal dry matter during larval challenge than non-susceptible rams and that, at post-mortem examination, inflammatory mediators and granulocytes would be negatively correlated with both faecal dry matter and worm numbers. In pens, the rams received a dose of 500 Teladorsagia circumcincta L(3) and 500 Trichostrongylus colubriformis L(3) each day for 6 weeks before euthanasia. Ten rams acted as unchallenged controls. Challenging sheep with larvae reduced faecal dry matter at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after challenge began and the greatest reductions were with the sheep susceptible to scouring. The sheep showed good resistance to the parasite challenge as evidenced by low faecal worm egg counts and low total worm counts at post-mortem, with the numbers of T. colubriformis particularly low. Sheep with low faecal dry matter had significantly higher numbers of eosinophils in small intestine tissue. Sheep with low total worm counts had significantly higher levels of bradykinin in abomasum mucus. Sheep with more granulocytes in tissue and inflammatory mediators in mucus tended to have fewer numbers of T. circumcincta but there was little relationship with numbers of T. colubriformis. Our results show that dag scores are correlated to a reduction in faecal dry matter, which can be attributed to the challenge with infective parasite larvae. Inflammation during worm infection is associated with rejection of the worm challenge and may result in more fluid faeces and consequently diarrhoea. Therefore, sheep breeders should focus on breeding for both low worm egg counts and also low dag scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Williams
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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MacKINNON KM, ZAJAC AM, KOOYMAN FNJ, NOTTER DR. Differences in immune parameters are associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Caribbean hair sheep. Parasite Immunol 2010; 32:484-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Williams AR, Palmer DG, Williams IH, Vercoe PE, Emery DL, Karlsson LJE. Relationships between immune indicators of parasitic gastroenteritis, nematode burdens and faecal dry matter in sheep. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/an09144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated scouring in sheep is a mucosal hypersensitivity response caused by ingesting infective parasite larvae. In this experiment we tested the hypothesis that levels of parasite-specific antibodies and also interleukin-5 (IL-5) would be negatively correlated with worm numbers, but also faecal dry matter (FDM), in parasite-resistant Merino sheep. Forty Merino rams were challenged with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta larvae every day for 6 weeks, after which they were euthanised and total worm burdens determined. Faecal samples were taken for measurement of worm egg counts and FDM. Serum was collected from the rams before and after the larval challenge commenced, and levels of ovine immunoglobulin light chain, IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE specific for T. colubriformis and T. circumcincta as well as IL-5 were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-5 and all serum antibodies apart from T. colubriformis-specific light chain were significantly increased by the larval challenge. However, none of the antibodies, or IL-5, was correlated with FDM. Negative correlations were observed between the number of adult T. circumcincta and antibody levels; however, there was little relationship between antibodies and numbers of T. colubriformis. It was concluded that serum antibody levels are a poor indicator of the susceptibility of sheep to immune-mediated scouring. Because of these results, sheep breeders should continue to select for low worm egg count and focus on phenotypic indicators of scouring, such as dags, as a means to reduce diarrhoea.
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Zarlenga DS, Gasbarre LC. From parasite genomes to one healthy world: Are we having fun yet? Vet Parasitol 2009; 163:235-49. [PMID: 19560277 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In 1990, the Human Genome Sequencing Project was established. This laid the ground work for an explosion of sequence data that has since followed. As a result of this effort, the first complete genome of an animal, Caenorhabditis elegans was published in 1998. The sequence of Drosophila melanogaster was made available in March, 2000 and in the following year, working drafts of the human genome were generated with the completed sequence (92%) being released in 2003. Recent advancements and next-generation technologies have made sequencing common place and have infiltrated every aspect of biological research, including parasitology. To date, sequencing of 32 apicomplexa and 24 nematode genomes are either in progress or near completion, and over 600k nematode EST and 200k apicomplexa EST submissions fill the databases. However, the winds have shifted and efforts are now refocusing on how best to store, mine and apply these data to problem solving. Herein we tend not to summarize existing X-omics datasets or present new technological advances that promise future benefits. Rather, the information to follow condenses up-to-date-applications of existing technologies to problem solving as it relates to parasite research. Advancements in non-parasite systems are also presented with the proviso that applications to parasite research are in the making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante S Zarlenga
- USDA, ARS, ANRI Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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