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Ferrer E, Aguilar CM, Viettri M, Torrellas A, Lares M, Diaz M, Delgado O, Feliciangeli MD, Herrera L. Chagas Disease and Leishmaniasis, Sympatric Zoonoses Present in Human from Rural Communities of Venezuela. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:616-627. [PMID: 38294711 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. coexist in several endemic areas, and there are few studies of Chagas disease and leishmaniasis coinfection worldwide; for this reason, the objective of this work was to determine the Chagas disease and leishmaniasis coinfection in several rural communities co-endemic for these diseases. METHODS A total of 1107 human samples from six co-endemic rural communities of Cojedes state, Venezuela, were analyzed. Serum samples were evaluated by ELISA, indirect hemagglutination, and indirect immunofluorescence for Chagas disease diagnosis, and individuals were evaluated for leishmaniasis by leishmanin skin test (LST). Approximately, 30% of the individuals were also analyzed by PCR (blood clot samples) for T. cruzi and for Leishmania spp. RESULTS The 14.7% of the individuals were positive to Trypanosoma cruzi infection by serology, and 25.8% were positive to Leishmania spp. current or past infection by LST. Among the group with PCR results, 7.8% were positive for T. cruzi, and 9.4% for Leishmania spp. The coinfection T. cruzi/Leishmania spp. was 6.5%. The T. cruzi DTUs of the positive blood clot samples were TcI, revealed using the molecular markers: (i) intergenic region of the miniexon, (ii) D7 divergent domain of the 24Sα rDNA, (iii) size-variable domain of the 18S rDNA, and (iv) hsp60-PCR-RFLP (EcoRV). The Leishmania species identified were L. (Leishmania) mexicana and L. (Viannia) braziliensis. CONCLUSION A high prevalence was found for T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. single and coinfections in almost all communities studied, being these results of relevance for the implementation of control programs in co-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela.
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela.
| | - Cruz M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Annhymariet Torrellas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - María Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Marietta Diaz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - Olinda Delgado
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María D Feliciangeli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
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Viettri M, Caraballo G, Sanchez ME, Espejel-Nuñez A, Betanzos A, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Nava P, Ludert JE. Comparative Infections of Zika, Dengue, and Yellow Fever Viruses in Human Cytotrophoblast-Derived Cells Suggest a Gating Role for the Cytotrophoblast in Zika Virus Placental Invasion. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0063023. [PMID: 37227282 PMCID: PMC10269719 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00630-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is teratogenic and considered a TORCH pathogen (toxoplasmosis [Toxoplasma gondii], rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus [HSV], and other microorganisms capable of crossing the blood-placenta barrier). In contrast, the related flavivirus dengue virus (DENV) and the attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine strain (YFV-17D) are not. Understanding the mechanisms used by ZIKV to cross the placenta is necessary. In this work, parallel infections with ZIKV of African and Asian lineages, DENV, and YFV-17D were compared for kinetics and growth efficiency, activation of mTOR pathways, and cytokine secretion profile using cytotrophoblast-derived HTR8 cells and monocytic U937 cells differentiated to M2 macrophages. In HTR8 cells, ZIKV replication, especially the African strain, was significantly more efficient and faster than DENV or YFV-17D. In macrophages, ZIKV replication was also more efficient, although differences between strains were reduced. Greater activation of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways in HTR8 cells infected with ZIKV than with DENV or YFV-17D was observed. HTR8 cells treated with mTOR inhibitors showed a 20-fold reduction in ZIKV yield, versus 5- and 3.5-fold reductions for DENV and YFV-17D, respectively. Finally, infection with ZIKV, but not DENV or YFV-17D, efficiently inhibited the interferon (IFN) and chemoattractant responses in both cell lines. These results suggest a gating role for the cytotrophoblast cells in favoring entry of ZIKV, but not DENV and YFV-17D, into the placental stroma. IMPORTANCE Zika virus acquisition during pregnancy is associated with severe fetal damage. The Zika virus is related to dengue virus and yellow fever virus, yet fetal damage has not been related to dengue or inadvertent vaccination for yellow fever during pregnancy. Mechanisms used by the Zika virus to cross the placenta need to be deciphered. By comparing parallel infections of Zika virus strains belonging to the African and Asian lineages, dengue virus, and the yellow fever vaccine virus strain YFV-17D in placenta-derived cytotrophoblast cells and differentiated macrophages, evidence was found that Zika virus infections, especially by the African strains, were more efficient in cytotrophoblast cells than dengue virus or yellow fever vaccine virus strain infections. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in macrophages. Robust activation of the mTOR signaling pathways and inhibition of the IFN and chemoattractant response appear to be related to the better growth capacity of the Zika viruses in the cytotrophoblast-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Viettri
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerson Caraballo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Sanchez
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Porfirio Nava
- Department of Biophysical Physiology and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan E. Ludert
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Herrera L, Morocoima A, Lozano-Arias D, García-Alzate R, Viettri M, Lares M, Ferrer E. Infections and Coinfections by Trypanosomatid Parasites in a Rural Community of Venezuela. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1015-1023. [PMID: 35013940 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Leishmania spp. are parasites that coexist in several endemic areas. The identification of these parasites in hosts is important for the control programs. METHODS 216 samples from human blood (101), blood of other mammals (45) and triatomine intestinal content and hemolymph (70), from an endemic area of Venezuela, were analysed. The samples were evaluated by; serology (only humans) and PCR for T. cruzi in human, other mammals and triatomines, PCR for T. rangeli in mammals-including human and triatomines and PCR for Leishmania in mammals-including human. RESULTS The 9.9% of the human samples were positive for T. cruzi by serology, 11.9% by PCR, 4% for T. rangeli PCR and none for Leishmania spp. PCR. 60% of the samples of other mammals showed DNA amplification for T. cruzi, 42.2% for T. rangeli and 4.4% for Leishmania spp. 61.4% of the triatomine samples showed DNA amplification for T. cruzi and 10% for T. rangeli. CONCLUSIONS High T. cruzi infection was detected in mammals and triatomines compared with T. rangeli. Low leishmanial infection was detected in other mammals. It is the first time that T. cruzi/T. rangeli coinfection, in humans, Canis familiaris (dog), and Bos Taurus (cow), were reported world-wide, and that this coinfection was described in Tamandua tetradactyla (anteater) from Venezuela. The coinfection T. cruzi/T. rangeli in mammals-including humans and triatomines, and coinfection T. cruzi/Leishmania spp. in non-human mammals, show the risk for trypanosomic zoonoses in this endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO), Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, Estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - Daisy Lozano-Arias
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
- Fundación Universitaría San Martín, Sede Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Roberto García-Alzate
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad del Atlantico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - María Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela.
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela.
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Rubio-Miranda JÁ, Cázares-Raga FE, Coy-Arechavaleta AS, Viettri M, Cortes-Martínez L, Lagunes-Guillén A, Chavez-Munguía B, Ludert JE, Hernández-Hernández FDLC. Septin 2 interacts with dengue virus replication complex proteins and participates in virus replication in mosquito cells. Virology 2022; 570:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Viettri M, Lares M, Medina M, Herrera L, Ferrer E. Evaluación de estuches comerciales para el diagnóstico inmunológico y molecular de la enfermedad de Chagas en zonas endémicas de Venezuela. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Viettri M, Lares M, Medina M, Herrera L, Ferrer E. Evaluation of commercial kits for the immunological and molecular diagnosis of Chagas disease in endemic areas of Venezuela. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 40:82-85. [PMID: 34887225 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic techniques for Chagas disease depend largely on the antigens and targets used and on the immune response and characteristics of the infection of the population where it is applied, hence the need for evaluation of the diagnostic techniques available in a given area. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate two commercial kits for the immunological and molecular diagnosis of Chagas disease in endemic areas of Venezuela. METHODS The evaluated kits were: Chagas ELISA IgG+IgM® and Speed Oligo Chagas® (Vircell®, Granada, Spain). They were evaluated with 129 samples (35 from patients in the acute phase, 33 in the chronic phase, 31 from patients with other diseases, and 30 from healthy individuals). The results were compared with those obtained in the conventional ELISA and PCR-satellite DNA tests for Trypanosoma cruzi. RESULTS With Chagas ELISA IgG+IgM® a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 93.4% were obtained, with Speed Oligo Chagas® a sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 100% were achieved, values similar to those showed by conventional ELISA and satDNA-PCR. CONCLUSION The sensitivity and specificity of the commercial kits evaluated make them suitable for the diagnosis of Chagas disease in endemic areas of Venezuela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - María Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Mehudy Medina
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Dirección General de Salud Ambiental, Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela.
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Lozano-Arias D, García-Alzate R, Tineo E, Viettri M, Mendoza-León A, Aguilar CM, Morocoima A, Ferrer E, Herrera L. Ecopathogenic complexes of American trypanosomiasis in endemic areas of Venezuela: Diagnosis and variability of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Vector Borne Dis 2021; 58:18-27. [PMID: 34818859 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.321749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis, has been reported in 180 mammalian species and 154 triatomines species of Neotropic. This is a clonal parasite with variable biological behaviour, associated with the genetics of the parasite and its hosts. To know the eco-pathogenic complex of this zoonosis, it was proposed to characterize T. cruzi isolates obtained from triatomines and domestic, peridomestic and wild mammals of the eastern and central-western regions of Venezuela. METHODS The positivity to T. cruzi was established and the isolates were genetically characterized by PCR amplification of the mini-exon gene, the DNA coding for 24Sa and 18S rRNA, and polymorphic sequences-RFLPs. The sampling sites were georeferenced using the MapSource Software and ArcGis 9.3 programs to generate distribution maps of the isolates. RESULTS Of the 460 hosts (205 triatomines and 255 mammals), 49% were positive for the parasite. On the other hand, 38 isolates obtained from the triatomines and 23 isolates obtained from mammals were evaluated. The TcI genotype predominated in most of the isolates; however, in those obtained from triatomines the presence of the TcIII genotype in single infections and TcI + TcIII or TcI + TcIV in mixed infections was also evidenced. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION There is a possibility that the triatomines act as biological syringes for these genotypes associated exclusively to them. The heterogeneity in T. cruzi isolates demonstrated the complexity of parasitosis in these regions, presenting its control and prevention as a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Lozano-Arias
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela; Fundación Universitaria Sanmartín. Sede Puerto Colombia. Atlántico-Colombia
| | - Roberto García-Alzate
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela; Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Evelyn Tineo
- Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas. la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador (UPEL), Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Alexis Mendoza-León
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Cruz M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
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López M, Herrera L, Morocoima A, Rivera MG, Viettri M, Lares M, Ferrer E. Utility of a Fluid Library with Samples of Humans, Reservoirs and Vectors Collected in Filter Paper, for Retrospective Diagnosis of American Trypanosomiasis in Endemic Areas of Venezuela. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:287-293. [PMID: 32930930 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We define a fluid library as a library of samples of different biological fluids (from humans, animals or vectors) collected and properly stored on filter paper, which allows retrospective studies, especially of diagnosis or detection of infectious agents in these samples, using different techniques. The objective of this work was the retrospective diagnosis of American trypanosomiasis by PCR in a Venezuelan endemic area using a fluid library. METHODS A fluid library with samples that had been collected on filter paper, 5 years ago, was used for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA. 165 blood samples of humans, 30 samples of 25 animals (Didelphis marsupialis, Canis familiaris, Equus asinus and Felis catus) and 8 samples of vectors from endemic areas of Anzoátegui state, were analysed by PCR. RESULTS The results revealed that 16.4% of the humans samples were positive, 11.1% of those detected positive were children younger than 10 years old, and 26.72% young people aged 11-20 years, suggesting that T. cruzi infection has been active for the past two decades. 56% of the animal samples showed amplification; Didelphis marsupialis 66%, Canis familiaris 54.5%, Equus asinus 50%, and Felis catus 33.3%. On the other hand, positivity (50%) was detected in the studied vectors, of which the 3 most important species in Venezuela (Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma maculata and Panstrongylus geniculatus) were involved. CONCLUSIONS The PCR using a fluid library allowed the detection of T. cruzi DNA in old samples from the three host of the epidemiological chain, suggesting that retrospective diagnosis can be made through this strategy and demonstrate that there has been active transmission, which helps to clarify the epidemiological situation in areas where there are no previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED)Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO), Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - María Gabriela Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED)Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED)Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - María Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED)Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED)Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Calle Cecilio Acosta, Urb. La Rinconada, Las Delicias, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela.
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Sede Aragua, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela.
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Viettri M, Herrera L, Aguilar CM, Morocoima A, Reyes J, Lares M, Lozano-Arias D, García-Alzate R, Chacón T, Feliciangeli MD, Ferrer E. Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. coinfection in mammals of Venezuelan coendemic areas. J Vector Borne Dis 2020; 56:252-262. [PMID: 32655075 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.289394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are protozoans that cause American trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, respectively. In endemic foci where both diseases coincide, coinfection can occur. The objective of this work was the characterization of the parasites involved in coinfection in several endemic areas of Venezuela. METHODS Molecular characterization was done in 30 samples of several species of mammals (Didelphis marsupialis, Equus mulus, Rattus rattus, Canis familiaris, Felis catus, and Sciurus granatensis) from the states of Anzoategui, Cojedes and Capital District diagnosed with T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. coinfections. For the typing of T. cruzi DTUs, the markers of miniexon, 24Sa rDNA, 18Sa rDNA, and hsp60-PCR-RFLP (EcoRV) were used. Infection by Leishmania spp. was characterized by miniexon multiplex PCR for complexes of Leishmania and ITS1-PCR-RFLP (HaeIII, HhaI, and RsaI) for the identification of the species. RESULTS The T. cruzi TcI was present in 100% of the coinfected mammals, which included 76.7% of triple infection by T. cruzi TcI-complex-L. (L) mexicana-L. infantum/chagasi, 13.3% of double infection by T. cruzi TcI-L. mexicana and 10% of double infection by T. cruzi Tcl-L. infantum/chagasi. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION These results suggest that the double or triple infection is a phenomenon existing in almost all the coendemics areas and mammals studied, which might influence the mechanisms of adaptation and pathogenicity of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED); Departamento de Clinico Integral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - L Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - C M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - A Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - J Reyes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Maracay, Venezuela
| | - M Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Maracay, Venezuela
| | - D Lozano-Arias
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - R García-Alzate
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - T Chacón
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M D Feliciangeli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED); Centro Nacional de Referencia de Flebótomos, BIOMED, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - E Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED); Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
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Viettri M, Herrera L, Aguilar CM, Morocoima A, Reyes J, Lares M, Lozano-Arias D, García-Alzate R, Chacón T, Feliciangeli MD, Ferrer E. Molecular diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi/Leishmania spp. coinfection in domestic, peridomestic and wild mammals of Venezuelan co-endemic areas. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018; 14:123-130. [PMID: 31014717 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis and leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoans of the Trypanosomatidae family. In Venezuela, although several endemic foci of both diseases coincide, there are no reports of coinfection in mammals. The molecular diagnosis of the coinfection T. cruzi-Leishmania spp. was done in 527 blood samples collected on filter paper of several species of mammals (Canis familiaris, Equus asinus, Didelphis marsupialis, Equus mulus, Rattus rattus, Equus caballus, Artibeus fraterculus, Felis catus, Sus scrofa, Bos taurus, Capra hircus and Sciurus granatensis) from the states Cojedes, Aragua, Anzoátegui, Guárico, Miranda and Capital District. The T. cruzi infection was determined through PCR amplification of DNA of kinetoplast minicircles (kDNA) and satellite DNA (sDNA). The Leishmania spp. infection was detected by Leishmania nested PCR (Ln-PCR), and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR (ITS1-PCR). The percentage of infection by T. cruzi was 23.5%, by Leishmania spp. 12.9% and coinfection was 5.7%. D. marsupialis was the species with the highest percentage of infection for each parasitosis (T. cruzi 34.3%, Leishmania spp. 20.0%) and coinfection (14.3%). Anzoátegui was the state with the highest percentage of infection for each parasitosis (T. cruzi 64.9%, Leishmania spp. 64.9%) and coinfection (43.2%). Infections were determined in species not reported as natural reservoirs of T. cruzi (E. asinus and E. mulus) and of Leishmania spp. (E. mulus and S. scrofa). Coinfection was a frequent phenomenon in mammals in several co-endemic zones evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela; Departamento de Clinico Integral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Cruz M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET-UC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Cojedes, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Universidad de Oriente (UDO) Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - Jesús Reyes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - María Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Daisy Lozano-Arias
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Roberto García-Alzate
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Tony Chacón
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María D Feliciangeli
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Flebótomos, BIOMED, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, estado Aragua, Venezuela.
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Rodríguez-Leo C, Camacho D, Hernández V, Viettri M, Flores C, Henríquez H, González M. Primera evidencia de Chlamydia psittaci en huron sable (Mustella putorios furo) en Venezuela. Rev Med Vet Zoot 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v65n2.75639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (Cp) is an obligate intracellular bacterium, transmitted through aerosols from nasal and optic secretions, tissues, feces, and feathers. Although commonly identified in birds, genotypes have emerged that can infect new mammalian reservoirs. Therefore, of rectal swabs samples of five Mustella putorios furo individuals and a cloacal swab sample of Colinus cristatus in captivity, in Venezuela, were tested for Cp, using the nested PCR amplifying a segment of the 16S rDNA gene. The presence of Cp was found in four asymptomatic Mustela putorios furo and one symptomatic Colinus cristatus for avian chlamydiosis, indicating a new potential reservoir for Cp. The contact with excretions of infected Colinus cristatus and Psittaciformes, as well as overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, and inadequate sanitary conditions can favor Cp infection. The total number of Cp reservoirs is unknown; therefore, the noting and molecular characterization of isolates enable the understanding, distribution, and diversity of chlamydial agents in wildlife and animals in captivity.
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Alviarez Y, Lares M, Viettri M, Aguilar CM, Herrera L, Ferrer E. [Standardization of a direct agglutination test for the immunodiagnosis of Chagas disease]. Biomedica 2015; 34:308-17. [PMID: 24967936 DOI: 10.1590/s0120-41572014000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas' disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and its immunological diagnosis is mainly based on the detection of antibodies against T. cruzi using tests such as the ELISA, the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT). The main disadvantage of the IHAT is the need to prepare sheep erythrocytes, whose availability is limited and they have a short duration once prepared. However, there are alternative tests, such as the direct agglutination test (DAT). OBJECTIVE To standardize the direct agglutination test for the diagnosis of Chagas disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes were prepared using two protocols, with and without trypsin treatment. The parasites were stained and optimal conditions for parasitic concentration and serum dilutions were determined. We evaluated the technique using sera from patients with Chagas disease, from healthy individuals and from individuals with other parasitic diseases. RESULTS The optimal parasitic concentration was 500 x 10(6) parasites/ml using stained parasites without trypsin treatment. The optimal serum dilutions were 1/25, 1/50 y 1/100 and the cut-off point was the 1/50 dilution. The diagnostic indices for the standardized technique were as follows: Sensitivity, 94.3% (95% CI: 79.5-99.0) and specificity, 96.3% (95% CI: 88.8-99.0), with positive and negative predictive values of 91.7% (95% CI: 76.4-97.8) and 97.5% (95% CI: 90.4-99.6), respectively. Cross-reaction was observed only in three sera from individuals with visceral leishmaniasis. The results were compared with those obtained by IHA, ELISA, and IFA, and the concordance rate was 96% and the kappa index, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.81-0.99). CONCLUSION The standardized direct agglutination test could be useful for immunodiagnosis of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenny Alviarez
- Departamento Clínico Integral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - María Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Dr. Francisco J. Triana-Alonso, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Dr. Francisco J. Triana-Alonso, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Cruz M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, San Carlos, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
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Rivera MG, Herrera L, Morocoima A, Aguilar CM, Gárate T, López M, Lares M, Viettri M, Ferrer E. Genetic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI isolates from rural and urban areas of Venezuela. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52:23-29. [PMID: 25815863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Several studies have demonstrated genetic heterogeneity in populations of Trypanosoma cruzi that allowed the identification of six different discrete typing units (DTU) classified as TcI, TcII, TcIII, TcIV, TcV and TcVI. Furthermore, some characterization studies have described genetic variability within TcI isolates from endemic regions. The objective of the present study was to analyze Venezuelan T. cruzi isolates, obtained from triatomine-vectors, mammal-hosts including infected humans, detected in both rural and urban areas from diverse geographic origins. METHODS Molecular characterization of 44 Venezuelan T. cruzi isolates, obtained from triatomine-vectors, mammalian hosts and human patients from both rural and urban areas of different geographic origins, were carried out. Samples were analyzed by PCR amplification of the intergenic region of the mini-exon gene, 24Sα rDNA and 18S rDNA, followed by sequencing of the amplification products. RESULTS The TcI amplification pattern was found in 42 out of 44 (95.5%) isolates; a TcIII strain and one possible TcIV were also found. The sequence analysis of the TcI Venezuelan isolates showed genetic variability among them. Urban isolates formed a homogeneous group, with differences in their sequences, when compared to rural isolates. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The results showed genetic heterogeneity in Venezuelan TcI strains, probably in response to different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso" (BIOMED); Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela
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López M, Rivera MG, Viettri M, Lares M, Morocoima A, Herrera L, Ferrer E. Comparación de dos protocolos de extracción de ADN de Trypanosoma cruzi cultivados en medio axénico. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2014. [DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2014.312.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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López M, Rivera MG, Viettri M, Lares M, Morocoima A, Herrera L, Ferrer E. [Comparing two protocols of DNA extraction of Trypanosoma cruzi cultured in axenic medium]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2014; 31:222-227. [PMID: 25123858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare two extraction protocols of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA for use in DNA amplification of kinetoplast minicircles (kDNA) through the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Epimastigotes of T. cruzi were cultured in axenic conditions and masses from 1.5 to 100 x 106 parasites were obtained. DNA extraction was performed using two protocols: extraction with organic solvents (phenol/chloroform), and with resin (Chelex100), from different parasitic sediments. Concentration and purity of DNA was determined by spectrophotometry, and integrity was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Analysis of variance and comparisons of means were performed through Tukey's test, using the Statistix 8.0 software. RESULTS Ten DNA extractions were done of each one of the different amounts of parasitic sediments. In the DNA extraction with Chelex100 resin, a higher performance was obtained but a lower purity and integrity compared to the extraction with organic solvents. However, it allowed a product amplification of 330 bp of T. cruzi kDNA. CONCLUSIONS Although the technique of Chelex100 provided less purity and integrity of DNA, it allowed a successful amplification of kDNA by PCR, avoiding the use of laborious techniques and toxic organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - María G Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes Viettri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - María Lares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Morocoima
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oriente, Anzoátegui, Venezuela
| | - Leidi Herrera
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Dr. Francisco J. Triana Alonso, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
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Ferrer E, Lares M, Viettri M, Medina M. Comparación entre técnicas inmunológicas y moleculares para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Chagas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 31:277-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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