1
|
Doulidis PG, Vali Y, Frizzo Ramos C, Guija-de-Arespacochaga A. Retrospective evaluation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in cats with blunt trauma (2018-2021): 177 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:478-486. [PMID: 39078336 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker in cats with blunt trauma. DESIGN Retrospective study from January 2018 to December 2021. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Medical records of 177 cats admitted with blunt trauma were evaluated. History, clinical findings, blood cell count-based ratios, thoracic radiographs on presentation, and outcome were reviewed. The Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score was assessed in each cat and classified as mild (1-3), moderate (4-7), and severe trauma (≥8). Forty-eight healthy blood donor cats served as the control population. NLR, neutrophil counts, and lymphocyte counts were compared between cats with blunt trauma and controls, and among trauma patients. INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: NLR, neutrophil counts, and lymphocyte counts significantly differ in cats with blunt trauma compared to controls (p < 0.001), and NLR was higher in patients with thoracic trauma (p = 0.044). Nonsurvivors had lower lymphocyte counts (p = 0.041), although those values do not appear to be clinically relevant. A significant increase in NLR was observed with increasing severity of trauma (p < 0.001). The NLR was not associated with the length of hospitalization, intensive care assistance, or mortality. CONCLUSION NLR is a widely available diagnostic tool, which can be used in addition to ATT to assess trauma severity, although in our study it was not predictive of the outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos G Doulidis
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasamin Vali
- Diagnostic Imaging, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Frizzo Ramos
- Clinical Unit of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Santoro D, Saridomikelakis MN, Eisenschenk MNC, Hensel P, Pucheu-Haston C. Update on the role of cytokines and chemokines in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:25-39. [PMID: 37485553 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines and chemokines play central roles in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Numerous studies have been published and provide new insights into their roles in cAD. OBJECTIVES To summarise the research updates on the role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals in 2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings on cytokines and chemokines relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed. RESULTS Advances in technologies have allowed the simultaneous analysis of a broader range of cytokines and chemokines, which revealed an upregulation of a multipolar immunological axis (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22) in cAD. Most studies focused on specific cytokines, which were proposed as potential novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for cAD, such as interleukin-31. Most other cytokines and chemokines had inconsistent results, perhaps as a consequence of their varied involvement in the pathogenesis of different endotypes of cAD. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inconsistent results for many cytokines and chemokines illustrate the difficulty of studying the complex cytokine and chemokine networks in cAD, and highlight the need for more comprehensive and structured studies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cherie Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verde MT, Villanueva-Saz S, Navarro L, Loste A, Marteles D, Fernández A, Pereboom D. Non-controlled, open-label trial to assess clinical and immunological parameters in atopic dogs feeding monoprotein grain free diet versus a standard grain diet. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-7. [PMID: 37530035 PMCID: PMC10424612 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2243309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that is treated with medicines or allergen-specific immunotherapy. An improvement diet can help treatment of cAD. The purpose of this study was compare two diets on clinical and immunological parameters in atopic dogs without food hypersensitivity. Diet A, a commercial based on rice, was offered to 22 atopic dogs during 30 days and Diet B (grain free, rich in salmon) was given to 8 atopic dogs. Clinical scores were assessed by CADESI-4 and PVAS at the beginning (T0) and at the end of the study (T30). CD4+ and CD8+ were measured in PBMCs, and serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-10, IL-31 and IL-34) were determined. Both diets decreased CADESI-4 score and Diet A decreased PVAS score (p < 0.05). There were no statistical significant differences between diets at T30 for CD4+ and CD8+. A decrease in the IL-31 concentrations and increase in IL-10 levels (p < 0.05) was observed with Diet A at T30. There were no differences between any of the two diets when the other results at T0 and T30 were compared for any of the parameters analysed. In conclusion, the results indicate that dietary intervention had not influence on cellular component of the immune system, but a positive effect was observed on IL-31, IL-10 serum levels for Diet A. Further studies are needed to enrich dietary components of the food for atopic dogs without food hypersensibility to help improvement the management of the cAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Verde
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Zaragoza University-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Navarro
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Araceli Loste
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Zaragoza University-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Desirée Pereboom
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- General Research Support Service, SAI Citómica, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Canine memory T-cell subsets in health and disease. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 246:110401. [PMID: 35255296 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A more complete understanding of canine T-lymphocyte immunity is necessary for improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to canine diseases, developing cell-based canine immunotherapeutics, and evaluating dogs as large mammal models for comparative immunology research. The aim of this study was to utilize CD45RA (indicating antigen inexperience) and CD62L (indicating lymph node homing capability), to quantify canine memory T-cell subsets in healthy dogs and dogs with various diseases. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were prospectively collected from dogs belonging to one of four groups:dermatologic inflammation (n = 9), solid tumors (n = 9), lymphoma (n = 9), and age-/weight-matched healthy control dogs (n = 15). Dogs receiving prednisone or any other immunomodulating medication within two weeks were excluded. Flow cytometry was performed and T-cell subsets were defined as CD4+ or CD8+, and naïve (TN), central memory (CM), effector memory (EM), or terminal effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA). T-cell subset proportions were compared between each disease group and their healthy age-/weight-matched controls using a Mann-Whitney test. Significantly increased %CD8+ TN (P = 0.036) and decreased %CD8+ TEMRA (P = 0.045) were detected in dogs with dermatologic inflammation compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, %CD4+ TN positively correlated with Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI) score within the inflammation group (ρ = 0.817, P = 0.011). No significant differences between either cancer group and their healthy controls were detected. Taken together, these data indicate that dermatologic inflammation can alter proportions of peripheral blood T-cell subsets, possibly due to the migration of antigen-specific T-cells into tissues. Furthermore, these findings support the utility of CD45RA and CD62L in characterizing clinical canine immune responses.
Collapse
|
5
|
Verde MT, Villanueva-Saz S, Loste A, Marteles D, Pereboom D, Conde T, Fernández A. Comparison of circulating CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes and cytokine profiles between dogs with atopic dermatitis and healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
6
|
De Caro Martins G, da Costa-Val AP, Coura FM, Diamantino GML, Nogueira MM, de Oliveira Melo-Junior OA, Giunchetti RC, da Silveira-Lemos D, Melo MM. Immunomodulatory effect of long-term oclacitinib maleate therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:142-e40. [PMID: 34747068 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a chronic disease characterised by hypersensitivity to environmental allergens. Oclacitinib maleate selectively inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators associated with cAD. However, the impact of chronic oclacitinib use on immunocompetence requires further investigation. OBJECTIVES Herein, we examined the potential immunomodulatory effects of prolonged oclacitinib treatment in dogs. ANIMALS Thirteen privately owned dogs with cAD, treated with 0.4-0.6 mg/kg oclacitinib for 12 months. METHODS AND MATERIALS Pruritus level was evaluated using a pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) and the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index, 4th iteration (CADESI IV). Peripheral blood samples were collected for routine laboratory assays and lymphocyte subtypes were analysed using flow cytometry. Antigen-specific intracellular cytokine production from CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was analysed following in vitro stimulation by Dermatophagoides farinae antigens. RESULTS Oclacitinib treatment significantly reduced pVAS and CADESI-04 scores, by 51% and 86.7%, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed increased CD4+ and CD14+ lymphocyte populations. The cytokine profile at 360 days after treatment initiation was similar to that before treatment and was not associated with clinical relapse. CONCLUSION Oclacitinib, when administered at the currently labelled dose for one year, is associated with a significant increase in circulating CD4+ T cells, but does not alter cytokine production from antigen-stimulated T cells. The results reported do not support evidence for immunosuppression mediated by the mechanisms evaluated in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriane Pimenta da Costa-Val
- Clinics and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Presidente Antonio Carlos Av, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Matoso Lima Diamantino
- Clinics and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Presidente Antonio Carlos Av, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marina Moller Nogueira
- Clinics and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Presidente Antonio Carlos Av, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Otoni Alves de Oliveira Melo-Junior
- Celular Interactions Biology, Morfology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Presidente Antonio Carlos Av, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Celular Interactions Biology, Morfology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Presidente Antonio Carlos Av, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Denise da Silveira-Lemos
- Universidade José Do Rosário Vellano 50 Indaiá St, UNIFENAS, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-020, Brazil
| | - Marilia Martins Melo
- Clinics and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Presidente Antonio Carlos Av, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Atopic Dermatitis in Domestic Animals: What Our Current Understanding Is and How This Applies to Clinical Practice. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8070124. [PMID: 34357916 PMCID: PMC8310319 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a clinical syndrome that affects both people and animals. Dogs closely mimic the complexity of the human skin disease, and much progress has been made in recent years in terms of our understanding of the role of skin impairment and the identification of new treatments. Cats and horses also develop atopic syndromes which include both cutaneous and respiratory signs, yet studies in these species are lagging. It is now recognized that atopic dermatitis is not a single disease but a multifaceted clinical syndrome with different pathways in various subgroups of patients. Appreciating this complexity is clinically relevant as we develop more targeted treatments which may work well in some patients but not in others. Different phenotypes of atopic dermatitis have been described in dogs, and it is possible that phenotypes related to breed and age may exist in other animals similar to how they are described in people. The awareness of different mechanisms of disease leads to the desire to correlate different phenotypes with specific biomarkers and responses to treatment. In this review, the current understanding and updated information on atopic syndrome in animals are described, highlighting opportunities for further studies in the future.
Collapse
|
8
|
Marsella R. Advances in our understanding of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:547-e151. [PMID: 33891338 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically inherited clinical syndrome that encompasses a diversity of mechanisms and can have a variety of triggers. Development of clinical disease is the result of genetic factors and environmental conditions, which shape the resulting immunological response. Clinical disease becomes evident once a threshold of inflammatory response is achieved. Skin barrier impairment plays a role in promoting cutaneous dysbiosis and increased allergen penetration. Keratinocytes shape the response of dendritic cells and subsequent lymphocytic response. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is one of the links between the damaged skin barrier and the modulation of a T-helper (Th)2 response. It is still unclear whether mutations in skin barrier genes exist in atopic dogs, as they do in humans, or whether the observed alterations are purely secondary to inflammation. A dysregulated immune response with increased Th2, Th17 and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells has been reported. A variety of cytokines [interleukin(IL)-31, IL-34, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor] are proposed as potential biomarkers and treatment targets because they are increased in the serum of atopic dogs when compared to controls, although a correlation between serum levels of these factors and severity of disease is not always present. The main issue with many published studies is that atopic dogs are always only compared to normal controls. Thus, it is unclear whether the changes that we find are truly a signature of cAD or merely a manifestation of nonspecific broad inflammatory responses. Studies considering comparison with other inflammatory diseases different from cAD are urgently needed to correctly identify what is specific to this complicated syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Massimini M, Dalle Vedove E, Bachetti B, Di Pierro F, Ribecco C, D'Addario C, Pucci M. Polyphenols and Cannabidiol Modulate Transcriptional Regulation of Th1/Th2 Inflammatory Genes Related to Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:606197. [PMID: 33763461 PMCID: PMC7982812 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.606197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial allergic disease associated with immune and abnormal skin barrier dysfunction and it is one of the primary causes of pruritus. Using a novel in vitro model of AD, here we tried to revert the alteration of transcriptional regulation of AD canine key genes testing a nutraceutical mixture containing flavonoids, stilbene, and cannabinoids, which are already well-known for their applications within dermatology diseases. The nutraceutical mixture induced in inflamed cells a significant downregulation (p < 0.05) of the gene expression of ccl2, ccl17, and tslp in keratinocytes and of ccl2, ccl17, and il31ra in monocytes. Consistent with the observed alterations of tslp, ccl2, ccl17, and il31ra messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, a significant increase (p < 0.05) of DNA methylation at specific CpG sites on the gene regulatory regions was found. These results lay the foundation for the use of these natural bioactives in veterinary medicine and provide a model for deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action, with potential translation to human research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Becher A, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Heilmann RM. Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a diagnostic marker in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:516-527. [PMID: 33554784 DOI: 10.1177/1040638721992057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few routinely available biomarkers are clinically useful in assessing dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) and aid in CE subclassification. The diagnostic potential of the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has not been evaluated in canine CE. We evaluated the NLR in 93 dogs with CE (no steroid treatment for ≥2 wk prior) and tested for an association with clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic characteristics and also with CE subclassification. NLR was significantly higher in CE dogs with severe clinical disease than dogs with mild clinical disease (p = 0.047). Hypoalbuminemia (p < 0.001), but not hypocobalaminemia, was associated with higher NLRs. NLR was correlated with fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor concentrations (ρ = 0.47) and the serum-to-fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor ratio (ρ = -0.48; both p < 0.001) but not with serum or fecal inflammatory markers nor with the overall histologic score (all p > 0.05). Dogs with steroid- or other immunosuppressant-responsive (IRE) or nonresponsive enteropathy (NRE) had significantly higher NLRs (median: 7.3) than dogs with food-responsive enteropathy (FRE; median: 3.0; p = 0.003), and a NLR ≥5.5 best distinguished both groups of dogs. No difference in NLR was detected between dogs with IRE and dogs diagnosed with NRE. These findings suggest that leukogram changes (i.e., NLR) could be clinically useful in canine CE, and that neutrophils might play a role in the systemic inflammatory response associated with canine CE. The NLR can be easily assessed on routine hematology and can potentially aid in the subclassification of dogs with CE based on the response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Becher
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Romy M Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Asahina R, Ueda K, Oshima Y, Kanei T, Kato M, Furue M, Tsukui T, Nagata M, Maeda S. Serum canine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:446-455. [PMID: 32945018 PMCID: PMC7756442 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Serum TARC concentrations are a reliable biomarker for human atopic dermatitis; however, their potential as a biomarker for cAD has not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate whether serum TARC concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses for cAD. Animals Thirty‐nine dogs with cAD and 42 healthy dogs were recruited. Methods and materials Serum TARC concentrations in dogs with cAD and healthy dogs were measured by sandwich ELISA with anti‐canine TARC antibodies. The clinical severity of cAD was scored using the validated Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04). Serum TARC concentrations were compared between dogs with cAD and healthy controls, and their relationship with CADESI‐04 was examined. Serum TARC concentrations also were measured in 20 dogs with cAD treated with prednisolone or oclacitinib for four weeks. Results Serum TARC concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with cAD than in healthy dogs (P < 0.001). In dogs with cAD, serum TARC concentrations correlated with CADESI‐04 scores (ρ = 0.457, P < 0.01). Furthermore, serum TARC concentrations significantly decreased in treated dogs with the attenuation of clinical signs (P < 0.001). Changes in serum TARC concentrations before and after treatment correlated with those in CADESI‐04 scores (ρ = 0.746, P < 0.001). Conclusions and clinical relevance Serum TARC concentrations have potential as a clinical and research tool for the objective evaluation of disease severity and therapeutic responses for cAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Asahina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ueda
- Yokohama Yamate Dog and Cat Medical Center, 27-4 Kashiwaba Naka-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-0866, Japan
| | - Yuri Oshima
- Dermatology Services for Dogs and Cats, TANDEM Hirano Bld. 1F 2-11-14 Hirano Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0023, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kanei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Animal Life Science Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-1 Tairanoue Sasagawa Asaka-machi Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tsukui
- Animal Life Science Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-1 Tairanoue Sasagawa Asaka-machi Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nagata
- Dermatology Service, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, 815 Ishigami Kawaguchi, Saitama, 333-0823, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|