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Ribeiro LF, Nespolo NM, Rossi GAM, Fairbrother JM. Exploring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli in Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Foods. Pathogens 2024; 13:346. [PMID: 38668301 PMCID: PMC11054374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials serve as crucial treatments in both veterinary and human medicine, aiding in the control and prevention of infectious diseases. However, their misuse or overuse has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, posing a significant threat to public health. This review focuses on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in animals and their associated food products, which contribute to the proliferation of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Recent research has highlighted the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in animals and animal-derived foods, with some studies indicating genetic similarities between these isolates and those found in human infections. This underscores the urgent need to address antimicrobial resistance as a pressing public health issue. More comprehensive studies are required to understand the evolving landscape of ESBLs and to develop strategic public health policies grounded in the One Health approach, aiming to control and mitigate their prevalence effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laryssa Freitas Ribeiro
- Mário Palmério University Center (UniFucamp), Av. Brasil Oeste, s/n, Jardim Zenith, Monte Carmelo 38500-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil;
| | - Natália Maramarque Nespolo
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luís, s/n—Monjolinho, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo State, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha 29102-920, Espírito Santo State, Brazil;
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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2
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Occurrence of Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Diarrheic Calves in a Low-Income Setting. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010042. [PMID: 36678390 PMCID: PMC9861035 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Different E. coli pathotypes are common zoonotic agents. Some of these pathotypes cause recurrent and widespread calf diarrhea and contribute to significant economic losses in the livestock sector worldwide in addition to putting humans at risk. Here, we investigated the occurrence of E. coli pathotypes in diarrheic calves in Ethiopia kept under various calf management practices. One hundred fecal samples were collected from diarrheic calves in 98 different farms. E. coli was isolated in the samples from 99 of the diarrheic calves, and virulence genes were detected in 80% of the samples. The occurrence of E. coli pathotypes in the samples was 32% ETEC, 23% STEC, 18% STEC/ETEC, 3% EPEC, 2% EAEC, and 1% EHEC. No diarrheic calves were positive for the EIEC and DAEC pathotypes. The occurrence of pathotypes was positively associated with female calves (EPEC, p = 0.006), aged less than 2 weeks (STEC, p = 0.059), and calves fed colostrum via the hand method (STEC, p = 0.008 and EAEC, p = 0.003). This study revealed that several E. coli pathotypes occurred among calves affected with diarrhea. Moreover, the presence of a mixed STEC/ETEC pathotypes infection was present in the studied low-income setting. These findings indicate a considerable risk for the zoonotic transmission from calves to humans and the options to provide the better management for younger calves in order to reduce the economic loss.
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AlAzemi MS, Majeed QAH, Samy A, Henedi AA, Youssef W, Abdou NEMI. Evaluation of immunochromatography test for detection of four enteropathogens in the feces of sheep and goats in Kuwait. Open Vet J 2021; 11:500-507. [PMID: 34722215 PMCID: PMC8541720 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diarrhea in newborn small ruminants continues to be the cause of significant financial loss in sheep and goat farms worldwide. Commercial immunochromatographic (IC) assays have been designed and evaluated to be used for the diagnosis of diarrhea in cattle; however, there are no trials to use rapid tests in small ruminants. Aim: This study was carried out in Kuwait to evaluate the performance of the rapid immunochromatography test (BoviD-4, BioNote, Inc, Korea) for diagnostics of Cryptosporidium, rotavirus A (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and Escherichia coli K99 (E. coli K99) in fecal samples of sheep and goats. Methods: A total of 85 samples were examined using BoviD-4, and the results were compared with that of polymerase chain reaction for Cryptosporidium, RVA, and BCoV, whereas for E. coli K99 it was by isolation and identification as reference tests. Results: The kappa test agreement results between the BoviD-4 and reference tests were 0.870 (perfect), 0.783 (substantial), 0.728 (substantial), and 0.281 (fair) for the detection of E. coli K99, Cryptosporidium, RVA, and BCoV, respectively. The sensitivity of BoviD-4 kit was 91.2%, 80.0%, 90.0%, and 37.5% and the specificity was 88.2%, 96.0%, 96.4%, and 92.2% for Cryptosporidium, RVA, E. coli K99, and BCoV, respectively. Conclusion: The Bovid-4 kit can be used as a rapid pen-side test for Cryptosporidium spp., E. coli K99, and RVA in the field. Nonetheless, care must be taken while interpreting the BCoV results of the kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha S AlAzemi
- Department of Science, College of Basic Education, PAAET, Adailiya, Kuwait
| | - Qais A H Majeed
- Department of Science, College of Basic Education, PAAET, Adailiya, Kuwait
| | - Attia Samy
- Virology lab, Veterinary Laboratories, PAAFR, Rabia, Kuwait.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adawia A Henedi
- Parasitology lab. Veterinary Laboratories, PAAFR, Rabia, Kuwait
| | - Wessam Youssef
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt.,Molecular Biology Lab. Veterinary Laboratories, PAAFR, Rabia, Kuwait
| | - Nadra-Elwgoud M I Abdou
- GCC Early Warning Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases, PAAFR, Rabia, Kuwait.,Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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4
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Ryu JH, Kim S, Park J, Choi KS. Characterization of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from pre-weaned calves in the Republic of Korea. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:45. [PMID: 32819409 PMCID: PMC7439630 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is an important cause of diarrhea in calves and its diarrheagenic properties are related to presence of certain virulence genes. In this study, the prevalence of virulence genes F5, F17, F41, sta, stx1, stx2, eae, and saa in E. coli isolated from pre-weaned calves presenting with (n= 329) or without diarrhea (n= 360) was explored using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. We also evaluated the association between detection of E. coli and the presence of diarrhea. Results Escherichia coli was detected in 56.3% (388/689) of the fecal samples and showed the highest prevalence (66.5%) in 21–40-day-old calves and the lowest (46.3%) among those that were 1–20 days old. The prevalence of the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) pathotypes was detected in 73.9% and 15.9%, respectively. The results showed no association between diarrhea and the presence of E. coli in general, ETEC or STEC. The F17 gene was the most frequently detected virulence factor in E. coli of calves of all ages regardless of diarrhea. Interestingly, the results show that the calves aged 41–60 days with F17-positive E. coli are at a higher risk for production of Shiga toxin (Stx1; 95% confidence intervals: 1.86–31.95; P = 0.005) compared to calves aged 1–20 days; no association between this finding and diarrhea was observed among the calves of this age group. Moreover, the virulence genes associated with the ETEC and STEC strains were not significantly associated with pathogenicity in this study cohort. Conclusions These results suggest that while the incidence of E. coli is age-related, there was no relationship linking E. coli virulence genes to calf age and diarrhea. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that detection of E. coli strains either with or without virulence factors was not associated with diarrhea in pre-weaned calves.
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Li P, Zhu T, Zhou D, Lu W, Liu H, Sun Z, Ying J, Lu J, Lin X, Li K, Ying J, Bao Q, Xu T. Analysis of Resistance to Florfenicol and the Related Mechanism of Dissemination in Different Animal-Derived Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:369. [PMID: 32903722 PMCID: PMC7438884 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become an important concern for public health. This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics and the distribution of the florfenicol-related resistance genes in bacteria isolated from four farms. A total of 106 florfenicol-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were examined for florfenicol-related resistance genes, and the positive isolates were further characterized. The antimicrobial sensitivity results showed that most of them (100, 94.33%) belonged to multidrug resistance Enterobacteriaceae. About 91.51% of the strains carried floR gene, while 4.72% carried cfr gene. According to the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results, 34 Escherichia coli were subdivided into 22 profiles, the genetic similarity coefficient of which ranged from 80.3 to 98.0%. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results revealed 17 sequence types (STs), with ST10 being the most prevalent. The genome sequencing result showed that the Proteus vulgaris G32 genome consists of a 4.06-Mb chromosome, a 177,911-bp plasmid (pG32-177), and a 51,686-bp plasmid (pG32-51). A floR located in a drug-resistant region on the chromosome of P. vulgaris G32 was with IS91 family transposase, and the other floR gene on the plasmid pG32-177 was with an ISCR2 insertion sequence. The cfr gene was located on the pG32-51 flanked by IS26 element and TnpA26. This study suggested that the mobile genetic elements played an important role in the replication of resistance genes and the horizontal resistance gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongmao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhewei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
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6
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Lee SH, Kim HY, Choi EW, Kim D. Causative agents and epidemiology of diarrhea in Korean native calves. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e64. [PMID: 31775191 PMCID: PMC6883198 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calf diarrhea caused by infectious agents is associated with economic losses in the cattle industry. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative agents and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea in Korean native calves (KNC). In total, 207 diarrheal KNC aged less than 7 months were investigated. Fecal samples collected from the rectum were examined for causative agents using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR and the number of oocysts were counted. Fourteen causative agents were detected from 164 of the 207 diarrheal KNC. Rotavirus was the most common agent (34.8%), followed by Eimeria spp. (31.7%), Escherichia coli (22.0%), Giardia spp. (14.0%), Clostridium difficile (9.8%), bovine viral diarrhea virus (8.5%), coronavirus (7.9%), Cryptosporidium spp. (7.3%), torovirus (6.7%), parvovirus (5.5%), norovirus (4.9%), kobuvirus (1.8%), adenovirus (1.2%), and Salmonella spp. (0.6%). About 95 (57.9%) of 164 calves were infected with a single causative agent and 42.1% were infected by multiple agents. No significant difference was observed in mortality between calves infected with a single agent and multiple agents. The occurrence of diarrhea caused by rotavirus, Eimeria spp., kobuvirus, and Giardia spp. was significantly different based on onset age, and the prevalence of diarrhea caused by rotavirus or C. difficile was significantly different between seasons. This study help the understanding of KNC diarrhea for the development of an effective strategy for disease prevention and control, especially in Eastern provinces of South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Lee
- Laboratory of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ha Young Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Eun Wha Choi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Doo Kim
- Laboratory of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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7
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Shabana I, Al-Enazi A. Investigation of plasmid-mediated resistance in E. coli isolated from healthy and diarrheic sheep and goats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:788-796. [PMID: 32127753 PMCID: PMC7042619 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is zoonotic bacteria and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains becomes a critical issue in both human and animal health globally. This study was therefore aimed to investigate the plasmid-mediated resistance in E. coli strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic sheep and goats. A total of 234 fecal samples were obtained from 157 sheep (99 healthy and 58 diarrheic) and 77 goats (32 healthy and 45 diarrheic) for the isolation and identification of E. coli. Plasmid DNA was extracted using the alkaline lysis method. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined against the three classes of antimicrobials, which resistance is mediated by plasmids (Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolone, and Aminoglycosides) using the disc-diffusion method. The frequency of plasmid-mediated resistance genes was investigated by PCR. A total of 159 E. coli strains harbored plasmids. The isolates antibiogram showed different patterns of resistance in both healthy and diarrheic animals. A total of (82; 51.5%) E. coli strains were multidrug-resistant. rmtB gene was detected in all Aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli, and the ESBL-producing E. coli possessed different CTX-M genes. Similarly, fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli possessed different qnr genes. On the analysis of the gyrB gene sequence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli, multiple point mutations were revealed. In conclusion, a high prevalence of E. coli with high resistance patterns to antimicrobials was revealed in the current study, in addition to a wide distribution of their resistance determinants. These findings highlight the importance of sheep and goats as reservoirs for the dissemination of MDR E. coli and resistance gene horizontal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.I. Shabana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - A.T. Al-Enazi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-madinah Al-munawarah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Bolukaoto JY, Kock MM, Strydom KA, Mbelle NM, Ehlers MM. Molecular characteristics and genotypic diversity of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates in Gauteng region, South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:297-304. [PMID: 31351277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne and waterborne pathogens causing severe diseases and outbreaks worldwide. There is scarcity of EHEC O157:H7 data in South Africa. This study was carried out to determine the molecular characteristics and genotypic diversity of EHEC O157:H7 isolates in the Gauteng region, South Africa. Samples were cultured on selective chromogenic media. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was determined using the VITEK®-2 automated system. Isolates were characterised using multiplex PCR assays and the genetic diversity was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 520 samples of which 270 environmental water samples and 250 stool specimens were collected and analysed. Overall, EHEC O157:H7 was recovered from 2.3% (12/520) of samples collected. Environmental water samples and clinical stool specimens showed a prevalence of 4.07% (11/270) and 0.4% (1/250) respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility profile varied from isolates with full susceptibility to isolates with resistance to multiple antibiotics. Most resistance was detected to the penicillins, specifically ampicillin (7/12), amoxicillin (3/12) and piperacillin/Tazobactam (3/12) followed by one of the folate inhibitors, trimethoprim (3/12) and the carbapenems, imipenem and meropenem (2/12) each. Three isolates harboured a combination of Shiga-toxins (Stx)-2, intimin (eae) and enterohaemolysin (hlyA) genes, while two isolates harboured the Stx-1, Stx-2 and hlyA genes. The PFGE performed showed that EHEC O157:H7 isolates were genetically diverse, with two minor pulsotypes and eight singletons. The MLST analysis identified three sequence types (STs) (ST10, ST11 and ST1204) that have been previously reported associated with outbreaks. The STs identified in this study pose a potential public health risk to consumers of untreated environmental water and closed human contacts. There is necessity to enhance surveillance in reducing the propagation of this bacterium which is a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y Bolukaoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kathy-Anne Strydom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Ampath National Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nontombi M Mbelle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.
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9
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Kalule JB, Smith AM, Vulindhlu M, Tau NP, Nicol MP, Keddy KH, Robberts L. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of enteric bacterial pathogens in human and non-human sources in an urban informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:244. [PMID: 31694551 PMCID: PMC6836408 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In light of rampant childhood diarrhoea, this study investigated bacterial pathogens from human and non-human sources in an urban informal settlement. Meat from informal abattoirs (n = 85), river water (n = 64), and diarrheic stool (n = 66) were collected between September 2015 and May 2016. A duplex real-time PCR, gel-based PCR, and CHROMagar™STEC were used to screen Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for diarrheic E. coli. Standard methods were used to screen for other selected food and waterborne bacterial pathogens. Results Pathogens isolated from stool, meat, and surface water included Salmonella enterica (6, 5, 0%), Plesiomonas shigelloides (9, 0, 17%), Aeromonas sobria (3, 3, 0%), Campylobacter jejuni (5, 5, 0%), Shigella flexneri (17, 5, 0%), Vibrio vulnificus (0, 0, 9%), and diarrheic E. coli (21, 3, 7%) respectively. All the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole. Conclusions There was a high burden of drug resistant diarrheal pathogens in the stool, surface water and meat from informal slaughter. Integrated control measures are needed to ensure food safety and to prevent the spread of drug resistant pathogens in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bosco Kalule
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Anthony M Smith
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Nomsa P Tau
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark P Nicol
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen H Keddy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lourens Robberts
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Al-Aama J, Mahdi HBA, Salama MA, Bakur K, Alhozali A, Mosli H, Bahijri SM, Bahieldin A, Elango R, Willmitzer L, Edris S. Rapid detection of type II diabetes mellitus in Saudi patients via simultaneous screening of multiple SNPs. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1664321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Al-Aama
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadiah B. Al Mahdi
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Salama
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija Bakur
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alhozali
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Mosli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad M. Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramu Elango
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institut Für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sherif Edris
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhu S, Zimmerman D, Deem SL. A Review of Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:356-377. [PMID: 31140075 PMCID: PMC7087575 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dromedary, or one-humped, camels Camelus dromedarius are an almost exclusively domesticated species that are common in arid areas as both beasts of burden and production animals for meat and milk. Currently, there are approximately 30 million dromedary camels, with highest numbers in Africa and the Middle East. The hardiness of camels in arid regions has made humans more dependent on them, especially as a stable protein source. Camels also carry and may transmit disease-causing agents to humans and other animals. The ability for camels to act as a point source or vector for disease is a concern due to increasing human demands for meat, lack of biosafety and biosecurity protocols in many regions, and a growth in the interface with wildlife as camel herds become sympatric with non-domestic species. We conducted a literature review of camel-borne zoonotic diseases and found that the majority of publications (65%) focused on Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), brucellosis, Echinococcus granulosus, and Rift Valley fever. The high fatality from MERS outbreaks during 2012-2016 elicited an immediate response from the research community as demonstrated by a surge of MERS-related publications. However, we contend that other camel-borne diseases such as Yersinia pestis, Coxiella burnetii, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever are just as important to include in surveillance efforts. Camel populations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, are increasing exponentially in response to prolonged droughts, and thus, the risk of zoonoses increases as well. In this review, we provide an overview of the major zoonotic diseases present in dromedary camels, their risk to humans, and recommendations to minimize spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Zhu
- Graduate Group in Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Dawn Zimmerman
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
| | - Sharon L Deem
- Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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12
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Tang F, Wang J, Li D, Gao S, Ren J, Ma L, Liu F, Zhuge X, Yan G, Lu Y, Dai J. Comparative genomic analysis of 127 Escherichia coli strains isolated from domestic animals with diarrhea in China. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:212. [PMID: 30866824 PMCID: PMC6416869 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea in both humans and animals. To determine the relationships between putative virulence factors and pathotypes or host taxa, many molecular studies on diarrhea-associated E. coli have been reported. However, little is known regarding genome-wide variation of E. coli from animal hosts. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing of 127 E. coli isolates from sheep and swine with diarrhea in China. We compared isolates to explore the phylogenomic relatedness based on host origin. We explored the relationships of putative virulence factors across host taxa and pathotypes. Antimicrobial resistance was also tested. Results The E. coli genomes in this study were diverse with clear differences in the SNP, MLST, and O serotypes. Seven putative virulence factors (VFs) were prevalent (> 95%) across the isolates, including Hcp, csgC, dsdA, feoB, fepA, guaA, and malX. Sixteen putative VFs showed significantly different distributions (P < 0.05) in strains from sheep and swine and were primarily adhesion- and toxin-related genes. Some putative VFs were co-occurrent in some specific pathotypes and O serotypes. The distribution of 4525 accessory genes of the 127 strains significantly differed (P < 0.05) between isolates obtained from the two animal species. The 127 animal isolates sequenced in this study were each classified into one of five pathotypes: EAEC, ETEC, STEC, DAEC, and EPEC, with 66.9% of isolates belonging to EAEC. Analysis of stx subtypes and a minimum spanning tree based on MLST revealed that STEC isolates from sheep and EAEC isolates from sheep and swine have low potential to infect humans. Antibiotic resistance analysis showed that the E. coli isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin and doxycycline. Isolates from southeast China were more resistant to antibiotics than isolates from northwest China. Additionally, the plasmid-mediated colist in resistance gene mcr-1 was detected in 15 isolates, including 4 from sheep in Qinghai and 11 from swine in Jiangsu. Conclusions Our study provides insight into the genomes of E. coli isolated from animal sources. Distinguishable differences between swine and sheep isolates at the genomic level provides a baseline for future investigations of animal E. coli pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5588-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- Key Lab Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanfang Wang
- Key Lab Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Key Lab Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianluan Ren
- Key Lab Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Ma
- Qinghai Academy of veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- Key Lab Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Genqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Qinghai Academy of veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Key Lab Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Reid CJ, Wyrsch ER, Roy Chowdhury P, Zingali T, Liu M, Darling AE, Chapman TA, Djordjevic SP. Porcine commensal Escherichia coli: a reservoir for class 1 integrons associated with IS26. Microb Genom 2019; 3. [PMID: 29306352 PMCID: PMC5761274 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine faecal waste is a serious environmental pollutant. Carriage of antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence-associated genes (VAGs), and the zoonotic potential of commensal Escherichia coli from swine are largely unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the role of commensal E. coli as contributors to the mobilization of ARGs between food animals and the environment. Here, we report whole-genome sequence analysis of 103 class 1 integron-positive E. coli from the faeces of healthy pigs from two commercial production facilities in New South Wales, Australia. Most strains belonged to phylogroups A and B1, and carried VAGs linked with extraintestinal infection in humans. The 103 strains belonged to 37 multilocus sequence types and clonal complex 10 featured prominently. Seventeen ARGs were detected and 97 % (100/103) of strains carried three or more ARGs. Heavy-metal-resistance genes merA, cusA and terA were also common. IS26 was observed in 98 % (101/103) of strains and was often physically associated with structurally diverse class 1 integrons that carried unique genetic features, which may be tracked. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first detailed genomic analysis and point of reference for commensal E. coli of porcine origin in Australia, facilitating tracking of specific lineages and the mobile resistance genes they carry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Reid
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ethan R Wyrsch
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tiziana Zingali
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Liu
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Aaron E Darling
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Toni A Chapman
- 2NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth MacArthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Recovered from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Eastern Cape South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061237. [PMID: 29895735 PMCID: PMC6025339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed to eliminate organic matter and pathogens but most WWTPs discharges antimicrobial resistance pathogens into aquatic milieu. The study aimed to examine the antibiotics resistant patterns and the presence of some resistance genes among E. coli isolates from WWTPs effluents. Water were collected from WWTPs final effluents, filtered through nitrocellulose membrane and the filter papers were placed on chromogenic agar plates, incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. Presumptive E. coli isolates (173) were obtained from the culture method. From the presumptive E. coli isolates screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 111 isolates were positive and the positive isolates were further screened for six diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes (EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, DAEC, EIEC, and EAEC) and from the pathotypes screened, nine isolates harboured daaE gene. The phenotypic susceptibility patterns of the 111 isolates to 12 antibiotics were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. All the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. From the resistance genes screened, 31 isolates harboured mcr-1 gene and nine isolates harboured ermA gene. The study reveals that water samples recovered from the final effluents of WWTPs may likely be one of the major sources of antibiotic-resistant in Escherichia coli.
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Dhaka P, Vijay D, Vergis J, Negi M, Kumar M, Mohan V, Doijad S, Poharkar KV, Malik SS, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. Genetic diversity and antibiogram profile of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from human, animal, foods and associated environmental sources. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:31055. [PMID: 27197617 PMCID: PMC4873563 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.31055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious diarrhoea particularly due to pathogenic bacteria is a major health problem in developing countries, including India. Despite significant reports of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes around the globe, studies which address genetic relatedness, antibiogram profile and their correlation with respect to their isolation from different sources are sparse. The present study determines isolation and identification of DEC pathotypes from different sources, their genetic characterisation, antibiogram profile and their correlation if any. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 336 samples comprising diarrhoeic stool samples from infants (n=103), young animal (n=106), foods (n=68) and associated environmental sources (n=59) were collected from Bareilly region of India. All the samples were screened by using standard microbiological methods for the detection of E. coli. The identified E. coli were then confirmed as DEC pathotypes using polymerase chain reaction-based assays. Those DEC pathotypes identified as Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) were further confirmed using HEp-2 adherence assay. All the isolated DEC pathotypes were studied for their genetic diversity using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using disc diffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the four DEC pathotypes investigated, EAEC was found to be the predominant pathogen with an isolation rate of 16.5% from infants, 17.9% from young animals, 16.2% from foods and 3.4% from the associated environmental sources. These EAEC isolates, on further characterisation, revealed predominance of 'atypical' EAEC, with an isolation rate of 10.7% from infants, 15.1% from young animals, 16.2% from foods, and 3.4% from the associated environmental sources. On PFGE analysis, discrimination was evident within DEC pathotypes as 52 unique pulsotypes were observed for 59 recovered DEC pathotypes. However, a few EAEC isolates were found to be clonal (clusters A, B, C, D, F, G, and H) irrespective of their source of isolation, suggests sharing and/or circulation among different sources. Further, a high antibiotic resistance pattern was observed among isolated DEC pathotypes as almost 86.4% of isolates were found to be resistant against ≥3 tested drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Dhaka
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jess Vergis
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Negi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manesh Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vysakh Mohan
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Satyaveer Singh Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Deepak B Rawool
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India;
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Bozçal E, Yiğittürk G, Uzel A, Aydemir SŞ. Investigation of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome in İzmir Province, Turkey. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:733-41. [PMID: 27513249 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1501-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains originating from diarrheagenic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 102 patients with diarrhea between October 2012 and January 2013 were enrolled in this study. Multiplex and standard polymerase chain reactions were performed to detect and distinguish STEC and EPEC strains. O serotyping of EPEC was carried out by monovalent antisera. The O and H serotyping of STEC strains was performed at the Refik Saydam Institute, Ankara. RESULTS A total of 5 (3.42%) strains were identified as STEC, and 3 strains (2.05%) were atypical EPEC. One of the STEC serotypes was O157:H7 carrying VT1, Stx1A, and escv genes. The other STEC strain was identified as O174:H21, which is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome and consists of VT2 and Stx2A genes. One of the EPEC and three of the STEC serotypes were nontypeable. The serotypes of the atypical EPEC strains were identified as O114 and O26. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of O174:H21 from the İzmir region that was shown to be a Shiga toxin-producing non-O157 serotype of STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozçal
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Yiğittürk
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ataç Uzel
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sabire Şöhret Aydemir
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Xia J, Sun J, Cheng K, Li L, Fang LX, Zou MT, Liao XP, Liu YH. Persistent spread of the rmtB 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene among Escherichia coli isolates from diseased food-producing animals in China. Vet Microbiol 2016; 188:41-6. [PMID: 27139028 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 963 non-duplicate Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing animals between 2002 and 2012 were screened for the presence of the 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes. Among the positive isolates, resistance determinants to extended spectrum β-lactamases, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes as well as floR and fosA/A3/C2 were detected using PCR analysis. These isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing, PCR-based plasmid replicon typing and plasmid analysis. Of the 963 E. coli isolates, 173 (18.0%), 3 (0.3%) and 2 (0.2%) were rmtB-, armA- and rmtE-positive strains, respectively. All the 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene-positive isolates were multidrug resistant and over 90% of them carried one or more type of resistance gene. IncF (especially IncFII) and non-typeable plasmids played the main role in the dissemination of rmtB, followed by the IncN plasmids. Plasmids that harbored rmtB ranged in size from 20kb to 340kb EcoRI-RFLP testing of the 109 rmtB-positive plasmids from different years and different origins suggested that horizontal (among diverse animals) and vertical transfer of IncF, non-typeable and IncN-type plasmids were responsible for the spread of rmtB gene. In summary, our findings highlight that rmtB was the most prevalent 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene, which present persistent spread in food-producing animals in China and a diverse group of plasmids was responsible for rmtB dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ke Cheng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Meng-Ting Zou
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Liao XP, Xia J, Yang L, Li L, Sun J, Liu YH, Jiang HX. Characterization of CTX-M-14-producing Escherichia coli from food-producing animals. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1136. [PMID: 26528278 PMCID: PMC4606122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics has become a major concern for public health. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics and distribution of bla CTX-M-14, which encodes an extended-spectrum β-lactamase, in Escherichia coli isolated from Guangdong Province, China. A total of 979 E. coli isolates isolated from healthy or diseased food-producing animals including swine and avian were examined for bla CTX-M-14 and then the bla CTX-M-14 -positive isolates were detected by other resistance determinants [extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, rmtB, and floR] and analyzed by phylogenetic grouping analysis, PCR-based plasmid replicon typing, multilocus sequence typing, and plasmid analysis. The genetic environments of bla CTX-M-14 were also determined by PCR. The results showed that fourteen CTX-M-14-producing E. coli were identified, belonging to groups A (7/14), B1 (4/14), and D (3/14). The most predominant resistance gene was bla TEM (n = 8), followed by floR (n = 7), oqxA (n = 3), aac(6')-1b-cr (n = 2), and rmtB (n = 1). Plasmids carrying bla CTX-M-14 were classified to IncK, IncHI2, IncHI1, IncN, IncFIB, IncF or IncI1, ranged from about 30 to 200 kb, and with insertion sequence of ISEcp1, IS26, or ORF513 located upstream and IS903 downstream of bla CTX-M-14. The result of multilocus sequence typing showed that 14 isolates had 11 STs, and the 11 STs belonged to five groups. Many of the identified sequence types are reported to be common in E. coli isolates associated with extraintestinal infections in humans, suggesting possible transmission of bla CTX-M-14 between animals and humans. The difference in the flanking sequences of bla CTX-M-14 between the 2009 isolates and the early ones suggests that the resistance gene context continues to evolve in E. coli of food producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Liao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
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Abdel-Rhman SH, Khalifa SM, Galil KHAE, Barwa RM. Prevalence of Toxins and Antimicrobial Resistance among <i>E. coli</i> Isolated from Meat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2015.511078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Molecular analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from diarrheal patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 81:126-31. [PMID: 25533613 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 123 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates from diarrheal patients from June to December 2012 in Shanghai, China, were examined to determine their genetic relatedness using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and for the presence of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Twenty-nine sequence types (STs) and 63 PFGE patterns were identified, and results from the 2 subtyping methods correlated well. The 12 isolates of PFGE cluster B all belonged to ST-2332 and were associated with nosocomial neonatal diarrhea. Isolates of a cluster usually had the same set of virulence factors, whereas isolates of different PFGE clusters carried diverse combinations of virulence determinants. Isolates belonging to ST-2332 and ST-182 (n=9) were resistant to at least 6 antimicrobials. Our findings highlighted the need of active surveillance programs for infectious diseases collecting data at both epidemiological and genetic levels that can detect high-risk lineages of pathogens in order to rapidly identify disease outbreaks.
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