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Haenni M, Dagot C, Chesneau O, Bibbal D, Labanowski J, Vialette M, Bouchard D, Martin-Laurent F, Calsat L, Nazaret S, Petit F, Pourcher AM, Togola A, Bachelot M, Topp E, Hocquet D. Environmental contamination in a high-income country (France) by antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes: Status and possible causes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107047. [PMID: 34923370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern, shared by a large number of human and animal health actors. Within the framework of a One Health approach, actions should be implemented in the environmental realm, as well as the human and animal realms. The Government of France commissioned a report to provide policy and decision makers with an evidential basis for recommending or taking future actions to mitigate AMR in the environment. We first examined the mechanisms that underlie the emergence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. This report drew up an inventory of the contamination of aquatic and terrestrial environments by AMR and antibiotics, anticipating that the findings will be representative of some other high-income countries. Effluents of wastewater treatment plants were identified as the major source of contamination on French territory, with spreading of organic waste products as a more diffuse and incidental contamination of aquatic environments. A limitation of this review is the heterogeneity of available data in space and time, as well as the lack of data for certain sources. Comparing the French Measured Environmental Concentrations (MECs) with predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim were identified as representing high and medium risk of favoring the selection of resistant bacteria in treated wastewater and in the most contaminated rivers. All other antibiotic molecules analyzed (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline) were at low risk of resistance selection in those environments. However, the heterogeneity of the data available impairs their full exploitation. Consequently, we listed indicators to survey AMR and antibiotics in the environment and recommended the harmonization of sampling strategies and endpoints for analyses. Finally, the objectives and methods used for the present work could comprise a useful example for how national authorities of countries sharing common socio-geographic characteristics with France could seek to better understand and define the environmental dimension of AMR in their particular settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety) - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Dagot
- Université of Limoges, RESINFIT, UMR INSERM 1092, CHU, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Chesneau
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur (CIP), Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bibbal
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, ENSI Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Damien Bouchard
- National Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | | | - Louisiane Calsat
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Nazaret
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Petit
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Normandie Université Rouen, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris F-75005, France
| | | | | | - Morgane Bachelot
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Didier Hocquet
- UMR Chronoenvironnement CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France.
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Ma A, Neumann N, Chui L. Phenotypic and Genetic Determination of Biofilm Formation in Heat Resistant Escherichia coli Possessing the Locus of Heat Resistance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020403. [PMID: 33672009 PMCID: PMC7919257 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of thermal inactivation processes, Escherichiacoli biofilms continue to be a persistent source of contamination in food processing environments. E. coli strains possessing the locus of heat resistance are a novel food safety threat and raises the question of whether these strains can also form biofilms. The objectives of this study were to determine biofilm formation in heat resistant E. coli isolates from clinical and environmental origins using an in-house, two-component apparatus and to characterize biofilm formation-associated genes in the isolates using whole genome sequencing. Optimal conditions for biofilm formation in each of the heat resistant isolates were determined by manipulating inoculum size, nutrient concentration, and temperature conditions. Biofilm formation in the heat resistant isolates was detected at temperatures of 24 °C and 37 °C but not at 4 °C. Furthermore, biofilm formation was observed in all environmental isolates but only one clinical isolate despite shared profiles in biofilm formation-associated genes encoded by the isolates from both sources. The circulation of heat resistant E. coli isolates with multi-stress tolerance capabilities in environments related to food processing signify that such strains may be a serious food safety and public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Norman Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Alberta Precision Laboratories—Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-407-8951
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Bako E, Kagambèga A, Traore KA, Bagre TS, Ibrahim HB, Bouda SC, Bonkoungou IJO, Kaboré S, Zongo C, Traore AS, Barro N. Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated in Organic Waste Products (Cattle Fecal Matter, Manure and, Slurry) from Cattle's Markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101100. [PMID: 28937656 PMCID: PMC5664601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cattle farming can promote diarrheal disease transmission through waste, effluents or cattle fecal matter. The study aims to characterize the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from cattle feces, manure in the composting process and slurry, collected from four cattle markets in Ouagadougou. A total of 585 samples (340 cattle feces, 200 slurries and 45 manures in the composting process) were collected from the four cattle markets between May 2015 and May 2016. A multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), namely 16-plex PCR, was used to screen simultaneously the virulence genes specific for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). DEC was detected in 10.76% of samples. ETEC was the most prevalent (9.91%). STEC and EAEC have been observed with the same rate (0.51%). ETEC were detected in 12.64% of cattle feces, in 6.66% of manure in the composting process and in 5% of slurry. STEC were detected in 0.58% of cattle feces and in 2.22% of manure in the composting process. EAEC was detected only in 1% of slurry and in 2.22% of manure in the composting process. ETEC strains were identified based on estIa gene and/or estIb gene and/or elt gene amplification. Of the 58 ETEC, 10.34% contained astA, 17.24% contained elt, 3.44% contained estIa and 79.31% contained estIb. The two positive EAEC strains contained only the aggR gene, and the third was positive only for the pic gene. The results show that effluent from cattle markets could contribute to the spreading of DEC in the environment in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evariste Bako
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Institut de Sciences, 01 BP 1757 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Kuan Abdoulaye Traore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Touwendsida Serge Bagre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Hadiza Bawa Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Soutongnooma Caroline Bouda
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Saidou Kaboré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Direction de la Nutrition, Ministère de la Santé, 03 BP 7068 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Cheikna Zongo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et d'Immunologie Appliquée (LABIA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7131 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Alfred Sababenejo Traore
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7131 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
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Um MM, Barraud O, Kérourédan M, Gaschet M, Stalder T, Oswald E, Dagot C, Ploy MC, Brugère H, Bibbal D. Comparison of the incidence of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains in adult cattle and veal calf slaughterhouse effluents highlighted different risks for public health. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:30-38. [PMID: 26460853 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the involvement of bovine slaughterhouse effluents and biosolids in the risk of environmental dissemination of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Several samples were collected from one adult cattle and one veal calf slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The treatment process had no impact on the percentage of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and on the percentage of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC). A STEC O157:H7 was isolated from the thickened sludge of the adult cattle slaughterhouse. As thickened sludge is intended to be spread on agricultural lands, the detection of this pathogenic strain is a public health issue. The percentage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli was 5.0% and 87.5% in wastewater from the adult cattle and the veal calf slaughterhouse, respectively. These percentages were not significantly different after treatment. Integron-bearing E. coli isolates were only detected in the veal calf slaughterhouse WWTP with percentages above 50.0% for all sampling points whatever the step of the treatment process. Taken together, these findings highlighted the fact that different public health risks might be associated with adult cattle or veal calf slaughterhouses regarding the dissemination of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Michèle Um
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Barraud
- Université de Limoges, UMR1092, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR1092, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Limoges, France
| | - Monique Kérourédan
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Margaux Gaschet
- Université de Limoges, UMR1092, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR1092, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Limoges, France
| | | | - Eric Oswald
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marie-Cecile Ploy
- Université de Limoges, UMR1092, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR1092, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Limoges, France
| | - Hubert Brugère
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bibbal
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:614-30. [PMID: 24982324 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00112-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) represents a heterogeneous group of E. coli strains. The pathogenicity and clinical relevance of these bacteria are still controversial. In this review, we describe the clinical significance of EAEC regarding patterns of infection in humans, transmission, reservoirs, and symptoms. Manifestations associated with EAEC infection include watery diarrhea, mucoid diarrhea, low-grade fever, nausea, tenesmus, and borborygmi. In early studies, EAEC was considered to be an opportunistic pathogen associated with diarrhea in HIV patients and in malnourished children in developing countries. In recent studies, associations with traveler's diarrhea, the occurrence of diarrhea cases in industrialized countries, and outbreaks of diarrhea in Europe and Asia have been reported. In the spring of 2011, a large outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic colitis occurred in Germany due to an EAEC O104:H4 strain, causing 54 deaths and 855 cases of HUS. This strain produces the potent Shiga toxin along with the aggregative fimbriae. An outbreak of urinary tract infection associated with EAEC in Copenhagen, Denmark, occurred in 1991; this involved extensive production of biofilm, an important characteristic of the pathogenicity of EAEC. However, the heterogeneity of EAEC continues to complicate diagnostics and also our understanding of pathogenicity.
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Detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli in samples collected at an abattoir in Zaria, Nigeria and at different points in the surrounding environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:679-91. [PMID: 25590145 PMCID: PMC4306886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli can be released with the wastes coming from slaughterhouses into the environment, where they can persist. We investigated the presence of diarrheagenic E. coli in specimens taken at an abattoir located in the Zaria region, Nigeria, in samples of water from the river Koreye, where the effluent from the abattoir spills in, and vegetable specimens taken at a nearby farm. All the isolated E. coli were assayed for the production of Shiga toxins (Stx) by using the Ridascreen verotoxin Immunoassay and by PCR amplification of genes associated with the diarrheagenic E. coli. Three strains from the rectal content of two slaughtered animals and a cabbage were positive for the presence of the Stx-coding genes. Additionally we have isolated one Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) from the abattoir effluent and two Subtilase-producing E. coli from the slaughterhouse’s effluent and a sample of carrots. Our results provide evidence that pathogenic E. coli can contaminate the environment as a result of the discharge into the environment of untreated abattoir effluent, representing a reservoir for STEC and other diarrheagenic E. coli favouring their spread to crops.
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