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Ordóñez-García M, Bustillos-Rodríguez JC, de Jesús Ornelas-Paz J, Acosta-Muñiz CH, Salas-Marina MÁ, Cambero-Campos OJ, Estrada-Virgen MO, Morales-Ovando MA, Rios-Velasco C. Morphological, Biological, and Molecular Characterization of Type I Granuloviruses of Spodoptera frugiperda. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s13744-024-01172-3. [PMID: 38940947 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Granuloviruses (GVs) Betabaculovirus associated with the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), especially those of the type I, have scarcely been studied. These GVs might be an effective alternative for the biocontrol of this insect. In this study, the native GVs SfGV-CH13 and SfGV-CH28 were isolated from FAW larvae and characterized for morphology, molecular traits, and insecticidal activity. The elapsed time between symptomatic infection of larvae and stop feeding as well as the weight of larvae before death or prior to pupation were also evaluated. Both GVs had ovoid shape and a length of 0.4 µm. They had the same DNA restriction profiles and their genome sizes were about 126 kb. The symptomatic infection with the tested GVs mainly caused flaccidity of larva body and discoloration of integument. The integument lysis was only observed in 8% of infected larvae. Infected larvae gradually stopped feeding. Overall, these symptoms are characteristic of infections caused by type I GVs, which are known as monoorganotropic or slow-killing GVs. The median lethal dose (LD50) values for SfGV-CH13 and SfGV-CH28 isolates were 5.4 × 102 and 1.1 × 103 OBs/larva, respectively. The median lethal time (LT50) ranged from 17 to 24 days. LT50 values decreased as the viral dose was increased. The elapsed time from symptomatic infection until pupation and body weight of larvae (third instar) were higher with SfGV-CH28 than SfGV-CH13. Both granulovirus isolates were able to kill the FAW larvae from the 12th day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Ordóñez-García
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Bustillos-Rodríguez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Salas-Marina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Villacorzo, Univ de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mario Alberto Morales-Ovando
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Nutrición y Alimentos, Univ de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Sede Acapetahua, Acapetahua, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Claudio Rios-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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2
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Hodgson JJ, Passarelli AL, Krell PJ. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Autographa Californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Chitinase and Cathepsin Genes Enhances Virulence. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020503. [PMID: 36851718 PMCID: PMC9965964 DOI: 10.3390/v15020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The baculoviral chitinase (CHIA) and cathepsin (V-CATH) enzymes promote terminal insect host liquefaction, which aids viral progeny dissemination. Recombinant Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)-derived viruses were previously generated with reprogrammed chiA transcription by replacing the native promoter with the AcMNPV polyhedrin (polh) or core protein (p6.9) promoter sequences, but of both these chiA-reprogrammed viruses lacked v-cath transcription and V-CATH enzymatic activity. Here, we report that dual p6.9/polh promoter reprogramming of the adjacent chiA/v-cath genes resulted in modulated temporal transcription of both genes without impacting infectious budded virus production. These promoter changes increased CHIA and V-CATH enzyme activities in infected Spodoptera frugiperda-derived cultured cells and Trichoplusia ni larvae. In addition, larvae infected with the dual reprogrammed virus had earlier mortalities and liquefaction. This recombinant baculovirus, lacking exogenous genomic elements and increased chiA/v-cath expression levels, may be desirable for and amenable to producing enhanced baculovirus-based biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hodgson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | | | - Peter J Krell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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3
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Natural Coinfection between Novel Species of Baculoviruses in Spodoptera ornithogalli Larvae. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122520. [PMID: 34960789 PMCID: PMC8703766 DOI: 10.3390/v13122520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest in different crops of economic relevance in America. For its control, strategies that include chemicals are usually used; so, the description of entomopathogens would be very useful for the formulation of biopesticides. In this regard, two different baculoviruses affecting S. ornithogalli were isolated in Colombia, with one of them being an NPV and the other a GV. Ultrastructural, molecular, and biological characterization showed that both isolates possess the 38 core genes and are novel species in Baculoviridae, named as Spodoptera ornithogalli nucleopolyhedrovirus (SporNPV) and Spodoptera ornithogalli granulovirus (SporGV). The bioassays carried out in larvae of S. ornithogalli and S. frugiperda showed infectivity in both hosts but being higher in the first. In addition, it was observed that SporGV potentiates the insecticidal action of SporNPV (maximum value in ratio 2.5:97.5). Both viruses are individually infective but coexist in nature, producing mixed infections with a synergistic effect that improves the performance of the NPV and enables the transmission of the GV, which presents a slowly killing phenotype.
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4
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Liu TH, Wei Y, Dong XL, Chen P, Wang L, Yang X, Lu C, Pan MH. The dual roles of three MMPs and TIMP in innate immunity and metamorphosis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. FEBS J 2021; 289:2828-2846. [PMID: 34862848 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitory factors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are implicated in many diseases. However, the mammalian MMPs (> 20) and TIMPs (> 3) are larger in number, and so little is known about their individual roles in organisms. Hence, we have systematically studied the roles of all three MMPs and one TIMP in silkworm innate immunity and metamorphosis. We observed that MMPs and TIMP are highly expressed during the pupation stage of the silkworms, and TIMP could interact with each MMPs. High-activity MMPs and low-activity TIMP may enhance the infection of B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in both in vitro and in vivo. MMPs' knockout and TIMP overexpression delayed silkworm development and even caused death. Interestingly, different MMPs' knockout led to different tubular tissue dysplasia. These findings provide insights into the conserved functions of MMPs and TIMP in human organogenesis and immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Decker-Franco C, Taibo CB, Di Rienzo JA, Alfonso V, Arneodo JD. Comparative Pathogenesis of Generalist AcMNPV and Specific RanuNPV in Larvae of Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Following Single and Mixed Inoculations. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1009-1014. [PMID: 33604661 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The South American soybean pest, Rachiplusia nu (Guenée), is naturally infected by Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Rachiplusia nu nucleopolyhedrovirus (RanuNPV). We compared their pathogenicity to fourth-instar R. nu larvae, by evaluating time to death and virus spread throughout the tissues in single and mixed infections. Bioassays showed that generalist AcMNPV had a faster speed of kill than specific RanuNPV, while the mixed-virus treatment did not statistically differ from AcMNPV alone. Histopathology evidenced similar tissue tropism for both viruses, but co-inoculation resulted in mostly AcMNPV-infected cells. In sequential inoculations, however, the first virus administered predominated over the second one. Implications on baculovirus interactions and biocontrol potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Decker-Franco
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Catalina B Taibo
- Laboratorio de Microscopía, CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Julio A Di Rienzo
- Cátedra de Estadística y Biometría, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria Alfonso
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IB), CICVyA, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Joel D Arneodo
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
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6
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Li ZQ, Song XH, Wang M, Wang S, Huang GH. Melanization induced by Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h promotes viral replication. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:472-484. [PMID: 32243720 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanization is an important innate immune defense mechanism of insects, which can kill invading pathogens. Most pathogens, for their survival and reproduction, inhibit the melanization of the host. Interestingly, our results suggested that after infection with Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h), the speed of melanization in infected Spodoptera exigua larval hemolymph was accelerated and that the phenoloxidase (PO) activity of hemolymph in larvae infected with HvAV-3h increased significantly (1.20-fold at 96 hpi, 1.52-fold at 120 hpi, 1.23-fold at 144 hpi, 1.12-fold at 168 hpi). The transcription level of the gene encoding S. exigua prophenoloxidase-1 (SePPO-1 gene) was upregulated dramatically in the fat body during the middle stage of infection. In addition, when melanization was inhibited or promoted, the replication of HvAV-3h was inhibited or promoted, respectively. In conclusion, infection with HvAV-3h can markedly induce melanization in the middle stage of infection, and melanization is helpful for HvAV-3h viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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7
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Xi Y, Xing L, Wennmann JT, Fan J, Li Z, Wu Q, Lu S, Liu B, Guo J, Qiao X, Huang C, Qian W, Jehle JA, Wan F. Gene expression patterns of Cydia pomonella granulovirus in codling moth larvae revealed by RNAseq analysis. Virology 2021; 558:110-118. [PMID: 33756423 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used as a biological control agent of codling moth (Cydia pomonella), a severe global pest on pome fruit. Despite the economic importance, our knowledge of its molecular biology is still limited and a detailed picture of its gene expression is still missing. Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of codling moth larvae infected with the Mexican isolate CpGV-M and analyzed the expression of viral genes at 12, 48, and 96 h post infection (hpi). The results showed that two genes (p6.9 and pp31/39K) related to DNA binding of virus production, were highly expressed at 48 and 96 hpi. From 48 to 96 hpi, the expression of genes associated with virus replication and dissemination decreased, whereas the expression of genes related to infectious virion production and per os infectivity increased. This study provides a comprehensive view of CpGV gene expression patterns in host larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstraße 243, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Longsheng Xing
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jörg T Wennmann
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstraße 243, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jiangbin Fan
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstraße 243, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Zaiyuan Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Sha Lu
- College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Johannes A Jehle
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstraße 243, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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8
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Hodgson JJ, Krell PJ, Passarelli AL. Mature viral cathepsin is required for release of viral occlusion bodies from Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus-infected cells. Virology 2021; 556:23-32. [PMID: 33540271 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus-infected larvae release progeny viral occlusion bodies (OBs) to enable cyclical virus transmission to new hosts. The alphabaculovirus chitinase and cathepsin enzymes cause terminal liquefaction of host insect cadavers, aiding OB dispersal. The mechanism of cell lysis required to release the OBs is unclear but here we show Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus cathepsin protease activity is required for efficient release of the host tissue-degrading chitinase and cathepsin enzymes and critical for release of progeny OBs from virus-infected cells. Comparisons between viruses containing or lacking cathepsin indicate that cathepsin was necessary for OB release into cultured cell media or hemolymph of insects. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of cysteine protease activity in cells during infection blocked maturation of active cathepsin and OB release from infected cells. Together, these results suggest an important link between baculovirus-induced cell lysis, the concomitant maturation of cathepsin, and cellular release of chitinase, cathepsin and progeny OBs from cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hodgson
- Boyce Thompson Institute at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Peter J Krell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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9
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Chen Y, Guo L, Wan N, Ji X, Zhang H, Jiang J. Transcriptomic analysis of the interactions between the Spodoptera exigua midgut and nucleopolyhedrovirus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:241-253. [PMID: 31973864 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) has been successfully applied as a bioinsecticide against S. exigua, one of the most devastating pests worldwide. However, due to limited information, the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions between S. exigua and SeNPV remain to be elucidated. In this study, RNA-Seq and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis of the S. exigua larva midgut were performed to explore molecular responses to SeNPV infection. A total of 1785 DEGs, including 935 upregulated and 850 downregulated genes, were identified in the midgut of SeNPV-infected S. exigua larvae. Ultrastructural observations showed that after SeNPV infection, the peritrophic matrix (PM) became a loose and highly porous surface with many clear ruptures; these changes were most likely associated with upregulation of chitin deacetylases. In addition, 124 putative innate immunity-related DEGs were identified and divided into several groups, including pattern recognition proteins, signaling pathways, signal modulation, antimicrobial peptides and detoxification. Interestingly, upregulation of some pattern recognition proteins, induction of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and promotion of REPAT synthesis might be the main innate immunity responses occurring in the S. exigua larva midgut after SeNPV infection. According to quantitative real-time PCR, the expression profiles of 19 random DEGs were consistent with those obtained by RNA-Seq. These findings provide important basic information for understanding the molecular mechanisms of SeNPV invasion and the anti-SeNPV responses of the S. exigua midgut, promoting the utility of SeNPV as a bioinsecticide for the effective control of S. exigua and related pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Chen
- Ecological Control of Pests Lab, Ecoenvironment and Plant Protect Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, 1000 Jin qi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China
| | - Ling Guo
- Ecological Control of Pests Lab, Ecoenvironment and Plant Protect Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, 1000 Jin qi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China
| | - Nianfeng Wan
- Ecological Control of Pests Lab, Ecoenvironment and Plant Protect Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, 1000 Jin qi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China
| | - Xiangyun Ji
- Ecological Control of Pests Lab, Ecoenvironment and Plant Protect Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, 1000 Jin qi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China..
| | - Hao Zhang
- Ecological Control of Pests Lab, Ecoenvironment and Plant Protect Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, 1000 Jin qi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China..
| | - Jiexian Jiang
- Ecological Control of Pests Lab, Ecoenvironment and Plant Protect Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science, 1000 Jin qi Road, Shanghai 201403, PR China..
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10
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Bio-Insecticidal Potential of Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus Mixtures to Control the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Viruses 2019; 11:v11080684. [PMID: 31357428 PMCID: PMC6723348 DOI: 10.3390/v11080684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the isolate VG008 of S. frugiperda granulovirus (SpfrGV) to enhance the infectivity of the isolate SfCOL of S. frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrMNPV) was evaluated on S. frugiperda larvae. Bioassays were performed with mixtures by using different proportions 90%:10% (M1), 95%:5% (M2) and 97.5%:2.5% (M3) of SfCOL:VG008, respectively. All mixtures showed higher insecticidal activity that SfCOL. The mixture M3 showed the highest enhancement of SfCOL reducing 11.40 times the Mean Lethal Concentration and 96 h in the Mean Time to Death. The enhancer activity of proteins derived from VG008 (GVPs) were also evaluated in mixture with SfCOL. The GVPs increased 27% larval mortality caused by SfCOL and damaged the peritrophic membrane of S. litura larvae, suggesting that the key point in this enhancing activity is the initial step of the larva colonization, the midgut infection. M3 was formulated and evaluated under greenhouse conditions in maize plants using different doses. The highest efficacy was obtained with the highest dose of M3 (8 × 1011 OBs/ha), which was similar to that found when formulated SfCOL was applied using an approximately twofold higher dose. The viral mixture M3 was selected as the active ingredient for developing a new biopesticide for a more efficient management of the pest in the field.
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Denecke S, Swevers L, Douris V, Vontas J. How do oral insecticidal compounds cross the insect midgut epithelium? INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 103:22-35. [PMID: 30366055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of oral insecticidal molecules (small molecules, peptides, dsRNA) via spray or plant mediated applications represents an efficient way to manage damaging insect species. With the exception of Bt toxins that target the midgut epithelium itself, most of these compounds have targets that lie within the hemocoel (body) of the insect. Because of this, one of the greatest factors in determining the effectiveness of an oral insecticidal compound is its ability to traverse the gut epithelium and enter the hemolymph. However, for many types of insecticidal compounds, neither the pathway taken across the gut nor the specific genes which influence uptake are fully characterized. Here, we review how different types of insecticidal compounds enter or cross the midgut epithelium through passive (diffusion) or active (transporter based, endocytosis) routes. A deeper understanding of how insecticidal molecules cross the gut will help to best utilize current insecticides and also provide for more rational design of future ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Douris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chilo iridescent virus encodes two functional metalloproteases. Arch Virol 2018; 164:657-665. [PMID: 30498963 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The genome of Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) has two open reading frames (ORFs) with matrix metalloprotease (MMP) domains. The protein encoded by ORF 136R contains 178 amino acids with over 40% amino acid sequence identity to hypothetical metalloproteases of other viruses, and the protein 165R contains 264 amino acids with over 40% amino acid sequence identity to metalloproteases of a large group of organisms, primarily including a variety of Drosophila species. These proteins possess conserved zinc-binding motifs in their catalytic domains. In this study, we focused on the functional analysis of these ORFs. They were cloned into the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression-vector system, expressed in insect Sf9 cells with an N-terminal His tag, and purified to homogeneity at 72 hours postinfection using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blot analyses of purified 136R and 165R proteins with histidine tags resulted in 24- and 34-kDa protein bands, respectively. Biochemical assays with the purified proteins, performed using azocoll and azocasein as substrates, showed that both proteins have protease activity. The enzymatic activities were inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitor EDTA. Effects of these proteins were also investigated on Galleria mellonella larvae. Insecticidal activity was tested by injecting the larvae with the virus derived from the AcMNPV bacmid carrying 136R or 165R ORFs. The results showed that the baculoviruses harbouring the iridoviral metalloproteases caused early death of the larvae compared to control group. These data suggest that the CIV 136R and 165R ORFs encode functional metalloproteases. This study expands our knowledge about iridoviruses, describes the characterization of CIV matrix metalloproteinases, and might ultimately contribute to the use of this virus as a research tool.
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Autographa Californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Enters Host Cells via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Direct Fusion with the Plasma Membrane. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110632. [PMID: 30441758 PMCID: PMC6266293 DOI: 10.3390/v10110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell entry mechanism of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is not fully understood. Previous studies showed that AcMNPV entered host cells primarily through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and could efficiently infect cells via fusion with the plasma membrane after a low-pH trigger. However, whether AcMNPV enters cells via these two pathways simultaneously, and the exact manner in which AcMNPV particles are internalized into cells remains unclear. In this study, using single-virus tracking, we observed that AcMNPV particles were first captured by pre-existing clathrin-coated pits (CCP), and were then delivered to early endosomes. Population-based analysis of single-virus tracking and quantitative electron microscopy demonstrated that the majority of particles were captured by CCPs and internalized via invagination. In contrast, a minority of virus particles were not delivered to CCPs, and were internalized through direct fusion with the plasma membrane without invagination. Quantitative electron microscopy also showed that, while inhibition of CCP assembly significantly impaired viral internalization, inhibition of endosomal acidification blocked virus particles out of vesicles. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that approximately 90% of AcMNPV particles entered cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and 10% entered via direct fusion with the plasma membrane. This study will lead toward a better understanding of AcMNPV infection.
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Marino-Puertas L, Goulas T, Gomis-Rüth FX. Matrix metalloproteinases outside vertebrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2026-2035. [PMID: 28392403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family belongs to the metzincin clan of zinc-dependent metallopeptidases. Due to their enormous implications in physiology and disease, MMPs have mainly been studied in vertebrates. They are engaged in extracellular protein processing and degradation, and present extensive paralogy, with 23 forms in humans. One characteristic of MMPs is a ~165-residue catalytic domain (CD), which has been structurally studied for 14 MMPs from human, mouse, rat, pig and the oral-microbiome bacterium Tannerella forsythia. These studies revealed close overall coincidence and characteristic structural features, which distinguish MMPs from other metzincins and give rise to a sequence pattern for their identification. Here, we reviewed the literature available on MMPs outside vertebrates and performed database searches for potential MMP CDs in invertebrates, plants, fungi, viruses, protists, archaea and bacteria. These and previous results revealed that MMPs are widely present in several copies in Eumetazoa and higher plants (Tracheophyta), but have just token presence in eukaryotic algae. A few dozen sequences were found in Ascomycota (within fungi) and in double-stranded DNA viruses infecting invertebrates (within viruses). In contrast, a few hundred sequences were found in archaea and >1000 in bacteria, with several copies for some species. Most of the archaeal and bacterial phyla containing potential MMPs are present in human oral and gut microbiomes. Overall, MMP-like sequences are present across all kingdoms of life, but their asymmetric distribution contradicts the vertical descent model from a eubacterial or archaeal ancestor. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marino-Puertas
- Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, "María-de-Maeztu" Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park; c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theodoros Goulas
- Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, "María-de-Maeztu" Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park; c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain..
| | - F Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, "María-de-Maeztu" Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park; c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain..
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Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Pereira BT, Melo FL, Ribeiro BM, Báo SN, de A Zanotto PM, Moscardi F, Kitajima EW, Sosa-Gomez DR, Wolff JLC. A betabaculovirus encoding a gp64 homolog. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:94. [PMID: 26847652 PMCID: PMC4741009 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A betabaculovirus (DisaGV) was isolated from Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), one of the most important insect pests of the sugarcane and other monocot cultures in Brazil. Results The complete genome sequence of DisaGV was determined using the 454-pyrosequencing method. The genome was 98,392 bp long, which makes it the smallest lepidopteran-infecting baculovirus sequenced to date. It had a G + C content of 29.7 % encoding 125 putative open reading frames (ORF). All the 37 baculovirus core genes and a set of 19 betabaculovirus-specific genes were found. A group of 13 putative genes was not found in any other baculovirus genome sequenced so far. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that DisaGV is a member of Betabaculovirus genus and that it is a sister group to a cluster formed by ChocGV, ErelGV, PiraGV isolates, ClanGV, CaLGV, CpGV, CrleGV, AdorGV, PhopGV and EpapGV. Surprisingly, we found in the DisaGV genome a G protein-coupled receptor related to lepidopteran and other insect virus genes and a gp64 homolog, which is likely a product of horizontal gene transfer from Group 1 alphabaculoviruses. Conclusion DisaGV represents a distinct lineage of the genus Betabaculovirus. It is closely related to the CpGV-related group and presents the smallest genome in size so far. Remarkably, we found a homolog of gp64, which was reported solely in group 1 alphabaculovirus genomes so far. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2408-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M P Ardisson-Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Bruna T Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando L Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Bergmann M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Sônia N Báo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Paolo M de A Zanotto
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular e Bioinformática (LEMB-ICB), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Moscardi
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, Londrina, Paraná PR, Brazil
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- NAP/MEPA, Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel R Sosa-Gomez
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, Londrina, Paraná PR, Brazil.
| | - José L C Wolff
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Virologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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