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Righi C, Franzoni G, Feliziani F, Jones C, Petrini S. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040785. [PMID: 37112697 PMCID: PMC10144493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as “bovine respiratory disease”. After an initial transient phase of immunosuppression, cattle recover from the disease. This is due to the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. With respect to adaptive immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are required to control infection. Thus, several BoHV-1 vaccines are designed to trigger both branches of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell-mediated immune responses directed against BoHV-1 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Petrini S, Martucciello A, Righi C, Cappelli G, Torresi C, Grassi C, Scoccia E, Costantino G, Casciari C, Sabato R, Giammarioli M, De Carlo E, Feliziani F. Assessment of Different Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Marker Vaccines in Calves. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081204. [PMID: 36016092 PMCID: PMC9412430 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three commercially available infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) live marker vaccines were evaluated for their ability to provide clinical protection to vaccinated calves against wild-type (wt) Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) challenge and their possible effect on wt BoHV-1 latency reactivation following the challenge. On 35 post-vaccination days (PVDs), all animals were challenged with wt BoHV-1. Only the calves in the control group developed severe forms of IBR. The reactivation of latent BoHV-1 was induced by dexamethasone (DMS) treatment on 28 post-challenge days (PCDs). All animals showed IBR clinical signs on three post-DMS treatment days (PDTDs). On PVD 14, all vaccinated animals developed neutralizing antibodies (NAs), whereas in control animals, the NAs appeared post-challenge. The positivity for glycoprotein-B (gB) was detected using real-time polymerase chain reactions in all animals from PCDs 1 to 7. In contrast, the gB-positivity was observed in the immunized calves from PDTDs 3 to 10. Positive expression of gD and gE was observed in nasal swabs of all calves on PDTD 7. These findings suggested that the IBR marker vaccines evaluated in this study protected against wt BoHV-1-induced disease but not against wt BoHV-1-induced latency reactivation, indicating the necessity of developing new products to protect animals from wt BoHV-1-induced latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-343-3069
| | - Alessandra Martucciello
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (C.G.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Giovanna Cappelli
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (C.G.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Claudia Torresi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Carlo Grassi
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (C.G.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Eleonora Scoccia
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulia Costantino
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Cristina Casciari
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Roberto Sabato
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Monica Giammarioli
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (C.G.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
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Liu CY, Guo H, Zhao HZ, Hou LN, Wen YJ, Wang FX. Recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus Type I Expressing the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 Protein Could Effectively Prevent Infection by Two Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081618. [PMID: 35893683 PMCID: PMC9331970 DOI: 10.3390/v14081618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a comprehensive disease in cattle caused by various viral and bacterial infections. Among them, bovine herpesvirus type I (BoHV−1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) play important roles and have caused huge financial losses for the cattle industry worldwide. At present, vaccines against BRDC include trivalent attenuated BoHV−1, BVDV−1, and BVDV−2 live vaccines, BoHV−1 live attenuated vaccines, and BoHV−1/BVDV bivalent live attenuated vaccines, which have limitations in terms of their safety and efficacy. To solve these problems, we optimized the codon of the BVDV−1 E2 gene, added the signal peptide sequence of the BoHV−1 gD gene, expressed double BVDV−1 E2 glycoproteins in tandem at the BoHV−1 gE gene site, and constructed a BoHV−1 genetics-engineered vectored vaccine with gE gene deletion, named BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2+ and BoHV−1 ΔgE. This study compared the protective effects in BoHV−1, BoHV−1 ΔgE, BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2+, and BVDV−1 inactivated antigen immunized guinea pigs and calves. The results showed that BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2+ could successfully induce guinea pigs and calves to produce specific neutralizing antibodies against BVDV−1. In addition, after BoHV−1 and BVDV−1 challenges, BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2+ can produce a specific neutralizing antibody response against BoHV−1 and BVDV−1 infections. Calves immunized with this type of virus can be distinguished as either vaccinated animals (gE-) or naturally infected animals (gE+). In summary, our data suggest that BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2+ and BoHV−1 ΔgE have great potential to prevent BVDV−1 or BoHV−1 infection.
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Ludwig-Begall LF, Lu J, Hosmillo M, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Mathijs E, Goodfellow I, Mauroy A, Thiry E. Replicative fitness recuperation of a recombinant murine norovirus - in vitro reciprocity of genetic shift and drift. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:510-522. [PMID: 32242791 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are recognized as the major cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Molecular mechanisms driving norovirus evolution are the accumulation of point mutations and recombination. Recombination can create considerable changes in a viral genome, potentially eliciting a fitness cost, which must be compensated via the adaptive capacity of a recombinant virus. We previously described replicative fitness reduction of the first in vitro generated WU20-CW1 recombinant murine norovirus, RecMNV. In this follow-up study, RecMNV's capability of replicative fitness recuperation and genetic characteristics of RecMNV progenies at early and late stages of an adaptation experiment were evaluated. Replicative fitness regain of the recombinant was demonstrated via growth kinetics and plaque size differences between viral progenies prior to and post serial in vitro passaging. Point mutations at consensus and sub-consensus population levels of early and late viral progenies were characterized via next-generation sequencing and putatively associated to fitness changes. To investigate the effect of genomic changes separately and in combination in the context of a lab-generated inter-MNV infectious virus, mutations were introduced into a recombinant WU20-CW1 cDNA for subsequent DNA-based reverse genetics recovery. We thus associated fitness loss of RecMNV to a C7245T mutation and functional VP2 (ORF3) truncation and demonstrated individual and cumulative compensatory effects of one synonymous OFR2 and two non-synonymous ORF1 consensus-level mutations acquired during successive rounds of in vitro replication. Our data provide evidence of viral adaptation in a controlled environment via genetic drift after genetic shift induced a fitness cost of an infectious recombinant norovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa F Ludwig-Begall
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jia Lu
- Present address: The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall House, Babraham, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Myra Hosmillo
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edmilson F de Oliveira-Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Mathijs
- Infectious diseases in animals, Sciensano, Ukkel, Belgium.,Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Axel Mauroy
- Staff direction for risk assessment, Control Policy, FASFC, Brussels, Belgium.,Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
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Coupeau D, Bayrou C, Baillieux P, Marichal A, Lenaerts AC, Caty C, Wiggers L, Kirschvink N, Desmecht D, Muylkens B. Host-dependence of in vitro reassortment dynamics among the Sathuperi and Shamonda Simbuviruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:381-395. [PMID: 30896304 PMCID: PMC6455117 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1586410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Orthobunyaviruses are arboviruses (Arthropod Borne Virus) and possess multipartite genomes made up of three negative RNAs corresponding to the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) segments. Reassortment and recombination are evolutionary driving forces of such segmented viruses and lead to the emergence of new strains and species. Retrospective studies based on phylogenetical analysis are able to evaluate these mechanisms at the end of the selection process but fail to address the dynamics of emergence. This issue was addressed using two Orthobunyaviruses infecting ruminants and belonging to the Simbu serogroup: the Sathuperi virus (SATV) and the Shamonda virus (SHAV). Both viruses were associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformations occurring after transplacental transmission and were suspected to spread together in different ruminant and insect populations. This study showed that different viruses related to SHAV and SATV are spreading simultaneously in ruminants and equids of the Sub-Saharan region. Their reassortment and recombination potential was evaluated in mammalian and in insect contexts. A method was set up to determine the genomic background of any clonal progeny viruses isolated after in vitro coinfections assays. All the reassortment combinations were generated in both contexts while no recombinant virus was isolated. Progeny virus populations revealed a high level of reassortment in mammalian cells and a much lower level in insect cells. In vitro selection pressure that mimicked the host switching (insect-mammal) revealed that the best adapted reassortant virus was connected with an advantageous replicative fitness and with the presence of a specific segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Coupeau
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Calixte Bayrou
- b Department of Morphology and Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Liège Liège , Belgium
| | - Pierre Baillieux
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Axel Marichal
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Anne-Cécile Lenaerts
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Céline Caty
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Laetitia Wiggers
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- b Department of Morphology and Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Liège Liège , Belgium
| | - Benoît Muylkens
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
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Hidayati DN, Untari T, Wibowo MH, Akiyama K, Asmara W. Cloning and sequencing gB, gD, and gM genes to perform the genetic variability of bovine herpesvirus-1 from Indonesia. Vet World 2018; 11:1255-1261. [PMID: 30410230 PMCID: PMC6200558 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1255-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Previous research has shown that bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in Indonesia was closely related to subtype-1 based on glycoprotein D genes. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of the BHV-1 isolated from the recent case in Indonesia not only based on gD but also other genes such as gB and gM and to study the homology and similarity of the sample to other BHV-1 isolated in other countries or regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were drawn from the tracheal organ in recent field case and prepared for DNA extraction. The gB, gD, and gM were amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) with our specifically designed primer pair and based on the specified bands of 350 bp gB, 325 bp gD, and 734 bp gM confirmed as BHV-1. The PCR product was ligated into pGEM-T and transformed into competent Escherichia coli. The purified plasmid was subsequently sequenced. RESULTS The virus sample isolated from the recent field case of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) from Indonesia showed variability based on the gB, gD, and gM sequences. However, all of the genes had high similarity (98-100%) to BHV-1.2. CONCLUSION The recent field case of IBR in Indonesia was similar to BHV-1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Noor Hidayati
- Doctoral Program, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2, Caturtunggal, Depok, Karangmalang, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- PUSVETMA (Pusat Veteriner Farma), The Ministry of Agriculture of The Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Frontage Ahmad Yani Siwalankerto No. 68-70, Ketintang, Gayungan, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60231, Indonesia
| | - Tri Untari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2, Caturtunggal, Depok, Karangmalang, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Michael Haryadi Wibowo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2, Caturtunggal, Depok, Karangmalang, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Advanced Research Support Centre (ADRES), Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Widya Asmara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2, Caturtunggal, Depok, Karangmalang, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection is widespread and causes a variety of diseases. Although similar in many respects to the human immune response to human herpesvirus 1, the differences in the bovine virus proteins, immune system components and strategies, physiology, and lifestyle mean the bovine immune response to BHV-1 is unique. The innate immune system initially responds to infection, and primes a balanced adaptive immune response. Cell-mediated immunity, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing of infected cells, is critical to recovery from infection. Humoral immunity, including neutralizing antibody and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is important to prevention or control of (re-)infection. BHV-1 immune evasion strategies include suppression of major histocompatibility complex presentation of viral antigen, helper T-cell killing, and latency. Immune suppression caused by the virus potentiates secondary infections and contributes to the costly bovine respiratory disease complex. Vaccination against BHV-1 is widely practiced. The many vaccines reported include replicating and non-replicating, conventional and genetically engineered, as well as marker and non-marker preparations. Current development focuses on delivery of major BHV-1 glycoproteins to elicit a balanced, protective immune response, while excluding serologic markers and virulence or other undesirable factors. In North America, vaccines are used to prevent or reduce clinical signs, whereas in some European Union countries marker vaccines have been employed in the eradication of BHV-1 disease.
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Coupeau D, Claine F, Wiggers L, Kirschvink N, Muylkens B. In vivo and in vitro identification of a hypervariable region in Schmallenberg virus. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1168-1174. [PMID: 23364190 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.051821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Detected for the first time in 2011, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup that caused a large outbreak in European ruminants. In a tight time frame, data have been obtained on SBV epidemiology and the clinical pictures associated with this new viral infection, but little information is available on the molecular biology of SBV. In this study, SBV sequence variability was characterized from the central nervous system of two stillborn lambs in a naturally infected herd. A hypervariable region (HVR) was detected in the N-terminal region of the SBV Gc glycoprotein through sequencing and analysis of the two full-length genomes representative of intra-herd SBV dissemination. In vitro growth assays coupled with full-length genome sequencing were performed on the two isolates after successive cellular passages, showing an in vitro adaptation of SBV and mutation accumulation inside the HVR in the absence of immune selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Coupeau
- Veterinary Integrated Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (FUNDP), 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - François Claine
- Veterinary Integrated Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (FUNDP), 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Wiggers
- Veterinary Integrated Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (FUNDP), 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Veterinary Integrated Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (FUNDP), 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Muylkens
- Veterinary Integrated Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (FUNDP), 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Mathijs E, Muylkens B, Mauroy A, Ziant D, Delwiche T, Thiry E. Experimental evidence of recombination in murine noroviruses. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2723-33. [PMID: 20702654 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.024109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on sequencing data, norovirus (NoV) recombinants have been described, but no experimental evidence of recombination in NoVs has been documented. Using the murine norovirus (MNV) model, we investigated the occurrence of genetic recombination between two co-infecting wild-type MNV isolates in RAW cells. The design of a PCR-based genotyping tool allowed accurate discrimination between the parental genomes and the detection of a viable recombinant MNV (Rec MNV) in the progeny viruses. Genetic analysis of Rec MNV identified a homologous-recombination event located at the ORF1-ORF2 overlap. Rec MNV exhibited distinct growth curves and produced smaller plaques than the wild-type MNV in RAW cells. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that MNV undergoes homologous recombination at the previously described recombination hot spot for NoVs, suggesting that the MNV model might be suitable for in vitro studies of NoV recombination. Moreover, the results show that exchange of genetic material between NoVs can generate viruses with distinct biological properties from the parental viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mathijs
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Viral Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Immunization and challenge experiments with a new modified live bovine herpesvirus type 1 marker vaccine prototype adjuvanted with a co-polymer. Vaccine 2010; 28:5871-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The application of polymerase chain reaction in detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in clinical samples. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/avb1001039n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Muylkens B, Thiry J, Kirten P, Schynts F, Thiry E. Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Vet Res 2007; 38:181-209. [PMID: 17257569 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Muylkens
- Virology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Muylkens B, Meurens F, Schynts F, Farnir F, Pourchet A, Bardiau M, Gogev S, Thiry J, Cuisenaire A, Vanderplasschen A, Thiry E. Intraspecific bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants carrying glycoprotein E deletion as a vaccine marker are virulent in cattle. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2149-2154. [PMID: 16847110 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines used in control programmes of Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) utilize highly attenuated BoHV-1 strains marked by a deletion of the glycoprotein E (gE) gene. Since BoHV-1 recombinants are obtained at high frequency in experimentally coinfected cattle, the consequences of recombination on the virulence of gE-negative BoHV-1 were investigated. Thus, gE-negative BoHV-1 recombinants were generated in vitro from several virulent BoHV-1 and one mutant BoHV-1 deleted in the gC and gE genes. Four gE-negative recombinants were tested in the natural host. All the recombinants were more virulent than the gE-negative BoHV-1 vaccine and the gC- and gE-negative parental BoHV-1. The gE-negative recombinant isolated from a BoHV-1 field strain induced the highest severe clinical score. Latency and reactivation studies showed that three of the recombinants were reexcreted. Recombination can therefore restore virulence of gE-negative BoHV-1 by introducing the gE deletion into a different virulence background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Muylkens
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | - François Meurens
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | | | - Frédéric Farnir
- Department of Animal Production, Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | - Aldo Pourchet
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | - Marjorie Bardiau
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | - Sacha Gogev
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | - Julien Thiry
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | - Adeline Cuisenaire
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium
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Thiry E, Muylkens B, Meurens F, Gogev S, Thiry J, Vanderplasschen A, Schynts F. Recombination in the alphaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 1. Vet Microbiol 2005; 113:171-7. [PMID: 16343820 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herpesviruses are DNA viruses characterized by a low rate of nucleotide substitution. Therefore, other mechanisms must be involved to their evolution, like recombination that can be seen as an essential evolutionary driving force of these viruses. Recombination contributes to the long-term evolution of alphaherpesviruses. It acts also to continuously create new alphaherpesvirus strains. We have used bovine herpesvirus 1 to investigate recombination both within DNA concatemers in infected cells and in vitro and in vivo at the end of the lytic cycle. The following results have been obtained: (i) intramolecular recombination occurs at the level of concatemers and gives rise to genomic segment inversions; (ii) intraspecific recombination occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo; (iii) interspecific recombination is possible and requires two highly genetically related viruses; (iv) only simultaneous or closely separated infections lead to the production of recombinant viruses; (v) recombination between wild-type and glycoprotein defective vaccine virus can produce a glycoprotein defective virus keeping part of the virulence of parental wild-type virus. Recombination, by exchanging genomic segments, may modify the virulence of alphaherpesviruses. It must be carefully assessed for the biosafety of antiviral therapy, alphaherpesvirus-based vectors and live attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Thiry
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Bd de Colonster 20, B43b, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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