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TOMIOKA Y, TAKEDA K, OZAKI K, INOUE H, YAMAMOTO S, TAKEUCHI T, ONO E. Single amino acid mutation of nectin-1 provides remarkable resistance against lethal pseudorabies virus infection in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:120-127. [PMID: 38030279 PMCID: PMC10849851 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An approach to genetically engineered resistance to pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection was examined by using a mouse model with defined point mutation in primary receptor for alphaherpesviruses, nectin-1, by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. It has become clear that phenylalanine at position 129 of nectin-1 is important for binding to viral glycoprotein D (gD), and mutation of phenylalanine 129 to alanine (F129A) prevents nectin-1 binding to gD and virus entry in vitro. Here, to assess the antiviral potential of the single amino acid mutation of nectin-1, F129A, in vivo, we generated genome-edited mutant mouse lines; F129A and 135 knockout (KO). The latter, 135 KO used as a nectin-1 knockout line for comparison, expresses a carboxy-terminal deleted polypeptide consisting of 135 amino acids without phenylalanine 129. In the challenge with 10 LD50 PRV via intranasal route, perfect protection of disease onset was induced by expression of the mutation of nectin-1, F129A (survival rate: 100% in F129A and 135 KO versus 0% in wild type mice). Neither viral DNA/antigens nor pathological changes were detected in F129A, suggesting that viral entry was prevented at the primary site in natural infection. In the challenge with 50 LD50 PRV, lower but still strong protective effect against disease onset was observed (survival rate: 57% in F129A and 75% in 135 KO versus 0% in wild type mice). The present results indicate that single amino acid mutation of nectin-1 F129A provides significant resistance against lethal pseudorabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko TOMIOKA
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Keiko TAKEDA
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinuyo OZAKI
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi INOUE
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayo YAMAMOTO
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi TAKEUCHI
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Etsuro ONO
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Rahangdale R, Tender T, Balireddy S, Goswami K, Pasupuleti M, Hariharapura RC. A critical review on antiviral peptides derived from viral glycoproteins and host receptors to decoy herpes simplex virus. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2036-2052. [PMID: 37740682 PMCID: PMC10616652 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The health of the human population has been continuously challenged by viral infections. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the common causes of illness and can lead to death in immunocompromised patients. Existing anti-HSV therapies are not completely successful in eliminating the infection due to anti-viral drug resistance, ineffectiveness against the latent virus and high toxicity over prolonged use. There is a need to update our knowledge of the current challenges faced in anti-HSV therapeutics and realize the necessity of developing alternative treatment approaches. Protein therapeutics are now being explored as a novel approach due to their high specificity and low toxicity. This review highlights the significance of HSV viral glycoproteins and host receptors in the pathogenesis of HSV infection. Proteins or peptides derived from HSV glycoproteins gC, gB, gD, gH and host cell receptors (HSPG, nectin and HVEM) that act as decoys to inhibit HSV attachment, entry, or fusion have been discussed. Few researchers have tried to improve the efficacy and stability of the identified peptides by modifying them using a peptidomimetic approach. With these efforts, we think developing an alternative treatment option for immunocompromised patients and drug-resistant organisms is not far off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rahangdale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Tenzin Tender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Sridevi Balireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Kamini Goswami
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
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3
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Ning X, Sun L. Systematic Identification and Analysis of Circular RNAs of Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) in Response to Vibrio anguillarum Infection. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010100. [PMID: 33467444 PMCID: PMC7830906 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new class of non-coding RNA that is structured into a closed loop without polyadenylation. Recent studies showed that circRNAs are involved in the host immune response to pathogen infection. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), an important economical marine fish cultured in north Asia, is affected by Vibrio anguillarum, a pathogenic bacterium that can infect a large number of fish. In this study, we systematically explored the circRNAs in the spleen of V. anguillarum-infected flounder at different infection time points. A total of 6581 circRNAs were identified, 148 of which showed differential expression patterns after V. anguillarum infection and were named DEcirs. Most of the DEcirs were strongly time-specific. The parental genes of the DEcirs were identified and functionally classified into diverse pathways, including immune-related pathways. Among the immune-related DEcirs, seven were predicted to sponge 18 targeted miRNAs that were differentially expressed during V. anguillarum infection (named DETmiRs). Further analysis showed that the DEcirs and their corresponding DETmiRs intertwined into complicated immune related networks. These results indicate that in flounder, circRNAs are regulated by V. anguillarum and form interactive networks with mRNAs and miRNAs that likely play important roles in the immune defense against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-82898829
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4
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Fujimoto Y, Hikita SI, Takeda K, Ozaki K, Inoue H, Takakuwa H, Sonoda KH, Ono E. Evaluation of the antiviral potential of the soluble forms of glycoprotein D receptors on ocular herpes caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in a transgenic mouse model. J Med Virol 2019; 91:820-828. [PMID: 30575982 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ocular herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infections, remains an important corneal disease, which may result in loss of vision. Because the frequency of acyclovir resistance in HSV has increased, novel antiviral agents are needed for therapeutic approaches to ocular herpes. Several studies have demonstrated that fusion proteins containing entire ectodomain of HSV glycoprotein D receptors, including herpesvirus entry mediator A (HVEM), nectin-1 and nectin-2, and the Fc portion of human IgG (HVEMIg, nectin-1Ig, and nectin-2Ig, respectively), can exert antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo. Here, to evaluate the antiviral potential of HVEMIg, nectin-1Ig, and nectin-2Ig against ocular infections with HSV, transgenic mice expressing these fusion proteins were ocularly inoculated with HSV-1 and HSV-2. Transgenic mouse lines expressing HVEMIg and nectin-1Ig showed marked resistance to ocular herpes; on the other hand, mouse lines expressing nectin-2Ig did not. Furthermore, to investigate the therapeutic effects of nectin-1Ig, which can neutralize HSVs in vitro against ocular disease, transgenic mouse serum containing nectin-1Ig was dropped into the eyes of wild-type mice after HSV infection. Reduction of severe symptoms could be observed in mice treated with nectin-1Ig serum. These results warrant further study of soluble HVEM and nectin-1 products as preventive and therapeutic agents against ocular herpes caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections, especially nectin-1Ig as a new eye drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hikita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Takeda
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Ozaki
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Inoue
- Shiga Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takakuwa
- Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Ono E, Uede T. Implication of Soluble Forms of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Infectious Disease and Tumor: Insights from Transgenic Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010239. [PMID: 29342882 PMCID: PMC5796187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, which mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. They play a critical role in maintaining tissue integrity and mediating migration of cells, and some of them also act as viral receptors. It has been known that soluble forms of the viral receptors bind to the surface glycoproteins of the viruses and neutralize them, resulting in inhibition of the viral entry into cells. Nectin-1 is one of important CAMs belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Both CAMs also act as alphaherpesvirus receptor. Transgenic mice expressing the soluble form of nectin-1 or HVEM showed almost complete resistance against the alphaherpesviruses. As another CAM, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) that recognize sialic acids are also known as an immunoglobulin superfamily member. Siglecs play an important role in the regulation of immune cell functions in infectious diseases, inflammation, neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Siglec-9 is one of Siglecs and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of group B Streptococcus (GBS) binds to Siglec-9 on neutrophils, leading to suppress host immune response and provide a survival advantage to the pathogen. In addition, Siglec-9 also binds to tumor-produced mucins such as MUC1 to lead negative immunomodulation. Transgenic mice expressing the soluble form of Siglec-9 showed significant resistance against GBS infection and remarkable suppression of MUC1 expressing tumor proliferation. This review describes recent developments in the understanding of the potency of soluble forms of CAMs in the transgenic mice and discusses potential therapeutic interventions that may alter the outcomes of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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6
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Fujimoto Y, Tomioka Y, Ozaki K, Takeda K, Suyama H, Yamamoto S, Takakuwa H, Morimatsu M, Uede T, Ono E. Comparison of the antiviral potential among soluble forms of herpes simplex virus type-2 glycoprotein D receptors, herpes virus entry mediator A, nectin-1 and nectin-2, in transgenic mice. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1815-1822. [PMID: 28671524 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus entry mediator A (HVEM), nectin-1 and nectin-2 are cellular receptors of glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2). It has been shown that soluble forms of HSV gD receptors have the antiviral potential in cultured cells and transgenic mice. Here, to compare antiviral potential of soluble forms of HVEM, nectin-1 and nectin-2 against HSV-2 infections in vivo, transgenic mice expressing fusion proteins consisting of the entire ectodomain of HVEM, nectin-1 or nectin-2 and the Fc portion of human IgG (HVEMIg, nectin-1Ig and nectin-2Ig, respectively) were intraperitoneally infected with HSV-2. In the infection with 3 MLD50 (50 % mouse lethal dose), effective resistance was not observed in transgenic mice expressing nectin-2Ig. In a transgenic mouse line with high expression of nectin-1Ig, significant protection from the infection with 30 and 300 MLD50 was observed (survival rate of 100 and 71 %, respectively). On the other hand, transgenic mice expressing HVEMIg showed a complete resistance to the lethal infection even with 300 MLD50 (survival rate of 100 %). These results demonstrated that HVEMIg could exert effective antiviral activities against HSV-2 infections in vivo as compared with other soluble forms of HSV gD receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Department of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tomioka
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Ozaki
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Takeda
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruka Suyama
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayo Yamamoto
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takakuwa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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7
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Zhang H, Zheng H, Qian P, Xu J, Yang X, Zhou R, Chen H, Li X. Induction of systemic IFITM3 expression does not effectively control foot-and-mouth disease viral infection in transgenic pigs. Vet Microbiol 2016; 191:20-6. [PMID: 27374903 PMCID: PMC7126902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sIFITM3 transgenic pigs were successfully generated by the handmade cloning. The sIFITM3 transgenic pigs as an animal model were evaluated the protection effect against FMDV. Induction of systemic sIFITM3 expression does not protect against FMDV infection in pigs.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, and can cause severe economic loss. Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins constitute a family of viral restriction factors that can inhibit the replication of several types of viruses. Our previous study showed that overexpression of swine IFITM3 (sIFITM3) impeded replication of the FMD virus (FMDV) in BHK-21 cells and mice. In this study, sIFITM3-transgenic (TG) pigs were produced by handmade cloning. Results showed that sIFITM3 was highly overexpressed in many organs of sIFITM3-TG pigs compared to wild-type pigs. After a virulent FMDV strain (O/ES/2001) was intramuscularly inoculated, the sIFITM3-TG pigs showed slightly higher susceptibility to FMDV infection than wild-type pigs. Both groups displayed comparable degrees of clinical symptoms throughout the 14-day observation period. Therefore, the induction of systemic sIFITM3 expression does not protect pigs against FMDV infection. Based on these observations, we propose that a combination of interferons and vaccines be used to control FMDV infections and subsequent FMD outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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8
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A soluble form of human nectin-2 impairs exocrine secretion of pancreas and formation of zymogen granules in transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 5:196-202. [PMID: 28955824 PMCID: PMC5600445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse lines expressing a soluble form of human nectin-2 (hNectin-2Ig Tg) exhibited distinctive elevation of amylase and lipase levels in the sera. In this study, we aimed to clarify the histopathology and to propose the transgenic mouse lines as new animal model for characteristic pancreatic exocrine defects. The significant increase of amylase and lipase levels in sera of the transgenic lines approximately peaked at 8 weeks old and thereafter, plateaued or gradually decreased. The histopathology in transgenic acinar cells was characterized by intracytoplasmic accumulation of abnormal proteins with decrease of normal zymogen granules. The hNectin-2Ig expression was observed in the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells, which was consistent with zymogen granules. However, signals of hNectin-2Ig were very weak in the transgenic acinar cells with the abnormal cytoplasmic accumulaion. The PCNA-positive cells increased in the transgenic pancreas, which suggested the affected acinar cells were regenerated. Acinar cells of hNectin-2Ig Tg had markedly small number of zymogen granules with remarkable dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen containing abundant abnormal proteins. In conclusion, hNectin-2Ig Tg is proposed as a new animal model for characteristic pancreatic exocrine defects, which are due to the ER stress induced by expression of mutated cell adhesion molecule that is a soluble form of human nectin-2. We generated transgenic mice expressing a soluble nectin-2 (hNectin-2Ig Tg). hNectin-2Ig Tg exhibited abnormal formation of zymogen granules. Abnormal proteins were accumulated in dilated ER of acinar cells of hNectin-2Ig Tg. hNectin-2Ig Tg is new animal model for exocrine defects associated with ER stress.
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9
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Lee G, Cho S, Hoang PM, Kim D, Lee Y, Kil EJ, Byun SJ, Lee TK, Kim DH, Kim S, Lee S. Therapeutic Strategy for the Prevention of Pseudorabies Virus Infection in C57BL/6 Mice by 3D8 scFv with Intrinsic Nuclease Activity. Mol Cells 2015; 38:773-80. [PMID: 26255831 PMCID: PMC4588720 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
3D8 single chain variable fragment (scFv) is a recombinant monoclonal antibody with nuclease activity that was originally isolated from autoimmune-prone MRL mice. In a previous study, we analyzed the nuclease activity of 3D8 scFv and determined that a HeLa cell line expressing 3D8 scFv conferred resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV). In this study, we demonstrate that 3D8 scFv could be delivered to target tissues and cells where it exerted a therapeutic effect against PRV. PRV was inoculated via intramuscular injection, and 3D8 scFv was injected intraperitoneally. The observed therapeutic effect of 3D8 scFv against PRV was also supported by results from quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, southern hybridization, and immunohistochemical assays. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 and 10 μg 3D8 scFv resulted in no detectable toxicity. The survival rate in C57BL/6 mice was 9% after intramuscular injection of 10 LD50 PRV. In contrast, the 3D8 scFv-injected C57BL/6 mice showed survival rates of 57% (5 μg) and 47% (10 μg). The results indicate that 3D8 scFv could be utilized as an effective antiviral agent in several animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunsup Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
- Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 440-706,
Korea
| | - SeungChan Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Phuong Mai Hoang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Dongjun Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Sung-June Byun
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706,
Korea
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 656-834,
Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 440-706,
Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921,
Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
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10
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Lin YZ, Yang F, Zhang SQ, Sun LK, Wang XF, Du C, Zhou JH. The soluble form of the EIAV receptor encoded by an alternative splicing variant inhibits EIAV infection of target cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79299. [PMID: 24278125 PMCID: PMC3838338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine lentivirus receptor 1 (ELR1) has been identified as the sole receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. In addition to the previously described membrane-associated form of ELR1, two other major alternative splicing variant mRNAs were identified in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs). One major spliced species (ELR1-IN) contained an insertion of 153 nt, which resulted in a premature stop codon situated 561 nt upstream of the predicted membrane spanning domain. The other major species (ELR1-DE) has a deletion of 109 nt that causes a shift of the open reading frame and generates a stop codon 312 nt downstream. Because ELR1-DE presumably encodes a peptide of a mere 23 residues, only ELR1-IN was further analyzed. The expression of a soluble form of ELR1 (sELR1) by ELR1-IN was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Similar to ELR1, the transcription level of ELR1-IN varied among individual horses and at different time points in the same individuals. The ratio of ELR1-IN mRNA species to ELR1 mRNA was approximately 1∶2.5. Pre-incubation of the recombinant sELR1 with EIAV significantly inhibited EIAV infection in equine macrophages, the primary in vivo target cell of the virus. Fetal equine dermal (FED) cells are susceptible to EIAV in vitro, and the replication of EIAV in FED cells transiently transfected with ELR1-IN was markedly reduced when compared with replication in cells transfected with the empty vector. Finally, the expression levels of both forms of the EIAV receptor were significantly regulated by infection with this virus. Taken together, our data indicate that sELR1 acts as a secreted cellular factor that inhibits EIAV infection in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Liu-Ke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
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11
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Concanavalin A-mediated T cell proliferation is regulated by herpes virus entry mediator costimulatory molecule. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:313-20. [PMID: 24163161 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation is regulated by two distinct signals, signals one and two. Concanavalin A (ConA) is an antigen-independent mitogen and functions as signal one inducer, leading T cells to polyclonal proliferation. CD28 is known to be one of major costimulatory receptors and to provide signal two in the ConA-induced T cell proliferation. Here, we have studied the implication of other costimulatory pathways in the ConA-mediated T cell proliferation by using soluble recombinant proteins consisting of an extracellular domain of costimulatory receptors and Fc portion of human IgG. We found that T cell proliferation induced by ConA, but not PMA plus ionomycin or anti-CD3 mAb, is significantly inhibited by herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)-Ig, even in the presence of CD28 signaling. Moreover, the high concentration of HVEM-Ig molecules almost completely suppressed ConA-mediated T cell proliferation. These results suggest that HVEM might play more important roles than CD28 in ConA-mediated T cell proliferation.
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12
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Saleh HM, Shaker AS, Saafan AM, Ibrahim AK. Herpes virus reactivation by low-intensity diode and CO₂ lasers. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 29:83-90. [PMID: 20969439 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The herpes virus enters into latency after symptomatic or asymptomatic herpetic infection. During latency, the virus has no impact on infected cells. However, internal or external stimuli, including certain lasers, can induce virus reactivation. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the reactivation power of the low-intensity diode and CO(2) lasers on the latent herpes virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) was inoculated in either the nasal cavity or the lacrimal film of an animal model. Once the virus entered into latency, the trigeminal ganglia of animals were exposed to either a low-intensity diode or CO(2) laser. The reactivation of the virus was then explored by PCR, RT-PCR, and dot-blot hybridization on nasal or lacrimal swabs. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the aforementioned techniques were compared. RESULTS The low-intensity diode laser reactivated the herpes virus less than the CO(2) laser. The nasally inoculated virus was more liable for reactivation by both lasers. PCR was considered as the standard method for the detection of the reactivated virus. CONCLUSIONS Low-intensity diode and CO(2) lasers can induce herpes virus reactivation, with the diode laser less likely to reactivate the virus than the CO(2) laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Mohammad Saleh
- Otolaryngology unit, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt.
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13
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Nolte MA, van Olffen RW, van Gisbergen KPJM, van Lier RAW. Timing and tuning of CD27-CD70 interactions: the impact of signal strength in setting the balance between adaptive responses and immunopathology. Immunol Rev 2009; 229:216-31. [PMID: 19426224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY After binding its natural ligand cluster of differentiation 70 (CD70), CD27, a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor-binding member of the TNFR family, regulates cellular activity in subsets of T, B, and natural killer cells as well as hematopoietic progenitor cells. In normal immune responses, CD27 signaling appears to be limited predominantly by the restricted expression of CD70, which is only transiently expressed by cells of the immune system upon activation. Studies performed in CD27-deficient and CD70-transgenic mice have defined a non-redundant role of this receptor-ligand pair in shaping adaptive T-cell responses. Moreover, adjuvant properties of CD70 have been exploited for the design of anti-cancer vaccines. However, continuous CD27-CD70 interactions may cause immune dysregulation and immunopathology in conditions of chronic immune activation such as during persistent virus infection and autoimmune disease. We conclude that optimal tuning of CD27-CD70 interaction is crucial for the regulation of the cellular immune response. We provide a detailed comparison of costimulation through CD27 with its closely related family members 4-1BB (CD137), CD30, herpes virus entry mediator, OX40 (CD134), and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene, and we argue that these receptors do not have a unique function per se but that rather the timing, context, and intensity of these costimulatory signals determine the functional consequence of their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn A Nolte
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Tomioka Y, Morimatsu M, Amagai K, Kuramochi M, Watanabe Y, Kouda S, Wada T, Kuboki N, Ono E. Fusion protein consisting of the first immunoglobulin-like domain of porcine nectin-1 and Fc portion of human IgG1 provides a marked resistance against pseudorabies virus infection to transgenic mice. Microbiol Immunol 2009; 53:8-15. [PMID: 19161552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nectin-1 is a Ca2+-independent Ig-like cell-cell adhesion molecule and an alphaherpesvirus receptor that binds to virion glycoprotein D by the first Ig-like domain. We have investigated the antiviral potentials of soluble forms of porcine nectin-1 to PRV infection by generating transgenic mice expressing different types of fusion protein. Previously, we reported that mice transgenic for a chimera that carried the entire ectodomain of porcine nectin-1 fused to the Fc portion of porcine IgG1 were more resistant than those transgenic for a chimera that carried the first Ig-like domain fused to the Fc portion. Recently, we generated transgenic mice expressing a fusion protein made of the first Ig-like domain fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1, and reported that they showed a microphthalmia. Here, two transgenic mouse lines expressing the fusion protein were challenged with PRV for comparing their resistances with those of transgenic mice expressing different types of fusion protein. Surprisingly, both transgenic mouse lines showed a high resistance to the viral infection, especially via the i.n. route. Significant resistance of the embryonic fibroblasts was also observed. Altogether, these findings indicated that the fusion protein consisting of the first Ig-like domain fused to the human Fc portion provided a marked resistance against PRV infection to the transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Tomioka
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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15
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Mapping of equine lentivirus receptor 1 residues critical for equine infectious anemia virus envelope binding. J Virol 2007; 82:1204-13. [PMID: 18032504 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01393-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The equine lentivirus receptor 1 (ELR1), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) protein family, has been identified as a functional receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). Toward defining the functional interactions between the EIAV SU protein (gp90) and its ELR1 receptor, we mapped the gp90 binding domain of ELR1 by a combination of binding and functional assays using the EIAV SU gp90 protein and various chimeric receptor proteins derived from exchanges between the functional ELR1 and the nonbinding homolog, mouse herpesvirus entry mediator (murine HveA). Complementary exchanges of the respective cysteine-rich domains (CRD) between the ELR1 and murine HveA proteins revealed CRD1 as the predominant determinant of functional gp90 binding to ELR1 and also to a chimeric murine HveA protein expressed on the surface of transfected Cf2Th cells. Mutations of individual amino acids in the CRD1 segment of ELR1 and murine HveA indicated the Leu70 in CRD1 as essential for functional binding of EIAV gp90 and for virus infection of transduced Cf2Th cells. The specificity of the EIAV SU binding domain identified for the ELR1 receptor is fundamentally identical to that reported previously for functional binding of feline immunodeficiency virus SU to its coreceptor CD134, another TNFR protein. These results indicate unexpected common features of the specific mechanisms by which diverse lentiviruses can employ TNFR proteins as functional receptors.
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16
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Ono E, Tomioka Y, Watanabe Y, Amagai K, Morimatsu M, Shinya K, Cherel P. Comparison of the antiviral potentials among the pseudorabies-resistant transgenes encoding different soluble forms of porcine nectin-1 in transgenic mice. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:2636-2641. [PMID: 17872513 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectin-1 is an alphaherpesvirus receptor that binds to virion glycoprotein D by the first immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain. The possibility of making animals resistant to pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection has been investigated by generating transgenic mice expressing soluble forms of porcine nectin-1. Previously, transgenic mice were generated that expressed a fusion protein made of the entire ectodomain of nectin-1 fused to the Fc portion of human IgG, or the first Ig-like domain fused to the Fc portion of porcine IgG. Here, the contribution of the second and third Ig-like domains of nectin-1 was analysed by generating transgenic mice expressing the entire ectodomain of nectin-1 fused to the porcine Fc portion. Transgenic mice expressing each of three different fusion proteins were challenged with PRV for comparison of their resistance. Altogether, mice transgenic for a chimera that carried the entire ectodomain were more resistant than those transgenic for a chimera that carried the first Ig-like domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ono
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
- The Avian Zoonoses Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tomioka
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Sankyo Labo Service Corporation, Tokyo 132-0023, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Keiko Amagai
- Sankyo Labo Service Corporation, Tokyo 132-0023, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shinya
- The Avian Zoonoses Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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17
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Spear PG, Manoj S, Yoon M, Taylor JM, Lin E, Susmarski N. Alternative entry receptors for herpes simplex virus and their roles in infection and disease. Future Virol 2007. [DOI: 10.2217/17460794.2.5.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are highly prevalent in human populations. Clinical manifestations are often not apparent or are limited to mucocutaneous lesions, at least in persons other than neonates or the immunocompromised. The virus establishes latent infections in peripheral neurons, cannot be eliminated by the immune system once acquired and can periodically reactivate to cause recurrent skin lesions even in persons with apparently normal immune systems. Additionally, the virus can spread to the CNS, causing life-threatening encephalitis. Multiple alternative entry receptors for HSV have been identified. This review will focus on recent studies designed to investigate which of these receptors are exploited by the virus for infection of its various target cell types, whether each receptor contributes equally to disease, and whether HSV strains differ in receptor usage, perhaps influencing their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Spear
- Northwestern University, Department of Microbiology – Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sharmila Manoj
- The University of Chicago, MKL 057, 910 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Miri Yoon
- Northwestern University, Department of Microbiology – Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joann M Taylor
- Northwestern University, Department of Microbiology – Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Erick Lin
- Northwestern University, Department of Microbiology – Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nanette Susmarski
- Northwestern University, Department of Microbiology – Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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18
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Ono E, Tomioka Y, Taharaguchi S, Cherel P. Comparison of protection levels against pseudorabies virus infection of transgenic mice expressing a soluble form of porcine nectin-1/HveC and vaccinated mice. Vet Microbiol 2006; 114:327-30. [PMID: 16427216 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently generated transgenic mice expressing a soluble form of porcine nectin-1 (PHveCIg) showing remarkable resistance to pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection. Nectin-1, also known as herpesvirus entry mediator C (HveC), is an alphaherpesvirus receptor that binds to virion glycoprotein D (gD). In order to evaluate the level of resistance to PRV infection induced by the expression of PHveCIg in the transgenic mice, the protective effects of vaccinated and transgenic mice were directly compared. Mice were immunized with a live vaccine, through intraperitoneal injection of PRV strain Begonia (an attenuated vaccine strain deleted for gE and thymidine kinase genes) at 4 weeks before challenge. The vaccinated and transgenic mice were challenged with 10LD(50), 20LD(50) or 50LD(50) of PRV strainYS-81 via intranasal route. In the vaccinated mice, no protection was observed in the challenges with 20LD(50) and 50LD(50). Only two out of six vaccinated mice survived in the challenge with 10LD(50). In contrast, four transgenic mouse lines showed significant resistance to PRV infection, although the survival rates varied in the challenge with each viral dose. These results demonstrate clearly the high potential of transgenic strategy in control of pseudorabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ono
- The Avian Zoonoses Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
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19
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Ono E, Tomioka Y, Watanabe Y, Amagai K, Taharaguchi S, Glenisson J, Cherel P. The first immunoglobulin-like domain of porcine nectin-1 is sufficient to confer resistance to pseudorabies virus infection in transgenic mice. Arch Virol 2006; 151:1827-39. [PMID: 16583156 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nectin-1 is an alphaherpesvirus receptor that binds to virion glycoprotein D (gD). Porcine nectin-1 mediates entry of pseudorabies virus (PRV), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). The gD-binding domain of nectin-1 is the first or N-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of the entire ectodomain. Here, we generated three transgenic mouse lines expressing a fusion protein consisting of the first Ig-like domain of porcine nectin-1 and the Fc portion of porcine IgG1 to assess the antiviral potential of the first Ig-like domain of nectin-1 in vivo. All of the transgenic mouse lines showed significant resistance to PRV infection via intraperitoneal inoculation (survival rates of 67% to 100%). In the intranasal challenge, a lower but still significant protection was observed; 21% to 55% of the animals from the three transgenic mouse lines survived. The present results demonstrate that a soluble form of the first domain of porcine nectin-1 is able to exert a significant antiviral effect against pseudorabies virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ono
- The Avian Zoonoses Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
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20
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Hehlgans T, Pfeffer K. The intriguing biology of the tumour necrosis factor/tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily: players, rules and the games. Immunology 2005; 115:1-20. [PMID: 15819693 PMCID: PMC1782125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 01/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily are critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system. The biological functions of this system encompass beneficial and protective effects in inflammation and host defence as well as a crucial role in organogenesis. At the same time, members of this superfamily are responsible for host damaging effects in sepsis, cachexia, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes recent progress in the immunobiology of the TNF/TNFR superfamily focusing on results obtained from animal studies using gene targeted mice. The different modes of signalling pathways affecting cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune organ development as well as host defence are reviewed. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that demonstrate a therapeutic potential by targeting individual receptors or ligands for the treatment of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hehlgans
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Ono E, Amagai K, Taharaguchi S, Tomioka Y, Yoshino S, Watanabe Y, Cherel P, Houdebine LM, Adam M, Eloit M, Inobe M, Uede T. Transgenic mice expressing a soluble form of porcine nectin-1/herpesvirus entry mediator C as a model for pseudorabies-resistant livestock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:16150-5. [PMID: 15534229 PMCID: PMC528950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0405816101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach to genetically engineered resistance to pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection was examined by using a transgene encoding a soluble form of nectin-1, also known as herpesvirus entry mediator C. Nectin-1 is an alpha-herpesvirus receptor that binds to virion glycoprotein D. Nectin-1 mediates entry of PRV, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and bovine herpesvirus type 1. To assess the antiviral potential of an ectopic expression of the nectin-1 ectodomain in vivo, six transgenic mouse lines expressing a soluble form of nectin-1, consisting of an extracellular domain of porcine nectin-1 and the Fc portion of human IgG1, were generated. All of the transgenic mouse lines showed nearly complete resistance to PRV infection by means of both i.p. and intranasal routes. These results suggest that the introduction into farm animals of a transgene encoding a soluble form of nectin-1 would offer a potent biological approach to generating alpha-herpesvirus-resistant livestock.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Herpesviridae/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Nectins
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Pseudorabies/immunology
- Pseudorabies/prevention & control
- Pseudorabies/virology
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/physiology
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Solubility
- Sus scrofa
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ono
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Research Section of Molecular Pathogenesis, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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