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Wang P, Liu Q, Wang X, Sun T, Liu B, Wang B, Li H, Wang C, Sun W, Pan B. Point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene conferring pyrethroid resistance in China populations of the Dermanyssus gallinae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38828899 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite (PRM), is a worldwide ectoparasite posing significant economic challenges in poultry farming. The extensive use of pyrethroids for PRM control has led to the emergence of pyrethroid resistance. The objective of this study is to detect the pyrethroid resistance and explore its associated point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene among PRM populations in China. RESULTS Several populations of D. gallinae, namely CJF-1, CJP-2, CJP-3, CSD-4 and CLD-5, displayed varying degrees of resistance to beta-cypermethrin compared to a susceptible field population (CBP-5). Mutations of VGSC gene in populations of PRMs associated with pyrethroid resistance were identified through sequencing its fragments IIS4-IIS5 and IIIS6. The mutations I917V, M918T/L, A924G and L925V were present in multiple populations, while no mutations were found at positions T929, I936, F1534 and F1538. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed the presence of extremely high levels of pyrethroid resistance in PRM populations in China, and for the first time detected four pyrethroid resistance mutations in the VGSC gene. Identifying pyrethroid resistance in the field population of PRM in China can be achieved through screening for VGSC gene mutations as an early detection method. Our findings underscore the importance of implementing chemical PRM control strategies based on resistance evidence, while also considering the management of acaricide resistance in the control of PRMs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancong Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Boxing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xu K, Qin J, Wang D, Xu L, Wang C. Identification and biochemical characterization of a carboxylesterase gene associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in Dermanyssus gallinae. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103612. [PMID: 38492248 PMCID: PMC10959707 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae is a major hematophagous ectoparasite in layer hens. Although the acaricide β-cypermethrin has been used to control mites worldwide, D. gallinae has developed resistance to this compound. Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are important detoxification enzymes that confer resistance to β-cypermethrin in arthropods. However, CarEs associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in D. gallinae have not yet been functionally characterized. Here, we isolated a CarE gene (Deg-CarE) from D. gallinae and assayed its activity. The results revealed significantly higher expression of Deg-CarE in the β-cypermethrin-resistant strain (RS) than in the susceptible strain (SS) toward α-naphthyl acetate (α-NA) and β-naphthyl acetate (β-NA). These findings suggest that enhanced esterase activities might have contributed to β-cypermethrin resistance in D. gallinae. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Deg-CarE expression levels were significantly higher in adults than in other life stages. Although Deg-CarE was upregulated in the RS, significant differences in gene copy numbers were not observed. Additionally, Deg-CarE expression was significantly induced by β-cypermethrin in both the SS and RS. Moreover, silencing Deg-CarE via RNA interference decreased the enzyme activity and increased the susceptibility of the RS to β-cypermethrin, confirming that Deg-CarE is crucial for β-cypermethrin detoxification. Finally, recombinant Deg-CarE (rDeg-CarE) expressed in Escherichia coli displayed high enzymatic activity toward α/β-NA. However, metabolic analysis indicated that rDeg-CarE did not directly metabolize β-cypermethrin. The collective findings indicate that D. gallinae resistance to β-cypermethrin is associated with elevated CarEs protein activity and increased Deg-CarE expression levels. These findings provide insights into the metabolic resistance of D. gallinae and offer scientific guidance for the management and control of D. gallinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Baoding Livestock Husbandry workstation, Baoding 071023, Hebei, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
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Wang P, Li H, Meng J, Liu Q, Wang X, Wang B, Liu B, Wang C, Sun W, Pan B. Activation of CncC pathway by ROS burst regulates ABC transporter responsible for beta-cypermethrin resistance in Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari:Dermanyssidae). Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110121. [PMID: 38286058 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The drug resistance of poultry red mites to chemical acaricides is a global issue in the control of the mites, which presents an ongoing threat to the poultry industry. Though the increased production of detoxification enzymes has been frequently implicated in resistance development, the overexpression mechanism of acaricide-resistant related genes in mites remains unclear. In the present study, it was observed that the transcription factor Cap 'n' Collar isoform-C (CncC) and its partner small muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (Maf) were highly expressed in resistant strains compared to sensitive strains under the stress of beta-cypermethrin. When the CncC/Maf pathway genes were down-regulated by RNA interference (RNAi), the expression of the ABC transporter genes was down-regulated, leading to a significant increase in the sensitivity of resistant strains to beta-cypermethrin, suggesting that CncC/Maf played a crucial role in mediating the resistance of D.gallinae to beta-cypermethrin by regulating ABC transporters. Furthermore, it was observed that the content of H2O2 and the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were significantly higher in resistant strains after beta-cypermethrin stress, indicating that beta-cypermethrin activates reactive oxygen species (ROS). In ROS scavenger assays, it was found that the expression of CncC/Maf significantly decreased, along with a decrease in the ABC transporter genes. The present study showed that beta-cypermethrin seemed to trigger the outbreak of ROS, subsequently activated the CncC/Maf pathway, as a result induced the ABC transporter-mediated resistance to the drug, shedding more light on the resistance mechanisms of D.gallinae to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiali Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Boxing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Baoliang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Schiavone A, Price DRG, Pugliese N, Burgess STG, Siddique I, Circella E, Nisbet AJ, Camarda A. Profiling of Dermanyssus gallinae genes involved in acaricide resistance. Vet Parasitol 2023; 319:109957. [PMID: 37207568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is a major threat for the poultry industry worldwide. Chemical compounds have been extensively used for PRM control, leading to selection of resistant mites. Molecular mechanisms of resistance have been investigated in arthropods, showing the role of target-site insensitivity and enhanced detoxification. Few studies are available about those mechanisms in D. gallinae, and none have yet focused on the expression levels of detoxification enzymes and other defense-related genes through RNA-seq. We tested PRM populations from Italy for their susceptibility to the acaricidal compounds phoxim and cypermethrin. Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) and in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were investigated, detecting mutations known to be associated with acaricide/insecticide resistance in arthropods, including M827I and M918L/T in the vgsc and G119S in the AChE. RNA-seq analysis was performed to characterize metabolic resistance in fully susceptible PRM and in cypermethrin-resistant PRM exposed and unexposed to cypermethrin as well as phoxim resistant PRM exposed and unexposed to phoxim. Detoxification enzymes (including P450 monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferases), ABC transporters and cuticular proteins were constitutively overexpressed in phoxim and cypermethrin resistant mites. In addition, heat shock proteins were found constitutively and inductively upregulated in phoxim resistant mites, while in cypermethrin resistant mites esterases and an aryl hydrocarbon receptor were constitutively highly expressed. The findings suggest that acaricide resistance in D. gallinae is due to both target-site insensitivity and overexpression of detoxification enzymes and other xenobiotic defense-related genes, which is mostly constitutive and not induced by treatment. Understanding the molecular basis of resistance could be useful to screen or test PRM populations in order to select targeted acaricides and to avoid the abuse/misuse of the few available compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy.
| | - Daniel R G Price
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Stewart T G Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ifra Siddique
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Elena Circella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
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6
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Jian Y, Yuan H, Li D, Guo Q, Li X, Zhang S, Ning C, Zhang L, Jian F. Evaluation of the in vitro acaricidal activity of Chinese herbal compounds on the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:996422. [PMID: 36238438 PMCID: PMC9551093 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.996422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is an economically important pest in poultry farms worldwide, but an effective treatment option is lacking. The current study determined the effectiveness of six Chinese herbal medicines [Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Hibiscus syriacus (Hibiscus), Illicium verum (star anise), Leonurus artemisia (motherwort), Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon), and Taraxacum sp. (dandelion)] against D. gallinae. Alcohol extracts were prepared via the solvent extraction method and the phenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents were determined. These active components were highest in S. aromaticum and lowest in H. syriacus, I. verum. No tannin content was detected in L. artemisia. All extracts showed contact toxicity against D. gallinae at a test concentration of 1 g/mL, with S. aromaticum and L. artemisia resulting in 100% mortality. S. aromaticum, L. artemisia, and I. verum showed the best efficacy (LC50 0.159, 0.200, and 0.292 g/mL, respectively). Different combinations of extracts showed an additive effect of I. verum LC90 + L. artemisia LC90. The acaricidal efficacy of this combination was tested against different developmental stages of D. gallinae, being most efficacious against nymphal and larval D. gallinae, with a corrected mortality rate of 100%. However, inhibition of egg hatching was only 53.69%. Taken together, these results highlight I. verum LC90 + L. artemisia LC90 as a promising compound with severe contact toxicity against D. gallinae. Given the wide cultivation of these species and their extensive use in foodstuffs and cosmetics as flavors and fragrances, they could be a cheap, readily available ecofriendly alternative to pesticides currently used in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Jian
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Yuan
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Hennan Hemu Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changshen Ning
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Jian ;
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7
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Li M, Li RR, Zhao CJ, Lei T, Wang GB, Hu YH. Transcriptome analysis of Mythimna separata: De novo assembly and detection of genes related to beta-cypermethrin resistance. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21921. [PMID: 35635368 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) is a devastating pest of cereal crops mainly in Asia and Oceania and recently become resistant to beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP). However, molecular biological studies of its response to beta-CP are scarce, and related genomic information is not available. In this study, we sequenced and de novo assembled the transcriptome of beta-CP susceptible M. separata (MsS-whole, abbr. MsS-W). A total of 30,486 unigenes were obtained, with an N50 length of 506 bp. A number of 21,051 unigenes were matched to public databases, of which 10,107 were classified into 59 gene ontology subcategories, 5792 were assigned into 25 clusters of orthologous groups of proteins subgroups and 12,123 were assigned to 257 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. A total of 729 simple sequence repeats were detected. In addition, a total of 323 cytochrome P450-associated sequences from nine lepidopterous species, of which 130 were from M. separata, were analyzed using the maximum likelihood method and Bayesian inference. Among the 130 cytochrome P450-associated sequences from M. separata, 60 were dropped into CYP3 clan, which is associated with metabolizing xenobiotics and plant natural compounds. Furthermore, the beta-CP susceptible (MsS-2) and resistant (MsR-2) M. separata population transcriptomes were sequenced. Certain critical genes involved in beta-CP detoxification were detected and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Collectively, our results provided a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanism of insecticide resistance in M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen-Jing Zhao
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Guo-Bin Wang
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Hua Hu
- Institute of Entomology, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Koç N, İnak E, Nalbantoğlu S, Alpkent YN, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in Dermanyssus gallinae populations from Turkey. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 180:104985. [PMID: 34955178 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is the most important blood sucking ectoparasite of egg laying hens and causes economic losses in poultry farms worldwide. Although various management methods exist, the control of poultry red mites (PRMs) mainly relies on acaricides such as pyrethroids and organophosphates (OPs) in many regions of the world. However, repeated use of these synthetic chemicals has resulted in resistance development causing control failure of PRM. In this study, we investigated acaricide resistance mechanisms of Turkish PRM populations. First, we obtained the COI sequence from 30 PRM populations from different regions in Turkey and identified four different COI haplotypes. Toxicity assays showed that four field-collected PRM populations were highly resistant to the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin, with resistance ratios (RRs) varying between 100- and 400-fold, while two of these populations had a RR of more than 24-fold against the OP acaricide phoxim. Biochemical assays showed a relatively higher activity of glutathione-S-transferases and carboxyl-cholinesterases, two well-known classes of detoxification enzymes, in one of these resistant populations. In addition, we also screened for mutations in the gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) and acetylcholinesterase 1 (ace-1), the target-site of pyrethroids and OPs, respectively. In all but two PRM populations, at least one vgsc mutation was detected. A total of four target-site mutations, previously associated with pyrethroid resistance, M918T, T929I, F1534L, F1538L were found in domain II and III of the VGSC. The T929I mutation was present in the vgsc of almost all PRM populations, while the other mutations were only found at low frequency. The G119S/A mutation in ace-1, previously associated with OP resistance, was found in PRM for the first time and present in fourteen populations. Last, both alive and dead PRMs were genotyped after pesticide exposure and supported the possible role of target-site mutations, T929I and G119S, in alpha-cypermethrin and phoxim resistance, respectively. To conclude, our study provides a current overview of resistance levels and resistance mutations in Turkish PRM populations and might aid in the design of an effective resistance management program of PRM in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiye Koç
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre İnak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Diskapi 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Nalbantoğlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasin Nazım Alpkent
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Yenimahalle 06172, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 8920 Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Pares RB, Alves DS, Alves LFA, Godinho CC, Gobbo Neto L, Ferreira TT, Nascimento MM, Ascari J, Oliveira DF. Acaricidal Activity of Annonaceae Plants for Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae) and Metabolomic Profile by HPLC-MS/MS. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:662-672. [PMID: 34184236 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) is the most important haematophagous ectoparasite in the poultry industry. The use of synthetic acaricides for this control is presenting risks related to human food. In this sense, plant secondary metabolites are promising for controlling this pest. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of Duguetia lanceolata A.St.-Hil. (stem bark), Xylopia emarginata Mart. (stem bark), and Xylopia sericea A.St.-Hil. (stem bark and fruits) against D. gallinae. Additionally, the secondary metabolite profile of the X. emarginata was analysed by UFLC-DAD-ESI(+)-MS/MS (micrOTOF-QII) and data analysis was performed using the Molecular Networking. In a topical application test, all plant species tested showed bioactivity, in that order of toxicity with the respective probability survival: X. emarginata (stem bark) (0.28) > X. sericea (stem barks) (0.35) > X. sericea (fruits) and D. lanceolata (stem bark) (0.47). The most promising results were found for X. emarginata (LC50 = 331.769 μg/cm2). It is noteworthy that the LC50 of the insecticide cypermethrin was 1234.4 μg/cm2, which was 73% higher than that of X. emarginata. The metabolomic profile of X. emarginata revealed the presence of alkaloids, amides, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. This is the first report of X. emarginata acaricidal activity against D. gallinae and exploratory chemical analysis by untargeted metabolomics and the molecular network of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dejane Santos Alves
- Univ Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Santa Helena, Paraná, CEP 85892-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jociani Ascari
- Univ Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Santa Helena, Paraná, CEP 85892-000, Brazil
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Ariizumi T, Murata S, Fujisawa S, Isezaki M, Maekawa N, Okagawa T, Sato T, Oishi E, Taneno A, Konnai S, Ohashi K. Selection of reference genes for quantitative PCR analysis in poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae). J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:558-565. [PMID: 33583914 PMCID: PMC8111338 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry red mites (PRMs, Dermanyssus gallinae) are harmful ectoparasites
that affect farmed chickens and cause serious economic losses in the poultry industry
worldwide. Acaricides are used for PRM control; however, some PRMs have developed
acaricide-resistant properties, which have indicated the need for different approaches for
PRM control. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the biological status of PRMs to
develop alternative PRM control strategies. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
allows analysis of the biological status at the transcript level. However, reference genes
are preferable for accurate comparison of expression level changes given the large
variation in the quality of the PRM samples collected in each farm. This study aimed to
identify candidate reference genes with stable expression levels in the different blood
feeding states and life stages of PRMs. First, we selected candidates based on the
following criteria: sufficient expression intensity and no significant expression
difference between fed and starved states. We selected and characterized seven candidate
reference genes. Among them, we evaluated the gene expression stability between the
starved and fed states using RefFinder; moreover, we compared their expression levels in
each life-stage and identified two reference genes, Elongation factor
1-alpha (ELF1A)-like and apolipophorins-like.
Finally, we evaluated the utility of the candidates as reference genes, and the use of
ELF1A-like and apolipophorins-like successfully
normalized ATP synthase subunit g -like gene expression. Thus,
ELF1A-like and apolipophorins-like could be suitable
reference genes in PRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ariizumi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sotaro Fujisawa
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Isezaki
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takumi Sato
- Vaxxinova Japan K.K., 1-24-8 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0013, Japan
| | - Eiji Oishi
- Vaxxinova Japan K.K., 1-24-8 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0013, Japan
| | - Akira Taneno
- Vaxxinova Japan K.K., 1-24-8 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0013, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Wang C, Xu X, Huang Y, Yu H, Li H, Wan Q, Li H, Wang L, Sun Y, Pan B. Susceptibility of Dermanyssus gallinae from China to acaricides and functional analysis of glutathione S-transferases associated with beta-cypermethrin resistance. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 171:104724. [PMID: 33357546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae poses a significant threat to poultry production, and the resistance to pyrethroids has been identified worldwide. Periodic monitoring of acaricide resistance in D. gallinae is very important for its control, and molecular mechanism associated with beta-cypermethrin resistance in D. gallinae is not fully clear. Results showed, four field isolates of CBP-1, CBP-2, CBP-5 and CBY-1 from China remained either susceptible or with decreased susceptibility (resistance ratio < 5.0) to phoxim, amitraz, propoxur and carbaryl. Four field isolates of CBP-1, CBP-3, CBY-2 and CBH-1 had developed high or extremely high level of resistance (resistance ratio ≥ 40.0) to beta-cypermethrin or permethrin. Detoxification enzyme activity of GSTs was significantly higher in beta-cypermethrin resistant (RS) than susceptible strain (SS), indicating that GSTs are probably involved in beta-cypermethrin resistance in D. gallinae. The recombinant GSTs (rGST-1, 2, 3) showed a pronounced activity toward the conjugates of 1-chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH), with rGST-1 presenting the highest enzymatic activity. Constitutive over-expression of Deg-GST-2 was detected in RS strain, and GSTs genes were all inducible with the treatment of beta-cypermethrin in SS and RS strains. More importantly, knocking down Deg-GST-2 gene expression by RNAi increased the susceptibility of RS strain to beta-cypermethrin. HPLC analysis indicated that rGST-1 protein could metabolize phoxim directly, but rGSTs could not directly metabolize beta-cypermethrin. Our results indicated that some field isolates of D. gallinae from China had developed high level of resistance to pyrethroids, and elevated GSTs activity as well as increased GSTs expression levels were involved in beta-cypermethrin resistance, but the three evaluated GSTs did not play a direct role in the metabolism of beta-cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - He Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lianyu Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Centre of Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Centre of Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Huang Y, Li H, Wang C, Xu X, Yu H, Meng J, Qi X, Wang B, Pan B. De novo assembly and discovery of genes related to blood digestion in the transcriptome of Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae). Vet Parasitol 2020; 286:109246. [PMID: 32992158 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae is an economically important blood-feeding ectoparasite affecting layer chicken farms in many countries. Similar to other blood-feeding arthropods, the blood-meal digestion plays a key role in the survival and reproduction of D. gallinae. The knowledge of the genes involved in blood digestion processes may provide new targets for drug and vaccine against the red mites. In the present study, we sequenced and de novo assembled the transcriptomes of unfed and fed adult red mites using Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Up to 40,506 unigenes were assembled, and 13,018 unigenes were identified and annotated. GO analysis of the annotated unigenes clustered into three main GO terms. The dominant GO terms of biological processes were cellular process and metabolic process, the prevailing GO terms of the cellular component were cell part and membrane part, and the dominant GO terms of molecular functions were catalytic and binding activities. Up to 6,443 annotated sequences were assigned to 246 active pathways by KEGG analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis identified 2,877 unigenes with upregulated 2,094 and downregulated 783 in fed female mites compared with unfed female mites. The biological function of these DEGs was further investigated using the KEGG and GO databases. The upregulated DEGs were potentially involved in nutrient metabolism, highlighting their importance in red mite biology. Quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validated that the expression levels of the selected six upregulated DEGs were consistent with those in RNA-seq, indicating that the transcriptomic data are reliable. The present study provides valuable and fundamental knowledge that improves our understanding of the physiology of D. gallinae digestion at a molecular level. Moreover, these transcriptomic data will facilitate the identification of novel function genes and candidate antigens for the development of effective vaccines or drug targets to control D. gallinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - He Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jali Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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