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Deshamukhya C, Bhowmik D, (Chanda) DD, Bhattacharjee A. Optimization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based method for detection of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:477-481. [PMID: 37955222 PMCID: PMC10443712 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3304_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
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Deshamukhya C, Bhowmik D, Dhar (Chanda) D, Bhattacharjee A. Tn5406, a staphylococcal transposon associated with macrolide-lincosamide-streptograminb resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 42:30-33. [PMID: 36967212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of MLSb resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with respect to their association with transposons. METHODS The present study was performed with clinical isolates of S. aureus. The MLSb resistant phenotypes in the obtained isolates were determined by D zone test or double disc diffusion test as per CLSI 2020 guidelines. MLSb resistance encoding genes were detected by PCR. The genes tested were ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, mphC, vga, vgb and lnuB. The MLSb resistant Staphylococcal isolates were selected to analyze the association of the genes with mobile genetic elements Tn554, Tn5406, Tn917, Tn6133, Tn551 by PCR based method. Primer pairs were designed using sequences from transposons and the resistance genes, respectively. RESULTS During this study, 268 isolates of S. aureus were obtained of which 233 (86.94%) isolates exhibited different MLSb resistant phenotypes. The predominant gene among the MLSb resistant isolates was msrA followed by vgaA and mphC genes. PCR assay was employed to determine whether the genes msrA, mphC and vgaA were carried by Tn554, Tn5406, Tn917, Tn6133, Tn551 transposons. PCR amplification with the designed primer pairs revealed vgaA gene being part of Tn5406. CONCLUSION The presence of Tn5406 in all the vgaA harboring isolates highlights its potential of spread across isolates. Moreover, the co-existence of different MLSb resistance encoding genes observed in the study shows that the combination of genes involved in different mechanism mediated the nature of MLSb resistance.
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Genome-based characterization of a plasmid-associated micrococcin P1 biosynthetic gene cluster and virulence factors in Mammaliicoccus sciuri IMDO-S72. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0208821. [PMID: 34936836 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02088-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the de novo assembled genome of Mammaliicoccus sciuri IMDO-S72 revealed the genetically encoded machinery behind its earlier reported antibacterial phenotype and gave further insight into the repertoire of putative virulence factors of this recently reclassified species. A plasmid-encoded biosynthetic gene cluster was held responsible for the antimicrobial activity of M. sciuri IMDO-S72, comprising genes involved in thiopeptide production. The compound encoded by this gene cluster was structurally identified as micrococcin P1. Further examination of its genome highlighted the ubiquitous presence of innate virulence factors mainly involved in surface colonization. Determinants contributing to aggressive virulence were generally absent, with exception of a plasmid-associated ica cluster. The native antibiotic resistance genes sal(A) and mecA were detected within the genome, amongst others, but were not consistently linked with a resistant phenotype. While mobile genetic elements were identified within the genome, such as an untypeable SCC element, they proved to be generally free of virulence- and antibiotic-related genes. These results further suggest a commensal lifestyle of M. sciuri and indicate the association of antibiotic resistance determinants with mobile genetic elements, as an important factor in conferring antibiotic resistance, in addition to their unilateral annotation. Importance Mammaliicoccus sciuri has been put forward as an important carrier of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, which can be transmitted to clinically important staphylococcal species such as Staphylococcus aureus. As a common inhabitant of mammal skin, this species is believed to have a predominant commensal lifestyle although it has been reported as an opportunistic pathogen in some cases. This study provides an extensive genome-wide description of its putative virulence potential taking into consideration the genomic context in which these genes appear, an aspect that is often overlooked during virulence analysis. Additional genome and biochemical analysis linked M. sciuri with the production of micrococcin P1, gaining further insight to which extent these biosynthetic gene cluster are distributed amongst different related species. The frequent plasmid-associated character hints that these traits can be horizontally transferred and might confer a competitive advantage to its recipient within its ecological niche.
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Schauer B, Szostak MP, Ehricht R, Monecke S, Feßler AT, Schwarz S, Spergser J, Krametter-Frötscher R, Loncaric I. Diversity of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and methicillin-resistant Mammaliicoccus spp. isolated from ruminants and New World camelids. Vet Microbiol 2021; 254:109005. [PMID: 33582485 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Information about livestock carrying methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and mammaliicocci (MRCoNS/MRM) is scarce. The study was designed to gain knowledge of the prevalence, the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance and the genetic diversity of MRCoNS/MRM originating from ruminants and New World camelids. In addition, a multi-locus sequence typing scheme for the characterization of Mammaliicoccus (formerly Staphylococcus) sciuri was developed. The study was conducted from April 2014 to January 2017 at the University Clinic for Ruminants and the Institute of Microbiology at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. Seven hundred twenty-three nasal swabs originating from ruminants and New World camelids with and without clinical signs were examined. After isolation, MRCoNS/MRM were identified by MALDI-TOF, rpoB sequencing and typed by DNA microarray-based analysis and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by agar disk diffusion. From all 723 nasal swabs, 189 MRCoNS/MRM were obtained. Members of the Mammaliicoccus (M.) sciuri group were predominant (M. sciuri (n = 130), followed by M. lentus (n = 43), M. fleurettii (n = 11)). In total, 158 out of 189 isolates showed phenotypically a multi-resistance profile. A seven-loci multi-locus sequence typing scheme for M. sciuri was developed. The scheme includes the analysis of internal segments of the house-keeping genes ack, aroE, ftsZ, glpK, gmk, pta1 and tpiA. In total, 28 different sequence types (STs) were identified among 92 selected M. sciuri isolates. ST1 was the most prevalent ST (n = 35), followed by ST 2 (n = 15), ST3 and ST5 (each n = 5), ST4 (n = 3), ST6, ST7, ST8, ST9, ST10 and ST11 (each n = 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schauer
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - M P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07743, Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Philosophenweg 7, 07749, Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - S Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07743, Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Philosophenweg 7, 07749, Jena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - A T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Krametter-Frötscher
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Pérez VKC, Costa GMD, Guimarães AS, Heinemann MB, Lage AP, Dorneles EMS. Relationship between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:792-802. [PMID: 32603906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review summarizes the literature on the role of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis, focusing on the association between these characteristics and their implications for public and animal health. CONCLUSIONS There is the possibility of antimicrobial resistance gene exchange among different bacteria, which is of serious concern in livestock husbandry, as well as in the treatment of human staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Karen Castro Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Márcio da Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Sá Guimarães
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora 36038-330, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Loncaric I, Kübber-Heiss A, Posautz A, Ruppitsch W, Lepuschitz S, Schauer B, Feßler AT, Krametter-Frötscher R, Harrison EM, Holmes MA, Künzel F, Szostak MP, Hauschild T, Desvars-Larrive A, Misic D, Rosengarten R, Walzer C, Slickers P, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Schwarz S, Spergser J. Characterization of mecC gene-carrying coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from various animals. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:138-144. [PMID: 30827379 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the methicillin resistance gene mecC in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CoNS) is scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize mecC-positive CoNS isolated from various wild and domestic animals. The presence of the mecC gene was screened in 4299 samples from wild animals and domestic animals. Fifteen coagulase-negative staphylococci, that displayed a cefoxitin-resistant phenotype, were tested mecC-positive by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates. The 15 isolates were genotyped by sequencing of the entire class E mec gene complex (blaZ-mecC-mecR1-mecI), the ccrA and ccrB recombinase genes and other determinants within the type XI SCCmec element. DNA microarray analysis was performed and five selected isolates were additionally whole genome sequenced and analyzed. S. stepanovicii (n = 3), S. caprae (n = 1), S. warneri (n = 1), S. xylosus (n = 1) and S. sciuri (n = 9) were detected. All but the S. sciuri isolates were found to be susceptible to all non-beta lactams. The entire class E mec gene complex was detected in all isolates but ccrA and ccrB genes were not identified in S. stepanovicii and S. xylosus. The genes erm(B) and fexA (n = 4, each) were the most predominant non-beta lactam resistance genes detected in the S. sciuri isolates. Even though the presence of the mecC gene among CoNS is a rare observation, this study further expands our knowledge by showing that the mecC gene, including its allotypes, are present in more staphylococcal species from different animal species than has been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anna Kübber-Heiss
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Posautz
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Lepuschitz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Schauer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ewan M Harrison
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mark A Holmes
- Departement of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Künzel
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Amélie Desvars-Larrive
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dusan Misic
- Department for Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Renate Rosengarten
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Walzer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Wildlife Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Stefan Monecke
- InfectoGnostics research campus, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- InfectoGnostics research campus, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance among staphylococci of animal origin is based on a wide variety of resistance genes. These genes mediate resistance to many classes of antimicrobial agents approved for use in animals, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols, aminoglycosides, aminocyclitols, pleuromutilins, and diaminopyrimidines. In addition, numerous mutations have been identified that confer resistance to specific antimicrobial agents, such as ansamycins and fluoroquinolones. The gene products of some of these resistance genes confer resistance to only specific members of a class of antimicrobial agents, whereas others confer resistance to the entire class or even to members of different classes of antimicrobial agents, including agents approved solely for human use. The resistance genes code for all three major resistance mechanisms: enzymatic inactivation, active efflux, and protection/modification/replacement of the cellular target sites of the antimicrobial agents. Mobile genetic elements, in particular plasmids and transposons, play a major role as carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes in animal staphylococci. They facilitate not only the exchange of resistance genes among members of the same and/or different staphylococcal species, but also between staphylococci and other Gram-positive bacteria. The observation that plasmids of staphylococci often harbor more than one resistance gene points toward coselection and persistence of resistance genes even without direct selective pressure by a specific antimicrobial agent. This chapter provides an overview of the resistance genes and resistance-mediating mutations known to occur in staphylococci of animal origin.
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Feßler AT, Wang Y, Wu C, Schwarz S. Mobile macrolide resistance genes in staphylococci. Plasmid 2018; 99:2-10. [PMID: 29807043 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide resistance in staphylococci is based on the expression of a number of genes which specify four major resistance mechanisms: (i) target site modification by methylation of the ribosomal target site in the 23S rRNA, (ii) ribosome protection via ABC-F proteins, (iii) active efflux via Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporters, and (iv) enzymatic inactivation by phosphotransferases or esterases. So far, 14 different classes of erm genes, which code for 23S rRNA methylases, have been reported to occur in staphylococci from humans, animals and environmental sources. Inducible or constitutive expression of the erm genes depends on the presence and intactness of a regulatory region known as translational attenuator. The erm genes commonly confer resistance not only to macrolides, but also to lincosamides and streptogramin B compounds. In contrast, the msr(A) gene codes for an ABC-F protein which confers macrolide and streptogramin B resistance whereas the mef(A) gene codes for a Major Facilitator Superfamily protein that can export only macrolides. Enzymatic inactivation of macrolides may be due to the macrolide phosphotransferase gene mph(C) or the macrolide esterase genes ere(A) or ere(B). Many of these macrolide resistance genes are part of either plasmids, transposons, genomic islands or prophages and as such, can easily be transferred across strain, species and genus boundaries. The co-location of other antimicrobial or metal resistance genes on the same mobile genetic element facilitates co-selection and persistence of macrolide resistance genes under the selective pressure of metals or other antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Seni J, Mshana SE, Msigwa F, Matee M, Mazigo H, Parkhill J, Holmes MA, Paterson GK. Draft Genome Sequence of a Multiresistant Bovine Isolate of Staphylococcus lentus from Tanzania. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:e01345-16. [PMID: 27908999 PMCID: PMC5137413 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01345-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the draft genome sequence of a Staphylococcus lentus isolate, 050AP, collected in Tanzania from a swab of healthy bovine perineum. The draft genome sequence contained 2.72 Mbp and 2,750 coding sequences with a G+C content of 31.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Seni
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Tanzania
| | - Felician Msigwa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Tanzania
| | - Mecky Matee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| | - Humphrey Mazigo
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Tanzania
| | - Julian Parkhill
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust, Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin K Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, United Kingdom
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Discovery of Novel MLSB Resistance Methylase Genes and Their Associated Genetic Elements in Staphylococci. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-016-0030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Heß S, Gallert C. Resistance behaviour of inducible clindamycin-resistant staphylococci from clinical samples and aquatic environments. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1446-1453. [PMID: 25106860 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.077081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the species diversity of staphylococci with inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB) isolated from clinical samples, sewage and river water was investigated. Inducible clindamycin resistance was tested using a D-test and macrodilution assays. Inducible cross-resistance (iMLSB phenotype) was examined by PCR of erm gene classes A, B, C, F, G, Q, T and 43. Although ermC was the most frequently detected resistance gene in iMLSB phenotypes of environmental staphylococci (61.2%), resistance genes encoding iMLSB were more diverse than in staphylococci from hospital samples. In 22.4% of iMLSB staphylococci from aquatic environments, none of the eight tested erm genes was found. Those isolates and erm43-expressing Staphylococcus lentus displayed low erythromycin MICs (3-16 µg ml(-1)) compared with ermC-positive environmental staphylococci (≥256 µg ml(-1)). In contrast to clinical isolates with clearly defined resistance behaviour, resistance patterns against MLSB and MICs for clindamycin of environmental isolates were more diverse. Although the abundance of iMLSB staphylococci in the aquatic environment was lower than in staphylococci from hospital samples, the diversity of resistance genes encoding this phenotype seemed to be higher. Oleandomycin is the best marker to correlate iMLSB phenotype and the respective erm gene. The phenotypical behaviour of environmental isolates may differ from the resistance pattern of clinical iMLSB staphylococci expressing ermA or ermC, and this should be considered for successful treatment of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Heß
- Institute of Biology for Engineers and Biotechnology of Wastewater Treatment, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Am Fasanengarten, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Gallert
- Faculty of Technology, Microbiology - Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Hochschule Emden/Leer, Constantiaplatz 4, 26723 Emden, Germany
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The ecological importance of the Staphylococcus sciuri species group as a reservoir for resistance and virulence genes. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:342-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wendlandt S, Feßler AT, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Schwarz S, Kadlec K. The diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes among staphylococci of animal origin. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:338-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Schwarz S, Feßler AT, Hauschild T, Kehrenberg C, Kadlec K. Plasmid-mediated resistance to protein biosynthesis inhibitors in staphylococci. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1241:82-103. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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