1
|
Shivambu N, Shivambu TC, Downs CT. Survey of non‐native small mammals traded in South Africa. Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ndivhuwo Shivambu
- Centre for Excellence in Invasion Biology, and Centre for Functional Biodiversity School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - Tinyiko C. Shivambu
- Centre for Excellence in Invasion Biology, and Centre for Functional Biodiversity School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - Colleen T. Downs
- Centre for Excellence in Invasion Biology, and Centre for Functional Biodiversity School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barroso P, Acevedo P, Vicente J. The importance of long-term studies on wildlife diseases and their interfaces with humans and domestic animals: A review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1895-1909. [PMID: 33179417 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term wildlife disease research (LTWDR) and its interfaces with humans and domestic animals provide perspective to understand the diseases' main drivers and how they operate. In a systematic review, we analysed the temporal trend of the studies on LTWDR, their aims, and the hosts, pathogens and geographic areas studied. We also evaluated the added value that such studies provide. For analysis, we selected a total of 538 articles from 1993 to 2017 with a study period greater than or equal to 4 consecutive years. A marked increase in the number of studies published during the last 20 years was observed that reflects a growing awareness of the outstanding role of wildlife as a reservoir of diseases. The most studied pathogen agents were viruses (39.2%), bacteria (38.5%) and protozoans (15.8%). Concerning the hosts, mammals (84.9%), particularly ungulates (40%) and carnivores (30.9%), and birds (12.5%) were the most represented in these long-term studies. Most articles reached conclusions concerning the effect of the disease on the infection/host dynamics (98.7%) and over 40% considered the economic consequences or proposed management and control measures. The research was mainly located in the Northern Hemisphere. While the definition of LTWDR is not only determined by the duration of the monitoring, the study must be long enough to: (a) address ecological and epidemiological questions that cannot be resolved with short-term observations or experiments, and (b) clarify the effects of different drivers. This review demonstrates that LTWDR has provided information about the causes and consequences of disease change that otherwise could not have been obtained. It may be used to inform decisions related to the emergence of disease and might help to design early warning systems of disease based on retrospective investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Barroso
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Joaquin Vicente
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,E.T.S. de Ingenieros Agrónomos de Ciudad Real, Ronda de Calatrava, Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shivambu N, Shivambu TC, Downs CT. Assessing the potential impacts of non-native small mammals in the South African pet trade. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.60.52871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pet trade is one of the most important pathways by which small mammals are introduced to non-native areas. To prevent the introduction and invasion of non-native pets, an impact assessment protocol is useful in understanding which pets might have potential negative impacts should they escape or be released from captivity. In this study, we used the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) to assess the potential effects associated with 24 non-native small mammal species sold in the South African pet trade. European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, house mice Mus musculus, Norwegian rats Rattus norvegicus and eastern grey squirrels Sciurus carolinensis had the highest potential impacts for both socio-economic and environmental categories. We found no statistically significant difference between the overall environmental and socio-economic impact scores. Impacts on agricultural and animal production (livestock) were the main mechanisms in the socio-economic category, while the impacts on animals (predation), competition and hybridisation prevailed for environmental impacts. The non-native mammal pet species with high impacts should be strictly regulated to prevent the potential impacts and establishment of feral populations in South Africa.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lopes BC, Dos Reis EM, de Bitencourt FBR, Loiko MR, Bezerra AVA, Bueno TS, Lape IT, Cerva C, Coppola MDM, Rodrigues RO, Vargas JE, Bertagnolli AC, Mayer FQ. A molecular strategy to optimize bovine tuberculosis post-mortem diagnosis and the exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7291-7296. [PMID: 32783088 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis, for which the definitive diagnosis is accomplished by bacterial isolation, which has biosafety issues and requires long time. Thus, diagnostic methods with potential to be faster and more efficient can represent an advance in bTB epidemiological knowledge and decrease exposure to M. tuberculosis var. bovis. This study aimed to validate a molecular test for bTB post-mortem diagnosis, as a strategy to reduce waste in bovine production. A total of 185 tissues from animals of infected herds or with suspected lesions at abattoir were evaluated through bacterial isolation, PCR and histopathology. PCR and histopathology showed sensitivities of 45.1% and 71.2%, respectively, and specificities of 83.3% and 83.0%, respectively, when compared to bacterial isolation. The combination of both tests resulted in enhanced specificity and positive predictive values.Therefore, PCR in conjunction with histopathology may be used as screening, in which concordant results can be considered conclusive, and discordant results may be submitted to bacterial isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Correa Lopes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Emily Marques Dos Reis
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bastos Rubin de Bitencourt
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Loiko
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Feevale - Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, RS-239, 2755, Brazil
| | - André Vinícius Andrade Bezerra
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Silveira Bueno
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isadora Tadeval Lape
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division - Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, BRLMC312, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cristine Cerva
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mário de Menezes Coppola
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogério Oliveira Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituo de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angélica Cavalheiro Bertagnolli
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Respiratory Diseases of Ferrets. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7258710 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress and poor husbandry conditions are important factors that predispose ferrets to respiratory infections. The most common respiratory diseases of ferrets are canine distemper and influenza. Bacterial pneumonia is uncommon and usually develops secondary to viral pneumonia. Pulmonary mycoses are also rare in ferrets, although cases of cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis have been described.
Collapse
|
6
|
Komatsu T, Ohya K, Sawai K, Odoi JO, Otsu K, Ota A, Ito T, Kawai M, Maruyama F. Draft genome sequences of Mycolicibacterium peregrinum isolated from a pig with lymphadenitis and from soil on the same Japanese pig farm. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:341. [PMID: 31208450 PMCID: PMC6580614 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mycolicibacterium peregrinum, a rapidly growing mycobacterial species, can opportunistically infect humans and other animals. Although M. peregrinum infections in animals have been reported, the infection sources are unknown, as is information on its virulence and drug resistant genes, which limits our current understanding of this bacterium. To address this knowledge gap, we obtained draft genome sequences for two M. peregrinum isolates; one from a case of pig lymphadenitis and one from the pig farm’s soil. Data description We report here the draft genome sequences of M. peregrinum isolates 131_1 and 138 (6,451,733-bp and 6,479,047-bp). They were isolated from a pig with mesenteric lymph node lymphadenitis and from soil on the Japanese farm where the pig was reared. A sequence alignment identity score of 100% was obtained by in silico DNA–DNA hybridization of the two isolates, while 98.28% (isolate 131_1) and 98.27% (isolate 138) scores were recorded for hybridization with a human isolate. Both isolates carry arr-1, AAC(2′)-Ib, RbpA, mtrA and tap drug-resistance genes. Isolates 131_1 and 138 carry 234 and 236 putative virulence genes, respectively. Therefore, environment M. peregrinum is potentially drug resistant and can cause swine lymphadenitis. Our data provides valuable new information for future studies on nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Komatsu
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizouno, Miaicho, Okazaki, 4440805, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan.,Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sawai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan.,Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050856, Japan
| | - Justice Opare Odoi
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan
| | - Keiko Otsu
- Gifu Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011112, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ota
- Data Science Center, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 6300192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068501, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteome Research, Proteome Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kawai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068501, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068501, Japan. .,Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, 4811230, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Algammal AM, Wahdan A, Elhaig MM. Potential efficiency of conventional and advanced approaches used to detect Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Microb Pathog 2019; 134:103574. [PMID: 31170450 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence and efficiency of techniques for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Gamma interferon assay (IFN-γ) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in comparison to skin tuberculin test and culture technique. A total of 2600 cross-breed dairy cattle in Menoufia and Daqahlia governorates were tested by the single intradermal tuberculin test where the disease prevalence was 1.8%. Serum and whole blood samples were collected from positive tuberculin reactors for ELISA and IFN-γ assay, respectively. After slaughtering of positive tuberculin reactors, the post-mortem examination was carried out and tissue samples were collected for the bacteriological examination and PCR. The percentage of visible lesions of tuberculin reactors was 78.7%, while non-visible lesions were 21.27%. Culture technique revealed that the percentage of bTB was 63.8%. The ELISA and IFN-γ assay using short-term culture filtrate (ST-CF) prepared antigen revealed higher sensitivity (72.3% and 82.9%) than the bovine purified protein derivative (PPD-B) antigen. Although prepared ST-CF antigen has great efficiency and eligibility for the diagnosis of bTB, PCR appeared to have a higher sensitivity (85.1%) than other diagnostic methods when dealing with post-mortem samples. Gamma interferon assay using ST-CF antigen is recommended for antemortem diagnosis of bTB in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ali Wahdan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elhaig
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dequéant B, Pascal Q, Bilbault H, Dagher E, Boschiroli ML, Cordonnier N, Reyes-Gomez E. Identification of Mycobacterium genavense natural infection in a domestic ferret. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:133-136. [PMID: 30475677 PMCID: PMC6505761 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718812137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-y-old neutered male ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) was presented because of a 1-mo history of progressive weight loss, chronic cough, and hair loss. On clinical examination, the animal was coughing, slightly depressed, moderately hypothermic, and had bilateral epiphora. Thoracic radiography was suggestive of severe multinodular interstitial pneumonia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric and pancreaticoduodenal lymphadenopathy. Fine-needle aspiration of the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node, followed by routine Romanowsky and Ziehl-Neelsen stains, revealed numerous macrophages containing myriad acid-fast bacilli, leading to identification of mycobacteriosis. Autopsy and histologic examination confirmed the presence of disseminated, poorly defined, acid-fast, bacilli-rich granulomas in the pancreaticoduodenal and mesenteric lymph nodes, intestines, and lungs. Destaining of May-Grünwald/Giemsa-stained slides with alcohol, and then restaining with Ziehl-Neelsen, revealed acid-fast rods and avoided repeat tissue sampling without affecting the Ziehl-Neelsen stain quality and cytologic features. Tissue samples were submitted for a PCR assay targeting the heat shock protein gene ( hsp65) and revealed 100% homology with Mycobacterium genavense. We emphasize the use of special stains and PCR for identification of this potential zoonotic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Dequéant
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Quentin Pascal
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Héloïse Bilbault
- Héloïse Bilbault, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 7 rue du General de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Elie Dagher
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Maria-Laura Boschiroli
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Nathalie Cordonnier
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Price-Carter M, Brauning R, de Lisle GW, Livingstone P, Neill M, Sinclair J, Paterson B, Atkinson G, Knowles G, Crews K, Crispell J, Kao R, Robbe-Austerman S, Stuber T, Parkhill J, Wood J, Harris S, Collins DM. Whole Genome Sequencing for Determining the Source of Mycobacterium bovis Infections in Livestock Herds and Wildlife in New Zealand. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:272. [PMID: 30425997 PMCID: PMC6218598 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to DNA fingerprint Mycobacterium bovis isolates helped to define the role of wildlife in the persistence of bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand. DNA fingerprinting results currently help to guide wildlife control measures and also aid in tracing the source of infections that result from movement of livestock. During the last 5 years we have developed the ability to distinguish New Zealand (NZ) M. bovis isolates by comparing the sequences of whole genome sequenced (WGS) M. bovis samples. WGS provides much higher resolution than our other established typing methods and greatly improves the definition of the regional localization of NZ M. bovis types. Three outbreak investigations are described and results demonstrate how WGS analysis has led to the confirmation of epidemiological sourcing of infection, to better definition of new sources of infection by ruling out other possible sources, and has revealed probable wildlife infection in an area considered to be free of infected wildlife. The routine use of WGS analyses for sourcing new M. bovis infections will be an important component of the strategy employed to eradicate bovine TB from NZ livestock and wildlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Garry Knowles
- Aquaculture Veterinary Services Ltd., Clyde, New Zealand
| | | | - Joseph Crispell
- University College Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rowland Kao
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Suelee Robbe-Austerman
- Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tod Stuber
- Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harris
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Desmond M Collins
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Davendralingam N, Davagnanam I, Stidworthy MF, Baldrey V, Peters LM, Stapleton N. Transmission of Mycobacterium xenopi to a pet albino ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) from a domestic aquarium. Vet Rec 2017; 181:vetrec-2016-104250. [PMID: 28774941 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A three-year-old ferret presented with a three-month history of rapid clinical deterioration necessitating euthanasia shortly after initial veterinary assessment. Postmortem PCR testing confirmed Mycobacterium xenopi which is most commonly identified in amphibians, reptiles and aquatic life. Infection of a captive-bred domestic ferret is highly unusual. A collaborative effort involving medical doctors, clinical veterinarians and veterinary pathologists investigated the potential sources of human-animal, animal-animal and environmental-animal M xenopi transmission. No human-animal or animal-animal risks were identified. As the affected ferret was the only ferret to have regular exposure to the owner's aquarium, a postmortem study of a dead guppy and aquarium water analysis were performed which confirmed mycobacteriosis. Although M xenopi was not specifically cultured, as a slow-growing organism, M xenopi may have been outgrown by more rapidly growing mycobacteria or Gram-positive bacilli present in the water. Thus, transmission of M xenopi via aquarium exposure was certainly plausible. This is the second documented case of M xenopi in a ferret and the first to determine a source of infection. This report highlights the previously recognised risk of mycobacterial exposure from aquaria and that caution is required before allowing domestic ferrets to have contact with potentially infected water reservoirs due to its fatal nature in this vulnerable species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Davendralingam
- Department of Radiology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | | | - Mark Frederick Stidworthy
- Department of Pathology, International Zoo Veterinary Group, Keighley, West Yorkshire, UK
- Department of Pathology, IZVG, Leeds, UK
| | - Vicki Baldrey
- Beaumont Sainsbury Animal Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | | | - Nadene Stapleton
- Beaumont Sainsbury Animal Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crispell J, Zadoks RN, Harris SR, Paterson B, Collins DM, de-Lisle GW, Livingstone P, Neill MA, Biek R, Lycett SJ, Kao RR, Price-Carter M. Using whole genome sequencing to investigate transmission in a multi-host system: bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:180. [PMID: 28209138 PMCID: PMC5314462 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is an important livestock disease raising public health and economic concerns around the world. In New Zealand, a number of wildlife species are implicated in the spread and persistence of bTB in cattle populations, most notably the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Whole Genome Sequenced (WGS) M. bovis isolates sourced from infected cattle and wildlife across New Zealand were analysed. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were conducted to estimate the substitution rate of the sampled population and investigate the role of wildlife. In addition, the utility of WGS was examined with a view to these methods being incorporated into routine bTB surveillance. Results A high rate of exchange was evident between the sampled wildlife and cattle populations but directional estimates of inter-species transmission were sensitive to the sampling strategy employed. A relatively high substitution rate was estimated, this, in combination with a strong spatial signature and a good agreement to previous typing methods, acts to endorse WGS as a typing tool. Conclusions In agreement with the current knowledge of bTB in New Zealand, transmission of M. bovis between cattle and wildlife was evident. Without direction, these estimates are less informative but taken in conjunction with the low prevalence of bTB in New Zealand’s cattle population it is likely that, currently, wildlife populations are acting as the main bTB reservoir. Wildlife should therefore continue to be targeted if bTB is to be eradicated from New Zealand. WGS will be a considerable aid to bTB eradication by greatly improving the discriminatory power of molecular typing data. The substitution rates estimated here will be an important part of epidemiological investigations using WGS data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3569-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Crispell
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Simon R Harris
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brent Paterson
- TBfree New Zealand, PO Box 3412, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Mark A Neill
- TBfree New Zealand, PO Box 3412, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Roman Biek
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Samantha J Lycett
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Rowland R Kao
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patané JS, Martins J, Castelão AB, Nishibe C, Montera L, Bigi F, Zumárraga MJ, Cataldi AA, Junior AF, Roxo E, Osório ALA, Jorge KS, Thacker TC, Almeida NF, Araújo FR, Setubal JC. Patterns and processes of Mycobacterium bovis evolution revealed by phylogenomic analyses. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:2992613. [PMID: 28201585 PMCID: PMC5381553 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is an important animal pathogen worldwide that parasitizes wild and domesticated vertebrate livestock as well as humans. A comparison of the five M. bovis complete genomes from the United Kingdom, South Korea, Brazil, and the United States revealed four novel large-scale structural variations of at least 2,000 bp. A comparative phylogenomic study including 2,483 core genes of 38 taxa from eight countries showed conflicting phylogenetic signal among sites. By minimizing this effect, we obtained a tree that better agrees with sampling locality. Results supported a relatively basal position of African strains (all isolated from Homo sapiens ), confirming that Africa was an important region for early diversification and that humans were one of the earliest hosts. Selection analyses revealed that functional categories such as “Lipid transport and metabolism,” “Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning” and “Cell motility” were significant for the evolution of the group, besides other categories previously described, showing importance of genes associated with virulence and cholesterol metabolism in the evolution of M. bovis . PE/PPE genes, many of which are known to be associated with virulence, were major targets for large-scale polymorphisms, homologous recombination, and positive selection, evincing for the first time a plethora of evolutionary forces possibly contributing to differential adaptability in M. bovis . By assuming different priors, US strains originated and started to diversify around 150–5,210 ya. By further analyzing the largest set of US genomes to date (76 in total), obtained from 14 host species, we detected that hosts were not clustered in clades (except for a few cases), with some faster-evolving strains being detected, suggesting fast and ongoing reinfections across host species, and therefore, the possibility of new bovine tuberculosis outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José S.L. Patané
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Christiane Nishibe
- Faculdade de Computação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Montera
- Faculdade de Computação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuária, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Angel A. Cataldi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuária, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Antônio Fonseca Junior
- Rede de Laboratórios Agropecuários do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliana Roxo
- Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, IB-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza A.R. Osório
- Programa em Ciência Animal Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Klaudia S. Jorge
- Programa em Ciência Animal Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Tyler C. Thacker
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Nalvo F. Almeida
- Faculdade de Computação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - João C. Setubal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bezos J, Álvarez-Carrión B, Rodríguez-Bertos A, Fernández-Manzano Á, de Juan L, Huguet C, Briones V, Romero B. Evidence of disseminated infection by Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis in a pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Res Vet Sci 2016; 109:52-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
14
|
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium interjectum Strain ATCC 51457
T. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00452-16. [PMID: 27231376 PMCID: PMC4882957 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00452-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium interjectum is a nontuberculosis species rarely responsible for human infection. The draft genome of M. interjectum ATCC 51457T comprises 5,927,979 bp, exhibiting 67.91% G+C content, 5,314 protein-coding genes, and 51 predicted RNA genes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mentré V, Bulliot C. A Retrospective Study of 17 Cases of Mycobacteriosis in Domestic Ferrets ( Mustela Putorius furo) between 2005 and 2013. J Exot Pet Med 2015; 24:340-349. [PMID: 32288684 PMCID: PMC7106324 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
From 2005 to 2013, 17 ferrets were diagnosed with mycobacteriosis at the authors’ practices. Clinical findings included ocular, respiratory, and digestive abnormalities. Diagnosis was based on histopathology, specific histochemical stains, and/or on polymerase chain reaction. All bacteria identified belonged to the nontuberculous Mycobacterium complex. Several treatment protocols were attempted, frequently based on the use of enrofloxacin. In all, 3 ferrets were considered cured. Mycobacteriosis in ferrets is a polymorphous disease with diverse clinical presentations. It is also likely an underdiagnosed disease in pet ferrets, which appear to be particularly susceptible to environmental sources. Mycobacteriosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for ocular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases; in particular, it should be differentiated from systemic coronavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Mentré
- Clinique Vétérinaire de la Patte d'Oie, Montigny les Cormeilles, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Byrom AE, Caley P, Paterson BM, Nugent G. Feral ferrets (Mustela furo) as hosts and sentinels of tuberculosis in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2015; 63 Suppl 1:42-53. [PMID: 25495945 PMCID: PMC4699325 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2014.981314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The control and eventual eradication of bovine tuberculosis (TB) poses major challenges in New Zealand, given the variety of wildlife species susceptible to TB, many of which are capable of onwards transmission of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Here we discuss the role of feral ferrets (Mustela furo), focussing on potential transmission or risk pathways that have implications for management of TB. Firstly inter-specific transmission to ferrets. Ferrets scavenge potentially infected wildlife, including other ferrets, thus prevalence of TB can be amplified through ferrets feeding on tuberculous carcasses, particularly brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Secondly intra-specific transmission between ferrets. The rate of ferret-ferret transmission depends on population density, and in some places ferret densities exceed the estimated threshold for disease persistence. TB can therefore potentially be maintained independently of other sources of infection. Thirdly transmission from ferrets to other wildlife. These include the main wildlife maintenance host, brushtail possums, that will occasionally scavenge potentially tuberculous ferret carcasses. Fourthly transmission from ferrets to livestock. This is considered to occur occasionally, but the actual rate of transmission has never been measured. Fifthly geographical spread. M. bovis-infected ferrets can travel large distances and cause new outbreaks of TB at locations previously free of TB, which may have caused an expansion of TB-endemic areas.Ferrets play a complex role in the TB cycle in New Zealand; they are capable of contracting, amplifying and transmitting M. bovis infection, sometimes resulting in ferret populations with a high prevalence of TB. However, ferret population densities are usually too low to sustain infection independently, and transmission to other wildlife or livestock appears a rarer event than with possums. Nevertheless, management of ferrets remains a key part of the National Pest Management Strategy for TB. Control is prudent where M. bovis-infected ferret populations exist in high numbers, to reduce the onward transmission risk of any self-sustained infection to livestock. When ferret numbers are well below the theoretical disease maintenance threshold, ferret control is still sometimes warranted because of the animals’ ability to acquire infection when young and, through dispersal, transport it outside TB-endemic areas. Ferrets can also be used as disease sentinels for TB, especially in areas where alternative sentinel species are rare or expensive to survey, and when sampling of possums is not cost-effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Byrom
- a Wildlife Ecology and Management Team , Landcare Research , Lincoln , New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) belong to the ancient family Mustelidae, which is believed to date back to the Eocene period, some 40 million years ago. The taxonomic groups in the family Mustelidae, as recognized by Nowak (1999), include 67 species in 25 genera from North, Central, and South America; Eurasia; and Africa. No other carnivore shows such diversity of adaptation, being found in a wide variety of ecosystems ranging from arctic tundra to tropical rainforests. Mustelids have retained many primitive characteristics, which include relatively small size, short stocky legs, five toes per foot, elongated braincase, and short rostrum (Anderson, 1989). The Mustelinae is the central subfamily of the Mustelidae. The best-known members of the Mustelinae are the weasels, mink, ferrets (genus Mustela), and the martens (genus Martes) (Anderson, 1989). The genus Mustela is divided into five subgenera: Mustela (weasels), Lutreola (European mink), Vison (American mink), Putorius (ferrets), and Grammogale (South American weasels). The smallest member of the Mustelidae family is the least weasel (Mustela nivalis), which weighs as little as 25 g, and the largest member is the sea otter (Enhydra lutris), which can weigh as much as 45 kg (Nowak, 1999).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Mayer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens, Georgia
| | - Robert P. Marini
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakata M, Miwa Y, Tsuboi M, Uchida K. Mycobacteriosis in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:705-9. [PMID: 24419874 PMCID: PMC4073339 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old spayed female ferret presented with a 2-month history of anorexia, vomiting and occasional diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed thickening of the gastric wall and enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Biopsy samples from the thickened gastric wall, enlarged abdominal lymph nodes and liver were taken during an exploratory laparotomy. Based on the histopathological examination, mycobacterium infection was diagnosed. The bacterial species could not be identified by additional diagnostic tests of feces, including fecal smear, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ferret was treated with prednisolone and multiple antimicrobials, including rifampicin, azithromycin and enrofloxacin, but did not improve with treatment and died 220 days after the first presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakata
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, 1-25-5 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0003, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nukui Y, Nakamura H, Ishioka H, Miyamoto H, Okamoto A, Kazumi Y, Yotsuyanagi H, Moriya K, Hatakeyama S. Synovitis of the wrist caused by Mycobacterium florentinum. Infection 2013; 42:437-40. [PMID: 24264693 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium florentinum is a newly identified, rare, slow-growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Here, we report a case of M. florentinum-induced synovitis of the wrist in an immunocompromised Japanese patient. M. florentinum was identified by sequence analysis of the rpoB, hsp65, and 16S rRNA genes. The M. florentinum strain in this study could not be differentiated from certain M. triplex strains by the hsp65 or 16S rRNA sequences alone, because they occasionally shared more than 99 % sequence identity. The isolated M. florentinum strain was only susceptible to clarithromycin and amikacin. Initially, the patient was treated with clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and ethambutol, and then with clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and rifampicin. To our knowledge, M. florentinum-induced synovitis has not been previously reported. Our results suggest that, in addition to other well-known pathogenic NTM, the recently identified M. florentinum strain should be considered as a possible cause of synovitis. Moreover, we should be cautious when identifying M. florentinum because this strain closely resembles M. triplex in genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nukui
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reppas G, Fyfe J, Foster S, Smits B, Martin P, Jardine J, Lam A, O'Brien C, Malik R. Detection and identification of mycobacteria in fixed stained smears and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using PCR. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:638-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Reppas
- Vetnostics; North Ryde New South Wales 2113 Australia
| | - J. Fyfe
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory; North Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - S. Foster
- Vetnostics; North Ryde New South Wales 2113 Australia
| | - B. Smits
- Gribbles Veterinary; Hamilton New Zealand
| | - P. Martin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; The University of Sydney; B14 New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - J. Jardine
- Vetpath; Ascot Western Australia 6104 Australia
| | - A. Lam
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital; Richardson Place North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - C. O'Brien
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - R. Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, Conference Centre B22; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Exotic small mammal medicine is a relatively new specialty area within veterinary medicine. Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents have long been used as animal models in human medical research investigations, resulting in a body of basic anatomic and physiologic information that can be used by veterinarians treating these species. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of veterinary articles that describe clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of gastrointestinal (GI) disease as it affects exotic small mammals. Although there is little reference material relating to exotic small mammal GI disease, patients are commonly presented to veterinary hospitals with digestive tract disorders. This article provides the latest information available for GI disease in ferrets (Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], GI lymphoma, systemic coronavirus, coccidiosis, and liver disease), rabbits (GI motility disorders, liver lobe torsion, astrovirus, and coccidiosis), guinea pigs (gastric dilatation volvulus [GDV]), rats (Taenia taeniaeformis), and hamsters (Clostridium difficile). Both noninfectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases are reviewed as well as the most up-to-date diagnostics and treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huynh
- Exotic Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Fregis, Arcueil, France
| | - Charly Pignon
- Exotic Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smits B, Willis R, Malik R, Studdert V, Collins DM, Kawakami P, Graham D, Fyfe JA. Case clusters of leproid granulomas in foxhounds in New Zealand and Australia. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:465-e88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Gupta A, McBride AM, Holder KA, Heggem B, Royal AB, Wakamatsu N. Pathology in practice. Severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia, enteritis, and lymphadenitis with numerous acid-fast bacteria (M xenopi). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:1427-9. [PMID: 22657925 DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.12.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Gupta
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Corner L, Gormley E, Pfeiffer D. Primary isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from bovine tissues: Conditions for maximising the number of positive cultures. Vet Microbiol 2012; 156:162-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
25
|
Barron HW, Rosenthal KL. Respiratory Diseases. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7152247 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-6621-7.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is an important disease in the feral ferret (Mustela putorius furo) of New Zealand; elsewhere, reports of tuberculosis in the ferret are sporadic. Genus Mycobacterium consists of aerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-positive, nonmotile bacteria that characteristically feature a cell wall rich in mycolic acids and esters. The epidemiology of mycobacteriosis in the ferrets of New Zealand involves complex interactions between ferrets, possums, and livestock. Investigators have shown that the ferret is highly susceptible only to Mycobacterium bovis infection and is more resistant to infection by other Mycobacterium spp. The principal site of all mycobacterial infection in the ferret is the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christal Pollock
- Lafeber Company, 24981 North 1400 East Road, Cornell, IL 61319, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
With urbanization, people live in close proximity to their pets. People often share their living quarters and furniture, and this proximity carries a new potential for pathogen transmission. In addition to the change in lifestyle with our pets, new exotic pets are being introduced to the pet industry regularly. Often, we are unfamiliar with specific clinical signs of diseases in these new exotic pets or the routes of transmission of pathogens for the particular species. This article reviews zoonoses that occur naturally in ferrets, hedgehogs, and sugar gliders, discussing the occurrence and clinical symptoms of these diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charly Pignon
- Exotics Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ludwig E, Reischl U, Holzmann T, Melzl H, Janik D, Gilch C, Hermanns W. Risk for Mycobacterium celatum infection from ferret. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:553-5. [PMID: 21392459 PMCID: PMC3166007 DOI: 10.3201/eid1703.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
29
|
Pate M, Zolnir-Dovč M, Kušar D, Krt B, Spičić S, Cvetnić Z, Ocepek M. The First Report of Mycobacterium celatum Isolation from Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and an Overview of Human Infections in Slovenia. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:432954. [PMID: 21647336 PMCID: PMC3103848 DOI: 10.4061/2011/432954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium celatum, a slowly growing potentially pathogenic mycobacterium first described in humans, is regarded as an uncommon cause of human infection, though capable of inducing invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts. According to some reports, a serious disease due to M. celatum may also occur in individuals with no apparent immunodeficiency. In animals, an M. celatum-related disease has been described in three cases only: twice in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) and once in a white-tailed trogon (Trogon viridis). In this paper, we report the first detection of M. celatum in a domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). A nation-wide overview of human M. celatum infections recorded in Slovenia between 2000 and 2010 is also given. Pulmonary disease due to M. celatum was recognized in one patient with a history of a preexisting lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Pate
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Infection of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteria. Vet J 2011; 188:231-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
31
|
McCallan L, Corbett D, Andersen PL, Aagaard C, McMurray D, Barry C, Thompson S, Strain S, McNair J. A New Experimental Infection Model in Ferrets Based on Aerosolised Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:981410. [PMID: 21547237 PMCID: PMC3087619 DOI: 10.4061/2011/981410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in developing vaccines to control bovine tuberculosis, especially in wildlife species where this disease continues to persist in reservoir species such as the European Badger (Meles meles). However, gaining access to populations of badgers (protected under UK law) is problematic and not always possible. In this study, a new infection model has been developed in ferrets (Mustela furo), a species which is closely related to the badger. Groups of ferrets were infected using a Madison infection chamber and were examined postmortem for the presence of tuberculous lesions and to provide tissue samples for confirmation of Mycobacterium bovis by culture. An infectious dose was defined, that establishes infection within the lungs and associated lymph nodes with subsequent spread to the mesentery lymph nodes. This model, which emphasises respiratory tract infection, will be used to evaluate vaccines for the control of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne McCallan
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The two most important molecular diagnostic techniques for bovine tuberculosis are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because of its rapid determination of infection, and DNA strain typing because of its ability to answer important epidemiological questions. PCR tests for Mycobacterium bovis have been improved through recent advances in PCR technology, but still lack the sensitivity of good culture methods, and in some situations are susceptible to giving both false negative and false positive results. Therefore, PCR does not usually replace the need for culture, but is used to provide fast preliminary results. DNA typing of M. bovis isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) was developed 25 years ago in New Zealand, and remains an important tool in the New Zealand control scheme, where the typing results are combined with other information to determine large and expensive possum poisoning operations. A range of other DNA typing systems developed for M. bovis in the 1990 s have assisted epidemiological investigations in some countries but are now less commonly used. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) typing and spoligotyping, either alone or together, have now become the preferred approaches as they are robust and amenable to electronic analysis and comparison. Spoligotyping gives only moderate discrimination but can be easily applied to large numbers of isolates, and VNTR typing provides better discrimination than all other methods except for REA. While the current typing techniques are sufficient for most epidemiological purposes, more discriminating methods are likely to become available in the near future.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gortazar C, Torres MJ, Acevedo P, Aznar J, Negro JJ, de la Fuente J, Vicente J. Fine-tuning the space, time, and host distribution of mycobacteria in wildlife. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:27. [PMID: 21288321 PMCID: PMC3040691 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We describe the diversity of two kinds of mycobacteria isolates, environmental mycobacteria and Mycobacterium bovis collected from wild boar, fallow deer, red deer and cattle in Doñana National Park (DNP, Spain), analyzing their association with temporal, spatial and environmental factors. Results High diversity of environmental mycobacteria species and M. bovis typing patterns (TPs) were found. When assessing the factors underlying the presence of the most common types of both environmental mycobacteria and M. bovis TPs in DNP, we evidenced (i) host species differences in the occurrence, (ii) spatial structuration and (iii) differences in the degree of spatial association of specific types between host species. Co-infection of a single host by two M. bovis TPs occurred in all three wild ungulate species. In wild boar and red deer, isolation of one group of mycobacteria occurred more frequently in individuals not infected by the other group. While only three TPs were detected in wildlife between 1998 and 2003, up to 8 different ones were found during 2006-2007. The opposite was observed in cattle. Belonging to an M. bovis-infected social group was a significant risk factor for mycobacterial infection in red deer and wild boar, but not for fallow deer. M. bovis TPs were usually found closer to water marshland than MOTT. Conclusions The diversity of mycobacteria described herein is indicative of multiple introduction events and a complex multi-host and multi-pathogen epidemiology in DNP. Significant changes in the mycobacterial isolate community may have taken place, even in a short time period (1998 to 2007). Aspects of host social organization should be taken into account in wildlife epidemiology. Wildlife in DNP is frequently exposed to different species of non-tuberculous, environmental mycobacteria, which could interact with the immune response to pathogenic mycobacteria, although the effects are unknown. This research highlights the suitability of molecular typing for surveys at small spatial and temporal scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gortazar
- IREC National Wildlife Research Institute (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Piseddu E, Trotta M, Tortoli E, Avanzi M, Tasca S, Solano-Gallego L. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium celatum as a Cause of Splenitis in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Comp Pathol 2011; 144:214-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
35
|
Price-Carter M, Rooker S, Collins DM. Comparison of 45 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) and two direct repeat (DR) assays to restriction endonuclease analysis for typing isolates of Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Microbiol 2011; 150:107-14. [PMID: 21300485 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), developed 25 years ago for genotyping Mycobacterium bovis strains, is an important tool for bovine tuberculosis control in New Zealand. While REA gives excellent discrimination, it is technically difficult to perform compared to PCR-based typing systems which are faster and simpler to operate. Genotyping of M. bovis by the use of variable number tandem repeat loci (VNTR) and spoligotyping, either alone or together, has now become the preferred approach for typing M. bovis. Here, we evaluated the widest range of VNTR loci yet investigated for M. bovis, including two VNTR loci not previously studied, one of which (4155) had particular utility for characterizing New Zealand isolates. VNTR typing provided substantial geographical resolution of 26 of the most commonly found REA types and this was improved by the addition of two PCR assays based on parts of the direct repeat (DR) locus. Overall, 68 REA types of M. bovis common in New Zealand were discriminated into 33 VNTR/DR groups by using a minimum of nine VNTR and two DR assays. These 11 VNTR/DR assays concorded for three isolates each of 45 of the REA types but showed some variation with at least one of the VNTR/DR assays for the remaining 23 REA types. Major differences were found in allelic variation of some VNTRs between isolates from New Zealand and other countries, emphasizing the importance of adapting M. bovis typing systems to suit individual countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Price-Carter
- AgResearch, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Wallaceville, P.O. Box 40063, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Keet DF, Michel AL, Bengis RG, Becker P, van Dyk DS, van Vuuren M, Rutten VPMG, Penzhorn BL. Intradermal tuberculin testing of wild African lions (Panthera leo) naturally exposed to infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Microbiol 2010; 144:384-91. [PMID: 20188497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
African lions in the southern half of Kruger National Park (KNP) are infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Historically, reliable detection of mycobacteriosis in lions was limited to necropsy and microbiological analysis of lesion material collected from emaciated and ailing or repeat-offender lions. We report on a method of cervical intradermal tuberculin testing of lions and its interpretation capable of identifying natural exposure to M. bovis. Infected lions (n=52/95) were identified by detailed necropsy and mycobacterial culture. A large proportion of these confirmed infected lions (45/52) showed distinct responses to bovine tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) while responses to avian tuberculin PPD were variable and smaller. Confirmed uninfected lions from non-infected areas (n=11) responded variably to avian tuberculin PPD only. Various non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were cultured from 45/95 lions examined, of which 21/45 were co-infected with M. bovis. Co-infection with M. bovis and NTM did not influence skin reactions to bovine tuberculin PPD. Avian tuberculin PPD skin reactions were larger in M. bovis-infected lions compared to uninfected ones. Since NTM co-infections are likely to influence the outcome of skin testing, stricter test interpretation criteria were applied. When test data of bovine tuberculin PPD tests were considered on their own, as for a single skin test, sensitivity increased (80.8-86.5%) but false positive rate for true negatives (18.75%) remained unchanged. Finally, the adapted skin test procedure was shown not to be impeded by persistent Feline Immunodeficiency Virus(Ple) co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D F Keet
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Kruger National Park, P.O. Box 12, Skukuza 1350, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gavier-Widén D, Cooke MM, Gallagher J, Chambers MA, Gortázar C. A review of infection of wildlife hosts with Mycobacterium bovis and the diagnostic difficulties of the 'no visible lesion' presentation. N Z Vet J 2009; 57:122-31. [PMID: 19521460 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2009.36891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathology, frequency and diagnostic implications of 'no visible lesion' (NVL) tuberculosis (Tb), i.e. infection with Mycobacterium bovis in the absence of macroscopic lesions, are described in a wide taxonomic range of wildlife hosts. Information collected and evaluated on the definition and occurrence of NVL Tb, histopathological characteristics, post-mortem techniques to detect minimal lesions, and diagnostic difficulties revealed most Tb-infected individuals with NVL had minute tuberculous lesions, which were difficult to see by eye. Acid-fast organisms (AFO) were sometimes detected in the lesions. Ideally, mycobacterial culture of pools of lymph nodes and/or oropharyngeal tonsils is necessary for the accurate diagnosis of Tb in the absence of macroscopic lesions. At a very minimum, the diagnostic methods applied for studying the prevalence of Tb in the population should be clearly described, to allow comparison between studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gavier-Widén
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA) and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The domestic ferret, Mustela putorius furo, is a popular companion animal and is used in biomedical research. When compared with other companion mammals, primary bacterial and parasitic infections are less common in domestic ferrets. In countries such as the United States, pet ferrets are generally kept indoors, and the risk for exposure to primary bacterial and parasitic infectious agents is low. Companion, breeding, and working ferrets are commonly kept outdoors in other parts of the world, placing them at comparatively greater risk for exposure to infectious diseases. This article discusses clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of bacterial and parasitic diseases of ferrets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Powers
- Carolina Veterinary Specialists, Avian and Exotic Pet Service, Huntersville, NC 28078, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
de Lisle GW, Yates GF, Coleman JD. Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from brushtail possums with non-visible lesions. N Z Vet J 2009; 57:221-4. [PMID: 19649016 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2009.36905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) that did not have macroscopic lesions of bovine tuberculosis, and to evaluate culture of pooled tissues from multiple possums as a method for determining the M. bovis-infection status of wildlife populations in New Zealand. METHODS Pools of selected tissues were collected from possums from four different populations known to be infected with M. bovis. Tissue pools from individual animals, and combined pools from multiple animals, were cultured for M. bovis. RESULTS In the four populations investigated, the prevalence of possums with macroscopic lesions confirmed by culture to be infected with M. bovis ranged from 1 to 19 (mean 31/283; 10.9)%. The prevalence of possums with non-visible lesions that were culture positive for M. bovis in the same populations ranged from 4 to 10 (mean 24/283; 8.5)%. The mean of the log10 cfu of M. bovis of the macroscopic lesions and of the culture- positive samples that did not have visible lesions was 3.85 (SE 0.26) and 1.46 (SE 0.26) log10 cfu, respectively (p<0.01). Mycobacterium bovis was cultured from pools of 30-50 animals in the four populations studied. CONCLUSIONS The finding of M. bovis infection in possums with non-visible lesions identified a potential deficiency of declaring possum populations free of M. bovis on the basis of absence of macroscopic lesions. The culturing of pools of selected tissues from multiple animals without visible lesions can be used to reduce laboratory costs of possum surveys without a major reduction in the ability to detect M. bovis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G W de Lisle
- AgResearch, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Wallaceville, PO Box 40063, Upper Hutt 5140, New Zealand.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|