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Gao S, Du J, Tian Z, Niu Q, Huang D, Wang J, Luo J, Liu G, Yin H. A SYBR green I-based quantitative RT-PCR assay for bovine ephemeral fever virus and its utility for evaluating viral kinetics in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 32:44-50. [PMID: 31845623 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719895460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a SYBR green I-based reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Analytical sensitivity of the assay was ~ 100 times higher than conventional RT-PCR. The precision of the RT-qPCR established for RNA standards was high, with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 0.23-0.89% and 0.23-1.02%, respectively. The test was highly specific for BEFV strains, with no cross-reactivity with other viruses of veterinary significance. The assay detected BEFV RNA as early as 1 d post-infection (dpi) and up to 7-8 dpi in the blood samples of experimentally infected cattle. The most stable reference gene, peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), was selected for the quantification of BEFV. Viral RNA loads reached peak level at 3-5 dpi and then decreased rapidly through 7-8 dpi. Our assay provides a reliable approach for the detection of BEFV in the early infection stage and for use in the profiling of BEFV kinetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Dexuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Jidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
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Barigye R, Melville LF, Davis S, Walsh S, Hunt N, Hunt R. Kinetics of selected plasma cytokines during innate-adaptive immune response transition in adult cattle infected with the bovine ephemeral fever virus. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:111-6. [PMID: 27016765 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While virus neutralizing antibodies are known to be variably protective against bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus (BEFV) infections, the cytokine events that mediate the nascent adaptive immune response have not been defined in cattle. This study determined the plasma kinetics of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 during the period of innate-immune response transition and evaluated the relationship between the virus neutralizing antibody response and viraemia in BEFV-infected cattle. Plasma from four virus-infected and uninfected negative control animals was tested by cytokine-specific immunoenzymatic assays, viraemia monitored by qRT-PCR, and virus neutralizing antibody titres determined using a standard protocol. Unlike the negative controls, plasma IL-6 and IL-10 were increased in all the virus-infected animals starting several days prior to initiation of viraemia. In one animal, plasma IL-2 and IFN-γ were consistently higher than in the other three virus-infected animals and the negative control mean. The animal with the strongest IL-2 and IFN-γ responses had the shortest viraemia while the heifer with the lowest IL-2/IFN-γ indices demonstrated the longest viraemia. Evidently, increase in plasma IL-6 and IL-10 precedes seroconversion during BEFV infections in cattle suggesting the two cytokines may influence immunological events that pave way to B-cell activation and seroconversion. While there is remarkable variability in IL-2 and IFN-γ expression amongst BEFV-infected animals, increased plasma levels of the two cytokines appear to be associated with a shorter viraemia. Ongoing studies will help define the precise role of T cells in anti-BEFV adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barigye
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia.
| | - L F Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - S Walsh
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - N Hunt
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - R Hunt
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
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