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AlHudaib KA, Almaghasla MI, El-Ganainy SM, Arshad M, Drou N, Sattar MN. High-Throughput Sequencing Identified Distinct Bipartite and Monopartite Begomovirus Variants Associated with DNA-Satellites from Tomato and Muskmelon Plants in Saudi Arabia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:6. [PMID: 36616136 PMCID: PMC9824426 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of begomoviruses in Saudi Arabia are minimal. In this study, field-grown symptomatic tomato and muskmelon plants were collected, and initially, begomovirus infection was confirmed by the core coat protein sequences. Four tomato and two muskmelon plants with viral infections were further evaluated for Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and twelve sequences (2.7-2.8 kb) equivalent to the full-length DNA-A or DNA-B components of begomoviruses were obtained along with eight sequences (~1.3-1.4 kb) equivalent to the begomovirus-associated DNA-satellite components. Four begomovirus sequences obtained from tomato plants were variants of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) with nt sequence identities of 95.3-100%. Additionally, two tomato plants showed a mixed infection of TYLCV and cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV), okra yellow crinkle Cameroon alphasatellite (OYCrCMA), and okra leaf curl Oman betasatellite (OLCuOMB). Meanwhile, from muskmelon plants, two sequences were closely related (99-99.6%) to the tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV) DNA-A, whereas two other sequences showed 97.9-100% sequence identities to DNA-B of ToLCPalV, respectively. Complete genome sequences of CLCuGeV and associated DNA-satellites were also obtained from these muskmelon plants. The nt sequence identities of the CLCuGeV, OYCrCMA, and OLCuOMB isolates obtained were 98.3-100%, 99.5-100%, and 95.6-99.7% with their respective available variants. The recombination was only detected in TYLCV and OLCuOMB isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a mixed infection of bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses associated with DNA-satellites from tomato and muskmelon in Saudi Arabia. The begomovirus variants reported in this study were clustered with Iranian isolates of respective begomovirus components in the phylogenetic dendrogram. Thus, the Iranian agroecological route can be a possible introduction of these begomoviruses and/or their associated DNA-satellites into Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. AlHudaib
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa I. Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif M. El-Ganainy
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Bioinformatics Core, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nizar Drou
- Bioinformatics Core, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad N. Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Leke WN, Kvarnheden A, Avelar S, Brown JK. Molecular characterization of two previously undescribed begomovirus-associated alphasatellite molecules infecting malvaceous species in Cameroon. Arch Virol 2020; 165:775-779. [PMID: 31919592 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two begomovirus-associated alphasatellites were isolated from okra and a malvastrum plant (Malvaceae) in Cameroon. The complete nucleotide sequences of the okra- and malvastrum-infecting alphasatellites were 1375 and 1416-1418 nucleotides, respectively, and both exhibited features characteristic of other alphasatellites. Based on pairwise sequence comparisons, these previously undescribed alphasatellites are members of distinct species in the genera Colecusatellite and Gosmusatellite and have been tentatively named "pepper yellow vein Mali alphasatellite" and "cotton leaf curl Gezira alphasatellite3", respectively. Taken together with previous studies, alphasatellites endemic to Cameroon appear to be more diverse and infect plants of many more species and families than currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Leke
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Ekona, P.O. Box 83, Buea, Cameroon. .,Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural, Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology in Uppsala, P.O. Box 7080, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - A Kvarnheden
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural, Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology in Uppsala, P.O. Box 7080, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Avelar
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - J K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Luo C, Wang ZQ, Liu X, Zhao L, Zhou X, Xie Y. Identification and Analysis of Potential Genes Regulated by an Alphasatellite (TYLCCNA) that Contribute to Host Resistance against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl China Virus and Its Betasatellite (TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB) Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Viruses 2019; 11:E442. [PMID: 31096636 PMCID: PMC6563268 DOI: 10.3390/v11050442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, begomovirus/betasatellite disease complexes were found to be associated with alphasatellites, and their presence modulated disease symptoms and/or viral DNA accumulation in infected plants. However, the biological functions of alphasatellites during begomovirus/betasatellite infections remain unclear. Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) associated with a betasatellite (TYLCCNB) is a widespread monopartite begomovirus in China. In the Yunnan province of China, the TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB disease complex is found in association with an alphasatellite (TYLCCNA). In this study, in order to explain the mechanisms underlying TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB infection and reductions in viral DNA accumulation caused by TYLCCNA, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles of Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings challenged by TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB or TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB/TYLCCNA using RNA sequencing. In total, 2272 and 1207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to respond to TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB and TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB/TYLCCNA infections, respectively. Compared with the DEGs in the TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB-infected N. benthamiana seedlings, the number of DEGs in plants co-infected with TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB + TYLCCNA was significantly reduced. Additionally, 36 DEGs were identified to be regulated by TYLCCNA, six of which were further analyzed using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach. Silencing of these six TYLCCNA responsive DEGs caused more severe disease symptoms and higher viral DNA accumulation levels, suggesting that TYLCCNA responsive DEGs may attenuate TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhan Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Xianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Liling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Rojas MR, Macedo MA, Maliano MR, Soto-Aguilar M, Souza JO, Briddon RW, Kenyon L, Rivera Bustamante RF, Zerbini FM, Adkins S, Legg JP, Kvarnheden A, Wintermantel WM, Sudarshana MR, Peterschmitt M, Lapidot M, Martin DP, Moriones E, Inoue-Nagata AK, Gilbertson RL. World Management of Geminiviruses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:637-677. [PMID: 30149794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Management of geminiviruses is a worldwide challenge because of the widespread distribution of economically important diseases caused by these viruses. Regardless of the type of agriculture, management is most effective with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that involves measures before, during, and after the growing season. This includes starting with resistant cultivars and virus- and vector-free transplants and propagative plants. For high value vegetables, protected culture (e.g., greenhouses and screenhouses) allows for effective management but is limited owing to high cost. Protection of young plants in open fields is provided by row covers, but other measures are typically required. Measures that are used for crops in open fields include roguing infected plants and insect vector management. Application of insecticide to manage vectors (whiteflies and leafhoppers) is the most widely used measure but can cause undesirable environmental and human health issues. For annual crops, these measures can be more effective when combined with host-free periods of two to three months. Finally, given the great diversity of the viruses, their insect vectors, and the crops affected, IPM approaches need to be based on the biology and ecology of the virus and vector and the crop production system. Here, we present the general measures that can be used in an IPM program for geminivirus diseases, specific case studies, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Monica A Macedo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Minor R Maliano
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Maria Soto-Aguilar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Juliana O Souza
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Rob W Briddon
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafael F Rivera Bustamante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico 36821
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Scott Adkins
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - James P Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anders Kvarnheden
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter and Linnean Center for Plant Biology in Uppsala, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William M Wintermantel
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California 93905, USA
| | - Mysore R Sudarshana
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Michel Peterschmitt
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Moshe Lapidot
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Enrique Moriones
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental "La Mayora," Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga 29750, Spain
| | | | - Robert L Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
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Mishra GP, Singh B, Seth T, Singh AK, Halder J, Krishnan N, Tiwari SK, Singh PM. Biotechnological Advancements and Begomovirus Management in Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.): Status and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:360. [PMID: 28367155 PMCID: PMC5355441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of okra, as one of the important vegetable crop, very little attention has been paid to its genetic improvement using advanced biotechnological tools. The exploitation of marker assisted breeding in okra is often limited due to the availability of a few molecular markers, the absence of molecular genetic-map(s), and other molecular tools. Chromosome linkage-groups were not yet constructed for this crop and reports on marker development are very scanty and mostly hovering around cultivar characterization. Besides, very little progress has been observed for transgenic development. However, high throughput biotechnological tools like chromosome engineering, RNA interference (RNAi), marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS), genome-wide selection (GWS), targeted gene replacement, next generation sequencing (NGS), and nanobiotechnology can provide a rapid way for okra improvement. Further, the etiology of many deadly viral diseases like the yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) and okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCV) in okra is broadly indistinct and has been shown to be caused by various begomovirus species. These diseases cause systemic infections and have a very effective mode of transmission; thus, preventing their spread has been very complicated. Biotechnological interventions have the potential to enhance okra production even under different viral-stress conditions. In this background, this review deals with the biotechnological advancements in okra per se along with the begomoviruses infecting okra, and special emphasis has been laid on the exploitation of advanced genomic tools for the development of resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan P. Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable ResearchVaranasi, India
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Khan ZA, Abdin MZ, Khan JA. Functional characterization of a strong bi-directional constitutive plant promoter isolated from cotton leaf curl Burewala virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121656. [PMID: 25799504 PMCID: PMC4370823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV), belonging to the genus Begomovirus, possesses single-stranded monopartite DNA genome. The bidirectional promoters representing Rep and coat protein (CP) genes of CLCuBuV were characterized and their efficacy was assayed. Rep and CP promoters of CLCuBuV and 35S promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) were fused with β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes. GUS activity in individual plant cells driven by Rep, CP and 35S promoters was estimated using real-time PCR and fluorometric GUS assay. Histochemical staining of GUS in transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) leaves showed highest expression driven by Rep promoter followed by 35S promoter and CP promoter. The expression level of GUS driven by Rep promoter in transformed tobacco plants was shown to be two to four-fold higher than that of 35S promoter, while the expression by CP promoter was slightly lower. Further, the expression of GFP was monitored in agroinfiltrated leaves of N. benthamiana, N. tabacum and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Rep promoter showed strong consistent transient expression in tobacco and cotton leaves as compared to 35S promoter. The strong constitutive CLCuBuV Rep promoter developed in this study could be very useful for high level expression of transgenes in a wide variety of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul A. Khan
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Malik Z. Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jawaid A. Khan
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
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Leke WN, Mignouna DB, Brown JK, Kvarnheden A. Begomovirus disease complex: emerging threat to vegetable production systems of West and Central Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40066-014-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sohrab SS, Azhar EI, Kamal MA, Bhattacharya PS, Rana D. Genetic variability of Cotton leaf curl betasatellite in Northern India. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:626-31. [PMID: 25473373 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an important crop and its production is affected by various disease pathogens. Monopartite begomovirus associated betasatellites cause Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Northern India. In order to access the occurrence and genetic variability of Cotton leaf curl betasatellites, an extensive field survey was conducted in states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. We selected the betasatellite sequence for analysis as they are reported as important for disease severity and sequence variability. Based on the field observations, the disease incidence ranged from 30% to 80% during the survey. Full genome and DNA β were amplified from various samples while no amplicon was obtained in some samples. The nucleotide sequence homology ranged from 90.0% to 98.7% with Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), 55.2-55.5% with Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus, 55.8% with Okra leaf curl virus and 51.70% with Tomato leaf curl virus isolates. The lowest similarity (47.8%) was found in CLCuV-Sudan isolate. Phylogenetic analysis showed that analyzed isolates formed a close cluster with various CLCuV isolates reported earlier. The analysis results show sequence variation in Cotton leaf curl betasatellite which could be the result of recombination. The results obtained by genome amplification and sequence variability indicate that some new variants are circulating and causing leaf curl disease in Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - P S Bhattacharya
- Division of Biotechnology, JK-AgriGenetics Ltd., Hyderabad, A.P., India
| | - D Rana
- Division of Biotechnology, JK-AgriGenetics Ltd., Hyderabad, A.P., India
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Regional changes in the sequence of cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite. Viruses 2014; 6:2186-203. [PMID: 24859342 PMCID: PMC4036549 DOI: 10.3390/v6052186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Pakistan and northwestern India is caused by monopartite begomoviruses in association with an essential, disease-specific satellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). Following a recent upsurge in CLCuD problems in Sindh province (southern Pakistan), sequences of clones of CLCuMB were obtained from Sindh and Punjab province (central Pakistan), where CLCuD has been a problem since the mid-1980s. The sequences were compared to all sequences of CLCuMB available in the databases. Analysis of the sequences shows extensive sequence variation in CLCuMB, most likely resulting from recombination. The range of sequence variants differ between Sindh, the Punjab and northwestern India. The possible significance of the findings with respect to movement of the CLCuD between the three regions is discussed. Additionally, the lack of sequence variation within the only coding sequence of CLCuMB suggests that the betasatellite is not involved in resistance breaking which became a problem after 2001 in the Punjab and subsequently also in northwestern India.
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Fiallo-Olivé E, Hamed A, Navas-Castillo J, Moriones E. Cotton leaf curl Gezira alphasatellite associated with tomato leaf curl Sudan virus approaches the expected upper size limit in the evolution of alphasatellites. Virus Res 2013; 178:506-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Identification of a disease complex involving a novel monopartite begomovirus with beta- and alphasatellites associated with okra leaf curl disease in Oman. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1199-205. [PMID: 24287711 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Okra leaf curl disease (OLCD) is an important viral disease of okra in tropical and subtropical areas. The disease is caused by begomovirus-satellite complexes. A begomovirus and associated betasatellite and alphasatellite were identified in symptomatic okra plants from Barka, in the Al-Batinah region of Oman. Analysis of the begomovirus sequences showed them to represent a new begomovirus most closely related to cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV), a begomovirus of African origin. The sequences showed less than 85 % nucleotide sequence identity to CLCuGeV isolates. The name okra leaf curl Oman virus (OLCOMV) is proposed for the new virus. Further analysis revealed that the OLCOMV is a recombinant begomovirus that evolved by the recombination of CLCuGeV isolates with tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Oman (TYLCV-OM). An alpha- and a betasatellite were also identified from the same plant sample, which were also unique when compared to sequences available in the databases. However, although the betasatellite appeared to be of African origin, the alphasatellite was most closely related to alphasatellites originating from South Asia. This is the first report of a begomovirus-satellite complex infecting okra in Oman.
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