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Bhawono Dadi T, Devriendt N, Cherlet M, Devreese M, Polis I, de Rooster H. Pharmacokinetic study of local and systemic gentamicin concentrations after subcutaneous implantation of a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge in dogs. Vet J 2024; 307:106201. [PMID: 39059696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of commercial gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges (GICS) applied subcutaneously in dogs. In six healthy beagles, an 11 ×6 cm subcutaneous pocket was created, a folded 10×10 cm GICS was inserted, and saline was injected to mimic a seroma. Wound fluid samples were aspirated, and the gentamicin concentration was determined. Simultaneously, blood samples were collected to evaluate the corresponding systemic gentamicin concentration. All samples were collected before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours after GICS placement. The local Cmax of gentamicin was reached after 0.5 hours (range, 0.5-1.0 hours) post-implantation in 5/6 dogs at a median concentration of 2053.3 µg/mL (range, 918.0-2791.9 µg/mL). Whitin 24 hours, the local concentration dropped below the MIC for Staphylococcus sp. (4 µg/mL) in 5/6 dogs. Plasma Cmax was achieved at a median of 1.2 hours post-implantation (range, 1.0-2.0 hours) and reached a median concentration of 10.3 µg/mL (range, 8.8-18.03 µg/mL). After 6 hours, the gentamicin concentration in the plasma was below 4 µg/mL in all dogs. The GICS provided a high local concentration of gentamicin in a short time with a local Cmax:MIC ratio of 513:1, largely sufficient to eliminate susceptible bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and Pseudomonas sp., in a clinical setting. The repeated administration of saline in the present study seemed to have induced a quicker gentamicin release from the GICS than described in previous studies that typically dealt with "drier" wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bhawono Dadi
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B-9820, Belgium
| | - N Devriendt
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B-9820, Belgium
| | - M Cherlet
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B-9820, Belgium
| | - M Devreese
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B-9820, Belgium
| | - I Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B-9820, Belgium
| | - H de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B-9820, Belgium.
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Maroto-Tello A, Ayllón T, Aguinaga-Casañas MA, Ariza JJ, Penelo S, Baños A, Ortiz-Díez G. In Vitro Activity of Allium cepa Organosulfur Derivatives against Canine Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae. Vet Sci 2024; 11:26. [PMID: 38250932 PMCID: PMC10820550 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase of multi-resistant bacteria, especially Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, constitutes a challenge in veterinary medicine. The rapid growth of resistance is outpacing antibiotic discovery. Innovative strategies are needed, including the use of natural products like Allium species (Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L.), which have been used empirically for centuries to treat infectious diseases in humans and farm and aquaculture animals due to their antibacterial properties. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of two Allium-derived compounds, propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), against multi-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (n = 30) and Enterobacteriaceae (n = 26) isolated from dogs referred to a veterinary teaching hospital in Madrid. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results indicated the in vitro efficacy of PTSO/PTS against the tested bacterial strains, and 56.7% of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 53.8% of Enterobacteriaceae showed sensitivity to PTS and PTSO compared with classic antibiotics. In addition, 50% of S. pseudintermedius strains resistant to erythromycin, ibofloxacin, difloxacin and orbifloxacin and 50% of Enterobacteriaceae strains resistant to tetracycline and doxycycline were sensitive to PTS and PTSO. Although studies are needed to verify their efficacy in vivo, the combined use of PTS and PTSO exhibits promise in enhancing bacterial sensitivity against S. pseudintermedius and Enterobacteriaceae infections, providing a first insight into the potential of both compounds in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Maroto-Tello
- Departamento de Microbiología, DMC Research Center, 18620 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-T.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - Tania Ayllón
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Ariza
- Departamento de Microbiología, Campus Fuente Nueva, Universidad de Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain;
| | - Silvia Penelo
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospitalización y UCI, Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- Departamento de Microbiología, DMC Research Center, 18620 Granada, Spain; (A.M.-T.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
- Departamento de Microbiología, Campus Fuente Nueva, Universidad de Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain;
| | - Gustavo Ortiz-Díez
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Grecu M, Henea ME, Rîmbu CM, Simion C, Şindilar EV, Solcan G. The Bacteriophages Therapy of Interdigital Pyoderma Complicated by Cellulitis with Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Dog-Case Report. Vet Sci 2023; 10:642. [PMID: 37999465 PMCID: PMC10675310 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly pathogenic bacterium with high pathogenicity, that can cause serious infections in all species and especially in dogs. Treatment of the infection induced by this bacterium can be a challenge considering that some strains have developed resistance to most classes of antimicrobials. The use of bacteriophages to alleviate infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has demonstrated their potential for both internal and external applications. This study aimed to illustrate the treatment with bacteriophages in bacterially complicated skin lesions that do not respond to antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grecu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (M.G.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Mădălina-Elena Henea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (M.G.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Cristina Mihaela Rîmbu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cătălina Simion
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu-Viorel Şindilar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
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Morais C, Costa SS, Leal M, Ramos B, Andrade M, Ferreira C, Abrantes P, Pomba C, Couto I. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with skin and soft-tissue infections in companion animals in Lisbon, Portugal. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1167834. [PMID: 37138637 PMCID: PMC10149759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1167834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the main bacterial pathogen of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in companion animals. Antimicrobial resistance in this species is a growing public health concern. This study aims to characterize a collection of S. pseudintermedius causing SSTIs in companion animals, establishing the main clonal lineages and antimicrobial resistance traits. The collection corresponded to all S. pseudintermedius (n = 155) causing SSTIs in companion animals (dogs, cats and one rabbit) collected between 2014 and 2018 at two laboratories in Lisbon, Portugal. Susceptibility patterns were established by disk diffusion for 28 antimicrobials (15 classes). For antimicrobials without clinical breakpoints available, a cut-off value (COWT) was estimated, based on the distribution of the zones of inhibition. The blaZ and mecA genes were screened for the entire collection. Other resistance genes (e.g., erm, tet, aadD, vga(C), dfrA(S1)) were searched only for those isolates showing an intermediate/resistance phenotype. For fluoroquinolone resistance, we determined the chromosomal mutations in the target genes grlA and gyrA. All the isolates were typed by PFGE following SmaI macrorestriction and isolates representative of each PFGE type were further typed by MLST. Forty-eight out of the 155 S. pseudintermedius isolates (31.0%) were methicillin-resistant (mecA +, MRSP). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes were detected for 95.8% of the MRSP and 22.4% of the methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) isolates. Of particular concern, only 19 isolates (12.3%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. In total, 43 different antimicrobial resistance profiles were detected, mostly associated with the carriage of blaZ, mecA, erm(B), aph3-IIIa, aacA-aphD, cat pC221, tet(M) and dfr(G) genes. The 155 isolates were distributed within 129 PFGE clusters, grouped by MLST in 42 clonal lineages, 25 of which correspond to new sequence types (STs). While ST71 remains the most frequent S. pseudintermedius lineage, other lineages that have been replacing ST71 in other countries were detected, including ST258, described for the first time in Portugal. This study revealed a high frequency of MRSP and MDR profiles among S. pseudintermedius associated with SSTIs in companion animals in our setting. Additionally, several clonal lineages with different resistance profiles were described, evidencing the importance of a correct diagnosis and selection of the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Morais
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Leal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Ramos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Andrade
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Ferreira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Abrantes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- GeneVet, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular Veterinário, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Isabel Couto,
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Mauer AN, Allbaugh RA, Kreuder AJ, Sebbag L. Impact of multi-drug resistance on clinical outcomes of dogs with corneal ulcers infected with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1083294. [PMID: 36504873 PMCID: PMC9729527 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Compare characteristics and clinical outcomes of dogs with infectious keratitis from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius considered to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) or not. Procedures Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated as the primary pathogen from canine patients with ulcerative keratitis were considered MDR if resistant to at least one agent in three or more classes of antibiotics. Medical records were reviewed for history, patients' characteristics, clinical appearance, therapeutic interventions, and clinical outcomes. Results Twenty-eight dogs (28 eyes) were included. Compared to non-MDR cases, MDR diagnosis was significantly more common in dogs with recent (≤30 days) anesthesia (7/15 vs. 1/13, P = 0.038) and more common in non-brachycephalic dogs (8/15 vs. 2/13, P = 0.055). Clinical appearance (ulcer size/depth, anterior chamber reaction, etc.) did not differ significantly between groups (P ≥ 0.055). Median (range) time to re-epithelialization was longer in MDR vs. non-MDR eyes [29 (10-47) vs. 22 (7-42) days] but the difference was not significant (P = 0.301). Follow-up time was significantly longer in dogs with MDR keratitis [47 (29-590) vs. 29 (13-148) days, P = 0.009]. No other significant differences were noted between MDR and non-MDR eyes in regard to time for ulcer stabilization [4 (1-17) days vs. 4 (1-12), P = 0.699], number of eyes requiring surgical stabilization (7/15 vs. 7/13, P = 0.246) or enucleation (1/15 vs. 2/13, P = 1.000), success in maintaining globe (14/15 vs. 11/13, P = 0.583) or success in maintaining vision (12/15 vs. 10/13, P = 1.000). Conclusions MDR infections may prolong corneal healing time but did not appear to affect overall clinical outcomes in dogs with bacterial keratitis. Further research is warranted in a larger canine population and other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Mauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Rachel A. Allbaugh
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,Lionel Sebbag
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Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Dogs with Superficial Pyoderma and Their Owners. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070306. [PMID: 35878323 PMCID: PMC9325117 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial communities on the skin of dogs include several species of bacteria, which contribute to skin health and disease. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, cultured at high frequency from the skin of dogs, is an opportunistic pathogen causing superficial pyoderma. Effective treatment against S. pseudintermedius infections is an important issue in veterinary medicine. However, multiple antibiotic-resistant mechanisms gradually developed by bacteria make treatment more challenging nowadays. Drug-resistant genes may have the chance to be transferred from infected dogs to other staphylococci in humans. The objective of this survey is to investigate the bacterial species that cause canine superficial pyoderma and characterize the antibiotic-resistant profiles and drug-resistant genes of isolated S. pseudintermedius. In addition, the possible risk factors causing S. pseudintermedius colonizing owners were also evaluated by a questionnaire survey. Sixty-five bacteria were isolated from dogs with superficial pyoderma, which included 47 S. pseudintermedius (72.3%), 12 other staphylococci (18.5%), 4 other Gram-positive bacteria (6.2%) and 2 Gram-negative bacteria (3.1%). Strains containing mecA and blaZ genes showed multiple-drug resistance characteristics. Dogs that received antimicrobial treatment within a recent month were at significantly higher risk of MRSP infections. Only five S. pseudintermedius strains (8.33%) were isolated from 60 samples of owners. Risk factor analysis indicated there was no significant association between S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs and owners, but the “Keeping three or more dogs” and “Dogs can lick the owner’s face” have high odds ratios of 3.503 and 5.712, respectively. MRSP isolates belonged to three different dru types, including dt11y (29.41%), dt11a (47.06%) and dt10cp (23.53%). In conclusion, the major pathogen of canine superficial pyoderma is found to be S. pseudintermedius in Taiwan, and isolates which are mecA- or blaZ-positive are generally more resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Although S. pseudintermedius isolated from the owners might be transferred from their dogs, definite risk factors should be examined in the future study.
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Adiguzel MC, Schaefer K, Rodriguez T, Ortiz J, Sahin O. Prevalence, Mechanism, Genetic Diversity, and Cross-Resistance Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Isolated from Companion Animal Clinical Samples Submitted to a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in the Midwestern United States. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050609. [PMID: 35625253 PMCID: PMC9138002 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals, with limited treatment options available due to the frequent cross-resistance of MRS to other antibiotics. In this study, we report the prevalence, species distribution, genetic diversity, resistance mechanism and cross-resistance patterns of MRS isolated from companion animal (mostly dog and cat) clinical cases submitted to Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) between 2012 and 2019. The majority of isolates were identified as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (68.3%; 2379/3482) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (24.6%; 857/3482), of which 23.9% and 40.5% were phenotypically resistant to methicillin, respectively. Cross resistance to other β-lactams (and to a lesser extent to non-β-lactams) was common in both methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and CoNS (MRCoNS), especially when oxacillin MIC was ≥4 μg/mL (vs. ≥0.5−<4 μg/mL). The PBP2a protein was detected by agglutination in 94.6% (521/551) MRSP and 64.3% (146/227) MRCoNS. A further analysis of 31 PBP2a-negative MRS isolates (all but one MRCoNS) indicated that 11 were mecA gene-positive while 20 were negative for mecA and other mec genes by PCR. The resistance to last-resort anti-staphylococcal human drugs (e.g., tigecycline, linezolid, vancomycin) among the MRS tested was none to very low. Even though genotyping indicated an overall high level of genetic diversity (87 unique PFGE patterns and 20 MLST types) among a subset of MRSP isolates tested (n = 106), certain genotypes were detected from epidemiologically connected cases at the same or different time points, suggesting persistence and/or nosocomial transmission. These results indicate a relatively high prevalence of MRS from companion animals in the Midwestern US; therefore, it is important to perform routine susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus in veterinary clinical settings for the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Kayla Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Trevor Rodriguez
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Jessica Ortiz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-3861
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Abusleme F, Galarce N, Quezada-Aguiluz M, Iragüen D, González-Rocha G. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolated in a veterinary teaching hospital in Chile. Rev Argent Microbiol 2022; 54:192-202. [PMID: 35331576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information about the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) strains in veterinary settings in Chile. The aim of this observational study was to identify and characterize CoPS strains from dogs, owners, veterinary professionals and surfaces in a veterinary teaching hospital at Universidad de Chile to determine the presence of methicillin-resistant strains and evaluate the genetic relationship among the strains. Veterinarians (n=24), surfaces (n=10), and healthy dogs (n=40) and their respective owners (n=40) were sampled for CoPS. Isolates were identified by PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method and MIC. The presence of the mecA gene was evaluated by PCR, and the genetic relationship among the strains was established by PFGE. A total of 45 CoPS strains were obtained, eight from veterinary professionals, three from hospital surfaces, eight from owners and 26 from dogs. Nine of the strains were resistant to methicillin (20%), and all of them carried the mecA gene. A high percentage of the strains was resistant to clindamycin (33.3%). Additionally, the isolated CoPS showed high genetic diversity. This study suggests that veterinarians are in high risk of harboring methicillin-resistant CoPS (25% versus 2.5% from owners) and our results provide evidence that clindamycin could not be an empiric alternative for CoPS in the analyzed hospital. This is the first report of methicillin-resistant CoPS in veterinary settings in Chile, considering humans, pets and surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Abusleme
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, FAVET, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nicolás Galarce
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, FAVET, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Quezada-Aguiluz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Iragüen
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, FAVET, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.
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Rana EA, Islam MZ, Das T, Dutta A, Ahad A, Biswas PK, Barua H. Prevalence of coagulase-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs in Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:498-508. [PMID: 34941011 PMCID: PMC8959323 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have a significant health impact on people with direct or supportive occupations in veterinary medicine including veterinarians, animal handlers, laboratory personnel and pet owners. Objectives This cross‐sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, MRSA and MRSP in dogs in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 358 swab samples were collected from different body sites of 150 dogs attending a university teaching veterinary hospital between January and June 2018. Standard bacteriological procedures were followed to isolate Staphylococcus, and identification was confirmed to the species level by PCR to detect the nuc gene. MRSA and MRSP were confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. Results The prevalence of coagulase‐positive S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in dogs were 16% and 45.3%, respectively. S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates displayed the highest resistance against nalidixic acid (95.2% and 91%, respectively) and erythromycin (89.3% and 84.7%, respectively). Notably, all the staphylococcal isolates showed resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. The prevalence of MRSA and MRSP in dogs was 8.7% and 6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following variables as risk factors for MRSA colonisation in dogs: dogs with dermatitis (odds ratio [OR], 12.24, 95% CI: 3.12–57.33; p < 0.001) and history of antibiotic use (OR 8.73, 95% CI: 2.23–43.10; p < 0.001). Presence of otitis (OR 14.22; 95% CI: 1.64–103.58; p = 0.008) and oral lesions (OR 9.48, 95% CI: 1.14–64.82; p = 0.002) were identified as the significant risk factors for the carriage of MRSP. Conclusions The circulation of multidrug‐resistant S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius is a serious concern to dogs and humans. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. pseudintermedius and MRSP affecting dogs in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zohorul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tridip Das
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Avijit Dutta
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Himel Barua
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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10
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Silvestri S, Rampacci E, Stefanetti V, Trotta M, Fani C, Levorato L, Brachelente C, Passamonti F. Immunofluorescence Targeting PBP2a Protein: A New Potential Methicillin Resistance Screening Test. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:740934. [PMID: 34917668 PMCID: PMC8669817 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.740934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of first-line drugs contributed to the spread of resistant bacteria, a major concern for both human and veterinary medicine. Methicillin resistance is acquired through the mecA gene, which encodes for the PBP2a protein and lends the resistance to β-lactams. Verifying the correspondence between gene harboring and protein expression and accelerating methicillin resistance diagnosis is critical to improve the management of antimicrobial administration and to reduce the spread of drug resistances. We tested the applicability of immunofluorescence targeting PBP2a protein to identify a new potential methicillin resistance screening test, ancillary to conventional culture methods. We collected 26 clinical Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolates: 25 from canine pyoderma and 1 from dermatitis in a dog owner. SP is one of the most important etiological agents in canine pyoderma and can harbor the mecA gene. We performed PCR for mecA gene detection, broth microdilution (BMD) for phenotypic methicillin resistance, and immunofluorescence targeting PBP2a protein. Compared to the PCR as the gold standard, immunofluorescence showed an apparent prevalence of 34.6% vs. a true prevalence of 53.8%, with 100% specificity, 64.3% sensitivity, and 80.8% diagnostic accuracy. PBP2a expression showed isolate-dependent variability: in some isolates, most of the bacterial cells showed an intense and clearly membranous pattern, while in others only a few of them could be detected. Performing the assay in duplicate improved the diagnostic accuracy. Since the mecA gene is shared among the members of the Staphylococcus genus, the test can be applied to identify methicillin resistance independently from the staphylococcal species, both in human and animal samples. Being a rapid and easy method and providing the unique possibility to study the expression of PBP2a by directly visualizing the morphology, it could represent a new interesting tool for both research and diagnostics. To accelerate methicillin resistance diagnosis, it would be worth further testing of its performance on cytological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Levorato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Kitagawa H, Hisatsune J, Ohge H, Kutsuno S, Hara T, Masuda K, Aziz F, Sugai M. Implanted Port Catheter System Infection Caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71-SCCmec type III. Intern Med 2021; 60:2337-2340. [PMID: 33583884 PMCID: PMC8355384 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5579-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections in dogs. However, infections caused by S. pseudintermedius are only rarely reported in humans, and this pathogen is frequently misidentified as S. aureus. We herein report a case of an implanted port catheter system infection caused by methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient was also a dog owner. S. pseudintermedius was first identified using the Vitek2 system (BioMérieux). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that this MRSP was a sequence type 71-carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type III (ST71-SCCmec III) isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitagawa
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shoko Kutsuno
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hara
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Section of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kanako Masuda
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Fatkhanuddin Aziz
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Department of Bioresources Technology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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12
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Suepaul S, Georges K, Unakal C, Boyen F, Sookhoo J, Ashraph K, Yusuf A, Butaye P. Determination of the frequency, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from dogs and their owners in Trinidad. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254048. [PMID: 34214140 PMCID: PMC8253405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The close contact between humans and their dogs can lead to the commingling of staphylococci and the exchange of mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci colonizing canine pets and their owners in Trinidad. Staphylococci were isolated from canine pets and their owners and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against seven classes of antimicrobial agents. A total of 440 staphylococci were isolated from 112 canine pets and their owners, 53.4% were from canine pets and 46.6% were from owners. Twenty-four species were detected, of which, most isolates (32.5%) belonged to the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG). S. sciuri was the most common species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprising 22.3% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was highest against commonly used antimicrobials, such as penicillin (51.4%), tetracycline (26.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (18.6%). These antimicrobials also comprised the most common multidrug resistance (MDR) combination. Overall, 19.1% of isolates displayed multidrug resistance. No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected. However, methicillin resistance was detected in 13.3% and 15.1% of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and the CoNS+CoVS (combined CoNS and coagulase-variable staphylococci) group respectively. The presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is worrisome because there is the potential for the transfer of these strains between dogs and humans. These strains may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharianne Suepaul
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- * E-mail:
| | - Karla Georges
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chandrashekhar Unakal
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Sookhoo
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Khalil Ashraph
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anisah Yusuf
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
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13
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Small C, Beatty N, El Helou G. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Bacteremia in a Lung Transplant Recipient Exposed to Domestic Pets. Cureus 2021; 13:e14895. [PMID: 34109083 PMCID: PMC8180354 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius commonly colonizes companion animals, including canines. This microbe is a major opportunistic pathogen responsible for pyogenic and necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection in canines. Infection with S. pseudintermedius is increasingly being recognized in humans, especially in those who are immunocompromised. This microbe is quite similar to Staphylococcus aureus, expressing several analogous virulence factors and a variety of toxins. Furthermore, S. pseudintermedius has variants that display multi-drug resistance comparable to methicillin-resistant S. aureus. We report a 50-year-old female with bilateral lung transplant on immunosuppression who presents with signs of sepsis and pneumonia. Initial blood cultures grew Gram-positive cocci that were not initially identified via molecular diagnostics as Staphylococcus species but were later confirmed as S. pseudintermedius through mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated multi-drug resistance, including methicillin. Despite aggressive medical and antimicrobial treatment, our patients succumbed to the infection. The source of infection likely came from her companion canine at home as no other source could be identified; however, cultures were unable to be obtained from the companion canine. Those who are immunosuppressed, such as with solid organ transplants, should take caution with exposure to companion animals due to the potential for S. pseudintermedius infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coulter Small
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Norman Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Guy El Helou
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
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14
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Effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on hematology, blood chemistry, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:200-208. [PMID: 33684794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are antibiotics widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Effects on the immune system and inflammatory response, including effects on blood leukocytes proliferation and function and in cytokines synthesis, have been described. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT) have lost their antimicrobial activity, but maintain these other properties. This study analyzes the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on the evolution of complete blood count, blood chemistry, the mRNA expression of selected cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations distribution in healthy dogs. CMT-8 at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily was administered per os to six healthy dogs. A control group of five healthy dogs, living in the same conditions than dogs treated with CMT-8, received placebo with an identical therapeutic regimen. When given at the doses used in this study, no side effects of CMT-8 were detected, suggesting a good tolerance and a limited toxicity of the drug. Dogs treated with CMT-8 showed a gradual increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The administration of CMT-8 in healthy dogs did not affect blood mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40 and IL-13. However, the lymphocytes expressing class II MHC on their surface decreased during the first two weeks of CMT-8 treatment and subsequently increased for the next three months. Considering the absence of antimicrobial properties of the drug, the effects of CMT-8 detected in this study seem to be unrelated to the classical antimicrobial activity attributed to tetracyclines.
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15
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Miranda C, Silva V, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Impact of European pet antibiotic use on enterococci and staphylococci antimicrobial resistance and human health. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:185-201. [PMID: 33491483 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics described in both human and veterinary medicine, there is emerging evidence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms isolated from humans and pets, forming a multifaceted problem. Although the true magnitude of antimicrobial resistance in pets and other animals, as well as humans, are not fully known; pets, in particular dogs and cats, can contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance due to close contact with humans and their status as a family member in urban households. This review summarizes and highlights the current data concerning the antibiotic use on pets, and the European distribution of the increasing prevalence of multiresistant bacterial pathogens, such as enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci on pets, as well as its implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Miranda
- Microbiology & Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology & Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, 2829-516, Portugal.,Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal.,Functional Genomics & Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, 2829-516, Portugal.,Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal.,Functional Genomics & Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology & Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, 2829-516, Portugal
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16
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Bhooshan S, Negi V, Khatri PK. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: an undocumented, emerging pathogen in humans. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2020; 15:Doc32. [PMID: 33391967 PMCID: PMC7745645 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in humans were recorded in 2006, and is now becoming a concern because of its close similarities to human pathogens in the Staphylococcusintermedius group (SIG). These bacteria have all the properties which a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus possesses. The literature was searched using the term “Staphylococcus pseudintermedius” in PubMed and other reference databases. The virulence factor and the pathogenicity are under investigation, but reports have suggested that this commensal of animals is transmitted easily via close contact to animals by owners, veterinarians and staff. Resistance to beta-lactams (including methicillin) is a primary concern. Drug resistance to methicillin is a considerable problem in developing countries, as antibiotic use is not regulated. Studies from Europe have reported multidrug resistant isolates from clinical specimens. Although data on drug resistance and pathogenesis of S. pseudintermedius are not sufficient, it is extremely important to identify the pathogen correctly. Only then can its pathogenesis be studied during the course of disease and appropriate measures developed to prevent it becoming a global problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Bhooshan
- Department of Microbiology Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikrant Negi
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prabhat K Khatri
- Department of Microbiology Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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17
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de Jong A, Youala M, El Garch F, Simjee S, Rose M, Morrissey I, Moyaert H. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of canine and feline skin and ear pathogens isolated from European veterinary clinics: results of the ComPath Surveillance programme. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:431-e114. [PMID: 32924232 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ComPath project is a pan-European programme dedicated to the monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of canine and feline pathogens using standardized methods and centralized minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. OBJECTIVES To report antimicrobial susceptibilities of major pathogens isolated from nontreated animals with acute clinical signs of skin, wound or ear infections in 2013-2014. METHODS AND MATERIALS MICs were determined by agar dilution for commonly used drugs and interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints, if available. RESULTS Of 1,676 isolates recovered, the main species isolated from dogs were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, followed by Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In cats, Pasteurella multocida, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated most frequently. Resistance rates observed for S. pseudintermedius were <26.7% for penicillin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol, and ≤11.5% for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefalexin, cefovecin, gentamicin and fluoroquinolones. For S. aureus, resistance rates ranged up to 90.9% for β-lactams, and were 19.7% for clindamycin, 27% for fluoroquinolones and 0.0-6.1% for other drugs. The mecA gene was confirmed by PCR in 10.6% of S. pseudintermedius, 11.6% of CoNS and 31.4% of S. aureus isolates. In streptococci/enterococci, resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol ranged from 0.0% to 11.3%, whereas fluoroquinolone resistance ranged from 0.0% to 8.5%. For E. coli, resistance ranged from 13.8 to 15.9% for fluoroquinolones and from 86.2% to 100.0% for β-lactams. Low rates of resistance (0.0-6.3%) were observed in P. multocida, and for P. aeruginosa resistance to gentamicin was 10.3%. CONCLUSION Overall, antimicrobial resistance of cutaneous/otic pathogens isolated from dogs and cats was low (1-10%) to moderate (10-20%). For several pathogens, the paucity of CLSI recommended breakpoints for veterinary use is a bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anno de Jong
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, 168 Av de Tervueren, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Youala
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, 168 Av de Tervueren, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Farid El Garch
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, 168 Av de Tervueren, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shabbir Simjee
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, 168 Av de Tervueren, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markus Rose
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, 168 Av de Tervueren, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Hilde Moyaert
- CEESA ComPath Study Group, 168 Av de Tervueren, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Trościańczyk A, Nowakiewicz A, Gnat S, Wójcik M, Wdowiak-Wróbel S, Kalita M. Contamination of the urban environment with excrements of companion animals as an underestimated source of Staphylococcus species posing a threat to public health. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:12-19. [PMID: 32384066 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the incidence, resistance, virulence, and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. residing in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats, as a group of animals causing potential contamination of the urban space. A high percentage of strains resistant to penicillin (58%), oxacillin (9%) and tetracycline (60%) were found. All isolates resistant to penicillin, kanamycin, or chloramphenicol carried genes responsible for individual resistance (blaZ, aph(3')-IIIa, and cat (pC194)/cat (pC223), respectively. The mecA gene was detected in 45% of the oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains. The amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction sites analysis demonstrated high heterogeneity of genotypic profiles correlating with phenotypic resistance profiles. Multilocus sequence typing analysis classified the methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius strains as ST71, ST890, and the totally new ST1047. The presence of a high level of resistance among Staphylococcus strains may suggest a potential risk of transfer of these bacteria between companion animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójcik
- 2Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wdowiak-Wróbel
- 2Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Kalita
- 2Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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19
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Haenni M, El Garch F, Miossec C, Madec JY, Hocquet D, Valot B. High genetic diversity among methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs in Europe. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 21:57-59. [PMID: 32097758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon-ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon-ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Bioinformatique et big data au service de la santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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20
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Mama OM, Ruiz-Ripa L, Fernández-Fernández R, González-Barrio D, Ruiz-Fons JF, Torres C. High frequency of coagulase-positive staphylococci carriage in healthy wild boar with detection of MRSA of lineage ST398-t011. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5301339. [PMID: 30689826 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and diversity of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) in nasal samples of healthy wild boar, to study their resistance phenotypes/genotypes and to check the occurrence of the MRSA-ST398. Nasal samples of 371 wild boars were collected in Spain for staphylococci and MRSA recovery. Staphylococci identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials was tested by disc-diffusion and the presence of resistance genes by PCR. Molecular typing and virulence factors determination were carried out by PCR and sequencing. The rate of CoPS carriage (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) in wild boar was of 17.8% (13.7%, 2.7% and 1.6%, respectively). Susceptibility to all tested antimicrobials was shown in 74.5% of S. aureus and one strain was MRSA [lineage ST398-t011-agrI, carrying blaZ, mecA, tet(M) and tet(K) genes]. A total of 22 spa-types and 17 STs were detected among S. aureus, including: ST398/CC398 (n = 1), ST2328-ST133/CC133 (n = 20), ST425/CC425 (n = 7), ST5/CC5 (n = 5), ST1/CC1 (n = 3), ST130/CC130 (n = 2) and ST88/CC88 (n = 1). Two spa-types (t02, t15) and four STs (ST455, ST796, ST797, ST798) were detected among the six S. pseudintermedius isolates recovered, and all of them carried the lukF/S-I and siet virulence genes. All S. hyicus isolates were susceptible to antimicrobials tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olouwafemi Mistourath Mama
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - David González-Barrio
- Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12 13071 Ciudad Real España, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12 13071 Ciudad Real España, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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21
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Menandro ML, Dotto G, Mondin A, Martini M, Ceglie L, Pasotto D. Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from symptomatic companion animals in Northern Italy: Clonal diversity and novel sequence types. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 66:101331. [PMID: 31437680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, the genotypic diversity, the antimicrobial resistance traits of canine and feline clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates in a diagnostic laboratory in Italy during 2015-2016. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC)-mec typing and staphylococcal protein A (spa)-typing. The resistance profiles were assessed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and confirmed genotypically by the detection of mecA gene and by microarray analyses. The prevalence of MRSP isolates was high (31.6%). All the strains were multidrug resistant and the most frequent clone was ST71-SCCmec type II-III. These results confirm a high prevalence of MRSP amongst clinical samples from pets in Italy. These isolates show multidrug resistance features that are of concern both in veterinary and human medicine for clinical and epidemiological reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Menandro
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Dotto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Mondin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Marco Martini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Letizia Ceglie
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pasotto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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22
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EUCAST disc diffusion criteria for the detection of mecA-Mediated β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: oxacillin versus cefoxitin. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:122.e1-122.e6. [PMID: 31108230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Until recently, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommended the cefoxitin disc to screen for mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. A recent study indicated that cefoxitin was inferior to oxacillin in this respect. We have re-evaluated cefoxitin and oxacillin discs for screening for methicillin resistance in S. pseudintermedius. METHODS We included 224 animal and human S. pseudintermedius isolates from Europe (n = 108) and North America (n = 116), of which 109 were mecA-positive. Disc diffusion was performed per EUCAST recommendations using 30-μg cefoxitin and 1-μg oxacillin discs from three manufacturers and Mueller-Hinton agar from two manufacturers. RESULTS Cefoxitin inhibition zones ranged from 6 to 33 mm for mecA-positive S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and from 29 to 41 mm for mecA-negative S. pseudintermedius (MSSP). The corresponding oxacillin zone intervals were 6-20 mm and 19-30 mm. For cefoxitin 16% (95% CI 14.8-18.0%) of the isolates were in the area where positive and negative results overlapped. For oxacillin the corresponding number was 2% (1.6-2.9%). For oxacillin a breakpoint of susceptible (S) ≥ 20 mm and resistant (R) <20 mm resulted in only 0.4% and 1.1% very major error and major error rates respectively. CONCLUSIONS This investigation confirms that the 1-μg oxacillin disc predicts mecA-mediated methicillin resistance in S. pseudintermedius better than the 30-μg cefoxitin disc. For a 1-μg oxacillin disc we propose that 20 mm should be used as cut off for resistance, i.e. isolates with a zone diameter <20 mm are resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics except those with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.
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23
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Mališová L, Šafránková R, Kekláková J, Petráš P, Žemličková H, Jakubů V. Correct species identification (reclassification in CNCTC) of strains of Staphylococcus intermedius-group can improve an insight into their evolutionary history. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 64:231-236. [PMID: 30238302 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A group of 59 putative strains of Staphylococcus intermedius/Staphylococcus pseudintermedius deposited in the Czech National Collection of Type Cultures (CNCTC, National Institute for Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic) and the National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci (NRL for Staphylococci, National Institute for Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic) was reclassified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). There the biggest human collection of S. pseudintermedius in Europe was analysed; 44 samples (75%) were of human origin. Twenty-two percent (n = 13) of the strains were isolated from animals, and two staphylococci were of unknown origin. This study revealed the prevalence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (94%, n = 53) vs. Staphylococcus intermedius (6%, n = 6) in the collection of human and veterinary staphylococci after reclassification. Results of PCR-RFLP analysis were verified by comparison with a repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (Rep-PCR) analysis on 26 (44%) randomly selected strains. Due to a low-resolution ability of PCR-RFLP to separate Staphylococcus intermedius from Staphylococcus delphini, four isolates of Staphylococcus intermedius were biochemically verified further to exclude the presence of Staphylococcus delphini in the collection. Our results indicate that S. intermedius and S. pseudintermedius have occurred independently over an age-long period of their co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mališová
- National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Renáta Šafránková
- Czech National Collection of Type Cultures, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kekláková
- National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Petráš
- National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Žemličková
- National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Jakubů
- National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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24
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Grandolfo E. Looking through Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infections: Could SpA be considered a possible vaccine target? Virulence 2018; 9:703-706. [PMID: 29457988 PMCID: PMC5955435 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1426964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Grandolfo
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Valenzano , Italy
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