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Baby J, Gull B, Ahmad W, Baki HA, Khader TA, Panicker NG, Akhlaq S, Rizvi TA, Mustafa F. The Host miR-17-92 Cluster Negatively Regulates Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) Replication Primarily Via Cluster Member miR-92a. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168738. [PMID: 39117177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a well-known causative agent of breast cancer in mice. Previously, we have shown that MMTV dysregulates expression of the host miR-17-92 cluster in MMTV-infected mammary glands and MMTV-induced tumors. This cluster, better known as oncomiR-1, is frequently dysregulated in cancers, particularly breast cancer. In this study, our aim was to uncover a functional interaction between MMTV and the cluster. Our results reveal that MMTV expression led to dysregulation of the cluster in both mammary epithelial HC11 and HEK293T cells with the expression of miR-92a cluster member being affected the most. Conversely, overexpression of the whole or partial cluster significantly repressed MMTV expression. Notably, overexpression of cluster member miR-92a alone repressed MMTV expression to the same extent as overexpression of the complete/partial cluster. Inhibition of miR-92a led to nearly a complete restoration of MMTV expression, while deletion/substitution of the miR-92a seed sequence rescued MMTV expression. Dual luciferase assays identified MMTV genomic RNA as the potential target of miR-92a. These results show that the miR-17-92 cluster acts as part of the cell's well-known miRNA-based anti-viral response to thwart incoming MMTV infection. Thus, this study provides the first evidence highlighting the biological significance of host miRNAs in regulating MMTV replication and potentially influencing tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Baby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Bushra Gull
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Hala Abdul Baki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Thanumol Abdul Khader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE; ASPIRE Research Institute in Precision Medicine, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Neena G Panicker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Shaima Akhlaq
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Tahir A Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE; Zayed Center for Health Sciences (ZCHS), UAE University, Al Ain, UAE; ASPIRE Research Institute in Precision Medicine, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Farah Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, UAE; Zayed Center for Health Sciences (ZCHS), UAE University, Al Ain, UAE; ASPIRE Research Institute in Precision Medicine, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Ahmad W, Panicker NG, Akhlaq S, Gull B, Baby J, Khader TA, Rizvi TA, Mustafa F. Global Down-regulation of Gene Expression Induced by Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) in Normal Mammary Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051110. [PMID: 37243196 DOI: 10.3390/v15051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a betaretrovirus that causes breast cancer in mice. The mouse mammary epithelial cells are the most permissive cells for MMTV, expressing the highest levels of virus upon infection and being the ones later transformed by the virus due to repeated rounds of infection/superinfection and integration, leading eventually to mammary tumors. The aim of this study was to identify genes and molecular pathways dysregulated by MMTV expression in mammary epithelial cells. Towards this end, mRNAseq was performed on normal mouse mammary epithelial cells stably expressing MMTV, and expression of host genes was analyzed compared with cells in its absence. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were grouped on the basis of gene ontology and relevant molecular pathways. Bioinformatics analysis identified 12 hub genes, of which 4 were up-regulated (Angp2, Ccl2, Icam, and Myc) and 8 were down-regulated (Acta2, Cd34, Col1a1, Col1a2, Cxcl12, Eln, Igf1, and Itgam) upon MMTV expression. Further screening of these DEGs showed their involvement in many diseases, especially in breast cancer progression when compared with available data. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified 31 molecular pathways dysregulated upon MMTV expression, amongst which the PI3-AKT-mTOR was observed to be the central pathway down-regulated by MMTV. Many of the DEGs and 6 of the 12 hub genes identified in this study showed expression profile similar to that observed in the PyMT mouse model of breast cancer, especially during tumor progression. Interestingly, a global down-regulation of gene expression was observed, where nearly 74% of the DEGs in HC11 cells were repressed by MMTV expression, an observation similar to what was observed in the PyMT mouse model during tumor progression, from hyperplasia to adenoma to early and late carcinomas. Comparison of our results with the Wnt1 mouse model revealed further insights into how MMTV expression could lead to activation of the Wnt1 pathway independent of insertional mutagenesis. Thus, the key pathways, DEGs, and hub genes identified in this study can provide important clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in MMTV replication, escape from cellular anti-viral response, and potential to cause cell transformation. These data also validate the use of the MMTV-infected HC11 cells as an important model to study early transcriptional changes that could lead to mammary cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neena G Panicker
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaima Akhlaq
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bushra Gull
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Baby
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thanumol A Khader
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences (ZCHS), UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Research Institute in Precision Medicine, Abu Dhabi, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences (ZCHS), UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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WANG D, ZHANG Z, SI Z, WANG L. Circ 0006282/miR-155 reduced inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via expression of SIRT1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.39520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan WANG
- Southern Medical University, China
| | | | - Zekun SI
- Southern Medical University, China
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de Sousa Pereira N, Akelinghton Freire Vitiello G, Karina Banin-Hirata B, Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes G, José Sparça Salles M, Karine Amarante M, Angelica Ehara Watanabe M. Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-Like env Sequence in Brazilian Breast Cancer Samples: Implications in Clinicopathological Parameters in Molecular Subtypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249496. [PMID: 33352945 PMCID: PMC7766913 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease in which susceptibility and clinical course depend on multiple factors. Evidence suggests that a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-homolog may be present in human BCs; however, little is known about its clinical implications. Methods: MMTV-like env nucleotide-sequence was searched in tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues from 217 Brazilian BC patients through nested-PCR and confirmed through PCR-sequencing. Blood samples were also tested for patients with MMTV-like env gene-positive tumors. Correlations with clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Results: MMTV-like env sequence was detected in tumor and tumor-adjacent tissue samples from 41/217 and 30/196 patients, respectively. In blood, MMTV-like was detected in 17/32 patients. In Luminal-B tumors, MMTV-like in tumor tissue was negatively correlated with tumor size and disease stage, whereas in HER2 tumors it anti-correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and disease stage. Considering blood, MMTV-like env gene positivity negatively correlated with age in general BC, while in Luminal-A tumors it positively correlated with Ki67 but negatively correlated with age and LNM. The associations with decreased LNM frequency were independent of other prognostic factors. Conclusion: MMTV-like env positivity is associated with better prognostic parameters in BC subtypes, which might be explainable by its anti-metastatic potential and by putative activation of immune milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália de Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (N.d.S.P.); (G.A.F.V.); (B.K.B.-H.); (M.A.E.W.)
| | - Glauco Akelinghton Freire Vitiello
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (N.d.S.P.); (G.A.F.V.); (B.K.B.-H.); (M.A.E.W.)
| | - Bruna Karina Banin-Hirata
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (N.d.S.P.); (G.A.F.V.); (B.K.B.-H.); (M.A.E.W.)
| | - Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (G.S.A.F.); (M.J.S.S.)
| | - Maria José Sparça Salles
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (G.S.A.F.); (M.J.S.S.)
| | - Marla Karine Amarante
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (N.d.S.P.); (G.A.F.V.); (B.K.B.-H.); (M.A.E.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-43-3371-5630
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (N.d.S.P.); (G.A.F.V.); (B.K.B.-H.); (M.A.E.W.)
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Amarante MK, de Sousa Pereira N, Vitiello GAF, Watanabe MAE. Involvement of a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) homologue in human breast cancer: Evidence for, against and possible causes of controversies. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:283-294. [PMID: 30905715 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease whose evolution depends on the tumor-host interaction. This type of cancer occurs when the mammary cells begin to grow wildly and become able to invade nearby tissues and/or promote metastases. Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is the accepted etiological agent of mammary tumors in mice. The identification of MMTV-like sequences and antigens in human mammary carcinoma has supported the theory that a virus homologous to MMTV (namely, HMTV) may be involved in human BC, but the role of retroviral elements in this disease remains elusive, as results from different research groups were contradictory. In the present review we present works for and against the involvement of HMTV in BC and discuss possible causes of divergences among studies. In the final section we fit current data regarding this issue to stablished causality criteria. We conclude that there is convincing data supporting the association of HMTV with BC, however there is still a need for epidemiological and basic research studies focusing on carcinogenic mechanisms for this virus in humans to fully understand its role in BC. This knowledge may open the way for the development of new preventive and therapeutic approaches in human BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Karine Amarante
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia de Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glauco Akelinghton Freire Vitiello
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Lawson JS, Salmons B, Glenn WK. Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer: Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Front Oncol 2018; 8:1. [PMID: 29404275 PMCID: PMC5786831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the risk factors for breast cancer are well established, namely female gender, early menarche and late menopause plus the protective influence of early pregnancy, the underlying causes of breast cancer remain unknown. The development of substantial recent evidence indicates that a handful of viruses may have a role in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), bovine leukemia virus (BLV), human papilloma viruses (HPVs), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV-also known as human herpes virus type 4). Each of these viruses has documented oncogenic potential. The aim of this review is to inform the scientific and general community about this recent evidence. The evidence MMTV and human breast cancer—the evidence is detailed and comprehensive but cannot be regarded as conclusive. BLV and human breast cancer—the evidence is limited. However, in view of the emerging information about BLV in human breast cancer, it is prudent to encourage the elimination of BLV in cattle, particularly in the dairy industry. HPVs and breast cancer—the evidence is substantial but not conclusive. The availability of effective preventive vaccines is a major advantage and their use should be encouraged. EBV and breast cancer—the evidence is also substantial but not conclusive. Currently, there are no practical means of either prevention or treatment. Although there is evidence of genetic predisposition, and cancer in general is a culmination of events, there is no evidence that inherited genetic traits are causal. Conclusion The influence of oncogenic viruses is currently the major plausible hypothesis for a direct cause of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Wendy K Glenn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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