1
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Souci L, Denesvre C. Interactions between avian viruses and skin in farm birds. Vet Res 2024; 55:54. [PMID: 38671518 PMCID: PMC11055369 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the avian viruses that infect the skin of domestic farm birds of primary economic importance: chicken, duck, turkey, and goose. Many avian viruses (e.g., poxviruses, herpesviruses, Influenza viruses, retroviruses) leading to pathologies infect the skin and the appendages of these birds. Some of these viruses (e.g., Marek's disease virus, avian influenza viruses) have had and/or still have a devasting impact on the poultry economy. The skin tropism of these viruses is key to the pathology and virus life cycle, in particular for virus entry, shedding, and/or transmission. In addition, for some emergent arboviruses, such as flaviviruses, the skin is often the entry gate of the virus after mosquito bites, whether or not the host develops symptoms (e.g., West Nile virus). Various avian skin models, from primary cells to three-dimensional models, are currently available to better understand virus-skin interactions (such as replication, pathogenesis, cell response, and co-infection). These models may be key to finding solutions to prevent or halt viral infection in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Souci
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Virus Aviaires, UMR1282 ISP, INRAE Centre Val-de-Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Caroline Denesvre
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Virus Aviaires, UMR1282 ISP, INRAE Centre Val-de-Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Lei X, Wang A, Zhu S, Wu S. From obscurity to urgency: a comprehensive analysis of the rising threat of duck circovirus. Vet Res 2024; 55:12. [PMID: 38279181 PMCID: PMC10811865 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a small, nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus with immunosuppressive effects on ducks that leads to slow growth and elevated mortality following mixed infections. Its infection manifests as feather loss, slow growth, swelling of respiratory tissue, and damage to immune organs in ducks. Although single infections with DuCV do not cause noticeable clinical symptoms, its ability to compromise the immune system and facilitate infections caused by other pathogens poses a serious threat to duck farming. Given the prevalence of this disease and the increasing infection rates in recent years, which have resulted in significant economic losses in duck farming and related sectors, research and control of DuCV infection have become especially important. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current understanding of DuCV, serving as a reference for subsequent research and effective control of the virus. We focus mainly on the genetics and molecular biology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and pathology of DuCV. Additionally, topics such as the isolation and culture of the virus, vaccines and antiviral therapies, diagnostics, and preventative measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnuo Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Wang X, Yu H, Zhang W, Fu L, Wang Y. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Vertically Transmitted Viruses in Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:6. [PMID: 38200736 PMCID: PMC10777988 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the distribution and genetic variation in four vertically transmitted duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), duck circovirus (DuCV), duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3), and avian reoviruses (ARV), we conducted an epidemiology study using PCR and RT-PCR assays on a duck population. We found that DHBV was the most prevalent virus (69.74%), followed by DuCV (39.48%), and then ARV (19.92%) and DHAV-3 (8.49%). Among the 271 duck samples, two, three or four viruses were detected in the same samples, indicating that the coinfection of vertical transmission agents is common in ducks. The genetic analysis results showed that all four identified DuCV strains belonged to genotype 1, the DHAV-3 strain was closely clustered with previously identified strains from China, and the ARV stain was clustered under genotype 1. These indicate that different viral strains are circulating among the ducks. Our findings will improve the knowledge of the evolution of DuCV, DHAV-3, and ARV, and help choose suitable strains for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150068, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150068, China
| | - Lizhi Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 408599, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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4
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Yin Y, Xiong C, Shi K, Long F, Feng S, Qu S, Lu W, Huang M, Lin C, Sun W, Li Z. Multiplex digital PCR: a superior technique to qPCR for the simultaneous detection of duck Tembusu virus, duck circovirus, and new duck reovirus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1222789. [PMID: 37662994 PMCID: PMC10469322 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1222789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), duck circovirus (DuCV), and new duck reovirus (NDRV) have seriously hindered the development of the poultry industry in China. To detect the three pathogens simultaneously, a multiplex digital PCR (dPCR) was developed and compared with multiplex qPCR in this study. The multiplex dPCR was able to specifically detect DTMUV, DuCV, and NDRV but not amplify Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV), Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), goose parvovirus (GPV), H4 avian influenza virus (H4 AIV), H6 avian influenza virus (H6 AIV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The standard curves showed excellent linearity in multiplex dPCR and qPCR and were positively correlated. The sensitivity results showed that the lowest detection limit of multiplex dPCR was 1.3 copies/μL, which was 10 times higher than that of multiplex qPCR. The reproducibility results showed that the intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 0.06-1.94%. A total of 173 clinical samples were tested to assess the usefulness of the method; the positive detection rates for DTMUV, DuCV, and NDRV were 18.5, 29.5, and 14.5%, respectively, which were approximately 4% higher than those of multiplex qPCR, and the kappa values for the clinical detection results of multiplex dPCR and qPCR were 0.85, 0.89, and 0.86, indicating that the two methods were in excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Yin
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyong Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Long
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Shuping Feng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Sujie Qu
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Meizhi Huang
- Longan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Changhua Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Xijiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zongqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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5
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Guo Z, Zhang S, Sun Y, Li Q, Tang Y, Diao Y, Hou S. Genomic characteristics, pathogenicity and viral shedding of a novel DVEV variant derived from goose. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102392. [PMID: 36745957 PMCID: PMC9906019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck virus enteritis (DVE), caused by the DVE virus (DVEV), is an acute, septicemic, and contagious disease affecting ducks of different breeds, ages, and sexes. In late spring and summer 2019, several outbreaks of DVE were reported in areas with large waterfowl industries in central and southern China. A goose farm located in Jining County, Shandong Province, was impacted by an acute DVE outbreak in July 2019. The causative DVEV field strain (Goose/DVEV/SDJN/China/2019) was subsequently isolated from the liver specimens collected from acute cases of dead geese, which showed severe hemorrhagic lesions on the esophageal mucosal membranes of specimens collected from all the postmortem cases. Comparison of the genome sequence of this newly isolated field strain (Goose/DVEV/SDJN/China/2019) with the common DVEV strains revealed insertions or mutations in the gB and gC genes, which possibly caused the observed high morbidity and mortality in this acute outbreak. We conducted a trial among geese to evaluate the pathogenicity of this strain. Healthy experimental goslings aged 15 d old were inoculated with 10-5.53 ELD50/0.2 mL doses orally or through intramuscular injection. Clinical signs and esophageal erosion appeared in infected geese. Necropsy revealed hemorrhage and necrosis of the cloacal mucosa and liver. Detection of the virus using real-time PCR in the liver, brain, and spleen indicated that they were the hotspots of DVEV infections. One day after the DVEV infection, virus release and seroconvert were observed in infected geese. Thus, our studies demonstrate that DVEV is highly pathogenic and contagious in geese. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the pathogenicity of mutant duck viral enteritis virus in goslings. This study serves as a foundation for further investigations into the pathophysiology of the recently identified variant DVEV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbao Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hai'dian, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yonglin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hai'dian, Beijing, 100097, China.
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6
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Neale S, Welchman D, Garcia‐Rueda C, Grierson S, Pearson A. Detection of duck circovirus in Great Britain. Vet Rec 2022; 191:424. [DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Neale
- APHA Penrith Veterinary Investigation Centre, Merrythought Calthwaite Cumbria CA11 9RR
| | - David Welchman
- APHA Penrith Veterinary Investigation Centre, Merrythought Calthwaite Cumbria CA11 9RR
| | - Cristina Garcia‐Rueda
- Avian Pathology, Diagnostics & Official Certification 8 Ladywell Gardens Edinburgh EH12 7LQ
| | - Sylvia Grierson
- APHA Department of Virology Woodham Lane, New Haw Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB
| | - Alan Pearson
- Lanes Vets, Green Lane Vet Centre, Cabus Garstang Lancashire PR3 1PR
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Yuan S, Yao XY, Yang HH, Zhang YQ, Liu H, Sun J, Lv ZH, Huang SJ, Zhang XL. Research Note: Genetic diversity of duck circoviruses circulating in partial areas of Guangdong province, southern China. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102032. [PMID: 35905551 PMCID: PMC9334309 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is the smallest known virus in waterfowl that infects both domestic and wild duck. Infected ducks often show stunted growth and immunosuppression, which increases the rate of secondary infection with other pathogens. In this study, 270 liver tissue samples were collected to screen the presence of DuCV in Guangdong province, China, and the complete genome sequences were recovered and systematically analyzed. Genetic analyses revealed that sequences determined in this study shared 81.6% to 100.0% genome-wide pairwise identity with previously identified DuCV genomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that 2 DuCV genotypes with a high infection rate were co-circulating in duck population in Guangdong province, and extensive recombination events have occurred during the evolution of DuCV. Our results expand upon the knowledge regarding the genetic diversity and evolution of DuCV, and also indicate that extensive genetically divergent DuCV are co-circulating in the duck populations in Guangdong, southern China.
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8
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Zhang D, Wu J, Sun J, Bai C, Xu F, Duan P, Wang Y. Establishment of TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of duck circovirus. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:470. [PMID: 34745821 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is widespread across the world and causes feather disorders in young ducks. It was identified as the causative pathogen of duck beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In this study, we aimed to establish a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay to detect DuCV. The primers and probe were designed based on the conserved region of the DuCV Rep gene. After optimizing the reaction conditions, the minimum virus detection limit of the designed PCR technique was 39.4 copies/μL, 100 times that of conventional PCR (cPCR). No cross-reaction with six other common duck viruses was observed. The intra- and inter-assay variations were less than 1%. The detection rate of DuCV-positive clinical samples using TaqMan-based real-time PCR was higher than that using SYBR Green-based real-time PCR and cPCR. Collectively, these results showed that the established TaqMan-based real-time PCR detected DuCV with high sensitivity and specificity, and significant repeatability, making it suitable for clinical use. Hence, it may be used as a novel tool for the diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of DuCV.
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9
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Zhang L, Jiang W, Zhang F, Li Y, Li J, Liang S, Yu X, Peng C, Liu S, Wang J, Sun S, Liu H. Development of a dual-labeled, hydrolysis probe-based, real-time quantitative PCR assay for detection of both genotypes of duck circovirus-1 (DuCV-1) and DuCV-2. Virus Genes 2021; 57:453-458. [PMID: 34312741 PMCID: PMC8312713 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on a dual-labeled hydrolysis probe to simultaneously detect both duck circovirus (DuCV) 1 and DuCV-2. The reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity of the primer set and probe were evaluated using other duck pathogens. The detection limit was 20 copies per µL. The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were ≤ 0.73% and the inter-assay CVs were ≤ 1.89%. No cross-reaction occurred with other duck pathogens. In addition, the qPCR assay was successfully applied to the simultaneous detection of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 in clinical field samples. Therefore, this assay will be useful for laboratory diagnosis and epidemiological field studies of DuCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Liang
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Bai CX, Guo X, Gao WH, Li ML, Wang J, Li YD. Molecular characteristics of a novel duck circovirus subtype 1d emerging in Anhui, China. Virus Res 2020; 295:198216. [PMID: 33137403 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of infection of duck circovirus (DuCV) in Anhui province, China is not well-characterized. Therefore, in this study, we collected 69 samples from sick ducks and tested them for the presence of DuCV by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The complete viral genomes of five DuCV strains from five different cities were randomly selected, amplified via PCR, sequenced, and subjected to recombination analysis. The five DuCV genomes were named as AHAU9, AHAU25, AHAU28, AHAU37, and AHAUHQ. We found that 36.2 % of the ducks were infected with DuCV. The five DuCV strains had genome lengths ranging from 1987 to 1995 nucleotides, with a sequence similarity of 81.8-98.2 %. Among them, AHAU28, AHAU37, and AHAUHQ were closely related to the reference strain YF180403, GX1105 strain, and wd2015028 of DuCV, respectively. AHAU9 and AHAU25 were found to belong to a new DuCV subtype, DuCV-1d. Moreover, recombination analysis showed that the DuCV-1d subtype strains had the same recombination pattern. These results improve the understanding of the frequency of DuCV infection in Anhui province. Our findings may be useful for preventing and controlling the spread of DuCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Da Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cai-Xia Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China; Hefei Minghang Breeding Co. Ltd, Hefei, Anhui Province, 231262, China
| | - Xu Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Hui Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Meng-Lin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Animal Husbandry Base Teaching and Research Section, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Yong-Dong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Ji J, Chen Q, Sui C, Yu Z, Xu X, Yao L, Kan Y, Bi Y, Xie Q. Novel genotype definition and genome characteristics of duck circovirus in central and Eastern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2993-3004. [PMID: 32531142 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To explore genetic variations in duck circovirus (DuCV) and the molecular epidemiology of its infection, tissue samples were collected from 219 dead ducks from 20 farms in the central and eastern regions of China. All farms tested positive for DuCV, with duck-origin goose parvovirus, reovirus and Tembusu virus having co-infection rates of 100%, 0% and 0%, respectively. A total of 20 strains from the DuCV-positive flock were sequenced. The total sequence length was 1987-1996 nt, and the sequences shared 82% (JX499186, DuCV2 from Sichuan province, China) to 99.7% (KY328304, DuCV1 from Shandong Province, China) sequence identity with DuCV sequences available in GenBank. Hyper-variable regions were mainly located in open reading frame (ORF)2, ORF3 and intergenic regions. The tertiary structure of ORF2 from four provinces (Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang and Fujian) in China showed a canonical viral jelly roll and the antigenic epitope of ORF2 located in the bulge of the protein surface. Overall, 15 of the 20 DuCV strains are possibly derived through inter-genotypic and intragenotypic recombination. Based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses, six strains from Fujian Province clustered into a novel genotype-DuCV-1d. These findings may enrich our understanding of DuCV evolution and circulation and lay the foundation for vaccine strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Qinxi Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Chaoge Sui
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Zhengli Yu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
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12
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Liu H, Li LX, Sun WC, Shi N, Sun XT, Jin NY, Si XK. Molecular survey of duck circovirus infection in poultry in southern and southwestern China during 2018 and 2019. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:80. [PMID: 32138728 PMCID: PMC7059369 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a potential immunosuppressive virus that causes feather disorders in young ducks. In this study, DuCV obtained from various species of ducks was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in southern and southwestern China (Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces) from 2018 to 2019. Results A total of 848 bursa samples were collected from dead Mulard, Cherry Valley Pekin, Muscovy and Mallard ducks from duck farms. The positivity rate of DuCV in the total sample was approximately 36.91%. We found that the prevalence of DuCV in Yunnan (43.09%) was higher than those in Guangxi (34.38%) and Guangdong (34.4%). However, the positivity rates of DuCV in the four duck species were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Nineteen randomly selected complete viral genomes were sequenced. The complete genomes of the DuCV were 1987 to 1995 nt in length, and were 81.7–99.3% homologous to the other 57 sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses based on the complete genomes of 76 DuCVs showed that the 19 novel DuCV sequences from Guangdong and Guangxi provinces mainly belonged to the DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 genetic groups, respectively. However, the two genotype groups coexisted in Yunnan Province. In addition, recombination analysis showed putative recombination sites in 3 strains in Yunnan that originated from strains Guangdong and Guangxi. Interestingly, the epidemiological investigation showed that Mulard ducks, Cherry Valley Pekin ducks and Muscovy ducks more than 4 weeks old were more susceptible to infection with the novel DuCV than ducks less than 4 weeks old. Conclusions These data provide insight into the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of DuCVs circulating in southern and southwestern China for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Li Xia Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.,Jilin Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Forestry Department of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Wen Chao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ning Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xiu Tao Sun
- Honghe Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Mengzi, 661000, China
| | - Ning Yi Jin
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xing Kui Si
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
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13
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Zhaolong L, Guanghua F, Zhihua F, Jianhua C, Shaohua S, Rongchang L, Longfei C, Hongmei C, Chunhe W, Yu H. Evaluation of a novel inactivated vaccine against duck circovirus in muscovy ducks. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108574. [PMID: 31928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV), an immunosuppressive pathogen, causes serious damage to waterfowls worldwide. A highly efficient vaccine would play a crucial role in preventing DuCV infections in the waterfowl breeding industry. However, to date, there is a dearth of commercial vaccines owing to the lack of a cell culture system for propagating the requisite virus amounts in vitro. In this study, we isolated DuCVs from Muscovy ducks, helped them proliferate using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and developed an inactivated vaccine. Muscovy ducks vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine had higher neutralizing antibody titers than the control ducks and higher protection in the challenge experiment (as assessed by weight measurement). Moreover, the inactivated vaccine did not cause feather abnormalities, growth repression, and dwarf syndrome; likewise, lesions and lymphocyte apoptosis in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus were not observed. Significantly lower virus shedding from the inactivated vaccine was detected up to 42 days post-inoculation. Together, these results suggest that the inactivated DuCV vaccine can induce a high immune response, is relatively safer for Muscovy ducks, and thus it is a protective vaccine candidates against DuCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhaolong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Fu Guanghua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Feng Zhihua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Chen Jianhua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Shi Shaohua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Liu Rongchang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Cheng Longfei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Chen Hongmei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Wan Chunhe
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Huang Yu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
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14
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Huang J, Yang C, Jia R, Wang M, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yin Z, Jing B, Cheng A. Induction of a protective response in ducks vaccinated with a DNA vaccine encoding engineered duck circovirus Capsid protein. Vet Microbiol 2018; 225:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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