1
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Rodríguez M, Quiroga J, Cortés B, Morán G, Henríquez C. Effects of tamoxifen on the immune response phenotype in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1381162. [PMID: 38659456 PMCID: PMC11041636 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely utilized in the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer and has demonstrated the potential to modulate the immune response. It has been proposed as a therapeutic tool for immune-mediated diseases. TAM has been investigated as a possible treatment for asthma-like conditions in horses, revealing specific impacts on the innate immune system. While the effects of TAM on equine neutrophils are well-documented, its influence on lymphocytes and the modulation of the immune response polarization remains unclear. This in vitro study employed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy horses, exposing them to varying concentrations of the TAM and assessing the expression of genes involved in the polarization of the immune response (TBX21, IFNG, GATA3, IL4, IL10, FOXP3, and CTLA4) in PBMC stimulated or not with PMA/ionomycin. Additionally, the effect of TAM over the proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg) was also assessed. TAM did not significantly affect the expression of these genes and Treg at low concentrations. However, at the highest concentration, there was an impact on the expression of GATA3, IL4, IL10, and CTLA4 genes. These alterations in genes associated with a Th2 and regulatory response coincided with a noteworthy increase in drug-associated cytotoxicity but only at concentrations far beyond those achieved in pharmacological therapy. These findings suggest that the effects of TAM, as described in preclinical studies on asthmatic horses, may not be attributed to the modification of the adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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2
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Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Marshall TM, Church DD, Jajtner AR, Esposito R. Foundational Nutrition: Implications for Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:2837. [PMID: 37447166 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nutrition, and what can be considered "ideal" nutrition, is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers and practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition is relatively understood, it is undeniable that a global nutritional problem persists. Many countries struggle with malnutrition or caloric deficits, while others encounter difficulties with caloric overconsumption and micronutrient deficiencies. A multitude of factors contribute to this global problem. Limitations to the current scope of the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and dietary reference intakes (DRIs), changes in soil quality, and reductions in nutrient density are just a few of these factors. In this article, we propose a new, working approach towards human nutrition designated "Foundational Nutrition". This nutritional lens combines a whole food approach in conjunction with micronutrients and other nutrients critical for optimal human health with special consideration given to the human gut microbiome and overall gut health. Together, this a synergistic approach which addresses vital components in nutrition that enhances the bioavailability of nutrients and to potentiate a bioactive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Trevor O Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Tess M Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - David D Church
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Adam R Jajtner
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY 10003, USA
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3
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Gambari L, Cellamare A, Grassi F, Grigolo B, Panciera A, Ruffilli A, Faldini C, Desando G. Overview of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Polyphenols to Halt Osteoarthritis: From Preclinical Studies to New Clinical Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415861. [PMID: 36555503 PMCID: PMC9779856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most multifactorial joint disorders in adults. It is characterized by degenerative and inflammatory processes that are responsible for joint destruction, pain and stiffness. Despite therapeutic advances, the search for alternative strategies to target inflammation and pain is still very challenging. In this regard, there is a growing body of evidence for the role of several bioactive dietary molecules (BDMs) in targeting inflammation and pain, with promising clinical results. BDMs may be valuable non-pharmaceutical solutions to treat and prevent the evolution of early OA to more severe phenotypes, overcoming the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Among BDMs, polyphenols (PPs) are widely studied due to their abundance in several plants, together with their benefits in halting inflammation and pain. Despite their biological relevance, there are still many questionable aspects (biosafety, bioavailability, etc.) that hinder their clinical application. This review highlights the mechanisms of action and biological targets modulated by PPs, summarizes the data on their anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects in different preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of OA and underlines the gaps in the knowledge. Furthermore, this work reports the preliminary promising results of clinical studies on OA patients treated with PPs and discusses new perspectives to accelerate the translation of PPs treatment into the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gambari
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Cellamare
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Grassi
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Panciera
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruffilli
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Desando
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0516366803
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4
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Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, da Silva-Júnior EF. TNF-α Inhibitors from Natural Compounds: An Overview, CADD Approaches, and their Exploration for Anti-inflammatory Agents. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2317-2340. [PMID: 34269666 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210715165943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural process that occurs in the organism in response to harmful external agents. Despite being considered beneficial, exaggerated cases can cause severe problems for the body. The main inflammatory manifestations are pain, increased temperature, edema, decreased mobility, and quality of life for affected individuals. Diseases such as arthritis, cancer, allergies, infections, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic problems are mainly characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response. Inflammation is related to two categories of substances: pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Among the pro-inflammatory mediators is Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). It is associated with immune diseases, cancer, and psychiatric disorders which increase its excretion. Thus, it becomes a target widely used in discovering new antiinflammatory drugs. In this context, secondary metabolites biosynthesized by plants have been used for thousands of years and continue to be one of the primary sources of new drug scaffolds against inflammatory diseases. To decrease costs related to the drug discovery process, Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) techniques are broadly explored to increase the chances of success. In this review, the main natural compounds derived from alkaloids, flavonoids, terpene, and polyphenols as promising TNF-α inhibitors will be discussed. Finally, we applied a molecular modeling protocol involving all compounds described here, suggesting that their interactions with Tyr59, Tyr119, Tyr151, Leu57, and Gly121 residues are essential for the activity. Such findings can be useful for research groups worldwide to design new anti-inflammatory TNF-α inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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5
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Chedea VS, Macovei ȘO, Bocsan IC, Măgureanu DC, Levai AM, Buzoianu AD, Pop RM. Grape Pomace Polyphenols as a Source of Compounds for Management of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation—A Possible Alternative for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206826. [PMID: 36296420 PMCID: PMC9612310 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans, and phenolic acids, classes of polyphenols found in grape pomace (GP), were investigated as an important alternative source for active substances that could be used in the management of oxidative stress and inflammation. The benefic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of GP are presented in the literature, but they are derived from a large variety of experimental in vitro and in vivo settings. In these in vitro works, the decrease in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels and the increase in glutathione levels show the antioxidant effects. The inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and prostaglandin E2 inflammatory pathways and the decrease of some inflammatory markers such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) demonstrate the anti-inflammatory actions of GP polyphenols. The in vivo studies further confirmed the antioxidant (increase in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels and a stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase -eNOS gene expression) and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of IL-1𝛼, IL-1β, IL-6, interferon-𝛾, TNF-α and C-reactive protein release) activities. Grape pomace as a whole extract, but also different individual polyphenols that are contained in GP can modulate the endogenous pathway responsible in reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. The present review analyzed the effects of GP in oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting that it could become a valuable therapeutic candidate capable to reduce the aforementioned pathological processes. Grape pomace extract could become an adjuvant treatment in the attempt to reduce the side effects of the classical anti-inflammatory medication like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Research Department, Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania
| | - Ștefan Octavian Macovei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 23, Marinescu Street, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Dan Claudiu Măgureanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonia Mihaela Levai
- Department Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 3–5, Clinicilor Street, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 23, Marinescu Street, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 23, Marinescu Street, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
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6
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Mu P, Feng J, Hu Y, Xiong F, Ma X, Tian L. Botanical Drug Extracts Combined With Biomaterial Carriers for Osteoarthritis Cartilage Degeneration Treatment: A Review of 10 Years of Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:789311. [PMID: 35173609 PMCID: PMC8841352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term chronic arthrosis disease which is usually characterized by pain, swelling, joint stiffness, reduced range of motion, and other clinical manifestations and even results in disability in severe cases. The main pathological manifestation of OA is the degeneration of cartilage. However, due to the special physiological structure of the cartilage, once damaged, it is unable to repair itself, which is one of the challenges of treating OA clinically. Abundant studies have reported the application of cartilage tissue engineering in OA cartilage repair. Among them, cell combined with biological carrier implantation has unique advantages. However, cell senescence, death and dedifferentiation are some problems when cultured in vitro. Botanical drug remedies for OA have a long history in many countries in Asia. In fact, botanical drug extracts (BDEs) have great potential in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, and other properties, and many studies have confirmed their effects. BDEs combined with cartilage tissue engineering has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we will explain in detail how cartilage tissue engineering materials and BDEs play a role in cartilage repair, as well as the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyun Mu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yimei Hu,
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linling Tian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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7
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Dabravolski SA, Nikiforov NG, Zhuravlev AD, Orekhov NA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Role of the mtDNA Mutations and Mitophagy in Inflammaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031323. [PMID: 35163247 PMCID: PMC8836173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an unavoidable multi-factorial process, characterised by a gradual decrease in physiological functionality and increasing vulnerability of the organism to environmental factors and pathogens, ending, eventually, in death. One of the most elaborated ageing theories implies a direct connection between ROS-mediated mtDNA damage and mutations. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondrial metabolism, mitochondria generated ROS, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in normal ageing and pathological conditions, such as inflammation. Also, a chronic form of inflammation, which could change the long-term status of the immune system in an age-dependent way, is discussed. Finally, the role of inflammaging in the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.D.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Zhuravlev
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.D.Z.)
| | - Nikolay A. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.O.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.O.); (A.N.O.)
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8
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Andrews FM, Riggs LM, Lopez MJ, Keowen ML, Garza F, Takawira C, Liu C, Liu Y, Seeram NP, Cairy A, St. Blanc M. Effect of an oral supplement containing curcumin extract (Longvida
®
) on lameness due to osteoarthritis and gastric ulcer scores. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Andrews
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - L. M. Riggs
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - M. J. Lopez
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - M. L. Keowen
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - F. Garza
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - C. Takawira
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - C.‐C. Liu
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Y. Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - N. P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - A. Cairy
- W.F. Young, Inc East Longmeadow Massachusetts USA
| | - M. St. Blanc
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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9
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Triaux Z, Briard L, Petit O, Marchioni E, Julien-David D. Effect of simulated foregut digestion on the antioxidant capacity of plants naturally consumed by horses. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Galinelli NC, Bailey SR, Bamford NJ, Harris PA. Nutritional considerations for the management of equine pituitary
pars intermedia
dysfunction. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. C. Galinelli
- Melbourne Veterinary School The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - S. R. Bailey
- Melbourne Veterinary School The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - N. J. Bamford
- Melbourne Veterinary School The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - P. A. Harris
- Equine Studies Group Waltham Petcare Science Institute Melton Mowbray UK
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11
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Koh YC, Ho CT, Pan MH. Recent Advances in Health Benefits of Stilbenoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10036-10057. [PMID: 34460268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological targeting or molecular targeting is the main strategy in drug development and disease prevention. However, the problem of "off-targets" cannot be neglected. Naturally derived drugs are preferred over synthetic compounds in pharmaceutical markets, and the main goals are high effectiveness, lower cost, and fewer side effects. Single-target drug binding may be the major cause of failure, as the pathogenesis of diseases is predominantly multifactorial. Naturally derived drugs are advantageous because they are expected to have multitarget effects, but not off-targets, in disease prevention or therapeutic actions. The capability of phytochemicals to modulate molecular signals in numerous diseases has been widely discussed. Among them, stilbenoids, especially resveratrol, have been well-studied, along with their potential molecular targets, including AMPK, Sirt1, NF-κB, PKC, Nrf2, and PPARs. The analogues of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and hydroxylated-pterostilbene may have similar, if not more, potential biological targeting effects compared with their original counterpart. Furthermore, new targets that have been discussed in recent studies are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan 404
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan 413
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12
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Miller AB, Harris PA, Barker VD, Adams AA. Short-term transport stress and supplementation alter immune function in aged horses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254139. [PMID: 34411137 PMCID: PMC8376036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance transport is associated with stress-related changes in equine immune function, and shipping-associated illnesses are often reported. Horses are frequently transported short distances, yet the effects of short-term transport on immune function remain largely unknown. Twelve horses, aged 15-30 yr, were assigned to either the control (n = 6) or treatment (n = 6) groups; treatment horses received a daily antioxidant supplement 3 weeks before and after transport. All horses were transported for approximately 1.5-2 hr on Day 0. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture at 15-min pre- and post-transport and on Days -21, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Body temperature, heart rate, body weight, total cortisol, and gene expression of IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12α, IL-17α, SAA1, and TNFα in whole blood were measured. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, stimulated with PMA/ionomycin, and stained for IFNγ and TNFα before analysis via flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed with significance set at P < 0.05 (SAS 9.4). Transport and supplementation did not appear to affect body weight, heart rate, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12α, IL-17α, change (Δ) in the % and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IFNγ+ lymphocytes after stimulation, or Δ in the % and MFI of TNFα+ lymphocytes after stimulation. Supplementation decreased IL-1β and SAA1 expression. Transport increased total cortisol concentration, body temperature, and IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 expression but decreased IL-1β, TNFα, and IFNγ expression. Short-term transportation affected physiological, endocrine, and immune responses; supplementation may ameliorate inflammation in aged horses. Immune responses were most altered at 15-min post-transport and typically recovered by Day 1, suggesting that horses may be vulnerable to disease during and almost immediately after short-term transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton B. Miller
- Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Patricia A. Harris
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia D. Barker
- Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amanda A. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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13
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Turner S, Barker VD, Adams AA. Effects of Cannabidiol on the In Vitro Lymphocyte Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production of Senior Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 103:103668. [PMID: 34281647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. contains cannabidiol (CBD), a compound that has many anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, 99.9% CBD powder was used to determine its in vitro efficacy as an anti-inflammatory agent. Heparinized blood was collected via jugular venipuncture from senior horses. PBMCs were isolated then incubated for 24 hours with increasing dilutions of CBD dissolved in DMSO. PBMCs were stimulated the last 4 hours of incubation with PMA/IO and Brefeldin A. A Vicell counter was used to evaluate viability after incubation. PBMCs were stained intracellularly for IFNγ and TNFα then analyzed via flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to analyze samples for gene expression. Five equine-specific intron-spanning primers/probes used are: CB1, CB2, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10, and Beta-glucuronidase. Data was analyzed using RM One-way ANOVA (significance P < .05). Viability of PBMCs with CBD was completed to determine cytotoxicity. The dilution of CBD that did not affect cell viability was 4 µg/mL (P<0.05). CBD at 4 µg/mL significantly reduced production of IFN-γ and TNF-α (P < .05). RT-PCR results for TNFα and IFNγ at 4 µg/mL showed a reduction compared with the positive control and IL-10 showed a similar reduction at 2 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL. RT-PCR gene expression results showed significance for 10 μg/mL CBD in CB1 and CB2. CBD at 4 µg/mL reduced in vitro production of inflammatory cytokines from senior horses. This in vitro study supports further investigation of CBD to determine if it may be effective as an anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic inflammation in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Turner
- Department of Veterinary Science, M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
| | - Virginia Day Barker
- Department of Veterinary Science, M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Amanda A Adams
- MARS Equestrian™ Research Fellow, Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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14
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Suagee-Bedore JK, Shen Y, Porr S, Girard ID, Bennett-Wimbush K, Wagner AL. Impacts of DigestaWell NRG Supplementation on Post Exercise Muscle Soreness in Unconditioned Horses, a Pilot Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 101:103455. [PMID: 33993938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercising horses are commonly plagued by muscle fatigue and soreness, which can result in reduced performance ability. In the present study, ten unconditioned horses were fed 200g per day DigestaWell NRG, a commercial dietary supplement containing Yucca schidigera and Trigonella foenum-graecum, two herbs shown in other species to reduce post-exercise muscle pain and soreness. A control, unsupplemented group contained ten horses of similar age, breed, and gender. Horses completed a 50 minutes, ridden standardized exercise test of moderate intensity immediately prior to (Period1) and after 28 days of supplementation (Period2). Muscle soreness and tightness were evaluated 24 hours prior to and after each exercise test and used to determine the percent increase in post-exercise muscle soreness and tightness. Blood samples were collected before, and at 10 and 30 minutes, and 1, 4, and 24 hours post exercise. Plasma was analyzed for glucose, lactate, non-esterified fatty acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β concentrations. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SAS Enterprise Guide v. 7.1. No changes in plasma parameters were indicated between periods for unsupplemented horses (P > 0.1) during Period2, excepting glucose, which was greater during Period2 (P = 0.018). Supplemented horses had lesser concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.016) and lactate (P = 0.058) during Period2 than during Period1. During Period2, supplemented horses experienced a smaller percent increase in post exercise muscle soreness (P = 0.031). DigestaWell NRG supplementation may benefit unconditioned horses undergoing moderate intensity exercise through reducing lactate production and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shea Porr
- Murray State University, Murray, KY.
| | - Ivan D Girard
- Probiotech International, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
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15
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El-Sayed Mostafa H, Ahmed Allithy AN, Abdellatif NA, Anani M, Fareed SA, El-Shafei DA, Alaa El-Din EA. Amelioration of pulmonary aflatoxicosis by green tea extract: An in vivo study. Toxicon 2020; 189:48-55. [PMID: 33212099 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFB1) are mycotoxins known to be associated with human and animal diseases. The lung is a at risk from AFB1exposure either via inhalation or circulation. Green tea consumption is increasing over time due to widespread popularity as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective agents. Therefore, we attempted to study the lung toxicity caused by AFB1 and the possible ameliorating effect of green tea extract. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups; Group I: Untreated control group, Group II (vehicle): Each rat received 1 ml of olive oil, Group III (GTE): Each rat received Camellia sinensis, green tea extract (30 mg/kg/day), Group IV(AFB1): Each rat received (50 μg/kg/day of AFB1). Group V (AFB1+ GTE): Each rat received the same previously mentioned doses of AFB1 in addition to GTE concomitantly. All treatments were orally gavaged for 8 weeks then rats were sacrificed. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were measured, lung tissues' oxidative stress indices were also measured in addition to the histopathological study which was performed by using hematoxylin & eosin and Masson trichrome stains. Morphometric and statistical analyses were also performed. Oral gavage of AFB1 resulted in significant histopathological changes in the lung tissues, in the form of variable degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, interstitial inflammation with infiltration by chronic inflammatory cells, interstitial fibrosis, bronchitis, vasculitis and fibrous thickening of arterial walls. Inflammation was evident by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a declined level of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Also, oxidative stress was evident by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and decreased levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and Catalase (CAT). The histopathological changes, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased during concomitant administration of green tea extract in (AFB1+ GTE) group. Aflatoxin B1 has deleterious effects on the lung tissue that could be minimized by concomitant administration of Green tea extract owing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba El-Sayed Mostafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Maha Anani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa Antar Fareed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Abdallah El-Shafei
- Departments of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Eman Ahmed Alaa El-Din
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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16
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Wu M, Luo Q, Nie R, Yang X, Tang Z, Chen H. Potential implications of polyphenols on aging considering oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2175-2193. [PMID: 32496818 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1773390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring compounds polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants, comprised several categories, namely, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes. The biological aging process is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation status, and autophagy function, through diverse signaling pathways. Moreover, the crucial role of gut microbiota in regulating aging and health status was widely demonstrated. In recent years, the potential anti-aging benefits of polyphenols have been gaining increasing scientific interest due to their capability to modulate oxidative damage, inflammation, autophagy, and gut microbiota. This review highlights the influence of polyphenols in preventing aging disorders and augmenting lifespan based on the influence of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and gut microbiota, and encourages research on novel polyphenol-based strategies and clinical trials to develop a nutrition-oriented holistic anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingying Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongxuan Nie
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingpan Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
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Sharma R, Padwad Y. Perspectives of the potential implications of polyphenols in influencing the interrelationship between oxi-inflammatory stress, cellular senescence and immunosenescence during aging. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Martin LM, Johnson PJ, Amorim JR, DeClue AE. Effects of Orally Administered Resveratrol on TNF, IL-1β, Leukocyte Phagocytic Activity and Oxidative Burst Function in Horses: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041453. [PMID: 32093379 PMCID: PMC7073105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a phytophenol, is a commonly used equine nutraceutical supplement touted to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The effect of orally administered resveratrol on tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), leukocyte phagocytic activity or oxidative burst function have not been reported in horses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a commercially available, orally administered resveratrol product on innate immune functions in healthy adult horses. Whole blood was collected from 12 horses prior to and following 3 weeks of treatment with either the manufacturer’s recommended dose of resveratrol or placebo. Phagocytosis, oxidative burst and pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) motif-stimulated leukocyte production of TNF and IL-1β were compared pre- and post-treatment between treatment groups. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacity were evaluated via flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor and IL-1β were measured using cytotoxicity and ELISA assays, respectively. There were no significant differences in phagocytosis, oxidative burst or stimulated TNF or IL-1β production between resveratrol and placebo treatment groups. Orally administered resveratrol at a routinely recommended dose for a duration of 3 weeks did not significantly affect phagocytic activity, oxidative burst function or PAMP-stimulated leukocyte cytokine production.
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19
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Starzonek J, Roscher K, Blüher M, Blaue D, Schedlbauer C, Hirz M, Raila J, Vervuert I. Effects of a blend of green tea and curcuma extract supplementation on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in horses and ponies. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8053. [PMID: 31741800 PMCID: PMC6857679 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In horses and ponies numerous medical conditions are known to be linked with inflammation in different tissues, especially in the liver. Besides affecting other metabolic pathways such as the expression of certain interleukins (IL), inflammation is associated with stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In particular, ER stress leads to adaptive stress response and can be measured by several markers of inflammatory and stress signalling pathways, like nuclear factor κB (NF-kB). Objectives To investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory reactions and their modulation in horses and ponies by feeding a polyphenol-rich supplement consisting of green tea and curcuma. Methods In a cross-over study, 11 animals were allocated to either a placebo or a supplement group and supplemented with 10 g of a blend of green tea and curcuma extract (GCE) or a placebo (calcium carbonate) once daily. After 21 days of supplementation, all animals underwent a LPS challenge to induce moderate systemic inflammation. Blood samples and liver biopsies were taken at standardized time points: 24 hours before and 12 hours after LPS challenge. Inflammatory blood parameters such as serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were measured in serum. Hepatic mRNA levels of selected markers of inflammation such as haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6, cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), NF-κB, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) were quantified by RT-qPCR. In addition, liver biopsies were examined histologically for inflammatory alterations. Results Blood markers of acute inflammatory response increased after LPS challenge. In the liver, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β showed significantly lower mRNA levels after LPS challenge in the supplemented group (P = 0.04) compared to the placebo group. Levels of the hepatic CD68 mRNA increased significantly in the placebo group (P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between supplemented and placebo groups concerning other markers of inflammation and markers of ER stress within the liver. The number of hepatic macrophages were not different after LPS challenge in both feeding groups. Conclusion LPS was able to induce inflammation but seemed less suitable to induce ER stress in the horses and ponies. The polyphenol-rich supplement showed some potential to reduce inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, the supplementation did not exert an overall anti-inflammatory effect in horses and ponies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Starzonek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Katja Roscher
- Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Dominique Blaue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Carola Schedlbauer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Manuela Hirz
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Jens Raila
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
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20
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Jia E, Yan Y, Zhou M, Li X, Jiang G, Liu W, Zhang D. Combined effects of dietary quercetin and resveratrol on growth performance, antioxidant capability and innate immunity of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Fedorka CE, Ball BA, Walker OF, Conley AJ, Corbin CJ, Lu KG, Hanneman JM, Troedsson MHT, Adams AA. Alteration of the mare's immune system by the synthetic progestin, altrenogest. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13145. [PMID: 31087434 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Progestins are immunomodulatory in a variety of species. In the horse, the most commonly administered synthetic progestin is altrenogest (ALT), but its effect on the immune system of the non-pregnant mare is unknown. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from diestrous mares were incubated with varying concentrations of progesterone (P4) or ALT to assess intracellular production of IFNγ and the expression of select cytokines. Additionally, ten mares received either ALT or VEH daily utilizing a switchback design beginning on the day of ovulation and continuing for 7 days. Circulating PBMCs and endometrial biopsies were obtained to assess the production and expression of the same cytokines. RESULTS In vitro, both P4 and ALT caused a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular IFNγ in PBMCs. P4 caused a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-4, while ALT caused an increase in the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in PBMCs. In vivo, ALT suppressed the intracellular levels of IFNγ in PBMCs on d6. While control mares experienced a decrease in IL-1β expression from d0 to d6, ALT-treated mares did not. In the endometrium, ALT increased the expression of IL-1RN and IFNγ in comparison with VEH-treated mares. CONCLUSION P4 and ALT appear to alter the immune system of the non-pregnant mare both systemically in addition to locally within the endometrium. Further research is necessary to determine the pathways through which this synthetic progestin functions on the immune system of the horse, and the consequences it may have.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry A Ball
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Olivia F Walker
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee
| | - Alan J Conley
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cynthia J Corbin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kristina G Lu
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jessica M Hanneman
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mats H T Troedsson
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Amanda A Adams
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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22
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Bian R, Tang J, Hu L, Huang X, Liu M, Cao W, Zhang H. (E)‑phenethyl 3‑(3,5‑dihydroxy‑4‑isopropylphenyl) acrylate gel improves DNFB-induced allergic contact hypersensitivity via regulating the balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cell subsets. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:8-15. [PMID: 30268017 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(E)‑phenethyl 3‑(3,5‑dihydroxy‑4‑isopropylphenyl) acrylate gels (THCA354) is a novel polyphenols acrylic acid derivative. To investigate the immunoregulatory mechanisms of THCA354, we established a mouse model of 2,4‑dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Responses of Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were determined by flow cytometry, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study found that topical application of THCA354 gel could inhibit ear swelling, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, down-regulate Th1/Th17 responses and enhance Th2/Treg responses. These findings indicated that THCA354 gel exerted its immunotherapeutic effects by modulating the balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cell subsets, suggesting that THCA354 gel could be used as a promising drug candidate for intervention of ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Bian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianlin Tang
- Base for Clinical Trial, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanlan Hu
- Base for Clinical Trial, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejia Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxuan Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Liu Y, Siard M, Adams A, Keowen ML, Miller TK, Garza F, Andrews FM, Seeram NP. Simultaneous quantification of free curcuminoids and their metabolites in equine plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018. [PMID: 29529492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The human health benefits attributed to turmeric/curcumin spice has resulted in its wide utilization as a dietary supplement for companion pets and other animals including horses. While the quantification of free curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin) and their phase-2 metabolites (curcumin-O-sulfate, curcumin-O-glucuronide) have been extensively investigated in human and rodent biological samples (primarily plasma and serum), there is lack of similar data for horses. Herein, we report a validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of the aforementioned free curcuminoids and their metabolites in equine plasma. The linearity of the aforementioned curcuminoids and curcumin-O-sulfate was in the range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL and 1-1000 ng/mL for curcumin-O-glucuronide with 85-115% accuracy and <15% precision in equine plasma. The method was validated based on US FDA criteria and applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics of curcumin-O-sulfate in equine plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Melissa Siard
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Road, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Amanda Adams
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Road, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Michael L Keowen
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, 1843 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Travis K Miller
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, 1843 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Frank Garza
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, 1843 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Frank M Andrews
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, 1843 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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Guo C, Li H, Sun D, Liu J, Mao S. Effects of abomasal supplementation of quercetin on performance, inflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase genes expression in goats fed a high-grain diet. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Wang Y, Wang SL, Zhang JY, Song XN, Zhang ZY, Li JF, Li S. Anti-ulcer and anti-Helicobacter pylori potentials of the ethyl acetate fraction of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Solanaceae) in rodent. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:197-206. [PMID: 28964871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Solanaceae) has been widely used in Chinese folk medicine due to its wide distribution throughout the country, for the treatment of a wide range of diseases including heat and cold, sore throat, fever, fungal infection, inflammation, toothache, rheumatism, burn, analgesic, ulcer and urinary diseases. However, the effect of P. alkekengi var. franchetii on ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection has not been reported to date. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-Helicobacter pylori and analgesic properties of ethyl acetate fraction of the crude aqueous methanolic extract from the aerial parts of the plant P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii in rodents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute toxicity of the crude extract of P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii (PAF) was evaluated in rats. The petroleum ether fraction (PEF), butanol fraction (BF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction (AF) of crude aqueous methanolic extract from PAF were screened for anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer potential at doses of 100, 250 and 500mg/kg (p.o.), using carrageenin-induced hind paw edema and ethanol-induced gastric lesions test in rats. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of EAF was assayed subsequently. In addition, three doses of EAF were evaluated for analgesic activity using hot plate and writhing tests, respectively. Finally, we performed a phytochemical analysis of EAF. RESULTS Four fractions of crude extract from PAF significantly reduced the paw volume in carrageenin-induced hind paw edema model at different doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg, p.o.). The fraction EAF at a dose of 500mg/kg exhibited the highest (75.92%) (0.150 ± 0.045***, ***p < 0.001) anti-inflammatory potential, which is similar to indomethacin (***P < 0.001)(0.120 ± 0.014***, 80.74% inhibition of inflammation) at 5mg/kg. Pretreatment with EAF (500mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the intensity of gastric mucosal damage and showed higher gastroprotective activity (90.6%) when compared to the standard drug famotidine (84.6%). In addition, EAF fraction also showed a moderate (P < 0.05) anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 500μg/ml. Furthermore, pain sensation was effectively inhibited at 500mg/kg, p.o. of EAF as manifested by an increase (p < 0.001) of latency time in hot plate from 30 to 90min and a decrease (p < 0.001) in count of writhing induced by acetic acid. By HPLC, we determined some steroid, terpenoid and flavonoids (four compounds): kaempferol, quercetin, Blumenol A and physalindicanols A, which were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra analysis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-Helicobacter pylori and analgesic properties of EAF of the crude extract from PAF thus justifying its traditional usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China.
| | - Sui Lou Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Jiong Yi Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Ning Song
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Zhi Yong Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Jing Feng Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
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Abstract
There has been great progress in the understanding of basic neurobiologic mechanisms of pain, but this body of knowledge has not yet translated into new and improved analgesics. Progress has been made regarding pain assessment in horses, but more work is needed until sensitive and accurate pain assessment tools are available for use in clinical practice. This review summarizes and updates the knowledge concerning the cornerstones of pain medicine (understand, assess, prevent, and treat). It highlights the importance of understanding pain mechanisms and expressions to enable a rational approach to pain assessment, prevention, and management in the equine patient.
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Hilary S, Habib H, Souka U, Ibrahim W, Platat C. Bioactivity of arid region honey: an in vitro study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:177. [PMID: 28356100 PMCID: PMC5371251 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of honey have been largely recognized by various studies. Almost all of the potential benefits are associated with polyphenol content. Honey varieties from the arid region are reported to be rich in polyphenols, but data related to its bioactivity in vitro is greatly lacking. This study aimed at establishing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of arid region honey. Four honey varieties from arid region (H1, H2, H3, and H4) and two popular non-arid region honey (H5 and H6) were tested in vitro in this study. Methods The erythrocyte membrane protection effect of honey varieties were measured by hemolysis assay after exposing erythrocytes to a peroxide generator. The subsequent production of MDA (malondialdehyde) content in erythrocytes was measured. Immunomodulatory effect of the honey varieties was tested in prostate cancer cells PC-3 and PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) by measuring the IL-6 (interleukin 6) and NO (nitric oxide) levels in cell culture supernatant after incubation with the honey varieties. PC-3 cell viability was assessed after incubation with honey varieties for 24 h. Results Arid region honey exhibited superior erythrocyte membrane protection effect with H4 measuring 1.3 ± 0.042mMTE/g and H2 measuring 1.122 ± 0.018mMTE/g. MDA levels were significantly reduced by honey samples, especially H4 (20.819 ± 0.63 nmol/mg protein). We observed a significant decrease in cell population in PC-3 after 24 h in culture on treatment with honey. A moderate increase in NO levels was observed in both cultures after 24 h at the same time levels of IL-6 were remarkably reduced by honey varieties. Conclusion The results demonstrate the antioxidant effect of arid region honey due to its erythrocyte membrane protection effect and subsequent lowering of oxidative damage as evident from lower levels of lipid peroxidation byproduct MDA. Arid region honey varieties were as good as non-arid region types at decreasing cell viability of prostate cancer cells. The moderate increase in NO levels in PC-3 and PBMCs were not significant enough to elicit any pro-inflammatory response. However, IL-6 secretion was remarkably reduced by all honey varieties in a comparable level indicating the potential anti-inflammatory property of arid region honey.
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Li YS, Xiao WF, Luo W. Cellular aging towards osteoarthritis. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 162:80-84. [PMID: 28049007 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of degenerative joint disease. Aging process is supposed to be a leading predictor for developing OA. In this review, we have discussed the potential roles of aging in OA, a better understanding of which might delay or stop the development and progression of OA. Different cellular signaling mechanisms are involved process of aging that induces age-related changes in chondrocytes. These changes influence the expression of catabolic factors resulting in increased production of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines, reduced levels of collagen type II and aggrecan synthesis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and chondrocyte death, which contributes to the development of OA. Antioxidant supplementation is probably the best way to prevent or delay the age-related OA. Some therapeutic agents like histone deacetylase inhibitors and anti-miR34a agents have been reported to be effective against age-related OA. However, further research is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of these alternative treatment strategies in clinical trials using controlled and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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Pterostilbene protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppressing oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 43:7-15. [PMID: 27936461 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that pterostilbene (Pte) confers protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation induce injury after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. The present study was designed to evaluate whether treatment with Pte attenuates oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). Rats were subjected to 30min of myocardial ischemia and 3h of reperfusion, and the rats were administered with vehicle or Pte. The results showed that Pte (10mg/kg) dramatically improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial infarction and myocardial apoptosis following MI/R. As an indicator of oxidative/nitrative stress, myocardial ONOO- content was markedly reduced after Pte treatment. And, Pte led to a dramatic decrease in superoxide generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and a dramatic increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, Pte treatment significantly reduced p38 MAPK activation and the expression of iNOS and gp91phox and increased phosphorylated eNOS expression. Pte treatment dramatically decreased myocardial TNF-α, and IL-1β levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Furthermore, ONOO- suppression by either Pte or uric acid (UA), an ONOO- scavenger, reduced myocardial injury. In conclusion, Pte exerts a protective effect against MI/R injury by suppressing oxidative/nitrative stress. These results provide evidence that Pte might be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of MI/R injury.
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