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Das T, Nath BK, Hume S, Gowland DJ, Crawley LS, Forwood JK, Raidal SR, Das S. Novel pathogenic adenovirus in Timneh grey parrot (Psittacus timneh) unveils distinct lineage within Aviadenovirus. Virology 2024; 598:110173. [PMID: 39018684 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Wild birds harbour a vast diversity of adenoviruses that remain uncharacterised with respect to their genome organisation and evolutionary relatedness within complex host ecosystems. Here, we characterise a novel adenovirus type within Aviadenovirus genus associated with severe necrotising hepatitis in a captive Timneh grey parrot, tentatively named as Timneh grey parrot adenovirus 1 (TpAdV-1). The TpAdV-1 genome is 39,867 bp and encodes 46 putative genes with seven hitherto not described ones. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses revealed highest nucleotide identity with psittacine adenovirus 1 and psittacine adenovirus 4 that formed a discrete monophyletic clade within Aviadenovirus lineage suggesting a deep host co-divergent lineage within Psittaciformes hosts. Several recombination breakpoints were identified within the TpAdV-1 genome, which highlighted an ancient evolutionary relationship across the genera Aviadenovirus, Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus. This study hints towards a host-adapted sub-lineage of avian adenovirus capable of having significant host virulence in Psittaciformes birds augmented with ecological opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia.
| | - Babu K Nath
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Sandy Hume
- National Threatened Species Institute, Australia
| | | | - Lisa S Crawley
- Priam Psittaculture Centre, Bungendore, NSW-2621, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
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Athukorala A, Lacasse C, Curtiss JB, Phalen DN, Sarker S. Characterisation of a novel aviadenovirus associated with disease in tawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides). Virology 2023; 588:109904. [PMID: 37856912 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Aviadenoviruses are widespread in wild birds but rarely cause disease in nature. However, when naïve species are exposed to poultry or aviaries, aviadenoviruses can lead to disease outbreaks. This study characterised a novel aviadenovirus infection in a native Australian bird, the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) during an outbreak investigation. The identified complete genome of aviadenovirus, named tawny frogmouth aviadenovirus A (TwAviAdV-A) was 41,175 bp in length containing 52 putative genes. TwAviAdV-A exhibits the common aviadenovirus genomic organisation but with a notable monophyletic subclade in the phylogeny. The TwAviAdV-A virus was hepatotrophic and the six frogmouths presented to the wildlife hospitals in South Eastern Queensland most commonly exhibited regurgitation (in four frogmouths). Three were died or euthanized, two recovered, and one showed no signs. The detection of TwAviAdV-A in frogmouths coming into care re-emphasizes the need for strict biosecurity protocols in wildlife hospitals and care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajani Athukorala
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, And Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Claude Lacasse
- RSPCA Queensland, 139 Wacol Station Road, Wacol, Queensland, 4076, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey B Curtiss
- IDEXX Laboratories, 3 Overend Street, East Brisbane, Queensland, 4169, Australia.
| | - David N Phalen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia; Schubot Exotic Bird Health, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA.
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, And Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia; Biomedical Sciences & Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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3
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Hubálek Z. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with gulls and terns (Laridae). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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Vaz FF, Raso TF, Agius JE, Hunt T, Leishman A, Eden JS, Phalen DN. Opportunistic sampling of wild native and invasive birds reveals a rich diversity of adenoviruses in Australia. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa024. [PMID: 32411389 PMCID: PMC7211397 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the diversity of adenoviruses in wild birds and how they have evolved and are maintained in complex ecosystems. In this study, 409 samples were collected from woodland birds caught for banding (droppings), birds submitted to a wildlife hospital (droppings and tissues), silver gulls (droppings or tissues), and feral pigeons (Columbia livia; oral, cloacal swabs, or tissues) from the Greater Sydney area in NSW, Australia. Additional samples were from native pigeons and doves (swabs) presented to the Healesville Sanctuary, VIC, Australia. Samples were screened for adenovirus DNA using degenerate primers and polymerase chain reaction. Adenovirus sequences were detected in eighty-three samples representing thirty-five novel amino acid sequences. Fourteen novel sequences were atadenoviruses, seven were aviadenoviruses, twelve were siadenoviruses, and one was a mastadenovirus. Sequences from passerine birds were predominately found to form a single lineage within the atadenoviruses, a second lineage in the siadenoviruses, and a third smaller aviadenovirus lineage. These viruses appeared to have co-evolved with a diverse group of woodland birds that share similar habitat. Evidence for host/virus co-evolution in some viruses and a wide host range in others was observed. A high prevalence of adenovirus infection was found in rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus), galahs (Eolophus roseicapilla), and sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita). Sequences were either identical to or mapped to already established lineages in the Aviadenovirus, Siadenovirus, and Atadenovirus genera, suggesting a possible origin of the psittacine adenoviruses in ancestral Australian psittacine birds. The sequences of passerine and psittacine origin provided insight into diversity and structure of the Atadenovirus genus and demonstrated for the first-time viruses of passerine origin in the Aviadenovirus genus. Four unrelated adenovirus sequences were found in silver gull samples (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae), including one of pigeon origin, suggesting environmental virus exposure. Three pigeon adenovirus types were detected in feral pigeons and infection prevalence was high. Evidence for host switching between invasive species and native species and native species and invasive species was documented. A variant of a murine adenovirus was detected in kidney tissue from two bird species suggesting mouse to bird transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico F Vaz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Orlando marques de Paiva, 87 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia F Raso
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Orlando marques de Paiva, 87 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica E Agius
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Hunt
- 16 Alderson Avenue North Rocks, NSW 2151, Australia
| | - Alan Leishman
- 4/101 Centaur Street, Revesby Heights, NSW 2122, Australia
| | - John-Sebastian Eden
- Sydney Medical School, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - David N Phalen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.,Schubot Exotic Bird Health, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
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Jejesky de Oliveira AP, Valdetaro Rangel MC, Z. Vidovszky M, Rossi JL, Vicentini F, Harrach B, L. Kaján G. Identification of two novel adenoviruses in smooth-billed ani and tropical screech owl. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229415. [PMID: 32109945 PMCID: PMC7048273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian adenoviruses (AdVs) are a very diverse group of pathogens causing diseases in poultry and wild birds. Wild birds, endangered by habitat loss and habitat fragmentation in the tropical forests, are recognised to play a role in the transmission of various AdVs. In this study, two novel, hitherto unknown AdVs were described from faecal samples of smooth-billed ani and tropical screech owl. The former was classified into genus Aviadenovirus, the latter into genus Atadenovirus, and both viruses most probably represent new AdV species as well. These results show that there is very limited information about the biodiversity of AdVs in tropical wild birds, though viruses might have a major effect on the population of their hosts or endanger even domesticated animals. Surveys like this provide new insights into the diversity, evolution, host variety, and distribution of avian AdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Jejesky de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Wildlife Health, Department of Ecosystem Ecology, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Márton Z. Vidovszky
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - João Luiz Rossi
- Laboratory of Wildlife Health, Department of Ecosystem Ecology, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vicentini
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brazil
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Győző L. Kaján
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
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Needle DB, Wise AG, Gregory CR, Maes RK, Sidor IF, Ritchie BW, Agnew D. Necrotizing Ventriculitis in Fledgling Chimney Swifts ( Chaetura Pelagica) Associated With a Novel Adenovirus, Chimney Swift Adenovirus-1 (CsAdV-1). Vet Pathol 2019; 56:907-914. [PMID: 31331256 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819861717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five chimney swift fledglings died following a progressive loss of appetite and condition while being cared for by an experienced wildlife rehabilitator. All animals had severe necrotizing and heterophilic ventriculitis, with myriad epithelial cells characterized by karyomegaly with intranuclear inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopy showed distention of epithelial cell nuclei and chromatin peripheralization by nonenveloped, icosahedral, 75- to 85-nm-diameter virions. Degenerate nested PCR for a highly conserved region of the adenovirus DNA polymerase gene was positive. BLAST analysis of the amplicon sequence indicated the presence of a novel adenovirus, with 74% homology to Antarctic penguin adenoviruses and 72% homology to a bat adenovirus, at low query coverages of only 65% and 63%, respectively. BLAST analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence generated the highest scores for squamate adenoviruses at 100% query coverage. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the partial amino acid sequence of the DNA polymerase, the chimney swift virus was a novel adenovirus most closely related to the Atadenovirus genus. Using a probe based on the novel viral sequence, DNA in situ hybridization identified viral nucleic acid in the nucleus. While the tentatively named chimney swift adenovirus-1 (CsAdV-1) is so far classified with the Atadenoviruses, it is relatively divergent from other members of that genus and may represent the first identified member of a new genus of Adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Needle
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Annabel G Wise
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
| | - Christopher R Gregory
- Emerging Diseases Research Group and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Roger K Maes
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
| | - Inga F Sidor
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Branson W Ritchie
- Emerging Diseases Research Group and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dalen Agnew
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
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Marques MVR, Marin SY, Couto RDM, Ecco R, Resende M, Martins NRDS. Fatal necrotic tracheitis by Aviadenovirus in captive Alagoas curassows (Pauxi mitu) extinct from the wild. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:278-283. [PMID: 30663340 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1571559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extinct from nature, captive young Alagoas curassows (Pauxi mitu) were found agonizing or dead with respiratory disease. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in the epithelia of the trachea, associated with marked necrotic tracheitis. An Aviadenovirus was isolated in chicken eggs and characterized genetically with 99% identity to the fowl Aviadenovirus A, as based on the hexon protein gene. This is the first report of respiratory disease caused by Aviadenovirus in any cracid species in Brazil, recommending for stricter biosecurity in the conservation premises. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Fatal tracheitis in curassows extinct from nature was associated with Aviadenovirus A. Seven-month-old Alagoas curassows (Aves: Cracidae) died with haemorrhagic tracheitis. Aviadenovirus A with 99% identity to fowl adenovirus 1 was detected in dead curassows. Fatal tracheitis by Aviadenovirus was described in Pauxi mitu (Aves: Cracidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Romero Marques
- a Avian Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Sandra Yuliet Marin
- a Avian Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Macedo Couto
- b Pathology Section, Department of Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- b Pathology Section, Department of Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Mauricio Resende
- a Avian Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Nelson Rodrigo da Silva Martins
- a Avian Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
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MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF AVIAN VIRUSES IN NEOTROPIC CORMORANTS ( PHALACROCORAX BRASILIANUS) IN CHILE. J Wildl Dis 2018; 55:105-112. [PMID: 30216128 DOI: 10.7589/2017-10-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We identified two RNA (paramyxovirus and coronavirus) and two DNA (adenovirus and herpesvirus) viruses in a common aquatic bird, the Neotropic Cormorant ( Phalacrocorax brasilianus), and determined their phylogenetic relationships to other global circulating variants. We analyzed 104 cloacal swabs from individuals collected at locations in Central Chile. Sequences were obtained from amplicons using consensus primers targeting conserved genes of the virus families Paramyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Adenoviridae, and Herpesviridae. A total of 20.2% of the samples was positive for coronavirus, 8.7% for adenovirus, and 3.8% for herpesvirus. No paramyxoviruses were detected. All coronaviruses were identified as viruses of the Gammacoronavirus genus, closely related to the infectious bronchitis virus clade (bootstrap clade support=75%). All adenovirus samples were identified as Aviadenovirus, related to a gull and falcon adenovirus (Bayesian posterior probability=0.86). The herpesviruses identified were related to the infectious laryngotracheitis virus ( Gallid herpesvirus 1) of the genus Iltovirus (bootstrap clade support=99%). We provide information about the diversity of viruses circulating among apparently healthy Neotropic Cormorants.
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Lempp C, Jungwirth N, Grilo ML, Reckendorf A, Ulrich A, van Neer A, Bodewes R, Pfankuche VM, Bauer C, Osterhaus ADME, Baumgärtner W, Siebert U. Pathological findings in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes foina) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), with special emphasis on infectious and zoonotic agents in Northern Germany. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175469. [PMID: 28399176 PMCID: PMC5388480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic landscape changes contributed to the reduction of availability of habitats to wild animals. Hence, the presence of wild terrestrial carnivores in urban and peri-urban sites has increased considerably over the years implying an increased risk of interspecies spillover of infectious diseases and the transmission of zoonoses. The present study provides a detailed characterisation of the health status of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes foina) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in their natural rural and peri-urban habitats in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany between November 2013 and January 2016 with focus on zoonoses and infectious diseases that are potentially threatening to other wildlife or domestic animal species. 79 red foxes, 17 stone martens and 10 raccoon dogs were collected from traps or hunts. In order to detect morphological changes and potential infectious diseases, necropsy and pathohistological work-up was performed. Additionally, in selected animals immunohistochemistry (influenza A virus, parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, Borna disease virus, tick-borne encephalitis, canine adenovirus, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria monocytogenes), next-generation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (fox circovirus) and serum-neutralisation analysis (canine distemper virus) were performed. Furthermore, all animals were screened for fox rabies virus (immunofluorescence), canine distemper virus (immunohistochemistry) and Aujeszky's disease (virus cultivation). The most important findings included encephalitis (n = 16) and pneumonia (n = 20). None of the investigations revealed a specific cause for the observed morphological alterations except for one animal with an elevated serum titer of 1:160 for canine distemper. Animals displayed macroscopically and/or histopathologically detectable infections with parasites, including Taenia sp., Toxocara sp. and Alaria alata. In summary, wildlife predators carry zoonotic parasitic disease and suffer from inflammatory diseases of yet unknown etiology, possibly bearing infectious potential for other animal species and humans. This study highlights the value of monitoring terrestrial wildlife following the "One Health" notion, to estimate the incidence and the possible spread of zoonotic pathogens and to avoid animal to animal spillover as well as transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lempp
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Nicole Jungwirth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miguel L. Grilo
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Anja Reckendorf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Arlena Ulrich
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Abbo van Neer
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, The Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa M. Pfankuche
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bauer
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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Singh A, Bekele AZ, Patnayak DP, Jindal N, Porter RE, Mor SK, Goyal SM. Molecular characterization of quail bronchitis virus isolated from bobwhite quail in Minnesota. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2815-2818. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Li Y, Lu R, Zhao Y, Xie Z, Shen J, Tan W. Phylogenetic evidence for intratypic recombinant events in a novel human adenovirus C that causes severe acute respiratory infection in children. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23014. [PMID: 26960434 PMCID: PMC4785336 DOI: 10.1038/srep23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are prevalent in hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Here, we report a unique recombinant HAdV strain (CBJ113) isolated from a HAdV-positive child with SARI. The whole-genome sequence was determined using Sanger sequencing and high-throughput sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome indicated that the CBJ113 strain shares a common origin with HAdV-C2, HAdV-C6, HAdV-C1, HAdV-C5, and HAdV-C57 and formed a novel subclade on the same branch as other HAdV-C subtypes. BootScan and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses showed that the CBJ113 genome has an intra-subtype recombinant structure and comprises gene regions mainly originating from two circulating viral strains: HAdV-1 and HAdV-2. The parental penton base, pVI, and DBP genes of the recombinant strain clustered with the HAdV-1 prototype strain, and the E1B, hexon, fiber, and 100 K genes of the recombinant clustered within the HAdV-2 subtype, meanwhile the E4orf1 and DNA polymerase genes of the recombinant shared the greatest similarity with those of HAdV-5 and HAdV-6, respectively. All of these findings provide insight into our understanding of the dynamics of the complexity of the HAdV-C epidemic. More extensive studies should address the pathogenicity and clinical characteristics of the novel recombinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Roujian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
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Bodewes R, Contreras GJS, García AR, Hapsari R, van de Bildt MWG, Kuiken T, Osterhaus ADME. Identification of DNA sequences that imply a novel gammaherpesvirus in seals. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1109-1114. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Rubio García
- Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Pieterburen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Artemis Research Institute for Wildlife Health, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Viroclinics Biosciences BV, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Smits SL, Schapendonk CME, van Beek J, Vennema H, Schürch AC, Schipper D, Bodewes R, Haagmans BL, Osterhaus ADME, Koopmans MP. New viruses in idiopathic human diarrhea cases, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1218-22. [PMID: 24964003 PMCID: PMC4073879 DOI: 10.3201/eid2007.140190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viral infections can be identified by using a viral metagenomics approach for clinical human material. Diarrhea samples of patients with unexplained gastroenteritis from the Netherlands were analyzed by using viral metagenomics. Novel circular DNA viruses, bufaviruses, and genogroup III picobirnaviruses were identified. These data expand our knowledge of the human virome.
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14
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Virus characterization and discovery in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. J Virol Methods 2015; 214:54-9. [PMID: 25681526 PMCID: PMC7119673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Detection and characterization of novel viruses is often hampered by the lack of adequately stored materials. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues can be used to detect known viral sequences. The application of FFPE tissues for detection of novel viral sequences is currently unclear. Sequence-independent amplification and next-generation was performed on FFPE tissues. Sequences of known viruses and a novel rotavirus were detected, with relatively low sensitivity but standard accuracy.
Detection and characterization of novel viruses is hampered frequently by the lack of properly stored materials. Especially for the retrospective identification of viruses responsible for past disease outbreaks, often only formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples are available. Although FFPE tissues can be used to detect known viral sequences, the application of FFPE tissues for detection of novel viruses is currently unclear. In the present study it was shown that sequence-independent amplification in combination with next-generation sequencing can be used to detect sequences of known and unknown viruses, although with relatively low sensitivity. These findings indicate that this technique could be useful for detecting novel viral sequences in FFPE tissues collected from humans and animals with disease of unknown origin, when other samples are not available. In addition, application of this method to FFPE tissues allows to correlate with the presence of histopathological changes in the corresponding tissue sections.
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15
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Chan JFW, To KKW, Chen H, Yuen KY. Cross-species transmission and emergence of novel viruses from birds. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 10:63-9. [PMID: 25644327 PMCID: PMC7102742 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of birds in cross-species transmission and emergence of novel viruses such as avian influenza A viruses are discussed. The novel avian viruses identified between 2012 and 2014 are summarized. The concept of ‘pathogen augmentation’ is introduced.
Birds, the only living member of the Dinosauria clade, are flying warm-blooded vertebrates displaying high species biodiversity, roosting and migratory behavior, and a unique adaptive immune system. Birds provide the natural reservoir for numerous viral species and therefore gene source for evolution, emergence and dissemination of novel viruses. The intrusions of human into natural habitats of wild birds, the domestication of wild birds as pets or racing birds, and the increasing poultry consumption by human have facilitated avian viruses to cross species barriers to cause zoonosis. Recently, a novel adenovirus was exclusively found in birds causing an outbreak of Chlamydophila psittaci infection among birds and humans. Instead of being the primary cause of an outbreak by jumping directly from bird to human, a novel avian virus can be an augmenter of another zoonotic agent causing the outbreak. A comprehensive avian virome will improve our understanding of birds’ evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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16
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Smits SL, Bodewes R, Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Baumgärtner W, Koopmans MP, Osterhaus ADME, Schürch AC. Assembly of viral genomes from metagenomes. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:714. [PMID: 25566226 PMCID: PMC4270193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections remain a serious global health issue. Metagenomic approaches are increasingly used in the detection of novel viral pathogens but also to generate complete genomes of uncultivated viruses. In silico identification of complete viral genomes from sequence data would allow rapid phylogenetic characterization of these new viruses. Often, however, complete viral genomes are not recovered, but rather several distinct contigs derived from a single entity are, some of which have no sequence homology to any known proteins. De novo assembly of single viruses from a metagenome is challenging, not only because of the lack of a reference genome, but also because of intrapopulation variation and uneven or insufficient coverage. Here we explored different assembly algorithms, remote homology searches, genome-specific sequence motifs, k-mer frequency ranking, and coverage profile binning to detect and obtain viral target genomes from metagenomes. All methods were tested on 454-generated sequencing datasets containing three recently described RNA viruses with a relatively large genome which were divergent to previously known viruses from the viral families Rhabdoviridae and Coronaviridae. Depending on specific characteristics of the target virus and the metagenomic community, different assembly and in silico gap closure strategies were successful in obtaining near complete viral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia L. Smits
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
- Viroclinics BiosciencesRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aritz Ruiz-Gonzalez
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Systematics, Biogeography and Population Dynamics Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Conservation Genetics Laboratory, National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA)Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Marion P. Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
- Viroclinics BiosciencesRotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses ResearchHannover, Germany
| | - Anita C. Schürch
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
Gastroenteritis is a clinical illness of humans and other animals that is characterized by vomiting and diarrhea and caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses. An increasing number of viral species have been associated with gastroenteritis or have been found in stool samples as new molecular tools have been developed. In this work, a DNA microarray capable in theory of parallel detection of more than 100 viral species was developed and tested. Initial validation was done with 10 different virus species, and an additional 5 species were validated using clinical samples. Detection limits of 1 × 10(3) virus particles of Human adenovirus C (HAdV), Human astrovirus (HAstV), and group A Rotavirus (RV-A) were established. Furthermore, when exogenous RNA was added, the limit for RV-A detection decreased by one log. In a small group of clinical samples from children with gastroenteritis (n = 76), the microarray detected at least one viral species in 92% of the samples. Single infection was identified in 63 samples (83%), and coinfection with more than one virus was identified in 7 samples (9%). The most abundant virus species were RV-A (58%), followed by Anellovirus (15.8%), HAstV (6.6%), HAdV (5.3%), Norwalk virus (6.6%), Human enterovirus (HEV) (9.2%), Human parechovirus (1.3%), Sapporo virus (1.3%), and Human bocavirus (1.3%). To further test the specificity and sensitivity of the microarray, the results were verified by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) detection of 5 gastrointestinal viruses. The RT-PCR assay detected a virus in 59 samples (78%). The microarray showed good performance for detection of RV-A, HAstV, and calicivirus, while the sensitivity for HAdV and HEV was low. Furthermore, some discrepancies in detection of mixed infections were observed and were addressed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of the viruses involved. It was observed that differences in the amount of genetic material favored the detection of the most abundant virus. The microarray described in this work should help in understanding the etiology of gastroenteritis in humans and animals.
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18
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Bodewes R, Lapp S, Hahn K, Habierski A, Förster C, König M, Wohlsein P, Osterhaus ADME, Baumgärtner W. Novel canine bocavirus strain associated with severe enteritis in a dog litter. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:1-8. [PMID: 25263495 PMCID: PMC7117162 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of fatal enteritis occurred in a dog litter. Major known causes of enteritis of young dogs were excluded. A novel canine bocavirus 2 strain was detected by random PCR and NGS. CaBoV-2 was detected in the intestinal tract and lymphoid tissue by ISH. No additional cases were identified by a small retrospective analysis.
Bocaviruses are small non-enveloped viruses with a linear ssDNA genome, that belong to the genus Bocaparvovirus of the subfamiliy Parvovirinae. Bocavirus infections are associated with a wide spectrum of disease in humans and various mammalian species. Here we describe a fatal enteritis associated with infection with a novel strain of canine bocavirus 2 (CaBoV-2), that occurred in a litter of German wirehaired pointers. Necropsy performed on three puppies revealed an enteritis reminiscent of canine parvovirus associated enteritis, accompanied with signs of lymphocytolytic disease in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and thymus. While other major causes of enteritis of young dogs, including canine parvovirus, were excluded, by random PCR in combination with next-generation sequencing, a novel CaBoV-2 strain was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome of this novel canine bocavirus strain indicated that this virus was indeed most closely related to group 2 canine bocaviruses. Infection with canine bocavirus was confirmed by in situ hybridization, which revealed the presence of CaBoV-2 nucleic acid in the intestinal tract and lymphoid tissues of the dogs. In a small-scale retrospective analysis concerning the role of CaBoV-2 no additional cases were identified. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the pathogenicity of canine bocaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefanie Lapp
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - André Habierski
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Förster
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Viroclinics Biosciences B.V., Marconistraat 16, 3029 AK Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Complete genome sequences of pigeon adenovirus 1 and duck adenovirus 2 extend the number of species within the genus Aviadenovirus. Virology 2014; 462-463:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Bodewes R, Lempp C, Schürch AC, Habierski A, Hahn K, Lamers M, von Dörnberg K, Wohlsein P, Drexler JF, Haagmans BL, Smits SL, Baumgärtner W, Osterhaus ADME. Novel divergent nidovirus in a python with pneumonia. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2480-2485. [PMID: 25063552 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.068700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The order Nidovirales contains large, enveloped viruses with a non-segmented positive-stranded RNA genome. Nidoviruses have been detected in man and various animal species, but, to date, there have been no reports of nidovirus in reptiles. In the present study, we describe the detection, characterization, phylogenetic analyses and disease association of a novel divergent nidovirus in the lung of an Indian python (Python molurus) with necrotizing pneumonia. Characterization of the partial genome (>33 000 nt) of this virus revealed several genetic features that are distinct from other nidoviruses, including a very large polyprotein 1a, a putative ribosomal frameshift signal that was identical to the frameshift signal of astroviruses and retroviruses and an accessory ORF that showed some similarity with the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase of paramyxoviruses. Analysis of genome organization and phylogenetic analysis of polyprotein 1ab suggests that this virus belongs to the subfamily Torovirinae. Results of this study provide novel insights into the genetic diversity within the order Nidovirales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Lempp
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anita C Schürch
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Habierski
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mart Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia L Smits
- Viroclinics Biosciences BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Artemis Research Institute for Wildlife Health, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Viroclinics Biosciences BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Bodewes R, Rubio García A, Wiersma LCM, Getu S, Beukers M, Schapendonk CME, van Run PRWA, van de Bildt MWG, Poen MJ, Osinga N, Sánchez Contreras GJ, Kuiken T, Smits SL, Osterhaus ADME. Novel B19-like parvovirus in the brain of a harbor seal. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79259. [PMID: 24223918 PMCID: PMC3818428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Using random PCR in combination with next-generation sequencing, a novel parvovirus was detected in the brain of a young harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) with chronic non-suppurative meningo-encephalitis that was rehabilitated at the Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre (SRRC) in the Netherlands. In addition, two novel viruses belonging to the family Anelloviridae were detected in the lungs of this animal. Phylogenetic analysis of the coding sequence of the novel parvovirus, tentatively called Seal parvovirus, indicated that this virus belonged to the genus Erythrovirus, to which human parvovirus B19 also belongs. Although no other seals with similar signs were rehabilitated in SRRC in recent years, a prevalence study of tissues of seals from the same area collected in the period 2008-2012 indicated that the Seal parvovirus has circulated in the harbor seal population at least since 2008. The presence of the Seal parvovirus in the brain was confirmed by real-time PCR and in vitro replication. Using in situ hybridization, we showed for the first time that a parvovirus of the genus Erythrovirus was present in the Virchow-Robin space and in cerebral parenchyma adjacent to the meninges. These findings showed that a parvovirus of the genus Erythrovirus can be involved in central nervous system infection and inflammation, as has also been suspected but not proven for human parvovirus B19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Rubio García
- Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Pieterburen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah Getu
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marjolein J. Poen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke Osinga
- Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Pieterburen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia L. Smits
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Viroclinics Biosciences B.V., Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Viroclinics Biosciences B.V., Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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