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Li K, Feng KC, Simon M, Fu Y, Galanakis D, Mueller S, Rafailovich MH. Molecular Basis for Surface-Initiated Non-Thrombin-Generated Clot Formation Following Viral Infection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30703-30714. [PMID: 38848451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a model that connects two standard inflammatory responses to viral infection, namely, elevation of fibrinogen and the lipid drop shower, to the initiation of non-thrombin-generated clot formation. In order to understand the molecular basis for the formation of non-thrombin-generated clots following viral infection, human epithelial and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK, epithelial) cells were infected with H1N1, OC43, and adenovirus, and conditioned media was collected, which was later used to treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human lung microvascular endothelial cells. After direct infection or after exposure to conditioned media from infected cells, tissue surfaces of both epithelial and endothelial cells, exposed to 8 mg/mL fibrinogen, were observed to initiate fibrillogenesis in the absence of thrombin. No fibers were observed after direct viral exposure of the endothelium or when the epithelium cells were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 isolated spike proteins. Heating the conditioned media to 60 °C had no effect on fibrillogenesis, indicating that the effect was not enzymatic but rather associated with relatively thermally stable inflammatory factors released soon after viral infection. Spontaneous fibrillogenesis had previously been reported and interpreted as being due to the release of the alpha C domains due to strong interactions of the interior of the fibrinogen molecule in contact with hydrophobic material surfaces rather than cleavage of the fibrinopeptides. Contact angle goniometry and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate that the lipids produced within the epithelium and released in the conditioned media, probably after the death of infected epithelial cells, formed a hydrophobic residue responsible for fibrillogenesis. Hence, the standard inflammatory response constitutes the ideal conditions for surface-initiated clot formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao Li
- School of Biomedicine and Nursing, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, Shandong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kuan-Che Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Marcia Simon
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yuyang Fu
- Dongying Stem Cell Bank Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying 257000, Shandong, China
| | - Dennis Galanakis
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York 11720, United States
| | | | - Miriam H Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Ni Z, Wang J, Yu X, Wang Y, Wang J, He X, Li C, Deng G, Shi J, Kong H, Jiang Y, Chen P, Zeng X, Tian G, Chen H, Bu Z. Influenza virus uses mGluR2 as an endocytic receptor to enter cells. Nat Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41564-024-01713-x. [PMID: 38849624 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is initiated by the attachment of the viral haemagglutinin (HA) protein to sialic acid receptors on the host cell surface. Most virus particles enter cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). However, it is unclear how viral binding signals are transmitted through the plasma membrane triggering CME. Here we found that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2) and potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 (KCa1.1) are involved in the initiation and completion of CME of influenza virus using an siRNA screen approach. Influenza virus HA directly interacted with mGluR2 and used it as an endocytic receptor to initiate CME. mGluR2 interacted and activated KCa1.1, leading to polymerization of F-actin, maturation of clathrin-coated pits and completion of the CME of influenza virus. Importantly, mGluR2-knockout mice were significantly more resistant to different influenza subtypes than the wild type. Therefore, blocking HA and mGluR2 interaction could be a promising host-directed antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijun He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Pucheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Hu Y, Jiang L, Wang G, Song Y, Shan Z, Wang X, Deng G, Shi J, Tian G, Zeng X, Liu L, Chen H, Li C. M6PR interacts with the HA2 subunit of influenza A virus to facilitate the fusion of viral and endosomal membranes. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:579-595. [PMID: 38038885 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) commandeers numerous host cellular factors for successful replication. However, very few host factors have been revealed to be involved in the fusion of viral envelope and late endosomal membranes. In this study, we identified cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) as a crucial host factor for the replication of IAV. We found that siRNA knockdown of M6PR expression significantly reduced the growth titers of different subtypes of IAV, and that the inhibitory effect of M6PR siRNA treatment on IAV growth was overcome by the complement of exogenously expressed M6PR. When A549 cells were treated with siRNA targeting M6PR, the nuclear accumulation of viral nucleoprotein (NP) was dramatically inhibited at early timepoints post-infection, indicating that M6PR engages in the early stage of the IAV replication cycle. By investigating the role of M6PR in the individual entry and post-entry steps of IAV replication, we found that the downregulation of M6PR expression had no effect on attachment, internalization, early endosome trafficking, or late endosome acidification. However, we found that M6PR expression was critical for the fusion of viral envelope and late endosomal membranes. Of note, M6PR interacted with the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of IAV, and further studies showed that the lumenal domain of M6PR and the ectodomain of HA2 mediated the interaction and directly promoted the fusion of the viral and late endosomal membranes, thereby facilitating IAV replication. Together, our findings highlight the importance of the M6PR-HA interaction in the fusion of viral and late endosomal membranes during IAV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Guangwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yangming Song
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zhibo Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Guohua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jianzhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Guobin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Liling Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Chengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
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Spruit CM, Sweet IR, Maliepaard JCL, Bestebroer T, Lexmond P, Qiu B, Damen MJA, Fouchier RAM, Reiding KR, Snijder J, Herfst S, Boons GJ, de Vries RP. Contemporary human H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low threshold of suitable glycan receptors for efficient infection. Glycobiology 2023; 33:784-800. [PMID: 37471650 PMCID: PMC10629718 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human H3N2 influenza A viruses have evolved to employ elongated glycans terminating in α2,6-linked sialic acid as their receptors. These glycans are displayed in low abundancies by (humanized) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, which are commonly employed to propagate influenza A virus, resulting in low or no viral propagation. Here, we examined whether the overexpression of the glycosyltransferases β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, which are responsible for the elongation of poly-N-acetyllactosamines (LacNAcs), would result in improved A/H3N2 propagation. Stable overexpression of β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney and "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells was achieved by lentiviral integration and subsequent antibiotic selection and confirmed by qPCR and protein mass spectrometry experiments. Flow cytometry and glycan mass spectrometry experiments using the β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and/or β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 knock-in cells demonstrated increased binding of viral hemagglutinins and the presence of a larger number of LacNAc repeating units, especially on "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney-β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase cells. An increase in the number of glycan receptors did, however, not result in a greater infection efficiency of recent human H3N2 viruses. Based on these results, we propose that H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low number of suitable glycan receptors to infect cells and that an increase in the glycan receptor display above this threshold does not result in improved infection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R Sweet
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C L Maliepaard
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boning Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Van den Avont A, Sharma-Walia N. Anti-nucleolin aptamer AS1411: an advancing therapeutic. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1217769. [PMID: 37808518 PMCID: PMC10551449 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1217769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is highly desirable, as it allows for selective cytotoxicity on diseased cells without off-target side effects. Nucleolin is a remarkable target for cancer therapy given its high abundance, selective presence on the plasma membrane, and multifaceted influence on the initiation and progression of cancer. Nucleolin is a protein overexpressed on the cell membrane in many tumors and serves as a binding protein for several ligands implicated in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Nucleolin is present in the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, and nucleolus and is used by selected pathogens for cell entry. AS1411 is a guanosine-rich oligonucleotide aptamer that binds nucleolin and is internalized in the tumor cells. AS1411 is well tolerated at therapeutic doses and localizes to tumor cells overexpressing nucleolin. AS1411 has a good safety profile with efficacy in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and renal cell carcinoma producing mild or moderate side effects. The promising potential of AS1411 is its ability to be conjugated to drugs and nanoparticles. When a drug is bound to AS1411, the drug will localize to tumor cells leading to targeted therapy with fewer systemic side effects than traditional practices. AS1411 can also be bound to nanoparticles capable of detecting nucleolin at concentrations far lower than lab techniques used today for cancer diagnosis. AS1411 has a promising potential to change cancer diagnoses and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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Gonzalez CE, Ben Abdeljelil N, Pearson A. The Disruption of a Nuclear Export Signal in the C-Terminus of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Determinant of Pathogenicity UL24 Protein Leads to a Syncytial Plaque Phenotype. Viruses 2023; 15:1971. [PMID: 37766377 PMCID: PMC10535440 DOI: 10.3390/v15091971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UL24 of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has been shown to be a determinant of pathogenesis in mouse models of infection. The N-terminus of UL24 localizes to the nucleus and drives the redistribution of nucleolin and B23. In contrast, when expressed alone, the C-terminal domain of UL24 accumulates in the Golgi apparatus; its importance during infection is unknown. We generated a series of mammalian expression vectors encoding UL24 with nested deletions in the C-terminal domain. Interestingly, enhanced nuclear staining was observed for several UL24-deleted forms in transient transfection assays. The substitution of a threonine phosphorylation site had no effect on UL24 localization or viral titers in cell culture. In contrast, mutations targeting a predicted nuclear export signal (NES) significantly enhanced nuclear localization, indicating that UL24 is able to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Recombinant viruses that encode UL24-harboring substitutions in the NES led to the accumulation of UL24 in the nucleus. Treatment with the CRM-1-specific inhibitor leptomycin B blocked the nuclear export of UL24 in transfected cells but not in the context of infection. Viruses encoding UL24 with NES mutations resulted in a syncytial phenotype, but viral yield was unaffected. These results are consistent with a role for HSV-1 UL24 in late cytoplasmic events in HSV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Pearson
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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Li Z, He Y, Ge L, Quan R, Chen J, Hu Y, Sa R, Liu J, Ran D, Fu Q, Shi H. Berbamine, a bioactive alkaloid, suppresses equine herpesvirus type 1 in vitro and in vivo. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1163780. [PMID: 37303732 PMCID: PMC10247970 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1163780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) poses a global threat to equines. The anticancer agent berbamine (BBM), a bioactive alkaloid, has been shown to inhibit viral infection. However, whether BBM can inhibit EHV-1 infection remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of BBM treatment on EHV-1 infection. Quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunoblotting, the Reed-Muench method, and pathological examination were employed to study the ability of BBM to inhibit EHV-1 infection, viral DNA replication, viral protein production, virion secretion, and cytopathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro studies revealed that 10 μM BBM effectively suppressed EHV-1 viral entry into cells, viral DNA replication, and virion secretion, while the in vivo studies verified the ability of BBM to suppress EHV-1-induced damage of brain and lung tissues and animal mortality. These findings strongly suggest that BBM could be a serious contender in the therapeutic control of EHV-1 infection of equines.
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Mazel-Sanchez B, Niu C, Williams N, Bachmann M, Choltus H, Silva F, Serre-Beinier V, Karenovics W, Iwaszkiewicz J, Zoete V, Kaiser L, Hartley O, Wehrle-Haller B, Schmolke M. Influenza A virus exploits transferrin receptor recycling to enter host cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214936120. [PMID: 37192162 PMCID: PMC10214170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214936120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) enters host cells mostly through clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. A single bona fide entry receptor protein supporting this entry mechanism remains elusive. Here we performed proximity ligation of biotin to host cell surface proteins in the vicinity of attached trimeric hemagglutinin-HRP and characterized biotinylated targets using mass spectrometry. This approach identified transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) as a candidate entry protein. Genetic gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, as well as in vitro and in vivo chemical inhibition, confirmed the functional involvement of TfR1 in IAV entry. Recycling deficient mutants of TfR1 do not support entry, indicating that TfR1 recycling is essential for this function. The binding of virions to TfR1 via sialic acids confirmed its role as a directly acting entry factor, but unexpectedly even headless TfR1 promoted IAV particle uptake in trans. TIRF microscopy localized the entering virus-like particles in the vicinity of TfR1. Our data identify TfR1 recycling as a revolving door mechanism exploited by IAV to enter host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Mazel-Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chengyue Niu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalia Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélèna Choltus
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filo Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Justyna Iwaszkiewicz
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
- Computer-Aided Molecular Engineering Group, Department of Oncology (University of Lausanne and the Lausanne University Hospital), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, 1066Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center of Inflammation Research, University of Geneva, 1211Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Kumar N, Taily IM, Singh C, Kumar S, Rajmani RS, Chakraborty D, Sharma A, Singh P, Thakur KG, Varadarajan R, Ringe RP, Banerjee P, Banerjee I. Identification of diphenylurea derivatives as novel endocytosis inhibitors that demonstrate broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus both in vitro and in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011358. [PMID: 37126530 PMCID: PMC10174524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) poses enormous challenge in the development of broad-spectrum antivirals that are effective against the existing and emerging viral strains. Virus entry through endocytosis represents an attractive target for drug development, as inhibition of this early infection step should block downstream infection processes, and potentially inhibit viruses sharing the same entry route. In this study, we report the identification of 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) derivatives (DPUDs) as a new class of endocytosis inhibitors, which broadly restricted entry and replication of several SARS-CoV-2 and IAV strains. Importantly, the DPUDs did not induce any significant cytotoxicity at concentrations effective against the viral infections. Examining the uptake of cargoes specific to different endocytic pathways, we found that DPUDs majorly affected clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV utilize for cellular entry. In the DPUD-treated cells, although virus binding on the cell surface was unaffected, internalization of both the viruses was drastically reduced. Since compounds similar to the DPUDs were previously reported to transport anions including chloride (Cl-) across lipid membrane and since intracellular Cl- concentration plays a critical role in regulating vesicular trafficking, we hypothesized that the observed defect in endocytosis by the DPUDs could be due to altered Cl- gradient across the cell membrane. Using in vitro assays we demonstrated that the DPUDs transported Cl- into the cell and led to intracellular Cl- accumulation, which possibly affected the endocytic machinery by perturbing intracellular Cl- homeostasis. Finally, we tested the DPUDs in mice challenged with IAV and mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA 10). Treatment of the infected mice with the DPUDs led to remarkable body weight recovery, improved survival and significantly reduced lung viral load, highlighting their potential for development as broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar
- Cellular Virology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali), Mohali, India
| | - Irshad Maajid Taily
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Charandeep Singh
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Debajyoti Chakraborty
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajesh P. Ringe
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Cellular Virology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali), Mohali, India
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10
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Wang C, Wu W, Pang Z, Liu J, Qiu J, Luan T, Deng J, Fang Z. Polystyrene microplastics significantly facilitate influenza A virus infection of host cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130617. [PMID: 36623344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants which exist in various environments and pose a potential threat to human health. However, the effect of MP on respiratory pathogens-infected organisms is unknown. In order to explore the effect of MP on respiratory pathogen infection, we studied the effect of polystyrene microplastics (PS) on influenza A virus (IAV)-infected A549 cells. Western blot, qPCR, and viral plaque assay demonstrated that PS could promote IAV infection. Further study by bioluminescence imaging showed that a large number of IAV could be enriched on PS and entered cells through endocytosis. Meanwhile, the expression of IFITM3 in cells was significantly reduced. In addition, our results showed that PS down-regulated IRF3 and its active form P-IRF3 by down-regulating RIG-I and inhibiting TBK1 phosphorylation activation, which then significantly reduced IFN-β expression and affected the cellular innate antiviral immune system. Taken together, our results indicate the potential threat of MPs to respiratory diseases caused by IAV and provide new insights into human health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjiao Wu
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Zefen Pang
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong, China; School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxiang Qiu
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory 7 (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiewei Deng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhixin Fang
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Merino VF, Yan Y, Ordonez AA, Bullen CK, Lee A, Saeki H, Ray K, Huang T, Jain SK, Pomper MG. Nucleolin mediates SARS-CoV-2 replication and viral-induced apoptosis of host cells. Antiviral Res 2023; 211:105550. [PMID: 36740097 PMCID: PMC9896859 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Host-oriented antiviral therapeutics are promising treatment options to combat COVID-19 and its emerging variants. However, relatively little is known about the cellular proteins hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 for its replication. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 induces expression and cytoplasmic translocation of the nucleolar protein, nucleolin (NCL). NCL interacts with SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and co-localizes with N-protein in the nucleolus and in stress granules. Knockdown of NCL decreases the stress granule component G3BP1, viral replication and improved survival of infected host cells. NCL mediates viral-induced apoptosis and stress response via p53. SARS-CoV-2 increases NCL expression and nucleolar size and number in lungs of infected hamsters. Inhibition of NCL with the aptamer AS-1411 decreases viral replication and apoptosis of infected cells. These results suggest nucleolin as a suitable target for anti-COVID therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Merino
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yu Yan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - C Korin Bullen
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert Lee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Dai P, Ruan P, Mao Y, Tang Z, Qiu X, Bajinka O, Tan Y. Gimap5 promoted RSV degradation through interaction with M6PR. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28390. [PMID: 36484389 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens of viral pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and life-threatening diseases among infants and young children. GTPases of the immune-associated protein family (GIMAP) are new family members of immune-associated GTPases. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the function of the GIMAP family in coping with infection and stress. Gimap5 is a member of the GIMAP family, which may be correlated with anti-infectious immunity. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) were used to detect the expression of Gimap5, M6PR and IGF1R(the major RSV receptor). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect the degradation of RSV in Gimap5-overexpressed or -silent cell lines. Computer virtual screening was used to screen small molecule compounds targeting Gimap5 and the anti-RSV effects were explored through in vivo and in vitro experiments. GIMAP5 and M6PR were significantly downregulated after RSV infection. Gimap5 accelerated RSV degradation in lysosomes by interacting with M6PR, and further prevented RSV invasion by downregulating the expression of RSV surface receptor IGF1R. Three small molecule compounds targeting Gimap5 were confirmed to be the agonists of Gimap5. The three compounds effectively inhibited RSV infection and RSV-induced complications. Gimap5 promotes the degradation of RSV and its receptor through interacting with M6PR. Gimap5 agonists can effectively reduce RSV infection and RSV-induced complication in vivo and in vitro, which provides a new choice for the treatment of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Dai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Second Department of laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Pinglang Ruan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjie Qiu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Dabie bandavirus Nonstructural Protein Interacts with Actin to Induce F-Actin Rearrangement and Inhibit Viral Adsorption and Entry. J Virol 2022; 96:e0078822. [PMID: 35862701 PMCID: PMC9327694 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00788-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dabie bandavirus (DBV) is an emerging Bandavirus that causes multiorgan failure with a high fatality rate in humans. While many viruses can manipulate the actin cytoskeleton to facilitate viral growth, the regulation pattern of the actin cytoskeleton and the molecular mechanisms involved in DBV entry into the host cells remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of nonstructural protein (NSs) or infection with DBV induces actin rearrangement, which presents a point-like distribution, and this destruction is dependent on inclusion bodies (IBs). Further experiments showed that NSs inhibits viral adsorption by destroying the filopodium structure. In addition, NSs also compromised the viral entry by inhibiting clathrin aggregation on the cell surface and capturing clathrin into IBs. Furthermore, NSs induced clathrin light chain B (CLTB) degradation through the K48-linked ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which could negatively regulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis, inhibiting the viral entry. Finally, we confirmed that this NSs-induced antiviral mechanism is broadly applicable to other viruses, such as enterovirus 71 (EV71) and influenza virus, A/PR8/34 (PR8), which use the same clathrin-mediated endocytosis to enter host cells. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the role of NSs in inhibiting endocytosis and a novel strategy for treating DBV infections. IMPORTANCEDabie bandavirus (DBV), a member of the Phenuiviridae family, is a newly emerging tick-borne pathogen that causes multifunctional organ failure and even death in humans. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in various crucial cellular processes and plays an important role in viral life activities. However, the relationship between DBV infection and the actin cytoskeleton has not been described in detail. Here, we show for the first time the interaction between NSs and actin to induce actin rearrangement, which inhibits the viral adsorption and entry. We also identify a key mechanism underlying NSs-induced entry inhibition in which NSs prevents clathrin aggregation on the cell surface by hijacking clathrin into the inclusion body and induces CLTB degradation through the K48-linked ubiquitination modification. This paper is the first to reveal the antiviral mechanism of NSs and provides a theoretical basis for the search for new antiviral targets.
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14
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Wang D, Hou L, Zhu N, Yang X, Zhou J, Cui Y, Guo J, Feng X, Liu J. Interaction of Nucleolin with the Fusion Protein of Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup C Contributes to Viral Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071402. [PMID: 35891383 PMCID: PMC9317408 DOI: 10.3390/v14071402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV/C) is highly pathogenic to various avian species with acute respiratory tract clinicopathology and/or drops in egg production. Nucleolin (NCL), an important nucleolar protein, has been shown to regulate multiple viral replication and serve as a functional receptor for viral entry and internalization. Whether NCL is involved in aMPV/C pathogenesis is not known. In this study, we found that aMPV/C infection altered the subcellular localization of NCL in cultured cells. siRNA-targeted NCL resulted in a remarkable decline in aMPV/C replication in Vero cells. DF-1 cells showed a similar response after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of NCL during aMPV/C infection. Conversely, NCL overexpression significantly increased aMPV/C replication. Pretreatment with AS1411-a aptamer, a guanine (G)-rich oligonucleotide that forms four-stranded structures and competitively binding to NCL, decreased aMPV/C replication and viral titers in cultured cells. Additionally, we found that the aMPV/C fusion (F) protein specifically interacts with NCL through its central domain and that AS1411 disrupts this interaction, thus inhibiting viral replication. Taken together, these results reveal that the aMPV/C F protein interacts with NCL, which is employed by aMPV/C for efficient replication, thereby highlighting the strategic potential for control and therapy of aMPV/C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Wang
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Tonello F, Massimino ML, Peggion C. Nucleolin: a cell portal for viruses, bacteria, and toxins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:271. [PMID: 35503380 PMCID: PMC9064852 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main localization of nucleolin is the nucleolus, but this protein is present in multiple subcellular sites, and it is unconventionally secreted. On the cell surface, nucleolin acts as a receptor for various viruses, some bacteria, and some toxins. Aim of this review is to discuss the characteristics that make nucleolin able to act as receptor or co-receptor of so many and different pathogens. The important features that emerge are its multivalence, and its role as a bridge between the cell surface and the nucleus. Multiple domains, short linear motifs and post-translational modifications confer and modulate nucleolin ability to interact with nucleic acids, with proteins, but also with carbohydrates and lipids. This modular multivalence allows nucleolin to participate in different types of biomolecular condensates and to move to various subcellular locations, where it can act as a kind of molecular glue. It moves from the nucleus to the cell surface and can accompany particles in the reverse direction, from the cell surface into the nucleus, which is the destination of several pathogens to manipulate the cell in their favour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Tonello
- CNR of Italy, Neuroscience Institute, viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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16
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Song J, Quan R, Wang D, Liu J. Seneca Valley Virus 3C pro Mediates Cleavage and Redistribution of Nucleolin To Facilitate Viral Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0030422. [PMID: 35357201 PMCID: PMC9045095 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00304-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a recently discovered pathogen that poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. It has been shown that many viruses are reliant on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of nucleolin (NCL) for their own replication. Here, we demonstrate that NCL, a critical protein component of the nucleolus, is cleaved and translocated out of the nucleoli following SVV infection. Furthermore, our data suggest that SVV 3C protease (3Cpro) is responsible for this cleavage and subsequent delocalization from the nucleoli, and that inactivation of this protease activity abolished this cleavage and translocation. SVV 3Cpro cleaved NCL at residue Q545, and the cleavage fragment (aa 1 to 545) facilitated viral replication, which was similar to the activities described for full-length NCL. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown indicated that NCL is required for efficient viral replication and viral protein expression. In contrast, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NCL significantly enhanced viral replication. Taken together, these results indicate that SVV 3Cpro targets NCL for its cleavage and redistribution, which contributes to efficient viral replication, thereby emphasizing the potential target of antiviral strategies for the control of SVV infection. IMPORTANCE The nucleolus is a subnuclear cellular compartment, and nucleolin (NCL) resides predominantly in the nucleolus. NCL participates in viral replication, translation, internalization, and also serves as a receptor for virus entry. The interaction between NCL and SVV is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SVV 3Cpro targets NCL for its cleavage and nucleocytoplasmic transportation, which contributes to efficient viral replication. Our results reveal novel function of SVV 3Cpro and provide further insight into the mechanisms by which SVV utilizes nucleoli for efficient replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Fong CHY, Lu L, Chen LL, Yeung ML, Zhang AJ, Zhao H, Yuen KY, To KKW. Interferon-gamma inhibits influenza A virus cellular attachment by reducing sialic acid cluster size. iScience 2022; 25:104037. [PMID: 35330686 PMCID: PMC8938289 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal antiviral role of type I and III interferon in influenza virus infection is well established. However, much less is known about the antiviral mechanism of type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Here, we revealed an antiviral mechanism of interferon-gamma by inhibiting influenza A virus (IAV) attachment. By direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry, we have shown that interferon-gamma reduced the size of α-2,3 and α-2,6-linked sialic acid clusters, without changing the sialic acid or epidermal growth factor receptor expression levels, or the sialic acid density within cluster on the cell surface of A549 cells. Reversing the effect of interferon-gamma on sialic acid clustering by jasplakinolide reverted the cluster size, improved IAV attachment and replication. Our findings showed the importance of sialic acid clustering in IAV attachment and infection. We also demonstrated the interference of sialic acid clustering as an anti-IAV mechanism of IFN-gamma for IAV infection. IFN-γ inhibits IAV replication IFN-γ reduces IAV attachment and infection by reducing sialic acid cluster size Reduction of sialic acid cluster size partially depends on F-actin depolymerization Higher sialic acid expression level does not correlate with increase IAV attachment
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ho-Yan Fong
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Lung Yeung
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
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18
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Sriwilaijaroen N, Suzuki Y. Roles of Glycans and Non-glycans on the Epithelium and in the Immune System in H1-H18 Influenza A Virus Infections. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2556:205-242. [PMID: 36175637 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2635-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The large variation of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in various susceptible hosts and their rapid evolution, which allows host/tissue switching, host immune escape, vaccine escape, and drug resistance, are difficult challenges for influenza control in all countries worldwide. Access and binding of the IAV to actual receptors at endocytic sites is critical for the establishment of influenza infection. In this chapter, the progress in identification of and roles of glycans and non-glycans on the epithelium and in the immune system in H1-H18 IAV infections are reviewed. The first part of the review is on current knowledge of H1-H16 IAV receptors on the epithelium including sialyl glycans, other negatively charged glycans, and annexins. The second part of the review focuses on H1-H16 IAV receptors in the immune system including acidic surfactant phospholipids, Sia on surfactant proteins, the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of surfactant proteins, Sia on mucins, Sia and C-type lectins on macrophages and dendritic cells, and Sia on NK cells. The third part of the review is about a possible H17-H18 IAV receptor. Binding of these receptors to IAVs may result in inhibition or enhancement of IAV infection depending on their location, host cell type, and IAV strain. Among these receptors, host sialyl glycans are key determinants of viral hemagglutinin (HA) lectins for H1-H16 infections. HA must acquire mutations to bind to sialyl glycans that are dominant on a new target tissue when switching to a new host for efficient transmission and to bind to long sialyl glycans found in the case of seasonal HAs with multiple glycosylation sites as a consequence of immune evasion. Although sialyl receptors/C-type lectins on immune cells are decoy receptors/pathogen recognition receptors for capturing viral HA lectin/glycans protecting HA antigenic sites, some IAV strains do not escape, such as by release with neuraminidase, but hijack these molecules to gain entry and replication in immune cells. An understanding of the virus-host battle tactics at the receptor level might lead to the establishment of novel strategies for effective control of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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19
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Shang Z, Tan S, Ma D. Respiratory syncytial virus: from pathogenesis to potential therapeutic strategies. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4073-4091. [PMID: 34671221 PMCID: PMC8495404 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important viral pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly and people with poor immune function, which causes a huge disease burden worldwide every year. It has been more than 60 years since RSV was discovered, and the palivizumab monoclonal antibody, the only approved specific treatment, is limited to use for passive immunoprophylaxis in high-risk infants; no other intervention has been approved to date. However, in the past decade, substantial progress has been made in characterizing the structure and function of RSV components, their interactions with host surface molecules, and the host innate and adaptive immune response to infection. In addition, basic and important findings have also piqued widespread interest among researchers and pharmaceutical companies searching for effective interventions for RSV infection. A large number of promising monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors have been screened, and new vaccine candidates have been designed for clinical evaluation. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structural composition, host cell surface receptors and life cycle of RSV virions. Then, we discuss the latest findings related to the pathogenesis of RSV. We also focus on the latest clinical progress in the prevention and treatment of RSV infection through the development of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and small-molecule inhibitors. Finally, we look forward to the prospects and challenges of future RSV research and clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Shang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 518026 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101Beijing, China
| | - Dongli Ma
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 518026 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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20
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Acetylation, Methylation and Allysine Modification Profile of Viral and Host Proteins during Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071415. [PMID: 34372620 PMCID: PMC8310381 DOI: 10.3390/v13071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein modifications dynamically occur and regulate biological processes in all organisms. Towards understanding the significance of protein modifications in influenza virus infection, we performed a global mass spectrometry screen followed by bioinformatics analyses of acetylation, methylation and allysine modification in human lung epithelial cells in response to influenza A virus infection. We discovered 8 out of 10 major viral proteins and 245 out of 2280 host proteins detected to be differentially modified by three modifications in infected cells. Some of the identified proteins were modified on multiple amino acids residues and by more than one modification; the latter occurred either on different or same residues. Most of the modified residues in viral proteins were conserved across >40 subtypes of influenza A virus, and influenza B or C viruses and located on the protein surface. Importantly, many of those residues have already been determined to be critical for the influenza A virus. Similarly, many modified residues in host proteins were conserved across influenza A virus hosts like humans, birds, and pigs. Finally, host proteins undergoing the three modifications clustered in common functional networks of metabolic, cytoskeletal, and RNA processes, all of which are known to be exploited by the influenza A virus.
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21
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Sempere Borau M, Stertz S. Entry of influenza A virus into host cells - recent progress and remaining challenges. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 48:23-29. [PMID: 33838498 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are a major burden for human health and thus the topic of intense research efforts. The entry of IAV into host cells is of particular interest as early infection steps are the ideal target for intervention strategies. Here, we review recent key findings in the field of IAV entry. Specifically, we discuss the identification of novel entry receptors, the emerging role of the viral neuraminidase in entry, as well as recent progress from structural studies on the viral hemagglutinin during the fusion process and the viral matrix protein involved in virus uncoating. We also highlight remaining gaps in our understanding of IAV entry and point out important questions for ongoing research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Overeem NJ, van der Vries E, Huskens J. A Dynamic, Supramolecular View on the Multivalent Interaction between Influenza Virus and Host Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007214. [PMID: 33682339 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how influenza viruses traverse the mucus and recognize host cells is critical for evaluating their zoonotic potential, and for prevention and treatment of the disease. The surface of the influenza A virus is covered with the receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin and the receptor-cleaving enzyme neuraminidase, which jointly control the interactions between the virus and the host cell. These proteins are organized in closely spaced trimers and tetramers to facilitate multivalent interactions with sialic acid-terminated glycans. This review shows that the individually weak multivalent interactions of influenza viruses allow superselective binding, virus-induced recruitment of receptors, and the formation of dynamic complexes that facilitate molecular walking. Techniques to measure the avidity and receptor specificity of influenza viruses are reviewed, and the pivotal role of multivalent interactions with their emergent properties in crossing the mucus and entering host cells is discussed. A model is proposed for the initiation of cell entry through virus-induced receptor clustering. The multivalent interactions of influenza viruses are maintained in a dynamic regime by a functional balance between binding and cleaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Overeem
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Royal GD, Arnsbergstraat 7, Deventer, 7418 EZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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23
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Mastrangelo P, Chin AA, Tan S, Jeon AH, Ackerley CA, Siu KK, Lee JE, Hegele RG. Identification of RSV Fusion Protein Interaction Domains on the Virus Receptor, Nucleolin. Viruses 2021; 13:261. [PMID: 33567674 PMCID: PMC7915953 DOI: 10.3390/v13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin is an essential cellular receptor to human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Pharmacological targeting of the nucleolin RNA binding domain RBD1,2 can inhibit RSV infections in vitro and in vivo; however, the site(s) on RBD1,2 which interact with RSV are not known. We undertook a series of experiments designed to: document RSV-nucleolin co-localization on the surface of polarized MDCK cells using immunogold electron microscopy, to identify domains on nucleolin that physically interact with RSV using biochemical methods and determine their biological effects on RSV infection in vitro, and to carry out structural analysis toward informing future RSV drug development. Results of immunogold transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed RSV-nucleolin co-localization on the cell surface, as would be expected for a viral receptor. RSV, through its fusion protein (RSV-F), physically interacts with RBD1,2 and these interactions can be competitively inhibited by treatment with Palivizumab or recombinant RBD1,2. Treatment with synthetic peptides derived from two 12-mer domains of RBD1,2 inhibited RSV infection in vitro, with structural analysis suggesting these domains are potentially feasible for targeting in drug development. In conclusion, the identification and characterization of domains of nucleolin that interact with RSV provide the essential groundwork toward informing design of novel nucleolin-targeting compounds in RSV drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mastrangelo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (P.M.); (A.A.C.); (S.T.); (A.H.J.); (C.A.A.); (K.K.S.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Allysia A. Chin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (P.M.); (A.A.C.); (S.T.); (A.H.J.); (C.A.A.); (K.K.S.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Stephanie Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (P.M.); (A.A.C.); (S.T.); (A.H.J.); (C.A.A.); (K.K.S.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Amy H. Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (P.M.); (A.A.C.); (S.T.); (A.H.J.); (C.A.A.); (K.K.S.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Cameron A. Ackerley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (P.M.); (A.A.C.); (S.T.); (A.H.J.); (C.A.A.); (K.K.S.); (J.E.L.)
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Karen K. Siu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (P.M.); (A.A.C.); (S.T.); (A.H.J.); (C.A.A.); (K.K.S.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Jeffrey E. Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (P.M.); (A.A.C.); (S.T.); (A.H.J.); (C.A.A.); (K.K.S.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Richard G. Hegele
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (P.M.); (A.A.C.); (S.T.); (A.H.J.); (C.A.A.); (K.K.S.); (J.E.L.)
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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24
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Cancer Stem Cells and Nucleolin as Drivers of Carcinogenesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010060. [PMID: 33451077 PMCID: PMC7828541 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, one of the most mortal diseases worldwide, is characterized by the gain of specific features and cellular heterogeneity. Clonal evolution is an established theory to explain heterogeneity, but the discovery of cancer stem cells expanded the concept to include the hierarchical growth and plasticity of cancer cells. The activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its molecular players are widely correlated with the presence of cancer stem cells in tumors. Moreover, the acquisition of certain oncological features may be partially attributed to alterations in the levels, location or function of nucleolin, a multifunctional protein involved in several cellular processes. This review aims at integrating the established hallmarks of cancer with the plasticity of cancer cells as an emerging hallmark; responsible for tumor heterogeneity; therapy resistance and relapse. The discussion will contextualize the involvement of nucleolin in the establishment of cancer hallmarks and its application as a marker protein for targeted anticancer therapies
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25
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Alon R, Sportiello M, Kozlovski S, Kumar A, Reilly EC, Zarbock A, Garbi N, Topham DJ. Leukocyte trafficking to the lungs and beyond: lessons from influenza for COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:49-64. [PMID: 33214719 PMCID: PMC7675406 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of the fundamental processes underlying the versatile clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is incomplete without comprehension of how different immune cells are recruited to various compartments of virus-infected lungs, and how this recruitment differs among individuals with different levels of disease severity. As in other respiratory infections, leukocyte recruitment to the respiratory system in people with COVID-19 is orchestrated by specific leukocyte trafficking molecules, and when uncontrolled and excessive it results in various pathological complications, both in the lungs and in other organs. In the absence of experimental data from physiologically relevant animal models, our knowledge of the trafficking signals displayed by distinct vascular beds and epithelial cell layers in response to infection by SARS-CoV-2 is still incomplete. However, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus elicit partially conserved inflammatory responses in the different respiratory epithelial cells encountered early in infection and may trigger partially overlapping combinations of trafficking signals in nearby blood vessels. Here, we review the molecular signals orchestrating leukocyte trafficking to airway and lung compartments during primary pneumotropic influenza virus infections and discuss potential similarities to distinct courses of primary SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also discuss how an imbalance in vascular activation by leukocytes outside the airways and lungs may contribute to extrapulmonary inflammatory complications in subsets of patients with COVID-19. These multiple molecular pathways are potential targets for therapeutic interventions in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Mike Sportiello
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stav Kozlovski
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ashwin Kumar
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Reilly
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David J Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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26
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Anti-Influenza Activity of the Ribonuclease Binase: Cellular Targets Detected by Quantitative Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218294. [PMID: 33167434 PMCID: PMC7663932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpredictable influenza pandemics, annual epidemics, and sporadic poultry-to-human avian influenza virus infections with high morbidity and mortality rates dictate a need to develop new antiviral approaches. Targeting cellular pathways and processes is a promising antiviral strategy shown to be effective regardless of viral subtypes or viral evolution of drug-resistant variants. Proteomics-based searches provide a tool to reveal the druggable stages of the virus life cycle and to understand the putative antiviral mode of action of the drug(s). Ribonucleases (RNases) of different origins not only demonstrate antiviral effects that are mediated by the direct RNase action on viral and cellular RNAs but can also exert their impact by signal transduction modulation. To our knowledge, studies of the RNase-affected cell proteome have not yet been performed. To reveal cellular targets and explain the mechanisms underlying the antiviral effect employed by the small extra-cellular ribonuclease of Bacillus pumilus (binase) both in vitro and in vivo, qualitative shotgun and quantitative targeted proteomic analyses of the influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1pdm09-infected A549 cells upon binase treatment were performed. We compared proteomes of mock-treated, binase-treated, virus-infected, and virus-infected binase-treated cells to determine the proteins affected by IAV and/or binase. In general, IAV demonstrated a downregulating strategy towards cellular proteins, while binase had an upregulating effect. With the help of bioinformatics approaches, coregulated cellular protein sets were defined and assigned to their biological function; a possible interconnection with the progression of viral infection was conferred. Most of the proteins downregulated by IAV (e.g., AKR1B1, AKR1C1, CCL5, PFN1, RAN, S100A4, etc.) belong to the processes of cellular metabolism, response to stimulus, biological regulation, and cellular localization. Upregulated proteins upon the binase treatment (e.g., AKR1B10, CAP1, HNRNPA2B1, PFN1, PPIA, YWHAB, etc.) are united by the processes of biological regulation, cellular localization, and immune and metabolic processes. The antiviral activity of binase against IAV was expressed by the inversion of virus-induced proteomic changes, resulting in the inhibition of virus-associated processes, including nuclear ribonucleoprotein export (NCL, NPM1, Nup205, and Bax proteins involved) and cytoskeleton remodeling (RDX, PFN1, and TUBB) induced by IAV at the middle stage of single-cycle infection in A549 cells. Modulation of the immune response could be involved as well. Overall, it seems possible that binase exerts its antiviral effects in multiple ways.
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27
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Lee EK, Tian H, Nakaya HI. Antigenicity prediction and vaccine recommendation of human influenza virus A (H3N2) using convolutional neural networks. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2690-2708. [PMID: 32750260 PMCID: PMC7734114 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1734397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of influenza A viruses poses a great challenge to vaccine development. Analytical and machine learning models have been applied to facilitate the process of antigenicity determination. In this study, we designed deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict Influenza antigenicity. Our model is the first that systematically analyzed 566 amino acid properties and 141 amino acid substitution matrices for their predictability. We then optimized the structure of the CNNs using particle swarm optimization. The optimal neural networks outperform other predictive models with a blind validation accuracy of 95.8%. Further, we applied our model to vaccine recommendations in the period 1997 to 2011 and contrasted the performance of previous vaccine recommendations using traditional experimental approaches. The results show that our model outperforms the WHO recommendation and other existing models and could potentially improve the vaccine recommendation process. Our results show that WHO often selects virus strains with small variation from year to year and learns slowly and recovers once coverage dips very low. In contrast, the influenza strains selected via our CNN model can differ quite drastically from year to year and exhibit consistently good coverage. In summary, we have designed a comprehensive computational pipeline for optimizing a CNN in the modeling of Influenza A antigenicity and vaccine recommendation. It is more cost and time-effective when compared to traditional hemagglutination inhibition assay analysis. The modeling framework is flexible and can be adopted to study other type of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Lee
- Center for Operations Research in Medicine and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haozheng Tian
- Center for Operations Research in Medicine and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Wang X, Zheng T, Lin L, Zhang Y, Peng X, Yan Y, Lei J, Zhou J, Hu B. Influenza A Virus Induces Autophagy by Its Hemagglutinin Binding to Cell Surface Heat Shock Protein 90AA1. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:566348. [PMID: 33117314 PMCID: PMC7575715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.566348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can be utilized by the influenza A virus (IAV) to facilitate its replication. However, whether autophagy is induced at the stage of IAV entry is still unclear. Here, we report that IAV induces autophagy by hemagglutinin (HA) binding to heat shock protein 90AA1 (HSP90AA1) distributed on the cell surface. Virus overlay protein binding assay and pull-down assay indicated that IAV HA bound directly to cell surface HSP90AA1. Knockdown of HSP90AA1 weakened H1N1 infection. Incubation of IAV viral particles with recombinant HSP90AA1 or prior blockade of A549 cells with an anti-HSP90AA1 antibody could inhibit attachment of IAV. Moreover, we found that recombinant HA1 protein binding to cell surface HSP90AA1 was sufficient to induce autophagy through the AKT-MTOR pathway. Our study reveals that the HSP90AA1 on cell surface participates in IAV entry by directing binding to the HA1 subunit of IAV and subsequently induces autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tuyuan Zheng
- Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yina Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiran Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Center of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Fang L, Wang KK, Huang Q, Cheng F, Huang F, Liu WW. Nucleolin Mediates LPS-induced Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Activation of Signaling Pathways. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:646-653. [PMID: 32862374 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of nucleolin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of MAPK and NF-KappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 in THP-1 monocytes. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to identify the nucleolin expression in cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus of THP-1 monocytes. Inactivation of nucleolin was induced by neutralizing antibody against nucleolin. THP-1 monocytes were pretreated with anti-nucleolin antibody for 1 h prior to LPS challenge. The irrelevant IgG group was used as control. Secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1) and activation of MAPK and NF-κB/I-κB signaling pathways were examined to assess the effects of nucleolin on LPS-mediated inflammatory response. Nucleolin existed in cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus of THP-1 monocytes. Pretreatment of anti-nucleolin antibody significantly inhibited the LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1. P38, JNK, ERK and NF-κB subunit p65 inhibitors could significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB1 induced by LPS. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK and p65 (or nuclear translocation of p65) was significantly increased after LPS challenge. In contrast, pretreatment of anti-nucleolin antibody could significantly inhibit the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK and p65 (or nuclear translocation of p65). However, the irrelevant IgG, as a negative control, had no effect on LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β and phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK and p65 (or nuclear translocation of p65). We demonstrated that nucleolin mediated the LPS-induced activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and regulated the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Kang-Kai Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410008, China
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30
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Breaking the Convention: Sialoglycan Variants, Coreceptors, and Alternative Receptors for Influenza A Virus Entry. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01357-19. [PMID: 31776280 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01357-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) envelope protein hemagglutinin binds α2,6- or α2,3-linked sialic acid as a host cell receptor. Bat IAV subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 form an exception to this rule and do not bind sialic acid but enter cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Here, we review current knowledge on IAV receptors with a focus on sialoglycan variants, protein coreceptors, and alternative receptors that impact IAV attachment and internalization beyond the well-described sialic acid binding.
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31
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Dong D, Zhu S, Miao Q, Zhu J, Tang A, Qi R, Liu T, Yin D, Liu G. Nucleolin (NCL) inhibits the growth of peste des petits ruminants virus. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:33-43. [PMID: 31794379 PMCID: PMC7414435 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants that is caused by peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). To date, the molecular mechanism of PPRV infection is still unclear. It is well known that host proteins might be involved in the pathogenesis process for many viruses. In this study, we first proved that nucleolin (NCL), a highly conserved host factor, interacts with the core domain of PPRV N protein through its C terminus and co-locates with the N protein in the nucleus of cells. To investigate the role of NCL in PPRV infection, the expression level of NCL was inhibited with small interfering RNAs of NCL, and the results showed that PPRV growth was improved. However, the proliferation of PPRV was inhibited when the expression level of NCL was improved. Further analysis indicated that the inhibitory effect of NCL on the PPRV was caused by stimulating the interferon (IFN) pathways in host cells. In summary, our results will help us to understand the mechanism of PPRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dong
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Zhu
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Miao
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Aoxing Tang
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Ruibin Qi
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Teng Liu
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Dongdong Yin
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
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Gao Z, Hu J, Wang X, Yang Q, Liang Y, Ma C, Liu D, Liu K, Hao X, Gu M, Liu X, Jiao XA, Liu X. The PA-interacting host protein nucleolin acts as an antiviral factor during highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2775-2786. [PMID: 29974255 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase acidic (PA) protein is a multifunctional regulator of influenza A virus (IAV) replication and pathogenesis. In a previous study, we reported that nucleolin (NCL) is a novel PA-interacting host protein. In this study, we further explored the role of NCL during highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. We found that depletion of endogenous NCL in mammalian cells by siRNA targeting during H5N1 infection resulted in significantly increased viral polymerase activity, elevated viral mRNA, cRNA and vRNA synthesis, accelerated viral replication, and enhanced apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, siRNA silencing of NCL significantly exacerbated the inflammatory response, resulting in increased secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β, CCL-4, CCL-8, IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ. Conversely, overexpression of NCL significantly decreased IAV replication. Collectively, these data show that NCL acts as a novel potential antiviral factor during H5N1 infection. Further studies exploring the antiviral mechanisms of NCL may accelerate the development of new anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunxi Ma
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Zhu J, Miao Q, Tang J, Wang X, Dong D, Liu T, Qi R, Yang Z, Liu G. Nucleolin mediates the internalization of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus through clathrin-dependent endocytosis. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007383. [PMID: 30339712 PMCID: PMC6209375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is an important member of the Caliciviridae family and a highly lethal pathogen in rabbits. Although the cell receptor of RHDV has been identified, the mechanism underlying RHDV internalization remains unknown. In this study, the entry and post-internalization of RHDV into host cells were investigated using several biochemical inhibitors and RNA interference. Our data demonstrate that rabbit nucleolin (NCL) plays a key role in RHDV internalization. Further study revealed that NCL specifically interacts with the RHDV capsid protein (VP60) through its N-terminal residues (aa 285-318), and the exact position of the VP60 protein for the interaction with NCL is located in a highly conserved region (472Asp-Val-Asn474; DVN motif). Following competitive blocking of the interaction between NCL and VP60 with an artificial DVN peptide (RRTGDVNAAAGSTNGTQ), the internalization efficiency of the virus was markedly reduced. Moreover, NCL also interacts with the C-terminal residues of clathrin light chain A, which is an important component in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In addition, the results of animal experiments also demonstrated that artificial DVN peptides protected most rabbits from RHDV infection. These findings demonstrate that NCL is involved in RHDV internalization through clathrin-dependent endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Miao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyu Tang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Teng Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruibin Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhibiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Hu J, Ma C, Liu X. PA-X: a key regulator of influenza A virus pathogenicity and host immune responses. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:255-269. [PMID: 29974232 PMCID: PMC7086933 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PA-X, a fusion protein belonging to influenza A viruses (IAVs), integrating the N-terminal 191 amino acids of PA gene and the ribosomal frame-shifting product that lengthens out to 41 or 61 amino acids. Since its discovery in 2012, multiple functions have been attributed to this small protein, including a process, where wide-spread protein synthesis in infected host cells is shut down (called host shutoff), and viral replication, polymerase activity, viral-induced cell apoptosis, PA nuclear localization, and virulence are modulated. However, many of its proposed functions may be specific to strain, subtype, host, or cell line. In this review, we start by describing the well-defined global host-shutoff ability of PA-X and the potential mechanisms underlying it. We move on to the role played by PA-X in modulating innate and acquired immune responses in the host. We then systematically discuss the role played by PA-X in modulating the virulence of influenza viruses of different subtypes and host origins, and finish with a general overview of the research advances made in identifying the host cell partners that interact with PA-X. To uncover possible clues about the differential effects of PA-X in modulating viral virulence, we focus on systemically evaluating polymorphisms in PA-X from various viral subtypes and hosts, including avian and human H5N1, H5N6, H9N2, and H7N9 viruses. Finally, we conclude with a proposition regarding the possible future research directions for this important protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunxi Ma
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Chu H, Chan CM, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yuan S, Zhou J, Au-Yeung RKH, Sze KH, Yang D, Shuai H, Hou Y, Li C, Zhao X, Poon VKM, Leung SP, Yeung ML, Yan J, Lu G, Jin DY, Gao GF, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and bat coronavirus HKU9 both can utilize GRP78 for attachment onto host cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11709-11726. [PMID: 29887526 PMCID: PMC6066311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus tropism is predominantly determined by the interaction between
coronavirus spikes and the host receptors. In this regard, coronaviruses have
evolved a complicated receptor-recognition system through their spike proteins.
Spikes from highly related coronaviruses can recognize distinct receptors,
whereas spikes of distant coronaviruses can employ the same cell-surface
molecule for entry. Moreover, coronavirus spikes can recognize a broad range of
cell-surface molecules in addition to the receptors and thereby can augment
coronavirus attachment or entry. The receptor of Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). In this study,
we identified membrane-associated 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) as an
additional binding target of the MERS-CoV spike. Further analyses indicated that
GRP78 could not independently render nonpermissive cells susceptible to MERS-CoV
infection but could facilitate MERS-CoV entry into permissive cells by
augmenting virus attachment. More importantly, by exploring potential
interactions between GRP78 and spikes of other coronaviruses, we discovered that
the highly conserved human GRP78 could interact with the spike protein of bat
coronavirus HKU9 (bCoV-HKU9) and facilitate its attachment to the host cell
surface. Taken together, our study has identified GRP78 as a host factor that
can interact with the spike proteins of two Betacoronaviruses,
the lineage C MERS-CoV and the lineage D bCoV-HKU9. The capacity of GRP78 to
facilitate surface attachment of both a human coronavirus and a phylogenetically
related bat coronavirus exemplifies the need for continuous surveillance of the
evolution of animal coronaviruses to monitor their potential for human
adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Chu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases.,Departments of Microbiology and
| | - Che-Man Chan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases.,Departments of Microbiology and
| | | | | | | | - Jie Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases.,Departments of Microbiology and
| | | | - Kong-Hung Sze
- From the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases.,Departments of Microbiology and
| | | | | | | | - Cun Li
- Departments of Microbiology and
| | | | | | | | - Man-Lung Yeung
- From the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases.,Departments of Microbiology and.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection
| | - Jinghua Yan
- the CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
| | - Guangwen Lu
- the West China Hospital Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, and
| | | | - George Fu Gao
- the CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101.,the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, .,Departments of Microbiology and.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, .,Departments of Microbiology and.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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36
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Yan Y, Du Y, Wang G, Li K. Non-structural protein 1 of H3N2 influenza A virus induces nucleolar stress via interaction with nucleolin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17761. [PMID: 29259342 PMCID: PMC5736645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is a stress sensor associated with cell cycle progression and a central hub for the replication of pathogenic RNA viruses. However, the role of nucleolus in influenza A virus infection has not been well studied. Here we show that the interaction between NS1 protein of influenza A/Shantou/602/06 (H3N2) and nucleolin, a ubiquitous protein of nucleolus repressed RNA Pol I-dependent transcription via establishing hyper-methylation in the UCE of rRNA gene promoter. NS1 expressed cells showed significant association of ribosomal proteins with MDM2, and p53 accumulation, suggesting induced nucleolar stress. Disruption of the interaction of NS1 with nucleolin or overexpression of nucleolin in NS1 expressed cells revived RNA Pol I-dependent transcription, indicating nucleolin could be one target for NS1 to repress rRNA synthesis of host cells. Our present study suggests that NS1 protein of H3N2 could induce nucleolar stress based on epigenetic alteration of rRNA gene promoter via interaction with nucleolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology of Guangdong Province, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongming Du
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology of Guangdong Province, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology of Guangdong Province, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology of Guangdong Province, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Jia W, Yao Z, Zhao J, Guan Q, Gao L. New perspectives of physiological and pathological functions of nucleolin (NCL). Life Sci 2017; 186:1-10. [PMID: 28751161 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein that mainly localized in the nucleolus, it is also found in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and cell membrane. The three main structural domains allow the interaction of NCL with different proteins and RNA sequences. Moreover, specific post-translational modifications and its shuttling property also contribute to its multifunctionality. NCL has been demonstrated to be involved in a variety of aspects such as ribosome biogenesis, chromatin organization and stability, DNA and RNA metabolism, cytokinesis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis regulation, stress response and microRNA processing. NCL has been increasingly implicated in several pathological processes, especially in tumorigenesis and viral infection, which makes NCL a potential target for the development of anti-tumor and anti-viral strategies. In this review, we present an overview on the structure, localizations and various functions of NCL, and further describe how the multiple functions of NCL are correlated to its multiple cellular distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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38
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Bates PJ, Reyes-Reyes EM, Malik MT, Murphy EM, O'Toole MG, Trent JO. G-quadruplex oligonucleotide AS1411 as a cancer-targeting agent: Uses and mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1414-1428. [PMID: 28007579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AS1411 is a 26-mer G-rich DNA oligonucleotide that forms a variety of G-quadruplex structures. It was identified based on its cancer-selective antiproliferative activity and subsequently determined to be an aptamer to nucleolin, a multifunctional protein that preferentially binds quadruplex nucleic acids and which is present at high levels on the surface of cancer cells. AS1411 has exceptionally efficient cellular internalization compared to non-quadruplex DNA sequences. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent developments related to AS1411 will be examined, with a focus on its use for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Numerous research groups have used AS1411 as a targeting agent to deliver nanoparticles, oligonucleotides, and small molecules into cancer cells. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that AS1411-linked materials can accumulate selectively in tumors following systemic administration. The mechanism underlying the cancer-targeting ability of AS1411 is not completely understood, but recent studies suggest a model that involves: (1) initial uptake by macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis prevalent in cancer cells; (2) stimulation of macropinocytosis by a nucleolin-dependent mechanism resulting in further uptake; and (3) disruption of nucleolin-mediated trafficking and efflux leading to cargoes becoming trapped inside cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Human trials have indicated that AS1411 is safe and can induce durable remissions in a few patients, but new strategies are needed to maximize its clinical impact. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which AS1411 targets and kills cancer cells may hasten the development of promising technologies using AS1411-linked nanoparticles or conjugates for cancer-targeted therapy and imaging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad T Malik
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Emily M Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Martin G O'Toole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Louisville, USA
| | - John O Trent
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
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Gao Z, Hu J, Liang Y, Yang Q, Yan K, Liu D, Wang X, Gu M, Liu X, Hu S, Hu Z, Liu H, Liu W, Chen S, Peng D, Jiao XA, Liu X. Generation and Comprehensive Analysis of Host Cell Interactome of the PA Protein of the Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in Mammalian Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:739. [PMID: 28503168 PMCID: PMC5408021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data have identified the important roles of PA protein in replication and pathogenicity of influenza A virus (IAV). Identification of host factors that interact with the PA protein may accelerate our understanding of IAV pathogenesis. In this study, using immunoprecipitation assay combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 278 human cellular proteins that might interact with PA of H5N1 IAV. Gene Ontology annotation revealed that the identified proteins are highly associated with viral translation and replication. Further KEGG pathway analysis of the interactome profile highlighted cellular pathways associated with translation, infectious disease, and signal transduction. In addition, Diseases and Functions analysis suggested that these cellular proteins are highly related with Organismal Injury and Abnormalities and Cell Death and Survival. Moreover, two cellular proteins (nucleolin and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1-alpha 1) identified both in this study and others were further validated to interact with PA using co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays. Therefore, this study presented the interactome data of H5N1 IAV PA protein in human cells which may provide novel cellular target proteins for elucidating the potential molecular functions of PA in regulating the lifecycle of IAV in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Huimou Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
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40
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Kumar D, Broor S, Rajala MS. Interaction of Host Nucleolin with Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein in the Early Phase of Infection Limits the Late Viral Gene Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164146. [PMID: 27711134 PMCID: PMC5053498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein, is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein, encoded by segment-5 of the negative sense RNA genome. It serves as a key connector between the virus and the host during virus replication. It continuously shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus interacting with various host cellular factors. In the current study, host proteins interacting with nucleoprotein of Influenza A virus of H1N1 2009 pandemic strain were identified by co-immunoprecipitation studies followed by MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. Here we report the host nucleolin, a major RNA-binding protein of the nucleolus as a novel interacting partner to influenza A virus nucleoprotein. We thus, explored the implications of this interaction in virus life cycle and our studies have shown that these two proteins interact early during infection in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Depletion of nucleolin in A549 cells by siRNA targeting endogenous nucleolin followed by influenza A virus infection, disrupted its interaction with viral nucleoprotein, resulting in increased expression of gene transcripts encoding late viral proteins; matrix (M1) and hemagglutinin (HA) in infected cells. On the contrary, over expression of nucleolin in cells transiently transfected with pEGFP-NCL construct followed by virus infection significantly reduced the late viral gene transcripts, and consequently the viral titer. Altered expression of late viral genes and titers following manipulation of host cellular nucleolin, proposes the functional importance of its interaction with nucleoprotein during influenza A virus infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dogs
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Nucleocapsid Proteins
- Pandemics
- Phosphoproteins/deficiency
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Seasons
- Transcription, Genetic
- Viral Core Proteins/genetics
- Viral Core Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleolin
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobha Broor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 5 Is an Important Surface Attachment Factor That Facilitates Entry of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. J Virol 2016; 90:9114-27. [PMID: 27489282 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01133-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The spike proteins of coronaviruses are capable of binding to a wide range of cellular targets, which contributes to the broad species tropism of coronaviruses. Previous reports have demonstrated that Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) predominantly utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for cell entry. However, additional cellular binding targets of the MERS-CoV spike protein that may augment MERS-CoV infection have not been further explored. In the current study, using the virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA), we identified carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) as a novel cell surface binding target of MERS-CoV. CEACAM5 coimmunoprecipitated with the spike protein of MERS-CoV in both overexpressed and endogenous settings. Disrupting the interaction between CEACAM5 and MERS-CoV spike with anti-CEACAM5 antibody, recombinant CEACAM5 protein, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of CEACAM5 significantly inhibited the entry of MERS-CoV. Recombinant expression of CEACAM5 did not render nonpermissive baby hamster kidney (BHK21) cells susceptible to MERS-CoV infection. Instead, CEACAM5 overexpression significantly enhanced the attachment of MERS-CoV to the BHK21 cells. More importantly, the entry of MERS-CoV was increased when CEACAM5 was overexpressed in permissive cells, which suggested that CEACAM5 could facilitate MERS-CoV entry in conjunction with DPP4 despite not being able to support MERS-CoV entry independently. Taken together, the results of our study identified CEACAM5 as a novel cell surface binding target of MERS-CoV that facilitates MERS-CoV infection by augmenting the attachment of the virus to the host cell surface. IMPORTANCE Infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with the highest mortality rate among all known human-pathogenic coronaviruses. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics against MERS-CoV infection. The identification of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) as a novel cell surface binding target of MERS-CoV advanced our knowledge on the cell binding biology of MERS-CoV. Importantly, CEACAM5 could potentiate the entry of MERS-CoV by functioning as an attachment factor. In this regard, CEACAM5 could serve as a novel target, in addition to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), in the development of antiviral strategies for MERS-CoV.
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