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Phengchat R, Pakparnich P, Pethrak C, Pengon J, Sartsanga C, Chotiwan N, Uppakara K, Suksirisawat K, Lambrechts L, Jupatanakul N. Differential intra-host infection kinetics in Aedes aegypti underlie superior transmissibility of African relative to Asian Zika virus. mSphere 2023; 8:e0054523. [PMID: 37943061 PMCID: PMC10732021 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00545-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas highlights its potential public health threat. While the Asian ZIKV lineage has been identified as the main cause of the epidemic, the African lineage, which has been primarily confined to Africa, has shown evidence of higher transmissibility in Aedes mosquitoes. To gain a deeper understanding of this differential transmissibility, our study employed a combination of tissue-level infection kinetics and single-cell-level infection kinetics using in situ immunofluorescent staining. We discovered that the African ZIKV lineage propagates more rapidly and spreads more efficiently within mosquito cells and tissues than its Asian counterpart. This information lays the groundwork for future exploration of the viral and host determinants driving these variations in propagation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinyaporn Phengchat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Phonchanan Pakparnich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatpong Pethrak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jutharat Pengon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Channarong Sartsanga
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nunya Chotiwan
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Uppakara
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Suksirisawat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Natapong Jupatanakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France
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2
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Chakravarty A, Panchagnula MV, Patankar NA. Inhalation of virus-loaded droplets as a clinically plausible pathway to deep lung infection. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1073165. [PMID: 36744036 PMCID: PMC9892651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1073165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, preliminarily infect the nasopharyngeal mucosa. The mechanism of infection spread from the nasopharynx to the deep lung-which may cause a severe infection-is, however, still unclear. We propose a clinically plausible mechanism of infection spread to the deep lung through droplets, present in the nasopharynx, inhaled and transported into the lower respiratory tract. A coupled mathematical model of droplet, virus transport and virus infection kinetics is exercised to demonstrate clinically observed times to deep lung infection. The model predicts, in agreement with clinical observations, that severe infection can develop in the deep lung within 2.5-7 days of initial symptom onset. Results indicate that while fluid dynamics plays an important role in transporting the droplets, infection kinetics and immune responses determine infection growth and resolution. Immune responses, particularly antibodies and T-lymphocytes, are observed to be critically important for preventing infection severity. This reinforces the role of vaccination in preventing severe infection. Managing aerosolization of infected nasopharyngeal mucosa is additionally suggested as a strategy for minimizing infection spread and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranyak Chakravarty
- School of Nuclear Studies and Application, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India,Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mahesh V. Panchagnula
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Neelesh A. Patankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Neelesh A. Patankar,
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3
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Molenberghs F, Verschuuren M, Barbier M, Bogers JJ, Cools N, Delputte P, Schelhaas M, De Vos WH. Cells infected with human papilloma pseudovirus display nuclear reorganization and heterogenous infection kinetics. Cytometry A 2022; 101:1035-1048. [PMID: 35668549 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small, non-enveloped DNA viruses, which upon chronic infection can provoke cervical and head-and-neck cancers. Although the infectious life cycle of HPV has been studied and a vaccine is available for the most prevalent cancer-causing HPV types, there are no antiviral agents to treat infected patients. Hence, there is a need for novel therapeutic entry points and a means to identify them. In this work, we have used high-content microscopy to quantitatively investigate the early phase of HPV infection. Human cervical cancer cells and immortalized keratinocytes were exposed to pseudoviruses (PsV) of the widespread HPV type 16, in which the viral genome was replaced by a pseudogenome encoding a fluorescent reporter protein. Using the fluorescent signal as readout, we measured differences in infection between cell lines, which directly correlated with host cell proliferation rate. Parallel multiparametric analysis of nuclear organization revealed that HPV PsV infection alters nuclear organization and inflates promyelocytic leukemia protein body content, positioning these events at the early stage of HPV infection, upstream of viral replication. Time-resolved analysis revealed a marked heterogeneity in infection kinetics even between two daughter cells, which we attribute to differences in viral load. Consistent with the requirement for mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown, pharmacological inhibition of the cell cycle dramatically blunted infection efficiency. Thus, by systematic image-based single cell analysis, we revealed phenotypic alterations that accompany HPV PsV infection in individual cells, and which may be relevant for therapeutic drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Molenberghs
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marlies Verschuuren
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michaël Barbier
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Simply Complex Lab, UNAM, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Johannes J Bogers
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mario Schelhaas
- Institute of Cellular Virology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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Nilsson AS. Cocktail, a Computer Program for Modelling Bacteriophage Infection Kinetics. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112483. [PMID: 36366581 PMCID: PMC9695944 DOI: 10.3390/v14112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocktail is an easy-to-use computer program for mathematical modelling of bacteriophage (phage) infection kinetics in a chemostat. The infection of bacteria by phages results in complicated dynamic processes as both have the ability to multiply and change during the course of an infection. There is a need for a simple way to visualise these processes, not least due to the increased interest in phage therapy. Cocktail is completely self-contained and runs on a Windows 64-bit operating system. By changing the publicly available source code, the program can be developed in the directions that users see fit. Cocktail's models consist of coupled differential equations that describe the infection of a bacterium in a vessel by one or two (interfering) phages. In the models, the bacterial population can be controlled by sixteen parameters, for example, through different growth rates, phage resistance, metabolically inactive cells or biofilm formation. The phages can be controlled by eight parameters each, such as different adsorption rates or latency periods. As the models in Cocktail describe the infection kinetics of phages in vitro, the program is primarily intended to generate hypotheses, but the results can however be indicative in the application of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders S Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Lazzaro BP, Tate AT. Balancing sensitivity, risk, and immunopathology in immune regulation. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2022; 50:100874. [PMID: 35051619 PMCID: PMC9133098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Activation of an immune response is energetically costly and excessive immune system activity can result in immunopathology, yet a slow or insufficient immune response carries the risk of pathogen establishment with consequent pathology arising from the infection. Mathematical theory and empirical data demonstrate that hosts balance the costs of immunity against the risk of infection by closely regulating immunological dynamics. An optimal immune system is rapidly and robustly deployed against a true infectious threat and rapidly deactivated once the threat has been controlled. Genetic variation in the sensitivity of an immune system, as well as in the activation and shutdown kinetics of host immune responses, can contribute to the evolution of pathogen virulence and host tolerance of infection. Improved understanding of the adaptive forces that operate on immune regulatory dynamics will clarify fundamental principles governing the evolution and maintenance of innate immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Lazzaro
- Departments of Entomology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Ann T Tate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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6
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Lozano-Arias D, García-Alzate R, Tineo E, Viettri M, Mendoza-León A, Aguilar CM, Morocoima A, Ferrer E, Herrera L. Ecopathogenic complexes of American trypanosomiasis in endemic areas of Venezuela: Diagnosis and variability of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Vector Borne Dis 2021; 58:18-27. [PMID: 34818859 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.321749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis, has been reported in 180 mammalian species and 154 triatomines species of Neotropic. This is a clonal parasite with variable biological behaviour, associated with the genetics of the parasite and its hosts. To know the eco-pathogenic complex of this zoonosis, it was proposed to characterize T. cruzi isolates obtained from triatomines and domestic, peridomestic and wild mammals of the eastern and central-western regions of Venezuela. METHODS The positivity to T. cruzi was established and the isolates were genetically characterized by PCR amplification of the mini-exon gene, the DNA coding for 24Sa and 18S rRNA, and polymorphic sequences-RFLPs. The sampling sites were georeferenced using the MapSource Software and ArcGis 9.3 programs to generate distribution maps of the isolates. RESULTS Of the 460 hosts (205 triatomines and 255 mammals), 49% were positive for the parasite. On the other hand, 38 isolates obtained from the triatomines and 23 isolates obtained from mammals were evaluated. The TcI genotype predominated in most of the isolates; however, in those obtained from triatomines the presence of the TcIII genotype in single infections and TcI + TcIII or TcI + TcIV in mixed infections was also evidenced. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION There is a possibility that the triatomines act as biological syringes for these genotypes associated exclusively to them. The heterogeneity in T. cruzi isolates demonstrated the complexity of parasitosis in these regions, presenting its control and prevention as a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Lozano-Arias
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela; Fundación Universitaria Sanmartín. Sede Puerto Colombia. Atlántico-Colombia
| | - Roberto García-Alzate
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela; Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Evelyn Tineo
- Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas. la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador (UPEL), Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Alexis Mendoza-León
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Cruz M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
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7
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Marana MH, Schmidt JG, Biacchesi S, Lorenzen N, Jørgensen LVG. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a model for real-time studies of propagating VHS virus infection, tissue tropism and neutrophil activity. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:563-571. [PMID: 33170959 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that infects more than 140 different fish species. In this study, zebrafish larvae were employed as in vivo model organisms to investigate progression of disease, the correlation between propagation of the infection and irreversibility of disease, cell tropism and in situ neutrophil activity towards the VHSV-infected cells. A recombinant VHSV strain, encoding "tomato" fluorescence (rVHSV-Tomato), was used in zebrafish to be able to follow the progress of the infection in the live host in real-time. Two-day-old zebrafish larvae were injected into the yolk sac with the recombinant virus. The virus titre peaked 96 hr post-infection in zebrafish larvae kept at 18°C, and correlated with 33% mortality and high morbidity among the larvae. By utilizing the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(fli1:GFP)y1 with fluorescently tagged endothelial cells, we were able to demonstrate that the virus initially infected endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. By observing the rVHSV-Tomato infection in the neutrophil reporter zebrafish line Tg(MPX:eGFP)i114 , we inferred that only a subpopulation of the neutrophils responded to the virus infection. We conclude that the zebrafish larvae are suitable for real-time studies of VHS virus infections, allowing in vivo dissection of host-virus interactions at the whole organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonika Haahr Marana
- Section of Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Günther Schmidt
- Unit for Fish and Shellfish Diseases, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Lorenzen
- Unit for Fish and Shellfish Diseases, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen
- Section of Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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8
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Grenga L, Gallais F, Pible O, Gaillard JC, Gouveia D, Batina H, Bazaline N, Ruat S, Culotta K, Miotello G, Debroas S, Roncato MA, Steinmetz G, Foissard C, Desplan A, Alpha-Bazin B, Almunia C, Gas F, Bellanger L, Armengaud J. Shotgun proteomics analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and how it can optimize whole viral particle antigen production for vaccines. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1712-1721. [PMID: 32619390 PMCID: PMC7473198 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1791737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic and is continuing to spread rapidly around the globe. No effective vaccine is currently available to prevent COVID-19, and intense efforts are being invested worldwide into vaccine development. In this context, all technology platforms must overcome several challenges resulting from the use of an incompletely characterized new virus. These include finding the right conditions for virus amplification for the development of vaccines based on inactivated or attenuated whole viral particles. Here, we describe a shotgun tandem mass spectrometry workflow, the data produced can be used to guide optimization of the conditions for viral amplification. In parallel, we analysed the changes occurring in the host cell proteome following SARS-CoV-2 infection to glean information on the biological processes modulated by the virus that could be further explored as potential drug targets to deal with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Fabrice Gallais
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Olivier Pible
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Duarte Gouveia
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Hélène Batina
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Niza Bazaline
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Sylvie Ruat
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Karen Culotta
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Stéphanie Debroas
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Marie-Anne Roncato
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Gérard Steinmetz
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Charlotte Foissard
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Anne Desplan
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Fabienne Gas
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Laurent Bellanger
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPIBagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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9
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Arias-Del-Angel JA, Manning-Cela RG, Santillán M. Dynamics of Mammalian Cell Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:559660. [PMID: 33133034 PMCID: PMC7561671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.559660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent work we demonstrated that Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes change their motility patterns in the presence of mammalian cells, that the extent of the changes depends on the cell line, and that this extent is positively correlated with the efficiency with which parasites invade the different cell lines. These results open the question of what cellular characteristics are relevant for parasite identification and invasion. In the present work, we tackled such question. We performed infection-kinetics experiments on various cell lines, and developed a mathematical model to simulate the experimental outcomes. An analysis of the cell-parasite mechanisms included in the model, together with the parameter values that allowed it to replicate the experimental results, suggests that a process related to the cell replication rate may strongly influence the parasite invasion efficiency, and the infection dynamics in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Arias-Del-Angel
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rebeca G Manning-Cela
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Santillán
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Monterrey, Mexico
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10
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Flannery J, Frost L, Fay P, Hicks H, Henstock M, Smreczak M, Orłowska A, Rajko-Nenow P, Darpel K, Batten C. BTV-14 Infection in Sheep Elicits Viraemia with Mild Clinical Symptoms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E892. [PMID: 32545731 PMCID: PMC7355590 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2011, Bluetongue virus serotype 14 (BTV-14) was detected in Russia during routine surveillance, and was subsequently found in a number of European countries. The strain had high sequence similarity to a BTV-14 vaccine strain. We aimed to determine the risk of this BTV-14 strain causing disease in a UK sheep breed. Four Poll Dorset sheep were infected with a Polish isolate of BTV-14 and infection kinetics were monitored over 28 days. BTV RNA was detected in EDTA blood by 4 days post-infection (dpi) and remained detectable at 28 days post-infection (dpi). Peak viraemia occurred at 6 and 7 dpi with Ct values ranging between 24.6 and 27.3 in all infected animals. BTV antibodies were detected by 10 dpi using a commercial ELISA and neutralising antibodies were detected from 10 dpi. BTV was isolated between 6 and 12 dpi. All infected sheep developed mild clinical signs such as reddening of conjunctiva and mucosal membranes, with one sheep demonstrating more overt clinical signs. Two uninoculated control animals remained clinically healthy and did not have detectable BTV RNA or antibodies. The overall mild clinical symptoms caused by this BTV-14 in this highly susceptible sheep breed were in accordance with the asymptomatic infections observed in the affected countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Flannery
- Non-Vesicular Reference Laboratories, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.F.); (P.F.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (P.R.-N.); (K.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Lorraine Frost
- Non-Vesicular Reference Laboratories, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.F.); (P.F.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (P.R.-N.); (K.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Petra Fay
- Non-Vesicular Reference Laboratories, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.F.); (P.F.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (P.R.-N.); (K.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Hayley Hicks
- Non-Vesicular Reference Laboratories, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.F.); (P.F.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (P.R.-N.); (K.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Mark Henstock
- Non-Vesicular Reference Laboratories, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.F.); (P.F.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (P.R.-N.); (K.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Marcin Smreczak
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Orłowska
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Paulina Rajko-Nenow
- Non-Vesicular Reference Laboratories, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.F.); (P.F.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (P.R.-N.); (K.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Karin Darpel
- Non-Vesicular Reference Laboratories, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.F.); (P.F.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (P.R.-N.); (K.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Carrie Batten
- Non-Vesicular Reference Laboratories, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (L.F.); (P.F.); (H.H.); (M.H.); (P.R.-N.); (K.D.); (C.B.)
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11
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Gao S, Du J, Tian Z, Niu Q, Huang D, Wang J, Luo J, Liu G, Yin H. A SYBR green I-based quantitative RT-PCR assay for bovine ephemeral fever virus and its utility for evaluating viral kinetics in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 32:44-50. [PMID: 31845623 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719895460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a SYBR green I-based reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Analytical sensitivity of the assay was ~ 100 times higher than conventional RT-PCR. The precision of the RT-qPCR established for RNA standards was high, with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 0.23-0.89% and 0.23-1.02%, respectively. The test was highly specific for BEFV strains, with no cross-reactivity with other viruses of veterinary significance. The assay detected BEFV RNA as early as 1 d post-infection (dpi) and up to 7-8 dpi in the blood samples of experimentally infected cattle. The most stable reference gene, peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), was selected for the quantification of BEFV. Viral RNA loads reached peak level at 3-5 dpi and then decreased rapidly through 7-8 dpi. Our assay provides a reliable approach for the detection of BEFV in the early infection stage and for use in the profiling of BEFV kinetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Dexuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Jidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
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12
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Turkki P, Laajala M, Stark M, Vandesande H, Sallinen-Dal Maso H, Shroff S, Sävneby A, Galitska G, Lindberg AM, Marjomäki V. Slow Infection due to Lowering the Amount of Intact versus Empty Particles Is a Characteristic Feature of Coxsackievirus B5 Dictated by the Structural Proteins. J Virol 2019; 93:e01130-19. [PMID: 31375587 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01130-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus B species typically cause a rapid cytolytic infection leading to efficient release of progeny viruses. However, they are also capable of persistent infections in tissues, which are suggested to contribute to severe chronic states such as myocardial inflammation and type 1 diabetes. In order to understand the factors contributing to differential infection strategies, we constructed a chimera by combining the capsid proteins from fast-cytolysis-causing echovirus 1 (EV1) with nonstructural proteins from coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5), which shows persistent infection in RD cells. The results showed that the chimera behaved similarly to parental EV1, leading to efficient cytolysis in both permissive A549 and semipermissive RD cells. In contrast to EV1 and the chimera, CVB5 replicated slowly in permissive cells and showed persistent infection in semipermissive cells. However, there was no difference in the efficiency of uptake of CVB5 in A549 or RD cells in comparison to the chimera or EV1. CVB5 batches constantly contained significant amounts of empty capsids, also in comparison to CVB5's close relative CVB3. During successive passaging of batches containing only intact CVB5, increasing amounts of empty and decreasing amounts of infective capsids were produced. Our results demonstrate that the increase in the amount of empty particles and the lowering of the amount of infective particles are dictated by the CVB5 structural proteins, leading to slowing down of the infection between passages. Furthermore, the key factor for persistent infection is the small amount of infective particles produced, not the high number of empty particles that accumulate.IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses cause several severe diseases, with lytic infections that lead to rapid cell death but also persistent infections that are more silent and lead to chronic states of infection. Our study compared a cytolytic echovirus 1 infection to persistent coxsackievirus B5 infection by making a chimera with the structural proteins of echovirus 1 and the nonstructural proteins of coxsackievirus B5. Coxsackievirus B5 infection was found to lead to the production of a high number of empty viruses (empty capsids) that do not contain genetic material and are unable to continue the infection. Coinciding with the high number of empty capsids, the amount of infective virions decreased. This characteristic property was not observed in the constructed chimera virus, suggesting that structural proteins are in charge of these phenomena. These results shed light on the mechanisms that may cause persistent infections. Understanding events leading to efficient or inefficient infections is essential in understanding virus-caused pathologies.
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Flannery J, Sanz-Bernardo B, Ashby M, Brown H, Carpenter S, Cooke L, Corla A, Frost L, Gubbins S, Hicks H, Qureshi M, Rajko-Nenow P, Sanders C, Tully M, Bréard E, Sailleau C, Zientara S, Darpel K, Batten C. Evidence of reduced viremia, pathogenicity and vector competence in a re-emerging European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1177-1185. [PMID: 30661301 PMCID: PMC6563110 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 (BTV-8) during 2006-2009 in Europe was the most costly epidemic of the virus in recorded history. In 2015, a BTV-8 strain re-emerged in France which has continued to circulate since then. To examine anecdotal reports of reduced pathogenicity and transmission efficiency, we investigated the infection kinetics of a 2007 UK BTV-8 strain alongside the re-emerging BTV-8 strain isolated from France in 2017. Two groups of eight BTV-naïve British mule sheep were inoculated with 5.75 log10 TCID50 /ml of either BTV-8 strain. BTV RNA was detected by 2 dpi in both groups with peak viraemia occurring between 5-9 dpi. A significantly greater amount of BTV RNA was detected in sheep infected with the 2007 strain (6.0-8.8 log10 genome copies/ml) than the re-emerging BTV-8 strain (2.9-7.9 log10 genome copies/ml). All infected sheep developed BTV-specific antibodies by 9 dpi. BTV was isolated from 2 dpi to 12 dpi for 2007 BTV-8-inoculated sheep and from 5 to 10 dpi for sheep inoculated with the remerging BTV-8. In Culicoides sonorensis feeding on the sheep over the period 7-12 dpi, vector competence was significantly higher for the 2007 strain than the re-emerging strain. Both the proportion of animals showing moderate (as opposed to mild or no) clinical disease (6/8 vs. 1/8) and the overall clinical scores (median 5.25 vs. 3) were significantly higher in sheep infected with the 2007 strain, compared to those infected with the re-emerging strain. However, one sheep infected with the re-emerging strain was euthanized at 16 dpi having developed severe lameness. This highlights the potential of the re-emerging BTV-8 to still cause illness in naïve ruminants with concurrent costs to the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Bréard
- Université Paris-Est ANSES Alfort, UMR 1161 ANSES/INRA/ENVA,, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- Université Paris-Est ANSES Alfort, UMR 1161 ANSES/INRA/ENVA,, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stephan Zientara
- Université Paris-Est ANSES Alfort, UMR 1161 ANSES/INRA/ENVA,, Maisons-Alfort, France
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14
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da Silva SR, Cheng F, Huang IC, Jung JU, Gao SJ. Efficiencies and kinetics of infection in different cell types/lines by African and Asian strains of Zika virus. J Med Virol 2019; 91:179-189. [PMID: 30192399 PMCID: PMC6294704 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
After recent outbreaks, Zika virus (ZIKV) was linked to severe neurological diseases including Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in newborns. The severities of pathological manifestations have been associated with different ZIKV strains. To better understand the tropism of ZIKV, we infected 10 human and four nonhuman cell lines (types) with two African (IbH30656 and MR766) and two Asian (PRVABC59 and H/FP/2013) ZIKV strains. Cell susceptibility to ZIKV infection was determined by examining viral titers, synthesis of viral proteins, and replication of positive and negative strands of viral genome. Among nonhuman cell lines, only Vero cells were efficiently infected by ZIKV. Among human cell lines, all were permissive to ZIKV infection. However, 293T and HeLa cells showed differential susceptibility towards African strains. In 293T cells, the NS1 protein was expressed at the high level by African strains but was almost not expressed by Asian strains though there was no obvious difference in viral genome replication, suggesting that the differential susceptibility might be controlled at the stage of viral protein translation. This study provides comprehensive results of the permissiveness of different cell types to both African and Asian ZIKV strains, which might help clarify their different pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzane Ramos da Silva
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - I-Chueh Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Shou-Jiang Gao, Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Phone: 412-623-1000; Fax: 412-623-3355;
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15
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Putty K, Shaik AM, Peera SJ, Reddy YN, Rao PP, Patil SR, Reddy MS, Susmitha B, Jyothi JS. Infection kinetics and antibody responses in Deccani sheep during experimental infection and superinfection with bluetongue virus serotypes 4 and 16. Vet World 2019; 12:41-47. [PMID: 30936652 PMCID: PMC6431802 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.41-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current study was designed to understand the infection kinetics and antibody responses of major circulating serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) in India, i.e., BTV-4 and BTV-16 through experimental infection and superinfection of Deccani sheep, a popular breed of sheep found in the southern states of India. Materials and Methods: Experimental infection with 106 TCID50/ml BTV-4 was followed by superinfection with BTV-16 and vice versa. Along with observing for clinical signs and immunological responses in the experimentally infected sheep, the effect of infection of one specific serotype on the outcome of superinfection with a different serotype was also studied. Results: Certain interesting findings have been made in the course of experimental infection, such as prominent signs of infection in BTV-4 infection, mild or no clinical signs in BTV-16-infected and superinfected animals, and non-seroconversion of one of the BTV-16-superinfected animals. In addition, BTV was isolated from infected sheep in all the experimental conditions except BTV-16 superinfection. Furthermore, it was observed that immune response in the form of type-specific antibodies was slower with BTV-16 superinfection. Conclusion: Superinfection of a sheep with more than one serotype of BTV is a common phenomenon in BT endemic countries like India. Such situation was replicated in an experimental infection in the current study, and the findings to our knowledge are first of a kind and are likely to aid in unfolding the newer aspects of BTV pathogenesis and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Putty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, P V Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Abdul Muzeer Shaik
- Veterinary Dispensary, Department of Animal Husbandry, Labbipet, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Jahangeer Peera
- Veterinary Dispensary, Department of Animal Husbandry, Labbipet, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Y Narasimha Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, P V Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P P Rao
- Biovet, KIADB Industrial Area, Malur, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil R Patil
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, P V Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M Shreekanth Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, P V Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B Susmitha
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - J Shiva Jyothi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, P V Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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16
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Healy SP, Brown LD, Hagstrom MR, Foil LD, Macaluso KR. Effect of Rickettsia felis Strain Variation on Infection, Transmission, and Fitness in the Cat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol 2017; 54:1037-1043. [PMID: 28399259 PMCID: PMC5850810 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsia felis is a human pathogen transmitted by the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (str. LSU), as well as an obligate symbiont of the parthenogenic booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) (str. LSU-Lb). The influence of genetic variability in these two strains of R. felis on host specialization and fitness and possible resulting differences on infection and transmission kinetics in C. felis is unknown. Utilizing an artificial host system, cat fleas were exposed to a R. felis str. LSU-Lb-infected bloodmeal and monitored for infection at 7-d intervals for 28 d. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine rickettsial load and infection density in newly exposed cat fleas, and transmission frequency between cat fleas. The effect of persistent R. felis infection on cat flea F1 progeny was also assessed. At 7 d postexposure 76.7% of the cat fleas successfully acquired R. felis str. LSU-Lb. In R. felis str. LSU-Lb-exposed cat fleas, the mean infection load (6.15 × 106), infection density (0.76), and infection prevalence (91/114) were significantly greater than R. felis str. LSU infection load (3.09 × 106), infection density (0.68), and infection prevalence (76/113). A persistent R. felis str. LSU-Lb infection was detected for 28 d in adult cat fleas but neither female:male ratio distortion nor vertical transmission was observed in F1 progeny. While infection kinetics differed, with higher intensity associated with R. felis str. LSU-Lb, no distinct phenotype was observed in the F1 progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Healy
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Vector-Borne Disease Laboratories, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (; ; ; )
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 ()
| | - Lisa D. Brown
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Vector-Borne Disease Laboratories, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (; ; ; )
- Current address: Department of Biological Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Melena R. Hagstrom
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Vector-Borne Disease Laboratories, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (; ; ; )
- Current address: Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Lane D. Foil
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 ()
| | - Kevin R. Macaluso
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Vector-Borne Disease Laboratories, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (; ; ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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