1
|
Chen N, Jiang D, Shao B, Bai T, Chen J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhu Z. Anti-BVDV Activity of Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers Targeting NS5B (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083413. [PMID: 37110647 PMCID: PMC10145726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have emerged as "rising stars" for treating viral diseases and useful chemical scaffolds for developing effective therapeutic agents. The nonstructural protein NS5B (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) of NADL strain BVDV was used as the action target based on a molecular docking technique to screen herbal monomers for anti-BVDV viral activity. The in vivo and in vitro anti-BVDV virus activity studies screened the Chinese herbal monomers with significant anti-BVDV virus effects, and their antiviral mechanisms were initially explored. The molecular docking screening showed that daidzein, curcumin, artemisinine, and apigenin could interact with BVDV-NADL-NS5B with the best binding energy fraction. In vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that none of the four herbal monomers significantly affected MDBK cell activity. Daidzein and apigenin affected BVDV virus replication mainly in the attachment and internalization phases, artemisinine mainly in the replication phase, and curcumin was active in the attachment, internalization, replication, and release phases. In vivo tests demonstrated that daidzein was the most effective in preventing and protecting BALB/C mice from BVDV infection, and artemisinine was the most effective in treating BVDV infection. This study lays the foundation for developing targeted Chinese pharmaceutical formulations against the BVDV virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Dongjun Jiang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Baihui Shao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tongtong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, China
- Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Cattle Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan B, Giangaspero M, Sun N, Jin Y, Liu K, Wang Q, Cheng S, Wang Y, Zhang S. Antiviral Effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 and Rb3 Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Classical Swine Fever Virus in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:764909. [PMID: 34957281 PMCID: PMC8692705 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.764909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are members of the genus Pestivirus that cause disease in wild and domestic animals and are responsible for extensive economic losses of livestock and biological industry. BVDV is also a significant laboratory contaminant. Currently, no effective antiviral therapeutics are available to control their infection. Ginsenosides, as major pharmacological ingredients in the plants of ginseng, have various biological activities. In the present work, the antiviral activity of 9 ginsenosides and 3 other saponins from Araliaceae plants was investigated against Pestivirus. Ginsenoside Rb2 and Rb3 showed low cytotoxicity and obvious antiviral effect. They were able to inhibit the replication and proliferation of BVDV and CSFV. In addition, our results suggest that the possible antiviral mechanism of Rb2 might be related to its ability to affect the translation of these viruses. Obtained results suggest that ginsenoside Rb2 and Rb3 have a potential for effective treatment against Pestivirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tan
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | | | - Na Sun
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yinping Jin
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qianying Wang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Newcomer BW. 75 years of bovine viral diarrhea virus: Current status and future applications of the use of directed antivirals. Antiviral Res 2021; 196:105205. [PMID: 34742739 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was first reported 75 years ago and remains a source of major financial and production losses in the North American cattle industry. Currently, control methods in North America primarily center around biosecurity and vaccination programs; however, despite high levels of vaccination, the virus persists in the cattle herd due at least in part to the often-insidious nature of disease and the constant viremia and viral shedding of persistently infected animals which act as a reservoir for the virus. Continued development of targeted antivirals represents an additional tool for the prevention of BVDV-associated losses. Currently, in vivo studies of BVDV antivirals are relatively limited and have primarily been directed at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which represents the viral target with the highest potential for commercial development. Additional live animal studies have explored the potential of exogenous interferon treatment. Future research of commercial antivirals must focus on the establishment and validation of in vivo efficacy for compounds with demonstrated antiviral potential. The areas which provide the most viable economic justification for the research and development of antivirals drugs are the fed cattle sector, outbreak control, and wildlife or animals of high genetic value. With further development, targeted antivirals represent an additional tool for the management and control of BVDV in North American cattle herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Newcomer
- Veterinary Education, Research, & Outreach Program, Texas A&M and West Texas A&M Universities, Canyon, TX, 79016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Kubati AAG, Hussen J, Kandeel M, Al-Mubarak AIA, Hemida MG. Recent Advances on the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Molecular Pathogenesis, Immune Response, and Vaccines Development. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:665128. [PMID: 34055953 PMCID: PMC8160231 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.665128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) consists of two species and various subspecies of closely related viruses of varying antigenicity, cytopathology, and virulence-induced pathogenesis. Despite the great ongoing efforts to control and prevent BVDV outbreaks and the emergence of new variants, outbreaks still reported throughout the world. In this review, we are focusing on the molecular biology of BVDV, its molecular pathogenesis, and the immune response of the host against the viral infection. Special attention was paid to discuss some immune evasion strategies adopted by the BVDV to hijack the host immune system to ensure the success of virus replication. Vaccination is one of the main strategies for prophylaxis and contributes to the control and eradication of many viral diseases including BVDV. We discussed the recent advances of various types of currently available classical and modern BVDV vaccines. However, with the emergence of new strains and variants of the virus, it is urgent to find some other novel targets for BVDV vaccines that may overcome the drawbacks of some of the currently used vaccines. Effective vaccination strategy mainly based on the preparation of vaccines from the homologous circulating strains. The BVDV-E2 protein plays important role in viral infection and pathogenesis. We mapped some important potential neutralizing epitopes among some BVDV genomes especially the E2 protein. These novel epitopes could be promising targets against the currently circulating strains of BVDV. More research is needed to further explore the actual roles of these epitopes as novel targets for the development of novel vaccines against BVDV. These potential vaccines may contribute to the global eradication campaign of the BVDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar A G Al-Kubati
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdullah I A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Detection methods and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus in aborted fetuses and neonatal calves over a 22-year period. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:2077-2086. [PMID: 32415638 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in aborted fetus samples is often difficult due to tissue autolysis and inappropriate sampling. Studies assessing different methods for BVDV identification in fetal specimens are scarce. The present study evaluated the agreement between different diagnostic techniques to detect BVDV infections in specimens from a large number of bovine aborted fetuses and neonatal deaths over a period of 22 years. Additionally, genetic, serological, and pathological analyses were conducted in order to characterize BVDV strains of fetal origin. Samples from 95 selected cases from 1997 to 2018 were analyzed by antigen-capture ELISA (AgELISA), nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR), and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). In addition, amplification and sequencing of the 5'UTR region were performed for phylogenetic purposes. Virus neutralization tests against the BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-2b subtypes were conducted on 60 fetal fluids of the selected cases. Furthermore, the frequency and severity of histopathological lesions were evaluated in BVDV-positive cases. This study demonstrated that RT-nPCR and RT-qPCR were more suitable than AgELISA for BVDV detection in fetal specimens. However, the agreement between the two RT-PCR methods was moderate. The BVDV-1b subtype was more frequently detected than the BVDV-1a and BVDV-2b subtypes. Neutralizing antibodies to any of the three subtypes evaluated were present in 94% of the fetal fluids. Microscopically, half of the BVDV-positive cases showed a mild non-suppurative inflammatory response. These results emphasize the need to consider different methods for a diagnostic approach of BVDV associated to reproductive losses.
Collapse
|
6
|
Musiu S, Castillo YP, Muigg A, Pürstinger G, Leyssen P, Froeyen M, Neyts J, Paeshuyse J. Quinolinecarboxamides Inhibit the Replication of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Targeting a Hot Spot for the Inhibition of Pestivirus Replication in the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061283. [PMID: 32178258 PMCID: PMC7144022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus from the family of Flaviviridae is ubiquitous and causes a range of clinical manifestations in livestock, mainly cattle. Two quinolinecarboxamide analogues were identified in a CPE-based screening effort, as selective inhibitors of the in vitro bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) replication, i.e., TO505-6180/CSFCI (average EC50 = 0.07 µM, SD = 0.02 µM, CC50 > 100 µM) and TO502-2403/CSFCII (average EC50 = 0.2 µM, SD = 0.06 µM, CC50 > 100 µM). The initial antiviral activity observed for both hits against BVDV was corroborated by measuring the inhibitory effect on viral RNA synthesis and the production of infectious virus. Modification of the substituents on the quinolinecarboxamide scaffold resulted in analogues that proved about 7-fold more potent (average EC50 = 0.03 with a SD = 0.01 µM) and that were devoid of cellular toxicity, for the concentration range tested (SI = 3333). CSFCII resistant BVDV variants were selected and were found to carry the F224P mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whereas CSFCI resistant BVDV carried two mutations in the same region of the RdRp, i.e., N264D and F224Y. Likewise, molecular modeling revealed that F224P/Y and N264D are located in a small cavity near the fingertip domain of the pestivirus polymerase. CSFC-resistant BVDV proved to be cross-resistant to earlier reported pestivirus inhibitors (BPIP, AG110, LZ37, and BBP) that are known to target the same region of the RdRp. CSFC analogues did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp but inhibited the activity of BVDV replication complexes (RCs). CSFC analogues likely interact with the fingertip of the pestivirus RdRp at the same position as BPIP, AG110, LZ37, and BBP. This indicates that this region is a “hot spot” for the inhibition of pestivirus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Musiu
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yunierkis Perez Castillo
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group and Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Americas, 170150 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alexandra Muigg
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pürstinger
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- KU Leuven University, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- KU Leuven, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Laboratory for host pathogen interactions, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Irianingsih SH, Wuryastuty H, Wasito R, Wibawa H, Rasa FST, Poermadjaja B. Genetic analysis of NS5B gene from bovine viral diarrhea virus-infected cattle in Central and East Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2019; 12:1108-1115. [PMID: 31528040 PMCID: PMC6702556 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1108-1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: A previous study divided Indonesian bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-1 into subgenotypes BVDV-1a to BVDV-1d based on the partial NS5B gene using strain Bega as reference for BVDV-1a. In fact, it is clustered into BVDV-1c with strain Bega-like Australia. BVDV genotyping has been done on isolates from Jakarta, West and Central Java, but East Java isolates have not been genotyped. This study aimed to analyze genetic variability and amino acid residues in the nucleotide-binding pocket of the NS5B gene from infected cattle. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from the Sera Bank originating from active and passive surveillance of cattle that had been tested for BVDV antigen from 2013 to 2017. Detection of the p80 antibody and BVDV genotyping was carried out using ELISA and nested-multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. We defined 15 nested PCR products for partial sequencing of NS5B. Those field samples were selected from each location and year using proportional calculation as a representative sample. Homological and phylogenetic analyses of the partial NS5B gene were performed using BLAST and MEGA version 6. Results: Based on the phylogenetic tree analysis using 360 nucleotides as the partial NS5B gene, Indonesian BVDV-1 isolates from Central and East Java were subdivided to BVDV-1a (n=9), BVDV-1b (n=1), and BVDV-1c (n=5). In the present study, the homology of BVDV subgenotype -1a, -1b, and -1c was compared to the BVDV GenBank data and found 90-93%, 93%, and 92-95% respectively with the average pairwise distance of 0.207. A point mutation was shown at R283K of all BVDV isolates based on the sequence of three amino acid residues R283, R285, and I287 in the nucleotide-binding pocket as a part of the encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Conclusion: This study revealed the genetic variability of BVDV infecting cattle in Central Java and East Java, Indonesia, the subtypes BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, BVDV-1c, and a point mutation at the R283K residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Irianingsih
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Disease Investigation Centre Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - H Wuryastuty
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - R Wasito
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - H Wibawa
- Disease Investigation Centre Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - F S Tjatur Rasa
- Directorate of Animal Health, Directorate General of Livestock Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, The Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - B Poermadjaja
- Disease Investigation Centre Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pascual MJ, Merwaiss F, Leal E, Quintana ME, Capozzo AV, Cavasotto CN, Bollini M, Alvarez DE. Structure-based drug design for envelope protein E2 uncovers a new class of bovine viral diarrhea inhibitors that block virus entry. Antiviral Res 2018; 149:179-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
9
|
Glotova TI, Nikonova AA, Glotov AG. ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS AND PREPARATIONS EFFECTIVE AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA. Vopr Virusol 2017; 62:204-210. [PMID: 36494951 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2017-62-5-204-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae. It causes various clinical forms of infection leading to significant economic losses in beef and dairy industry worldwide. Furthermore, the virus is a contaminant of biological preparations (bovine fetal serum, continuous cell cultures, vaccines for human and veterinary medicine, interferons, trypsin, biotechnological preparations, embryos, stem cells, etc.). It is used as a test object when developing methods of decontamination. In some countries, a tool for monitoring the infection caused by the virus is vaccination based on the use of live and inactivated vaccines with varying efficiency. The antiviral compounds are a potential means of control in case of insufficient efficacy of vaccines. Their advantage for BVDV control is the ability to provide immediate protection for animals at risk in the case of an outbreak of the disease. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about antiviral compounds against BVDV. It was noted that due to the use of advanced biomedical technologies there is a tendency to search for drugs that might be effective for antiviral therapy of BVDV, as indicated by numerous studies of new compounds and the antiviral efficacy of known drugs used in medical practice. In addition to the well-known antiviral targets for the virus, such as the RdRp, IMPDH, NS3, new targets were discovered, such as protein p7. Its mechanism of action remains to be explored. It can be concluded that there is a great potential for BVDV control through the use of antiviral drugs which has not yet implemented. The biggest obstacle for commercial implementation of identified compounds is the lack of demonstration of their efficacy in vivo. Further studies should be performed to develop a method for administering effective drugs to groups of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T I Glotova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
| | - A A Nikonova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
| | - A G Glotov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Musiu S, Leyssen P, Froeyen M, Chezal JM, Neyts J, Paeshuyse J. 3-(imidazo[1,2-a:5,4-b']dipyridin-2-yl)aniline inhibits pestivirus replication by targeting a hot spot drug binding pocket in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Antiviral Res 2016; 129:99-103. [PMID: 26970496 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The compound 3-(imidazo[1,2-a:5,4-b']dipyridin-2-yl)aniline (CF02334) was identified as a selective inhibitor of the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a virus-cell-based assay. The EC50-values for inhibition of CPE, viral RNA synthesis and the production of infectious virus progeny were 13.0 ± 0.6 μM, 2.6 ± 0.9 μM and 17.8 ± 0.6 μM, respectively. CF02334 was found to be inactive in the hepatitis C subgenomic replicon system. CF02334-resistant BVDV was obtained and was found to carry the N264D mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Molecular modeling revealed that N264D is located in a small cavity near the fingertip domain of the pestivirus polymerase. CF02334-resistant BVDV was proven to be cross-resistant to BPIP, AG110 and LZ37, inhibitors that have previously been described to target the same region of the BVDV RdRp. CF02334 did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp, but did inhibit the activity of BVDV replication complexes. Taken together, these observations indicate that CF02334 likely interacts with the fingertip of the pestivirus RdRp at the same position as BPIP, AG110 and LZ37, which marks this region of the viral polymerase as a "hot spot" for inhibition of pestivirus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Musiu
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université d'Auvergne, IMTV, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Inserm, UMR 990, IMTV, F-63005, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Laboratory for Host Pathogen Interactions, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Castro EF, Campos RH, Cavallaro LV. Stability of the resistance to the thiosemicarbazone derived from 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone, a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100528. [PMID: 24950191 PMCID: PMC4065067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the prototype Pestivirus. BVDV infection is distributed worldwide and causes serious problems for the livestock industry. The thiosemicarbazone of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (TSC) is a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (NNI) of BVDV. All TSC-resistant BVDV variants (BVDV-TSCr T1–5) present an N264D mutation in the NS5B gene (RdRp) whereas the variant BVDV-TSCr T1 also presents an NS5B A392E mutation. In the present study, we carried out twenty passages of BVDV-TSCr T1–5 in MDBK cells in the absence of TSC to evaluate the stability of the resistance. The viral populations obtained (BVDV R1–5) remained resistant to the antiviral compound and conserved the mutations in NS5B associated with this phenotype. Along the passages, BVDV R2, R3 and R5 presented a delay in the production of cytopathic effect that correlated with a decrease in cell apoptosis and intracellular accumulation of viral RNA. The complete genome sequences that encode for NS2 to NS5B, Npro and Erns were analyzed. Additional mutations were detected in the NS5B of BVDV R1, R3 and R4. In both BVDV R2 and R3, most of the mutations found were localized in NS5A, whereas in BVDV R5, the only mutation fixed was NS5A V177A. These results suggest that mutations in NS5A could alter BVDV cytopathogenicity. In conclusion, the stability of the resistance to TSC may be due to the fixation of different compensatory mutations in each BVDV-TSCr. During their replication in a TSC-free medium, some virus populations presented a kind of interaction with the host cell that resembled a persistent infection: decreased cytopathogenicity and viral genome synthesis. This is the first report on the stability of antiviral resistance and on the evolution of NNI-resistant BVDV variants. The results obtained for BVDV-TSCr could also be applied for other NNIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana F. Castro
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo H. Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía V. Cavallaro
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Potential applications for antiviral therapy and prophylaxis in bovine medicine. Anim Health Res Rev 2014; 15:102-17. [PMID: 24810855 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252314000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral disease is one of the major causes of financial loss and animal suffering in today's cattle industry. Increases in global commerce and average herd size, urbanization, vertical integration within the industry and alterations in global climate patterns have allowed the spread of pathogenic viruses, or the introduction of new viral species, into regions previously free of such pathogens, creating the potential for widespread morbidity and mortality in naïve cattle populations. Despite this, no antiviral products are currently commercially licensed for use in bovine medicine, although significant progress has been made in the development of antivirals for use against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) and bovine herpesvirus (BHV). BVDV is extensively studied as a model virus for human antiviral studies. Consequently, many compounds with efficacy have been identified and a few have been successfully used to prevent infection in vivo although commercial development is still lacking. FMDV is also the subject of extensive antiviral testing due to the importance of outbreak containment for maintenance of export markets. Thirdly, BHV presents an attractive target for antiviral development due to its worldwide presence. Antiviral studies for other bovine viral pathogens are largely limited to preliminary studies. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of antiviral compounds against several key bovine pathogens and the potential for commercial antiviral applications in the prevention and control of several selected bovine diseases.
Collapse
|