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Mushunje LH, Marandure T, Chikwanha OC, Bennett J, Hawkins HJ, Palmer AR, Wu L, M C M, Mapiye C. Supplementation of Acacia dealbata versus Acacia mearnsii leaf-meal has potential to maintain growth performance of lambs grazing low-quality communal rangelands in South Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:152. [PMID: 38722369 PMCID: PMC11082017 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Supplementing livestock grazing communal rangelands with leaf-meals from Acacia trees, which are currently considered as problematic invasive alien plants globally, may be a sustainable way of exploiting their desirable nutritional and anthelmintic properties. The current study evaluated worm burdens and growth performance of lambs grazing low-quality communal rangelands supplemented with leaf-meals prepared from the invasive alien plant species; Acacia mearnsii or A. dealbata. Forty, three-month-old ewe lambs weighing an average of 18.9 ± 0.60 kg were randomly allocated to four supplementary diets: (1) rangeland hay only (control), (2) commercial protein supplement plus rangeland hay, (3) A. mearnsii leaf-meal plus rangeland hay and (4) A. dealbata leaf-meal plus rangeland hay. All the supplementary diets were formulated to meet the lambs' minimum maintenance requirements for protein. All the lambs were grazed on communal rangelands daily from 0800 to 1400 after which they were penned to allow them access to their respective supplementary diets until 08:00 the following morning. The respective supplementary diets were offered at the rate of 400 g ewe- 1 day- 1 for 60 days. Lambs fed the commercial protein supplement had the highest dry matter intake followed by those fed the Acacia leaf-meals and the control diet, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). Relative to the other supplementary diets, lambs fed the commercial protein supplement and A. dealbata leaf-meal had higher (P ≤ 0.05) final body weight and average daily gains. Dietary supplementation did not affect lamb faecal worm egg counts over the study period (P > 0.05). There was no association between supplementary diets and lamb FAMACHA© scores (P > 0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of Acacia dealbata versus Acacia mearnsii has the potential to emulate commercial protein in maintaining growth performance of lambs grazing communal rangelands in the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Mushunje
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - T Marandure
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience (CAWR), Coventry University, Wolston Lane, Ryton Gardens, Coventry, CV8 3LG, UK
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - O C Chikwanha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - J Bennett
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience (CAWR), Coventry University, Wolston Lane, Ryton Gardens, Coventry, CV8 3LG, UK
| | - H J Hawkins
- Conservation South Africa, Forrest House, Belmont Park, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X1, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - A R Palmer
- Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - L Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Marufu M C
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - C Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Hoste H, Meza-OCampos G, Marchand S, Sotiraki S, Sarasti K, Blomstrand BM, Williams AR, Thamsborg SM, Athanasiadou S, Enemark HL, Torres Acosta JF, Mancilla-Montelongo G, Castro CS, Costa-Junior LM, Louvandini H, Sousa DM, Salminen JP, Karonen M, Engstrom M, Charlier J, Niderkorn V, Morgan ER. Use of agro-industrial by-products containing tannins for the integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Parasite 2022; 29:10. [PMID: 35225785 PMCID: PMC8884022 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have illustrated that different bioactive legume fodders containing condensed tannins might represent one of the options for integrated sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants, which may help address the worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics. More recently, impetus has been given to assess the potential antiparasitic activity of less conventional resources, represented by different agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs). This review presents in vitro and in vivo results obtained with a range of tannin-containing AIBPs of various geographical and botanical origins, namely AIBP of nuts, temperate and tropical barks, carob, coffee and cocoa. They tend to confirm the "proof of concept" for their antiparasitic effects and also for other aspects of ruminant production in an agro-ecological context. Socio-economic aspects of the exploitation of such non-conventional resources are also discussed as potential models of the circular economy, by using waste. The different modes of use of these resources are presented in this review, as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses to illustrate the advantages and limitations of on-farm use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Hoste
- Université de Toulouse, UMR 1225 IHAP INRAE/ENVT 31076 Toulouse France
| | | | - Sarah Marchand
- Université de Toulouse, UMR 1225 IHAP INRAE/ENVT 31076 Toulouse France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan Felipe Torres Acosta
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5 Mérida Yucatán 97000 México
| | - Gabriella Mancilla-Montelongo
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5 Mérida Yucatán 97000 México
| | - Carlos Sandoval Castro
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5 Mérida Yucatán 97000 México
| | - Livio M. Costa-Junior
- Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis Maranhão MA 65080-805 Brazil
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo 13400-970 Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dauana Mesquita Sousa
- Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis Maranhão MA 65080-805 Brazil
| | | | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland
| | - Marika Engstrom
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland
| | | | - Vincent Niderkorn
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores 63122 Saint-Genes Champanelle France
| | - Eric R. Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast BT9 5DL Northern Ireland United Kingdom
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Zirintunda G, Biryomumaisho S, Kasozi KI, Batiha GES, Kateregga J, Vudriko P, Nalule S, Olila D, Kajoba M, Matama K, Kwizera MR, Ghoneim MM, Abdelhamid M, Zaghlool SS, Alshehri S, Abdelgawad MA, Acai-Okwee J. Emerging Anthelmintic Resistance in Poultry: Can Ethnopharmacological Approaches Offer a Solution? Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:774896. [PMID: 35237147 PMCID: PMC8883056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited pharmacological studies have been conducted on plant species used against poultry helminths. The objective of this study was to provide a basis for plant based anthelmintics as possible alternatives against poultry anthelmintic resistance. The study justified the need for alternative anthelmintics. The study places emphasis on the increasing anthelmintic resistance, mechanism of resistance, and preparational protocols for plant anthelmintics and their associated mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical studies on plants as alternative therapies for the control of helminth parasites have not been fully explored especially in several developing countries. Plants from a broad range of species produce a wide variety of compounds that are potential anthelmintics candidates. Important phenolic acids have been found in Brassica rapa L. and Terminalia avicenniodes Guill. and Perri that affect the cell signaling pathways and gene expression. Benzo (c) phenanthridine and isoquinoline alkaloids are neurotoxic to helminths. Steroidal saponins (polyphyllin D and dioscin) interact with helminthic mitochondrial activity, alter cell membrane permeability, vacuolation and membrane damage. Benzyl isothiocyanate glucosinolates interfere with DNA replication and protein expression, while isoflavones from Acacia oxyphylla cause helminth flaccid paralysis, inhibit energy generation, and affect calcium utilization. Condensed tannins have been shown to cause the death of nematodes and paralysis leading to expulsion from the gastro-intestinal tract. Flavonoids from Chenopodium album L and Mangifera indica L act through the action of phosphodiesterase and Ca2+-ATPase, and flavonoids and tannins have been shown to act synergistically and are complementary to praziquantel. Artemisinins from Artemisia cina O. Berg are known to disrupt mitochondrial ATP production. Terpenoids from Cucurbita moschata L disrupt neurotransmission leading to paralysis as well as disruption of egg hatching. Yeast particle encapsulated terpenes are effective for the control of albendazole-resistant helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Zirintunda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Savino Biryomumaisho
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Albeheira, Egypt
| | - John Kateregga
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Nalule
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Deogracious Olila
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Mariam Kajoba
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mercy Rukundo Kwizera
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdelhamid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Zaghlool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Acai-Okwee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Corrêa PS, Mendes LW, Lemos LN, Crouzoulon P, Niderkorn V, Hoste H, Costa-Júnior LM, Tsai SM, Faciola AP, Abdalla AL, Louvandini H. Tannin supplementation modulates the composition and function of ruminal microbiome in lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5735434. [PMID: 32053145 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of tannin supplementation on ruminal microbiota of sixteen lambs infected and non-infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Animals were fed with hay, concentrate and supplemented with Acacia mearnsii (A. mearnsii). The animals were divided into four treatments: two control groups without infection, either receiving A. mearnsii (C+) or not (C-), and two infected groups, one with A. mearnsii (I+) and another without A. mearnsii (I-). Ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metagenome sequencing of ruminal microbiota were used to evaluate the effect of tannin and infection on ruminal microbiome. For SCFA, differences were observed only with A. mearnsii. Total SCFA and acetate molar percentage were decreased in C+ and I+ (P<0.05). Butyrate, valerate and isovalerate were higher in lambs that received A. mearnsii in the diet (P<0.05). The infection changed the microbiome structure and decreased the abundance of butyrate-producing microorganisms. In addition, A. mearnsii supplementation also affected the structure the microbial community, increasing the diversity and abundance of the butyrate-producing and probiotics bacteria, amino acid metabolic pathways, purine, pyrimidine and sphingolipid metabolism. Together, our findings indicate that A. mearnsii supplementation modulates important groups related to nitrogen, amino acid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, in rumen microbiome, affected by gastrointestinal nematodes infection in lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Spoto Corrêa
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, United States
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Nascimento Lemos
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Pierre Crouzoulon
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vincent Niderkorn
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRAE, UMR, Chemin des Capelles - BP 87614 - 31 076 - Toulouse, France
| | - Livio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Biological and Health Center, Federal University of Maranhao, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966 - Vila Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís - Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, United States
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Assessment of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Productive Parameters on Sheep Fed on a Ration Supplemented with Guazuma ulmifolia Leaves in Southern Mexico. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091617. [PMID: 32927686 PMCID: PMC7552337 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infections represent a serious problem in small ruminant production. This issue is currently potentiated by anthelmintic resistance. Thus, the need for more sustainable control alternatives has increased during recent decades. The use of bioactive forages with condensed tannins (CTs) has shown encouraging results. The local Mexican plant Guazuma ulmifolia is cited in ethnoveterinary studies and naturally selected by sheep (Pelibuey breed). G. ulmifolia contains a certain amount of CTs. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the impact of G. ulmifolia in sheep diet on animal performance and GI parasites eggs/oocysts excretion. Twenty-two sheep were randomly distributed into two groups: a control group without G. ulmifolia and a test group receiving a diet which contained G. ulmifolia fresh foliage at 30% of the total diet dry matter. For 30 days, weight, body condition, and GI parasite load were assessed. The results showed no significant anthelmintic and anticoccidial effects (p > 0.05) as well as inconsistent impact on live weight during the 30-days experiment. Nevertheless, considering the bromatological analysis of G. ulmifolia, its use as a diet supplement to adjust protein and calcium deficits of poor-quality forage is justified. Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the impact of a diet supplemented with Guazuma ulmifolia leaves on the productive performance and gastrointestinal parasites (GI) eggs/oocysts shedding of sheep (Pelibuey breed). Twenty-two non-lactating ewes were used. They were randomly allocated to two similar groups in terms of age, weight, body condition score (BCS), and GI parasites status. For 30 days, while the control group (G0) was given basic forage hay of Cynodon nlemfuensis, the test group (G1) received a blend of G. ulmifolia fresh foliage and C. nlemfuensis hay (respectively 30 and 70% of the diet on a DM basis). Animals were housed in separate covered pens. Quantitative coprological analysis was performed. Weight and BCS were evaluated. The daily feed amounts given and refused were measured in order to assess nutrient components intake (minerals, energy, and nitrogen). The results showed no significant differences between G1 and G0 regarding the anthelmintic and anticoccidial effects (p = 0.57, p = 0.91, respectively). Similarly, no significant overall impact on weight and BCS during the experiment (p = 0.77, p = 0.32, respectively) was observed. Nevertheless, concerning the bromatological analysis of G. ulmifolia, its use as a diet supplement to address protein and mineral deficits due to a poor-quality diet is fully justified.
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Lima PDMT, Crouzoulon P, Sanches TP, Zabré G, Kabore A, Niderkorn V, Hoste H, Amarante AFTD, Costa-Júnior LM, Abdalla AL, Louvandini H. Effects of Acacia mearnsii supplementation on nutrition, parasitological, blood parameters and methane emissions in Santa Inês sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2019; 207:107777. [PMID: 31626795 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes are a main problem for ruminant production, reducing animal performance and increasing environmental impact per unit of animal product generated. Tannin supplementation may lead to positive results regarding aspects such as parasitic infections and methane (CH4) emissions. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the condensed tannins (CT) extract made of powdered Acacia mearnsii bark (PAB) on nutrition, parasitic status and CH4 emissions in sheep artificially infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus. Twenty 10-month old Santa Inês lambs (24.7 ± 3.14 kg of initial body weight) were used in a 50-day trial. Animals were divided in four treatment groups according to parasitic infection and PAB supplementation: two control groups without infections, one without PAB (C-) (n = 4) and one with PAB (C+) (n = 4); two infected groups, one without PAB (I-) (n = 6) and another receiving PAB (I+) (n = 6). Initially, animals were kept in individual pens where they were fed ad libitum chopped tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and 210 g/animal/day of concentrate. On the first day of experiment, animals of I- and I+ groups were artificially infected with infective larvae (L3) of T. colubriformis and H. contortus. Lambs were weighed fortnightly to calculate average daily body weight gain (ADG). Blood and faeces samples were also collected in the same moment of weighing for the evaluation of blood parameters and faecal egg count (FEC) respectively. After 40 days of experiment, measurements of CH4 emissions in small chamber system started and following that, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) assay was carried out in metabolic cages. In the end of experimental period (50 days), lambs were slaughtered and samples of abomasum and small intestine content were collected for worm count, identification, and eggs/female count. No significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects were verified for ADG, ATTD and worm count. Blood parameters were affected in both infected groups (p < 0.05) from the 28th experimental day onwards, when these animals started to show reduced red blood cells, haemoglobin and packed cell volume when compared to C- and C+. Decreased FEC was verified in I+ when compared to I- and also, H. contortus eggs/female worm for I+ was lower than for I- (p < 0.05). Both infected groups showed higher CH4 emissions than the control groups (p < 0.05). Results highlighted the anthelmintic potential of PAB and indicated methanogenic effect of parasitic nematode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Crouzoulon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Geneviève Zabré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animales-DPA/INERA, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Kabore
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animales-DPA/INERA, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Vincent Niderkorn
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ceï W, Salah N, Alexandre G, Bambou J, Archimède H. Impact of energy and protein on the gastro-intestinal parasitism of small ruminants: A meta-analysis. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gerlach K, Pries M, Südekum KH. Effect of condensed tannin supplementation on in vivo nutrient digestibilities and energy values of concentrates in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abdalla Filho A, Corrêa P, Lemos L, Dineshkumar D, Issakowicz J, Ieda E, Lima P, Barreal M, McManus C, Mui T, Abdalla A, Louvandini H. Diets based on plants from Brazilian Caatinga altering ruminal parameters, microbial community and meat fatty acids of Santa Inês lambs. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Spiegler V, Liebau E, Hensel A. Medicinal plant extracts and plant-derived polyphenols with anthelmintic activity against intestinal nematodes. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:627-643. [PMID: 28426037 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2001 up to the end of 2016Polyphenols comprise a structurally diverse class of natural products. As the development of new anthelmintic drugs against soil-transmitted helminthiases is an urgent need and polyphenols are widely used in the treatment of nematode infections in traditional medicine and modern science, we summarize the state of knowledge in the period of mainly 2001 up to the end of 2016 on plant extracts with known polyphenolic composition and of defined polyphenols, mainly from the classes of condensed and hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids. The diverse biological activity against different helminths and the underlying mechanisms are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Spiegler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Germany.
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De K, Swarnkar CP, Singh D, Prince LLL. Comparative physiological responses of stress in sheep selected for resistance or susceptibility toHaemonchus contortusin semi-arid tropical region during different seasons. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1234802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Abdalla Filho AL, Dineshkumar D, Barreal M, McManus C, Vasconcelos VR, Abdalla AL, Louvandini H. Performance, metabolic variables and enteric methane production of Santa Inês hair lambs fedOrbignya phalerataandCombretum leprosum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:457-465. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Abdalla Filho
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba Brazil
| | - D. Dineshkumar
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba Brazil
| | - M. Barreal
- Département Milieux, Productions, Ressources et Systèmes; Montpellier SupAgro; Montpellier France
| | - C. McManus
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba Brazil
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; University of Brasilia; Distrito Federal Brazil
| | | | - A. L. Abdalla
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba Brazil
| | - H. Louvandini
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture; University of São Paulo; Piracicaba Brazil
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Quijada J, Chan-Perez I, Dakheel MM, Kommuru DS, Mueller-Harvey I, Terrill TH. Interactions Between Nutrition and Infections With Haemonchus contortus and Related Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:239-351. [PMID: 27238007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between host nutrition and feeding behaviour are central to understanding the pathophysiological consequences of infections of the digestive tract with parasitic nematodes. The manipulation of host nutrition provides useful options to control gastrointestinal nematodes as a component of an integrated strategy. Focussed mainly on the Haemonchus contortus infection model in small ruminants, this chapter (1) illustrates the relationship between quantitative (macro- and micro-nutrients) and qualitative (plant secondary metabolites) aspects of host nutrition and nematode infection, and (2) shows how basic studies aimed at addressing some generic questions can help to provide solutions, despite the considerable diversity of epidemiological situations and breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Chan-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - M M Dakheel
- University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D S Kommuru
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | | | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
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Gregory L, Yoshihara E, Ribeiro BLM, Silva LKF, Marques EC, Meira EBS, Rossi RS, Sampaio PH, Louvandini H, Hasegawa MY. Dried, ground banana plant leaves (Musa spp.) for the control of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections in sheep. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4545-51. [PMID: 26350377 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the anthelmintic effect of Musa spp. leaves, 12 animals were artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus, and another 12 animals were infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Then, both treatment groups were offered 400 g of dried ground banana plant leaves, and the control animals were offered only 1000 g of coast cross hay. During the trials, the animals received weekly physical examinations. The methods used to evaluate the efficiency of this treatment were packed cell volume, total plasma protein and faecal egg counts, and egg hatchability tests were performed on days -2, +3, +6, +9, +13 and +15. Coproculture tests were performed on day -2 to confirm monospecific infections. In the FEC and EHT, a statistically significant difference (0.04, 0.005; p < 0.05) was noted for T. colubriformis. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for Haemochus contortus group in all tests. Our results confirmed previous findings suggesting that dried ground banana plant leaves possess anthelmintic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gregory
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - E Yoshihara
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Departamento de Descentralização do Desenvolvimento, Pólo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico dos Agronegócios da Alta Sorocabana, Rod. Raposo Tavares, km 563, Caixa Postal 298, CEP 19015-970, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - B L M Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L K F Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E C Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E B S Meira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S Rossi
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P H Sampaio
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Louvandini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Y Hasegawa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Sandoval-Castro CA, Mueller-Harvey I, Sotiraki S, Louvandini H, Thamsborg SM, Terrill TH. Tannin containing legumes as a model for nutraceuticals against digestive parasites in livestock. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:5-17. [PMID: 26190131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) still represent a worldwide major pathological threat associated with the outdoor production of various livestock species. Because of the widespread resistance to synthetic chemical anthelmintics, there is a strong impetus to explore novel approaches for a more integrated management of these infections. The use of nutraceuticals in the control of GINs is one of the alternatives which has been widely studied for 20 years. The objectives of this review are: (i) to define and illustrate the concept of 'nutraceutical' in the context of veterinary parasitology based on data obtained on the most studied models to control GINs in small ruminants, the tannin-containing legumes (Fabaceae); (ii) to illustrate how the 'nutraceutical concept' could be expanded to other plants, other livestock production systems and other GI parasitic diseases, and (iii) to explain how this concept is opening up new research fields for better understanding the interactions between the host, the digestive parasites and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France; Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France.
| | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - C A Sandoval-Castro
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - I Mueller-Harvey
- University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading, RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - S Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University,1005 State University Drive Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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Brito DL, Dallago BSL, Louvandini H, dos Santos VRV, Torres SEFDA, Gomes EF, do Amarante AFT, de Melo CB, McManus CM. Effect of alternate and simultaneous grazing on endoparasite infection in sheep and cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:485-94. [PMID: 24473872 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was carried out on 8 ha of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pastures, with rotational grazing consisting of 7 days of occupation and 21 days of rest. Four treatments were evaluated: cattle grazing alone (BOV), sheep grazing alone (OVI), cattle and sheep grazing simultaneously (SIM) and cattle grazing followed by sheep (alternate - ALT). Twenty heifers and 30 male Santa Inês lambs were used. Fecal egg count (FEC) and fecal cultures were carried out. Blood was also collected to examine red and white cell series, total plasma protein (TPP), albumin and hemoglobin. FEC and estimated nematode pathogenicity index in sheep were lower in the SIM treatment. The Haemonchus spp. proportion was higher in isolated grazing systems. For sheep, mixed grazing was shown to reduce endoparasite infection, and SIM was better than ALT. For cattle, no difference between grazing systems was seen. Therefore, simultaneous grazing (sheep and cattle) may be a tool for reducing the need for anthelmintic treatments in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Lima Brito
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, BrasíliaDF, Brasil, Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Bruno Stéfano Lima Dallago
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, BrasíliaDF, Brasil, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, PiracicabaSP, Brasil, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Viviane Rodrigues Verdolin dos Santos
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, BrasíliaDF, Brasil, Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Sonia Emília Figueirêdo de Araújo Torres
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, BrasíliaDF, Brasil, Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Edgard Franco Gomes
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, BrasíliaDF, Brasil, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, BotucatuSP, Brasil, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Cristiano Barros de Melo
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, BrasíliaDF, Brasil, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Concepta Margaret McManus
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto AlegreRS, Brasil, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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17
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Emerson SE, Brown JS. The influence of food chemistry on food-safety tradeoffs in samango monkeys. J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Long-term effects of drenches with condensed tannins from Acacia mearnsii on goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:725-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Jacob AB, Singh P, Verma AK. Effect of feeding deoiled mahua (Bassia latifolia
) seed cake on the growth performance, digestibility and balance of nutrients in cross-bred calves during pre-patent period of Fasciola gigantica
infection. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:299-307. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Jacob
- Division of Animal Nutrition; College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Wayanad India
| | - P. Singh
- Division of Animal Nutrition; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - A. K. Verma
- Division of Animal Nutrition; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
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20
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Naumann HD, Tedeschi LO, Muir JP, Lambert BD, Kothmann MM. Effect of molecular weight of condensed tannins from warm-season perennial legumes on ruminal methane production in vitro. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Pathak AK, Dutta N, Banerjee PS, Pattanaik AK, Sharma K. Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Condensed Tannins through Leaf Meal Mixture on Intake, Nutrient Utilization and Performance of Haemonchus contortus Infected Sheep. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2013; 26:1446-58. [PMID: 25049728 PMCID: PMC4093080 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of leaf meal mixture (LMM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, nutrient utilization and performance of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Eighteen adult sheep of similar age and body weight (25.03±1.52) were included in this study and out of these, 12 sheep were infected with single dose of infective third stage larvae of H. contortus at 2,000 larvae per sheep. The experimental sheep were allocated in three different groups' i.e. negative control (NC; no infection), control (C; H. contortus infected) and treatment (T; H. contortus infected+CT at 1.5% of the DM through LMM) and the experiment was conducted for a period of 90 d. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and digestibility of DM, OM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were comparable among three animal groups. However, digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in NC group as compared to both C and T groups. Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d or % of N intake) was significantly (p = 0.038) lower in C group as compared to T and NC groups. Daily intake (g/kg W(0.75)) of digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible organic matter (DOM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in the three groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control. The level of Hb and PCV reduced (p<0.001) after 30 days of experimental feeding. CT significantly (p<0.001) reduced serum urea in T group as compared to NC and C groups. Serum proteins differed significantly (p<0.01) among the three groups. The activity of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were also statistically non significant (p<0.05) among treatments. The weight of abomasal lymph nodes (ALN) in T group was higher (p<0.05) than in C group. Treatment group had lower (p<0.05) total worms and fecal egg count compared to control group. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT through LMM significantly improved the N retention, and inhibited the different developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus in experimental sheep.
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22
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Haematobiochemical parameters of goats fed tannin rich Psidium guajava and Carissa spinarum against Haemonchus contortus infection in India. J Parasit Dis 2013; 39:41-8. [PMID: 25698858 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The antihelminthic properties of tannin-rich plants are being explored as an alternative to chemical drugs to minimise the effects of gastro intestinal nematodes (GIN). The present study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the effect of condensed tannins (CT), obtained from regional tanniferous tree leaves, in the Haemonchus contortus infected goats on the heamatobiochemical parameters to assess the goat health. Twelve adult male goats were randomly divided into three equal groups, namely negative control, infected control and treatment. H. contortus infected goats were allocated into infected control and treatment groups and their feeds contained 0 and 1.96 % of CT, respectively. Feeding trial was conducted for the duration of 90 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored on fortnightly basis. The animals ingesting the CT-rich leaf meal mixture had increased levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein, globulin, glucose and calcium, and decreased levels of blood urea; indicating a beneficial effect of CT supplementation at the selected level. However, the phosphorus balance, serum albumin levels and serum enzyme activity were not affected significantly. The study revealed that inclusion of CT in the diets of the adult male goats did not pose any threat to the health of the goats. Further, the CT based diet had beneficial impact on the haematological parameters and could therefore be included in small ruminant diets to minimize the impact of GIN.
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Characterization of Oesophagostomum asperum and O. columbianum by internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. J Helminthol 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x12000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of Oesophagostomum asperum and O. columbianum were amplified and sequenced. The ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 rDNA sequences of O. asperum were 374 bp, 153 bp and 259 bp in length, respectively, and the corresponding sequences of O. columbianum were 259, 153 and 218 bp in length, respectively. Sequence differences in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA between the two Oesophagostomum species were 9.5–10.2% and 12.7–13.9%, respectively. Sequence differences in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA among members of the genus Oesophagostomum were 2.5–11.6% and 6.8–22.3%, respectively. Based on genetic markers in the ITS rDNA, an effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach was developed to differentiate O. columbianum from O. asperum with a sensitivity of 0.2 ng/μl DNA. Since accurate characterization of parasites at different taxonomic levels is essential for population genetic studies and control of parasitosis, the present findings have important implications for studying epidemiology, taxonomy and population biology, as well as for the control of oesophagostomiasis.
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Jacob AB, Singh P, Verma A. Growth performance and nutrient utilisation in crossbred calves experimentally infected with F. gigantica and/or supplemented with deoiled mahua (Bassia latifolia) seed cake. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Effect of exogenous insulin and fasting on growth hormone receptor and IGF-I expression in the pre-ovulatory follicle of ewes. Animal 2012; 5:1420-5. [PMID: 22440288 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fasting and exogenous insulin administration on the expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and IGF-I mRNA in the pre-ovulatory follicle of ewes. Fifteen ewes received an intravaginal progesterone releasing device that was removed 6 days later (day of removal = day 0). On day -2, the ewes were divided into three groups: (i) fasting group (n = 5) that was fasted from day -2 to day 2; (ii) control group (n = 5) that received a maintenance diet; and (iii) insulin group (n = 5) that received insulin injections (0.25 IU/kg) every 12 h from day -2 to day 2 under the same diet as the control group. Follicular samples were obtained on day 2. Fasting increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids concentrations from day -1 to day 2 (P < 0.001). There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the number of follicles, although there was a tendency for an increase in the pre-ovulatory follicle diameter for the insulin group in comparison to the control group (P = 0.12). Thecal GHR mRNA expression was very low and was considered insignificant. Moreover, granulosa cells GHR mRNA expression increased (P < 0.05) in the insulin group. Expression of IGF-I mRNA was not different among groups in both tissues. In conclusion, insulin administration increases GHR mRNA but not IGF-I mRNA expression in granulosa cells of the pre-ovulatory follicle. However, fasting did not change the pattern of GHR/IGF-I mRNA expression in the pre-ovulatory follicle.
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Galicia-Aguilar H, Rodríguez-González L, Capetillo-Leal C, Cámara-Sarmiento R, Aguilar-Caballero A, Sandoval-Castro C, Torres-Acosta J. Effects of Havardia albicans supplementation on feed consumption and dry matter digestibility of sheep and the biology of Haemonchus contortus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Roy B, Dasgupta S, Giri BR. Electron microscopic observations on the alterations of tegumental surface of Raillietina echinobothrida treated with root-peel extract of Potentilla fulgens. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1000-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Nutritional manipulation of sheep and goats for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes under hot humid and subhumid tropical conditions. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Effects of dietary tannic acid and vaccination on the course of coccidiosis in experimentally challenged broiler chicken. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187:119-22. [PMID: 22277628 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to assess the influence of tannic acid (TA) on integrity of the intestine in broiler chicks vaccinated against coccidiosis and challenged with the disease. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, the trial had five groups of 10 chickens each, including positive (group 2) and negative (group 1) controls. The chickens were kept on wood shavings and fed a commercial maize and soybean-based starter-grower diet. From day 1, groups 3 and 5 received TA (10 g kg(-1)) in their diet. On day 4, birds of groups 4 and 5 were vaccinated orally against coccidiosis with anti-coccidial vaccine, Livacox T™. Each dose of the vaccine contained 300-500 sporulated oocysts of each of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. On day 18, all experimental groups except for the negative (group 1) were challenged with 10-fold dose of Livacox T™ to produce a mild coccidiosis infection. Faecal samples of individual birds were collected on day 23, and the number of faecal oocysts was determined. d-Xylose absorption test was also carried out on all birds on day 23. Immediately after d-xylose absorption test, all birds were killed humanely and the intestinal tract was removed, weighed and examined for gross lesions. Results showed that negative (group 1) and positive controls (group 2) had the highest and lowest levels of plasma d-xylose post-ingestion of the substrate, respectively. Vaccination and/or feeding TA raised the level of plasma d-xylose in infected birds, although this was not significant for TA-fed birds. Vaccination reduced but TA increased the total number of oocysts per gram of faeces. Birds of groups 2-5 had distinct intestinal lesions when compared with group 1. However, vaccination prevented intestinal lesions. Relative weights of intestinal parts were the lowest in group 1 and the highest in group 2. Vaccination but not TA reduced the relative weights of intestinal parts in infected birds. It was concluded that dietary tannins may reduce the efficacy of anticoccidial vaccines and alter the proper development of immunity against the disease.
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Torres-Acosta JFJ, Molento M, Mendoza de Gives P. Research and implementation of novel approaches for the control of nematode parasites in Latin America and the Caribbean: is there sufficient incentive for a greater extension effort? Vet Parasitol 2011; 186:132-42. [PMID: 22169402 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of anthelmintic resistant gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in outdoor ruminant production systems has driven the need to identify and develop novel approaches for the control of helminths with the intention to reduce the dependence on commercial anthelmintic drugs. This paper identifies what has been done in Latin America (LA) in terms of estimating the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in ruminant production systems and the application of different novel approaches for the control of helminths in those systems, including research and extension activities. Firstly, the paucity of knowledge of AR is discussed in the context of different countries, as well as, the available economic resources for research, the technical infrastructure available and the practical difficulties of the production systems. It is then proposed that the search for novel approaches is not only driven by AR but also by the need for techniques that are feasible for application by resource-poor farmers in non-commercial subsistence farming systems. However, the commercial benefits of these approaches are often limited and so are funding inputs in most countries. The workers participating in the research into different novel approaches are identified as well as the different methods being studied in the different areas of LA according to their published results. In addition, the difficulties experienced during extension efforts to reach farmers and help them to adopt novel approaches for the control of parasitic nematodes in LA are discussed. The role of regulatory authorities in these countries is discussed as some methods of control might need an official confirmation of their efficacy as well as authorization prior to application as they may affect animal products (i.e. residues) and/or impose a hazard for animal welfare. The role of the pharmaceutical companies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F J Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, CCBA, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Salem A, Olivares M, Lopez S, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Rojo R, Camacho L, Cerrillo S, Mejia H. Effect of natural extracts of Salix babylonica and Leucaena leucocephala on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mapiye C, Chimonyo M, Marufu M, Dzama K. Utility of Acacia karroo for beef production in Southern African smallholder farming systems: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Studies on monieziasis of sheep I. Prevalence and antihelminthic effects of some plant extracts, a light and electron microscopic study. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:177-86. [PMID: 20865430 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Out of 2,343 examined sheep throughout the whole year, 271 were found to be infected with tapeworms (11.5%). The highest infection rate (22.1%) was recorded in autumn, while the lowest (6%) occurred in summer. Six species of cestodes were identified according to their prevalence: Moniezia expansa (74%), Moniezia denticulata (8.5%), Moniezia benedeni (4.8%), Moniezia trigonophora (2.7%), and Thysaniezia giardi (2.7%), T. giardi was recorded in Egypt for the first time. M. expansa was found throughout the year with two peaks in January (92.3%) and June (88.5%). SEM examination revealed that M. expansa scolex has four triangular suckers guarded by an X-shaped fibrous band that makes them open permanently. Also, there is a Y-shaped apical part at the scolex center which may be an embryonically non-developed rostellum. The whole worm body surface is covered with unidirectional microtriches. TEM showed that the tegument is underlaid by a thick fibrous interstitial layer below which an outer circular and an inner longitudinal muscular layer are arranged. Beneath these structures the subtegumental cells are found which have spherical electron-dense inclusions and various other cell organelles. Moreover, M. expansa has interproglottidal glands which contain secretory vesicles and secretions. For biological control of this parasite, different concentrations of crude plant extract of Artemisia cina were used in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the results indicated that the plant extract is efficacious at all concentrations tested. Electron microscopic examination showed that many structures of the treated worms were affected. The most affected sites were the scolex and the microtriches of the outer tegumental surface. In vivo, treatment of heavily infected animals showed an antihelminthic effect, since the complete absence of eggs was recorded 9 days after treatment when fecal investigations were done.
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Martínez-Ortíz-de-Montellano C, Vargas-Magaña JJ, Canul-Ku HL, Miranda-Soberanis R, Capetillo-Leal C, Sandoval-Castro CA, Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ. Effect of a tropical tannin-rich plant Lysiloma latisiliquum on adult populations of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2010; 172:283-90. [PMID: 20605336 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive plants with anthelmintic (AH) properties represent a promising alternative solution to chemical treatments. The AH effect of several Mexican tannin-rich (TR) plants has been screened in vitro. The in vivo AH effect of one TR legume, Lysiloma latisiliquum (Tzalam) on nematode larval establishment was confirmed. The present trial aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effects of L. latisiliquum fodder consumption on adult Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-two parasite-naïve hair sheep lambs were allocated to an infected group (I) (400H. contortus L(3)/kg BW on D0) and a non-infected group (NI). From D0 to D28 post infection (PI), all the lambs were fed a complete diet. On D28, the two groups were sub-divided into four groups. Two control (C) groups maintained on the original basal diet (CI: 6 infected lambs and CNI: 5 non-infected lambs). The two treatment groups (T) received L. latisiliquum fodder ad libitum up to D36 when lambs were humanely slaughtered (TI: 6 infected lambs and TNI: 5 non-infected lambs). From D28 to D36 PI, individual fodder consumption and nematode egg excretion were measured daily. At necropsy, abomasal contents were recovered to obtain worm burdens and measure the female worm length and fecundity. Histological samples were taken from the respective abomasums and small intestines to count mucosal inflammatory cells. An increased consumption of TR fodder was observed in the TI vs. the TNI group (P<0.01). Before L. latisiliquum distribution, faecal egg excretion was similar in TI and CI groups. From D29 PI the TI group showed lower faecal egg counts compared to CI group (P<0.02). Although no differences in worm burdens were observed, worms of the TI group were smaller and, according to their size, contained fewer eggs in utero than worms from the CI group (P<0.05). Only minor differences in mucosal inflammatory cells were observed between groups, indicating that the indirect effect was not evident. Thus, a short-term consumption of L. latisiliquum can modulate directly the biology of adult H. contortus affecting the worm size and female fecundity while the worm burdens were not affected. Infected animals ate more L. latisiliquum fodder than non-infected animals.
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Dasgupta S, Roy B, Tandon V. Ultrastructural alterations of the tegument of Raillietina echinobothrida treated with the stem bark of Acacia oxyphylla (Leguminosae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:568-571. [PMID: 19854257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem bark of Acacia oxyphylla Graham ex Bentham is used as an anthelmintic by the natives of Mizoram (North-East India). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to evaluate whether or not the plant-derived components caused any ultrastructural changes in the tegumental interface of the parasite. MATERIALS AND METHODS The test parasite Raillietina echinobothrida, the cestode of domestic fowl, was exposed to the ethanolic crude extract and acetone fraction of stem bark of Acacia oxyphylla for varying concentrations and time duration and processed for transmission electron microscopy as soon as paralysis set in the treated parasites. RESULTS Treatment with crude alcoholic extract and its acetone fraction revealed complete inactivation and flaccid paralysis of the cestode, which was soon followed by death. The treated parasites also exhibited intense vacuolization of the tegumental layers along with complete disorganization and/or erosion of microtriches. CONCLUSIONS Considerable structural alterations in the treated parasites are suggestive of an efficient vermicidal activity of the Acacia oxyphylla stem bark-derived botanicals against cestodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dasgupta
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Permanent Campus, Mawlai, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
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Max RA. Effect of repeated wattle tannin drenches on worm burdens, faecal egg counts and egg hatchability during naturally acquired nematode infections in sheep and goats. Vet Parasitol 2009; 169:138-43. [PMID: 20083356 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of repeated wattle tannin (WT) drenches on faecal egg counts (FEC), worm burdens and egg hatchability during a naturally acquired worm infection in sheep and goats. For the in vivo experiment, nematode-infected sheep and goats were orally drenched with WT at a dose of 1.3g and 1.6gWT/kg bodyweight per day for three consecutive days respectively while a control group received a placebo. FEC and other worm infection parameters were monitored regularly. Once a surge in faecal egg profiles was evident the drenching exercise was repeated as explained above. The trials were terminated by humane slaughter of all the animals and estimation of worm burdens recovered from their guts. WT drench did not, significantly, reduce FEC or total worm burdens in goats. However, there was a slight reduction in FEC and a significant reduction in Haemonchus contortus worm burdens in sheep. WT drenches were also associated with increased faecal water and mucus contents. The in vitro work involved the use of an egg hatch assay using faeces from WT-drenched and un-drenched goats. A dose-response experiment whereby goat faeces were spiked with different levels of WT and then cultured for larval count comparisons was also carried out. The presence of WT in culture media significantly (P<0.05) reduced egg hatchability. There was a significant negative regression coefficient (R(2)=0.84; P<0.01) between concentration of WT in culture media and percent hatchability of nematode eggs. It is concluded that although the degree of anthelmintic activity of WT drench was limited, especially in goats, the drench was capable of reducing the hatchability of eggs passed out in faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Max
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
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McManus C, Louvandini H, Paiva SR, de Oliveira AA, Azevedo HC, de Melo CB. Genetic factors of sheep affecting gastrointestinal parasite infections in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2009; 166:308-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Exploring the anthelmintic properties of Australian native shrubs with respect to their potential role in livestock grazing systems. Parasitology 2009; 136:1065-80. [PMID: 19523255 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182009006386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We measured in vitro anthelmintic activity in extracts from 85 species of Australian native shrub, with a view to identifying species able to provide a degree of worm control in grazing systems. Approximately 40% of the species showed significant activity in inhibiting development of Haemonchus contortus larvae. The most active extracts showed IC50 values of 60-300 microg/ml. Pre-incubation with polyvinylpolypyrrolidine removed the activity from some extracts, implicating tannins as the bioactive agent, while in other cases the pre-incubation had no effect, indicating the presence of other anthelmintic compounds. Plant reproductive maturity (onset of flowering or fruiting) was associated with increasing anthelmintic activity in some species. Variability was observed between plants of the same species growing in different environments, while variation between individual plants of the same species within a single field suggests the existence of distinct chemotypes. Significant activity against adult H. contortus worms in vitro was also demonstrated in a limited number of extracts tested against this life stage. Our study indicates that there is potential for Australian native shrubs to play an anthelmintic role in grazing systems, and highlights some plant biology factors which will need to be considered in order to maximize any anthelmintic effects.
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Xhomfulana V, Mapiye C, Chimonyo M, Marufu MC. Supplements containing Acacia karroo foliage reduce nematode burdens in Nguni and crossbred cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/an09028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare nematode worm burdens in Nguni and crossbred cattle supplemented with Acacia karroo leaf meal. Eighteen Nguni (274.4 ± 17.34 kg) and 12 crossbred (230.5 ± 14.62 kg) steers aged 19 months were allocated to three dietary treatments: A. karroo leaf meal, sunflower cake and control with no supplement. Steers in all the treatments grazed on natural pasture whereas those on A. karroo leaf meal and sunflower cake diets were given an additional 1.5 kg and 650 g of feed, respectively, to supply 150 g of protein per day for 60 days. Faecal samples collected from the steers’ recta every fortnight were examined for nematode egg types using the modified McMaster technique. At slaughter, the abomasa and intestines were collected, opened and washed for worm identification. Nguni steers supplemented with the A. karroo leaf meal diet had the lowest mean strongyles egg counts and mean total egg counts (P < 0.05). Steers that received the A. karroo leaf meal and sunflower cake diets had lower Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum colombianum worm burdens than those that received the control diet (P < 0.05). Mean strongyles and Strongyloides egg counts, and H. contortus and Oes. colombianum worm counts were negatively correlated with average daily gain and body condition scores (P < 0.05). Generally, Nguni cattle supplemented with A. karroo leaf meal had the lowest egg loads and worm burdens. It was concluded that supplementing cattle with A. karroo could reduce nematode burdens.
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Minho A, Bueno I, Louvandini H, Jackson F, Gennari S, Abdalla A. Effect of Acacia molissima tannin extract on the control of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Brunet S, de Montellano CMO, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Sandoval-Castro CA, Aguilar-Caballero AJ, Capetillo-Leal C, Hoste H. Effect of the consumption of Lysiloma latisiliquum on the larval establishment of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Vet Parasitol 2008; 157:81-8. [PMID: 18771854 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of tannin-rich (TR) forages has been associated with negative effects against gastrointestinal nematodes and with an improved host resilience. It has been hypothesized that tannins affect the capacity of infective larvae to establish in the mucosae of the host. In this study, we aimed at testing this hypothesis using Lysiloma latisiliquum, a tropical TR tree. The objectives were: (i) to evaluate the effect of the consumption of L. latisiliquum on the establishment of nematode third-stage larvae (L3) in goats; (ii) to define the role of tannins in these effects in vivo by using an inhibitor (polyethylene glycol, PEG); and (iii) to examine a possible indirect effect of tannins on the inflammatory response in the digestive mucosa. Eighteen Criollo goats composed three experimental groups. The control group received fresh leaves of Brosimum alicastrum, a plant with a low level of tannins. Two groups received L. latisiliquum leaves either with (L.L.+PEG) or without (L.L.) daily addition of 25 g PEG. After a 7-day adaptation period, each goat was infected with both Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (3000 L3 per species). The goats were slaughtered 5 days after infection and worm counts and histological analyses were performed. No difference in the voluntary feed intake of foliage was observed between the 3 groups. The consumption of L. latisiliquum significantly reduced the larval establishment of both nematode species compared to the control (P<0.01). For both worm species, the effects were totally alleviated with PEG (L.L.+PEG group), suggesting a major role of tannins in the observed effects. Only minor differences in the mucosal cellular response were observed between the 3 groups. These results confirm that the consumption of TR plants reduces the establishment of nematode larvae in the host and that a direct effect is principally involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brunet
- INRA, UMR 1225, F-31076 Toulouse, France.
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