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Lee J, Braden M, Armien Medianero AG, Uzal FA, Li G, Paulsen DB, Carossino M. Fatal gastric amebiasis in a Linnaeus's two-toed sloth associated with Naegleria australiensis infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241268315. [PMID: 39165089 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241268315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a case of fatal amebic gastritis associated with Naegleria australiensis infection in an 11-mo-old Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus). The sloth had a history of weight loss and intermittent diarrhea for 18 d, and subsequently died despite empirical treatment. Postmortem findings included emaciation, gastric dilation with fluid content, and fibrinonecrotic gastritis with intralesional amebic trophozoites and cysts in the glandular region of the fundus. Transmission electron microscopy ruled out Amoebozoa of the family Entamoebidae based on the presence of mitochondria in the amoeboid organisms. PCR for pan-free-living amebae followed by next-generation sequencing of the PCR product revealed 99% identity with Naegleria australiensis. Gastric amebiasis has been reported sporadically in macropods and in leaf-eating monkeys with a sacculated stomach. To our knowledge, gastric amebiasis has not been reported previously in a sloth, which also has a sacculated and multi-chambered stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongha Lee
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory & Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, USA
| | | | - Anibal Guillermo Armien Medianero
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniel B Paulsen
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory & Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory & Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, USA
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Cardoso IR, de Lima CS, dos Reis RB, Pinto ACA, Pissinatti T, Kugelmeier T, Neto SFDC, da Silva FA, Santos HLC. Occurrence of Free-Living Amoebae in Non-Human Primate Gut. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:108. [PMID: 38787041 PMCID: PMC11125615 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9050108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome reflects health and predicts possible disease in hosts. A holistic view of this community is needed, focusing on identifying species and dissecting how species interact with their host and each other, regardless of whether their presence is beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental. The distribution of gut-associated eukaryotes within and across non-human primates is likely driven by host behavior and ecology. To ascertain the existence of free-living amoebae (FLA) in the gut of wild and captive non-human primates, 101 stool samples were collected and submitted to culture-dependent microscopy examination and DNA sequencing. Free-living amoebae were detected in 45.4% (46/101) of fecal samples analyzed, and their morphological characteristics matched those of Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba spp., heterolobosean amoeboflagellates and fan-shaped amoebae of the family Vannellidae. Sequence analysis of the PCR products revealed that the suspected amoebae are highly homologous (99% identity and 100% query coverage) with Acanthamoeba T4 genotype and Vermamoeba vermiformis amoebae. The results showed a great diversity of amoebae in the non-human primate's microbiome, which may pose a potential risk to the health of NHPs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of free-living amoebae in non-human primates that are naturally infected. However, it is unknown whether gut-borne amoebae exploit a viable ecological niche or are simply transient residents in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rodrigues Cardoso
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.R.C.); (C.S.d.L.); (R.B.d.R.)
| | - Clezia Siqueira de Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.R.C.); (C.S.d.L.); (R.B.d.R.)
- Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Rhagner Bonono dos Reis
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.R.C.); (C.S.d.L.); (R.B.d.R.)
| | - Ana Cristina Araujo Pinto
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, Brazil; (A.C.A.P.); (T.P.); (T.K.); (F.A.d.S.)
| | - Thalita Pissinatti
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, Brazil; (A.C.A.P.); (T.P.); (T.K.); (F.A.d.S.)
| | - Tatiana Kugelmeier
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, Brazil; (A.C.A.P.); (T.P.); (T.K.); (F.A.d.S.)
| | | | - Fabio Alves da Silva
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, Brazil; (A.C.A.P.); (T.P.); (T.K.); (F.A.d.S.)
| | - Helena Lúcia Carneiro Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.R.C.); (C.S.d.L.); (R.B.d.R.)
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Deserti MI, Lorenzo-Morales J, Acuña FH. Hydra-Amoeba system: a double infection with a lethal ending. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211025. [PMID: 37162082 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Within each ecosystem, organisms and populations maintain a complex set of relationships. These interactions can determine the distribution area of a species and play an essential role in its evolution. Parasites are ubiquitous components of nature and have a high influence on various aspects of the biology and ecology of organisms, affecting the populations of their hosts and, therefore, their communities and ecosystems. Free-living amoebae are unicellular organisms that can be found in water, soil or air. Some species are of great importance in human health. In Hydra, there are several reports of Hydramoeba hydroxena infections. In this work we present a double parasitosis: two concatenated infectious periods in the host polyp of Hydra vulgaris and Hydra vulgaris pedunculata for three freshwater bodies in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Hydramoeba sp. and Acanthoamoeba sp. unchain a series of anatomical lesions that in all cases cause the death of the polyps due to total disintegration. This finding becomes important at a sanitary level due to the appearance of Acanthoamoeba sp. in waters associated with human recreational activities; For the Hydra genus, the importance lies at an ecological and evolutionary level, considering the possible impact on its natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Deserti
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, 2° Piso, Mar del Plata, 7600 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Universidad de La Laguna, University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n, Campus de Anchieta, Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11 Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabián H Acuña
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, 2° Piso, Mar del Plata, 7600 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Científica Coiba (Coiba-AIP), Calle Gustavo Lara, Edificio 145B, 7144 Clayton, Panamá
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Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of free-living amoeba (Naegleria and Acanthamoeba) from treated and untreated drinking water. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Renwick S, Ganobis CM, Elder RA, Gianetto-Hill C, Higgins G, Robinson AV, Vancuren SJ, Wilde J, Allen-Vercoe E. Culturing Human Gut Microbiomes in the Laboratory. Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 75:49-69. [PMID: 34038159 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-031021-084116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex community of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes and viral particles that is increasingly associated with many aspects of host physiology and health. However, the classical microbiology approach of axenic culture cannot provide a complete picture of the complex interactions between microbes and their hosts in vivo. As such, recently there has been much interest in the culture of gut microbial ecosystems in the laboratory as a strategy to better understand their compositions and functions. In this review, we discuss the model platforms and methods available in the contemporary microbiology laboratory to study human gut microbiomes, as well as current knowledge surrounding the isolation of human gut microbes for the potential construction of defined communities for use in model systems. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Renwick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
| | - Caroline M Ganobis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
| | - Riley A Elder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
| | - Connor Gianetto-Hill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
| | - Gregory Higgins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
| | - Avery V Robinson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
| | - Sarah J Vancuren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
| | - Jacob Wilde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; , , , , , , , ,
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Siddiqui R, Makhlouf Z, Khan NA. The Increasing Importance of Vermamoeba vermiformis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 68:e12857. [PMID: 33987951 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vermamoeba vermiformis are one of the most prevalent free-living amoebae. These amoebae are ubiquitous and also thermotolerant. Of concern, V. vermiformis have been found in hospital water networks. Furthermore, associations between V. vermiformis and pathogenic bacteria have been reported, such as Legionella pneumophila. Moreover, V. vermiformis are well known to host viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms and cases of keratitis due to V. vermiformis in conjunction with other amoebae have been reported. Despite the preceding, the medical importance of V. vermiformis is still an ongoing discussion and its genome has been only recently sequenced. Herein, we present a review of the current understanding of the biology and pathogenesis pertaining to V. vermiformis, as well as its' role as an etiological agent and trojan horse. An approach known as theranostics which combines both diagnosis and therapy could be utilized to eradicate and diagnose keratitis cases caused by such amoebae. Given the rise in global warming, it is imperative to investigate these rarely studied amoebae and to understand their importance in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Zinb Makhlouf
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Eskildsen M, Hedemann MS, Theil PK, Nørgaard JV. Impact of substituting compound feed with increasing levels of fresh grass-clover on nitrogen metabolism and plasma metabolites of sows. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Unprecedented Symbiont Eukaryote Diversity Is Governed by Internal Trophic Webs in a Wild Non-Human Primate. Protist 2018; 169:307-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Milanez GD, Masangkay FR, Thomas RC, Ordona MOGO, Bernales GQ, Corpuz VCM, Fortes HSV, Garcia CMS, Nicolas LC, Nissapatorn V. Molecular identification of Vermamoeba vermiformis from freshwater fish in lake Taal, Philippines. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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