1
|
Afzal S, Ali L, Batool A, Afzal M, Kanwal N, Hassan M, Safdar M, Ahmad A, Yang J. Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233433. [PMID: 37901807 PMCID: PMC10601933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are a significant and emerging global public health threat, impacting more than 200,000 individuals worldwide each year. The single-stranded RNA viruses belong to the Hantaviridae family and are responsible for causing two acute febrile diseases in humans: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Currently, there are no licensed treatments or vaccines available globally for HTNV infection. Various candidate drugs have shown efficacy in increasing survival rates during the early stages of HTNV infection. Some of these drugs include lactoferrin, ribavirin, ETAR, favipiravir and vandetanib. Immunotherapy utilizing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) generated from Hantavirus convalescent patients show efficacy against HTNV. Monoclonal antibodies such as MIB22 and JL16 have demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against HTNV infection. The development of vaccines and antivirals, used independently and/or in combination, is critical for elucidating hantaviral infections and the impact on public health. RNA interference (RNAi) arised as an emerging antiviral therapy, is a highly specific degrades RNA, with post-transcriptional mechanism using eukaryotic cells platform. That has demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of viruses, both in vitro and in vivo. Recent antiviral methods involve using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and other, immune-based therapies to target specific gene segments (S, M, or L) of the Hantavirus. This therapeutic approach enhances viral RNA clearance through the RNA interference process in Vero E6 cells or human lung microvascular endothelial cells. However, the use of siRNAs faces challenges due to their low biological stability and limited in vivo targeting ability. Despite their successful inhibition of Hantavirus replication in host cells, their antiviral efficacy may be hindered. In the current review, we focus on advances in therapeutic strategies, as antiviral medications, immune-based therapies and vaccine candidates aimed at enhancing the body's ability to control the progression of Hantavirus infections, with the potential to reduce the risk of severe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Afzal
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Batool
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Momina Afzal
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nida Kanwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Atif Ahmad
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jing Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Eitan L, Alnemri M, Alkhawaldeh M, Mihyar A. Rodent-borne viruses in the region of Middle East. Rev Med Virol 2023:e2440. [PMID: 36924105 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Rodents are one of the most abundant mammal species in the world. They form more than two-fifth of all mammal species and there are approximately 4600 existing rodent species. Rodents are capable of transmitting deadly diseases, especially those that are caused by viruses. Viruses and their consequences have plagued the world for the last two centuries, three pandemics occurred during the last century only. The Middle East is situated at the crossroads of Africa and Asia, along with the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, its geographic importance is gained through the diversity of topographies, biosphere, as well as climate aspects that make the region vulnerable to host emerging diseases. Refugee crises also play a major role in expected epidemic outbreaks in the region. Public health has always been the most important priority, and our aim in this review is to raise awareness among public health organisations across the Middle East about the dangers of rodent borne diseases that have been reported or are suspected to be found in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laith Al-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Malek Alnemri
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mishael Alkhawaldeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Mihyar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng Y, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Yang L, Wang J, Gao Z, Zhang C. An HFman Probe-Based Multiplex Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Hantaan and Seoul Viruses. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081925. [PMID: 36010275 PMCID: PMC9406646 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens that are widely distributed worldwide. Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV) are two most common hantaviruses that infect humans and cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Rapid and sensitive detection of HTNV and SEOV are crucial for surveillance, clinical treatment and management of HFRS. This study aimed to develop a rapid HFman probe-based mulstiplex reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to simultaneously detect HTNV and SEOV. A novel multiplex RT-LAMP assay was developed, and 46 serum samples obtained from clinically suspected patients were used for evaluation. The novel RT-LAMP assay can detect as low as 3 copies/reaction of hantaviruses with a detection limit of 41 and 73 copies per reaction for HTNV and SEOV, respectively. A clinical evaluation showed that the consistencies of the multiplex RT-LAMP with RT-qPCR assay were 100% and 97.8% for HTNV and SEOV, respectively. In view of the high prevalence of HTNV and SEOV in rural areas with high rodent density, a colorimetric visual determination method was also developed for point-of-care testing (POCT) for the diagnosis of the two viruses. The novel multiplex RT-LAMP assay is a sensitive, specific, and efficient method for simultaneously detecting HTNV and SEOV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yongjuan Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zihou Gao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); or (C.Z.)
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); or (C.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Volokhov DV, Furtak V, Allen C, Pulle G, Zajac MD, Levin Y, Kochba E, Moore SM. Robust humoral immune response against rabies virus in rabbits and guinea pigs immunized with plasmid DNA vectors encoding rabies virus glycoproteins - An approach to the production of polyclonal antibody reagents. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 64:101833. [PMID: 35691598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based immunization has been previously shown to be an efficient approach to induce robust immunity against infectious diseases in animals and humans. The advantages of DNA vaccines are simplicity of their construction and production, low cost, high stability, and ability to elicit a full spectrum of immune responses to target antigens. The goals of this study were (i) to assess the antibody immune response to rabies virus glycoproteins (rGPs) in rabbits and guinea pigs after intramuscular immunization with pTargeT and pVAC2-mcs mammalian expression vectors encoding either the wild-type (WT) or codon-optimized (cOPT) rGP genes; and (ii) to prepare in-house rabbit anti-rGP polyclonal antibody reagents suitable for in Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) assays. The maximum antibody responses against rabies virus in rabbits and guinea pigs were observed after immunization series with 500 μg/dose of pVAC2-mcs vector encoding either the WT or cOPT rGP genes adjuvanted with Emulsigen-D. No significant difference in the anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers was observed in rabbits immunized with the WT and cOPT rGPs. The in-house rabbit anti-rGP polyclonal antibody reagents reacted comparable to the current reference reagents in SRID and IFA assays. The results of the study demonstrated that the DNA immunization of animals with the WT or cOPT rGPs is a promising approach to either induction of high anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibody titers in vivo or for production of polyclonal antibody reagents against rabies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Volokhov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Vyacheslav Furtak
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Cynthia Allen
- Vaccine Quality Division, Center for Biologics Evaluation (CBE), Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate (BRDD), Health Canada, 100 Eglantine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Gayle Pulle
- Vaccine Quality Division, Center for Biologics Evaluation (CBE), Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate (BRDD), Health Canada, 100 Eglantine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle D Zajac
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, 1800 Denison Ave., Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Yotam Levin
- NanoPass Technologies Ltd., 3 Golda Meir St., Nes Ziona, 7403648, Israel
| | - Efrat Kochba
- NanoPass Technologies Ltd., 3 Golda Meir St., Nes Ziona, 7403648, Israel
| | - Susan M Moore
- The University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (VMDL), One Health Laboratory, 1509 Rollins St., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Hantavirus induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an emerging viral zoonosis affecting up to 200,000 humans annually worldwide. This review article is focused on recent advances in the mechanism, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hantavirus induced HFRS. The importance of interactions between viral and host factors in the design of therapeutic strategies is discussed. Hantavirus induced HFRS is characterized by thrombocytopenia and proteinuria of varying severities. The mechanism of kidney injury appears immunopathological with characteristic deterioration of endothelial cell function and compromised barrier functions of the vasculature. Although multidisciplinary research efforts have provided insights about the loss of cellular contact in the endothelium leading to increased permeability, the details of the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The epidemiology of hantavirus induced renal failure is associated with viral species and the geographical location of the natural host of the virus. The development of vaccine and antiviral therapeutics is necessary to avoid potentially severe outbreaks of this zoonotic illness in the future. The recent groundbreaking approach to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine has revolutionized the general field of vaccinology and has provided new directions for the use of this promising platform for widespread vaccine development, including the development of hantavirus mRNA vaccine. The combinational therapies specifically targeted to inhibit hantavirus replication and vascular permeability in infected patients will likely improve the disease outcome.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shkair L, Garanina EE, Martynova EV, Kolesnikova AI, Arkhipova SS, Titova AA, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina SF. Immunogenic Properties of MVs Containing Structural Hantaviral Proteins: An Original Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010093. [PMID: 35056989 PMCID: PMC8779827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an emerging infectious disease that remains a global public health threat. The highest incidence rate is among zoonotic disease cases in Russia. Most cases of HFRS are reported in the Volga region of Russia, which commonly identifies the Puumala virus (PUUV) as a pathogen. HFRS management is especially challenging due to the lack of specific treatments and vaccines. This study aims to develop new approaches for HFRS prevention. Our goal is to test the efficacy of microvesicles (MVs) as PUUV nucleocapsid (N) and glycoproteins (Gn/Gc) delivery vehicles. Our findings show that MVs could deliver the PUUV N and Gn/Gc proteins in vitro. We have also demonstrated that MVs loaded with PUUV proteins could elicit a specific humoral and cellular immune response in vivo. These data suggest that an MV-based vaccine could control HFRS.
Collapse
|
7
|
Engdahl TB, Kuzmina NA, Ronk AJ, Mire CE, Hyde MA, Kose N, Josleyn MD, Sutton RE, Mehta A, Wolters RM, Lloyd NM, Valdivieso FR, Ksiazek TG, Hooper JW, Bukreyev A, Crowe JE. Broad and potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infection. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109086. [PMID: 33951434 PMCID: PMC8142553 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New World hantaviruses (NWHs) are endemic in North and South America and cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), with a case fatality rate of up to 40%. Knowledge of the natural humoral immune response to NWH infection is limited. Here, we describe human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from individuals previously infected with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) or Andes virus (ANDV). Most SNV-reactive antibodies show broad recognition and cross-neutralization of both New and Old World hantaviruses, while many ANDV-reactive antibodies show activity for ANDV only. mAbs ANDV-44 and SNV-53 compete for binding to a distinct site on the ANDV surface glycoprotein and show potently neutralizing activity to New and Old World hantaviruses. Four mAbs show therapeutic efficacy at clinically relevant doses in hamsters. These studies reveal a convergent and potently neutralizing human antibody response to NWHs and suggest therapeutic potential for human mAbs against HCPS. Engdahl et al. show that monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infection display broad and potent neutralization across hantavirus species and recognize distinct sites on the glycoprotein spike. Multiple antibodies demonstrate potential therapeutic candidates for New World hantavirus infection. Some antibodies also neutralized Old World hantaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Engdahl
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Adam J Ronk
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Matthew A Hyde
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew D Josleyn
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Apoorva Mehta
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachael M Wolters
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicole M Lloyd
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Francisca R Valdivieso
- Programa Hantavirus, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7590943, Chile
| | - Thomas G Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brocato RL, Kwilas SA, Josleyn MD, Long S, Zeng X, Perley CC, Principe LM, Somerville B, Cohen MV, Hooper JW. Small animal jet injection technique results in enhanced immunogenicity of hantavirus DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2021; 39:1101-1110. [PMID: 33483212 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccine evaluation in small animals is hampered by low immunogenicity when the vaccines are delivered using a needle and syringe. To overcome this technical hurdle we tested the possibility that a device developed for human intradermal medicine delivery might be adapted to successfully deliver a DNA vaccine to small animals. Disposable syringe jet injection (DSJI) does not currently exist for small animals. However, a commercialized, human intradermal device used to to administer medicines to the human dermis in a 0.1 mL volume was evaluated in Syrian hamsters. Here, we found that hantavirus DNA vaccines administered to hamsters using DSJI were substantially more immunogenic than the same vaccines delivered by needle/syringe or particle mediated epidermal delivery (gene gun) vaccination. By adjusting how the device was used we could deliver vaccine to either subcutaneous tissues, or through the skin into the muscle. RNA and/or antigen expression was detected in epidermal, subepidermal and fibroblast cells. We directly compared six optimized and non-optimized hantavirus DNA vaccines in hamsters. Optimization, including codon-usage and mRNA stability, did not necessarily result in increased immunogenicity for all vaccines tested; however, optimization of the Andes virus (ANDV) DNA vaccine protected vaccinated hamsters from lethal disease. This is the first time active vaccination with an ANDV DNA vaccine has shown protective efficacy in the hamster model. The adaptation of a human intradermal jet injection device for use as a method of subcutaneous and intramuscular jet injection of DNA vaccines will advance the development of nucleic acid based medical countermeasures for diseases modeled in hamsters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Matthew D Josleyn
- Virology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Simon Long
- Pathology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Pathology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Casey C Perley
- Virology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Lucia M Principe
- Virology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Brandon Somerville
- Virology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Melanie V Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
D'Souza MH, Patel TR. Biodefense Implications of New-World Hantaviruses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:925. [PMID: 32850756 PMCID: PMC7426369 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses, part of the Bunyaviridae family, are a genus of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause two major diseases: New-World Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome and Old-World Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome. Hantaviruses generally are found worldwide with each disease corresponding to their respective hemispheres. New-World Hantaviruses spread by specific rodent-host reservoirs and are categorized as emerging viruses that pose a threat to global health and security due to their high mortality rate and ease of transmission. Incidentally, reports of Hantavirus categorization as a bioweapon are often contradicted as both US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention refer to them as Category A and C bioagents respectively, each retaining qualitative levels of importance and severity. Concerns of Hantavirus being engineered into a novel bioagent has been thwarted by Hantaviruses being difficult to culture, isolate, and purify limiting its ability to be weaponized. However, the natural properties of Hantaviruses pose a threat that can be exploited by conventional and unconventional forces. This review seeks to clarify the categorization of Hantaviruses as a bioweapon, whilst defining the practicality of employing New-World Hantaviruses and their effect on armies, infrastructure, and civilian targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hilary D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hooper J, Paolino KM, Mills K, Kwilas S, Josleyn M, Cohen M, Somerville B, Wisniewski M, Norris S, Hill B, Sanchez-Lockhart M, Hannaman D, Schmaljohn CS. A Phase 2a Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose-Optimizing Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Bivalent DNA Vaccine for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Delivered by Intramuscular Electroporation. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030377. [PMID: 32664486 PMCID: PMC7565952 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) are pathogenic hantaviruses found in Asia and Europe, respectively. DNA vaccines targeting the envelope glycoproteins of these viruses have been constructed and found to elicit neutralizing antibodies when delivered to humans by various technologies including intramuscular electroporation. Here, we report findings from a Phase 2a clinical trial of a combined HTNV/PUUV DNA vaccine delivered at varying doses and administration schedules using the Ichor Medical Systems TriGrid intramuscular electroporation delivery technology. The study was designed to characterize the effects of DNA vaccine dose and number of administrations on the frequency and magnitude of immunological response. Subjects (n = 120) were divided into four cohorts. Cohorts 1 and 2 received a dose of 2 mg of DNA (1 mg per plasmid), and cohorts 3 and 4 received a dose of 1 mg of DNA (0.5 mg per plasmid) each vaccination. Each of the four cohorts received a series of four administrations (days 0, 28, 56 and 168). For cohorts 1 and 3, the DNA vaccine candidate was delivered at each of the four administrations. For cohorts 2 and 4, in order to maintain blinding, subjects received the DNA vaccine on days 0, 56 and 168, but on day 28 received only the phosphate buffered saline vehicle rather the DNA vaccine. Sera were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 84, 140, 168, 196, 252 and 365 and evaluated for the presence of neutralizing antibodies by PUUV and HTNV pseudovirion neutralization assays (PsVNAs). Day 84 was also evaluated by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Overall the PsVNA50 geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seropositivity rates among cohorts were similar. Cohort 3 exhibited the highest frequency of subjects that became seropositive to both PUUV and HTNV after vaccination, the highest peak GMT against both viruses, and the highest median titers against both viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - K. M. Paolino
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.M.P.); (K.M.)
| | - K. Mills
- Clinical Trials Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.M.P.); (K.M.)
| | - S. Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| | - M. Josleyn
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| | - M. Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| | - B. Somerville
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| | - M. Wisniewski
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| | - S. Norris
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| | - B. Hill
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| | - M. Sanchez-Lockhart
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| | - D. Hannaman
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - C. S. Schmaljohn
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (S.K.); (M.J.); (M.C.); (B.S.); (M.W.); (S.N.); (B.H.); (M.S.-L.); (C.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adam L, Tchitchek N, Todorova B, Rosenbaum P, Joly C, Poux C, Chapon C, Spetz AL, Ustav M, Le Grand R, Martinon F. Innate Molecular and Cellular Signature in the Skin Preceding Long-Lasting T Cell Responses after Electroporated DNA Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3375-3388. [PMID: 32385135 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines delivered with electroporation (EP) have shown promising results in preclinical models and are evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, we aim to characterize early mechanisms occurring in the skin after intradermal injection and EP of the auxoGTUmultiSIV DNA vaccine in nonhuman primates. First, we show that EP acts as an adjuvant by enhancing local inflammation, notably via granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and CD1aint-expressing cell recruitment. EP also induced Langerhans cell maturation, illustrated by CD86, CD83, and HLA-DR upregulation and their migration out of the epidermis. Second, we demonstrate the crucial role of the DNA vaccine in soluble factors release, such as MCP-1 or IL-15. Transcriptomic analysis showed that EP played a major role in gene expression changes postvaccination. However, the DNA vaccine is required to strongly upregulate several genes involved in inflammatory responses (e.g., Saa4), cell migration (e.g., Ccl3, Ccl5, or Cxcl10), APC activation (e.g., Cd86), and IFN-inducible genes (e.g., Ifit3, Ifit5, Irf7, Isg15, orMx1), illustrating an antiviral response signature. Also, AIM-2, a cytosolic DNA sensor, appeared to be strongly upregulated only in the presence of the DNA vaccine and trends to positively correlate with several IFN-inducible genes, suggesting the potential role of AIM-2 in vaccine sensing and the subsequent innate response activation leading to strong adaptive T cell responses. Overall, these results demonstrate that a combined stimulation of the immune response, in which EP and the auxoGTUmultiSIV vaccine triggered different components of the innate immunity, led to strong and persistent cellular recall responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Adam
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Biliana Todorova
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Candie Joly
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Candice Poux
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anna-Lena Spetz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Mart Ustav
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma Y, Tang K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Jin B, Ma Y. Design and synthesis of HLA-A*02-restricted Hantaan virus multiple-antigenic peptide for CD8 + T cells. Virol J 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32005266 PMCID: PMC6995102 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-1290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hantaan virus (HTNV) can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans with severe morbidity and high mortality. Although inactivated HFRS vaccines are given annually for prevention in populations, China still has the highest number of HFRS cases and deaths worldwide. Consequently, vaccination for HFRS requires the development of novel, more effective vaccines. Epitope peptide vaccines have been developed rapidly in recent years and are considered a novel approach for the prevention of infection. Specifically, the multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) design with preferable immunogenicity can arouse a satisfactory immune response for vaccination. However, there are few reports on the design and evaluation of MAP for HTNV. Methods Three HLA-A*02-restricted 9-mer cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes on HTNV glycoprotein and one HLA-A*02-restricted 9-mer CTL epitope on the HTNV nucleocapsid, which have been proven to be immunoprotective in our previous study, were selected for the design of HTNV MAP. A four-branched HTNV MAP was evaluated by the IFN-γ-secreting enzyme-linked immunospot assay and proliferation induction capacity of CD8+ T cells and compared with the single HTNV CTL epitope in 17 HLA-A*02+ patients with HFRS. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison of parameters between different subject groups. Results The macromolecular HTNV MAP was designed with a polylysine core and four radially branched single CTL epitope chains. Importantly, HTNV MAP could stimulate CD8+ T cell secretion of IFN-γ in HLA-A*02+ patients with HFRS. The frequency of IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in the MAP stimulation group was significantly higher than that in the single HTNV CTL epitope stimulation groups (P < 0.005). Meanwhile, the activity of IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in the HTNV MAP group was also higher than that of the single CTL epitope groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a much stronger ability of HTNV MAP to stimulate CD8+ T cell proliferation compared with that of a single HTNV CTL epitope. Conclusions The designed HTNV MAP could induce CTL responses ex vivo and may be considered a candidate for the design and development of novel HTNV peptide vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- The Fourth Team, Academy of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu R, Ma H, Shu J, Zhang Q, Han M, Liu Z, Jin X, Zhang F, Wu X. Vaccines and Therapeutics Against Hantaviruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2989. [PMID: 32082263 PMCID: PMC7002362 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses (HVs) are rodent-transmitted viruses that can cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. Together, these viruses have annually caused approximately 200,000 human infections worldwide in recent years, with a case fatality rate of 5–15% for HFRS and up to 40% for HCPS. There is currently no effective treatment available for either HFRS or HCPS. Only whole virus inactivated vaccines against HTNV or SEOV are licensed for use in the Republic of Korea and China, but the protective efficacies of these vaccines are uncertain. To a large extent, the immune correlates of protection against hantavirus are not known. In this review, we summarized the epidemiology, virology, and pathogenesis of four HFRS-causing viruses, HTNV, SEOV, PUUV, and DOBV, and two HCPS-causing viruses, ANDV and SNV, and then discussed the existing knowledge on vaccines and therapeutics against these diseases. We think that this information will shed light on the rational development of new vaccines and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Shu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Han
- Cadet Brigade, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang DB, Zhang JP, Cheng LF, Zhang GW, Li Y, Li ZC, Lu ZH, Zhang ZX, Lu YC, Zheng LH, Zhang FL, Yang K. Hantavirus Gc induces long-term immune protection via LAMP-targeting DNA vaccine strategy. Antiviral Res 2018; 150:174-182. [PMID: 29273568 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurs widely throughout Eurasia. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment, and prophylaxis remains the best option against the major pathogenic agent, hantaan virus (HTNV), which is an Old World hantavirus. However, the absence of cellular immune responses and immunological memory hampers acceptance of the current inactivated HFRS vaccine. Previous studies revealed that a lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1)-targeting strategy involving a DNA vaccine based on the HTNV glycoprotein Gn successfully conferred long-term immunity, and indicated that further research on Gc, another HTNV antigen, was warranted. Plasmids encoding Gc and lysosome-targeted Gc, designated pVAX-Gc and pVAX-LAMP/Gc, respectively, were constructed. Proteins of interest were identified by fluorescence microscopy following cell line transfection. Five groups of 20 female BALB/c mice were subjected to the following inoculations: inactivated HTNV vaccine, pVAX-LAMP/Gc, pVAX-Gc, and, as the negative controls, pVAX-LAMP or the blank vector pVAX1. Humoral and cellular immunity were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and 15-mer peptide enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) epitope mapping assays. Repeated immunization with pVAX-LAMP/Gc enhanced adaptive immune responses, as demonstrated by the specific and neutralizing antibody titers and increased IFN-γ production. The inactivated vaccine induced a comparable humoral reaction, but the negative controls only elicited insignificant responses. Using a mouse model of HTNV challenge, the in vivo protection conferred by the inactivated vaccine and Gc-based constructs (with/without LAMP recombination) was confirmed. Evidence of pan-epitope reactions highlighted the long-term cellular response to the LAMP-targeting strategy, and histological observations indicated the safety of the LAMP-targeting vaccines. The long-term protective immune responses induced by pVAX-LAMP/Gc may be due to the advantage afforded by lysosomal targeting after exogenous antigen processing initiation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation trafficking. MHC II-restricted antigen recognition effectively primes HTNV-specific CD4+ T-cells, leading to the promotion of significant immune responses and immunological memory. An epitope-spreading phenomenon was observed, which mirrors the previous result from the Gn study, in which the dominant IFN-γ-responsive hot-spot epitopes were shared between HLA-II and H2d. Importantly, the pan-epitope reaction to Gc indicated that Gc should be with potential for use in further hantavirus DNA vaccine investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Feng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guan-Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Chao Li
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Lu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Xin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Chen Lu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Brigade of Cadet, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lian-He Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cashman KA, Wilkinson ER, Wollen SE, Shamblin JD, Zelko JM, Bearss JJ, Zeng X, Broderick KE, Schmaljohn CS. DNA vaccines elicit durable protective immunity against individual or simultaneous infections with Lassa and Ebola viruses in guinea pigs. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:3010-3019. [PMID: 29135337 PMCID: PMC5718824 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1382780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed optimized DNA vaccines against both Lassa fever and Ebola hemorrhagic fever viruses and demonstrated that they were protective individually in guinea pig and nonhuman primate models. In this study, we vaccinated groups of strain 13 guinea pigs two times, four weeks apart with 50 µg of each DNA vaccine or a mock vaccine at discrete sites by intradermal electroporation. Five weeks following the second vaccinations, guinea pigs were exposed to lethal doses of Lassa virus, Ebola virus, or a combination of both viruses simultaneously. None of the vaccinated guinea pigs, regardless of challenge virus and including the coinfected group, displayed weight loss, fever or other disease signs, and all survived to the study endpoint. All of the mock-vaccinated guinea pigs that were infected with Lassa virus, and all but one of the EBOV-infected mock-vaccinated guinea pigs succumbed. In order to determine if the dual-agent vaccination strategy could protect against both viruses if exposures were temporally separated, we held the surviving vaccinates in BSL-4 for approximately 120 days to perform a cross-challenge experiment in which guinea pigs originally infected with Lassa virus received a lethal dose of Ebola virus and those originally infected with Ebola virus were infected with a lethal dose of Lassa virus. All guinea pigs remained healthy and survived to the study endpoint. This study clearly demonstrates that DNA vaccines against Lassa and Ebola viruses can elicit protective immunity against both individual virus exposures as well as in a mixed-infection environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Cashman
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Eric R Wilkinson
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Suzanne E Wollen
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Joshua D Shamblin
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Justine M Zelko
- a Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Jeremy J Bearss
- b Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- b Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD
| | | | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- d Office of the Chief Scientists, Headquarters, USAMRIID , Fort Detrick , MD
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
An engineered bispecific DNA-encoded IgG antibody protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pneumonia challenge model. Nat Commun 2017; 8:637. [PMID: 28935938 PMCID: PMC5608701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of broad-spectrum antibiotics on antimicrobial resistance and disruption of the beneficial microbiome compels the urgent investigation of bacteria-specific approaches such as antibody-based strategies. Among these, DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs), produced by muscle cells in vivo, potentially allow the prevention or treatment of bacterial infections circumventing some of the hurdles of protein IgG delivery. Here, we optimize DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies consisting of two potent human IgG clones, including a non-natural bispecific IgG1 candidate, targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies exhibit indistinguishable potency compared to bioprocessed IgG and protect against lethal pneumonia in mice. The DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies decrease bacterial colonization of organs and exhibit enhanced adjunctive activity in combination with antibiotics. These studies support DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies delivery as a potential strategy to augment the host immune response to prevent serious bacterial infections, and represent a significant advancement toward broader practical delivery of monoclonal antibody immunotherapeutics for additional infectious pathogens. DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) can be produced by muscle cells in vivo, potentially allowing prevention or treatment of infectious diseases. Here, the authors show that two DMAbs targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteins confer protection against lethal pneumonia in mice.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jiang DB, Sun LJ, Cheng LF, Zhang JP, Xiao SB, Sun YJ, Yang SY, Wang J, Zhang FL, Yang K. Recombinant DNA vaccine of Hantavirus Gn and LAMP1 induced long-term immune protection in mice. Antiviral Res 2017; 138:32-39. [PMID: 27923570 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylaxis is widely adopted the best choice against Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Hantavirus. However, loss of memory immune response maintenance remains as major shortcoming in current HFRS vaccine. A recombinant DNA vaccine, pVAX-LAMP/Gn was previously proved efficient, requiring long-term evaluations. METHODS & RESULTS Immune responses of Balb/c mice were assessed by specific and neutralizing antibodies, interferon-γ ELISpot assay, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity assay. HTNV-challenge assay identified long-term protection. Safety was confirmed by histological and behavioral analysis. Epitope-spreading phenomenon was noted, revealing two sets of dominant T-cell epitopes cross-species. CONCLUSION pVAX-LAMP/Gn established memory responses within a long-term protection. Lysosome-targeted strategy showed promise on Gn-based DNA vaccine and further investigations are warranted in other immunogenic Hantaviral antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lin-Feng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shao-Bo Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Sun
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shu-Ya Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169, Changle W. Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barriga GP, Villalón-Letelier F, Márquez CL, Bignon EA, Acuña R, Ross BH, Monasterio O, Mardones GA, Vidal SE, Tischler ND. Inhibition of the Hantavirus Fusion Process by Predicted Domain III and Stem Peptides from Glycoprotein Gc. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004799. [PMID: 27414047 PMCID: PMC4945073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. To enter cells, hantaviruses fuse their envelope membrane with host cell membranes. Previously, we have shown that the Gc envelope glycoprotein is the viral fusion protein sharing characteristics with class II fusion proteins. The ectodomain of class II fusion proteins is composed of three domains connected by a stem region to a transmembrane anchor in the viral envelope. These fusion proteins can be inhibited through exogenous fusion protein fragments spanning domain III (DIII) and the stem region. Such fragments are thought to interact with the core of the fusion protein trimer during the transition from its pre-fusion to its post-fusion conformation. Based on our previous homology model structure for Gc from Andes hantavirus (ANDV), here we predicted and generated recombinant DIII and stem peptides to test whether these fragments inhibit hantavirus membrane fusion and cell entry. Recombinant ANDV DIII was soluble, presented disulfide bridges and beta-sheet secondary structure, supporting the in silico model. Using DIII and the C-terminal part of the stem region, the infection of cells by ANDV was blocked up to 60% when fusion of ANDV occurred within the endosomal route, and up to 95% when fusion occurred with the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the fragments impaired ANDV glycoprotein-mediated cell-cell fusion, and cross-inhibited the fusion mediated by the glycoproteins from Puumala virus (PUUV). The Gc fragments interfered in ANDV cell entry by preventing membrane hemifusion and pore formation, retaining Gc in a non-resistant homotrimer stage, as described for DIII and stem peptide inhibitors of class II fusion proteins. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hantavirus Gc shares not only structural, but also mechanistic similarity with class II viral fusion proteins, and will hopefully help in developing novel therapeutic strategies against hantaviruses. The infection of cells by enveloped viruses involves the fusion of membranes between viruses and cells. This process is mediated by viral fusion proteins that have been grouped into at least three structural classes. Membrane-enveloped hantaviruses are worldwide spread pathogens that can cause human disease with mortality rates reaching up to 50%, however, neither a therapeutic drug nor preventive measures are currently available. Here we show that the entrance of Andes hantavirus into target cells can be blocked by fragments derived from the Gc fusion protein that are analogous to inhibitory fragments of class II fusion proteins. The Gc fragments acted directly over the viral fusion process, preventing its late stages. Together, our data demonstrate that the hantavirus Gc protein shares not only structural, but also mechanistic similarity with class II fusion proteins, suggesting its evolution from a common or related ancestral fusion protein. Furthermore, the results outline novel approaches for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo P. Barriga
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Chantal L. Márquez
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A. Bignon
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Acuña
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Breyan H. Ross
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Octavio Monasterio
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A. Mardones
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Simon E. Vidal
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole D. Tischler
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grant-Klein RJ, Altamura LA, Badger CV, Bounds CE, Van Deusen NM, Kwilas SA, Vu HA, Warfield KL, Hooper JW, Hannaman D, Dupuy LC, Schmaljohn CS. Codon-optimized filovirus DNA vaccines delivered by intramuscular electroporation protect cynomolgus macaques from lethal Ebola and Marburg virus challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1991-2004. [PMID: 25996997 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1039757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques were vaccinated by intramuscular electroporation with DNA plasmids expressing codon-optimized glycoprotein (GP) genes of Ebola virus (EBOV) or Marburg virus (MARV) or a combination of codon-optimized GP DNA vaccines for EBOV, MARV, Sudan virus and Ravn virus. When measured by ELISA, the individual vaccines elicited slightly higher IgG responses to EBOV or MARV than did the combination vaccines. No significant differences in immune responses of macaques given the individual or combination vaccines were measured by pseudovirion neutralization or IFN-γ ELISpot assays. Both the MARV and mixed vaccines were able to protect macaques from lethal MARV challenge (5/6 vs. 6/6). In contrast, a greater proportion of macaques vaccinated with the EBOV vaccine survived lethal EBOV challenge in comparison to those that received the mixed vaccine (5/6 vs. 1/6). EBOV challenge survivors had significantly higher pre-challenge neutralizing antibody titers than those that succumbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Grant-Klein
- a United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases ; Fort Detrick , MD USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: literature review and distribution analysis in China. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 43:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
21
|
Song JY, Woo HJ, Cheong HJ, Noh JY, Baek LJ, Kim WJ. Long-term immunogenicity and safety of inactivated Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax™) in healthy adults. Vaccine 2016; 34:1289-95. [PMID: 26826547 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a serious health problem in Eurasian countries, including Korea and China. This study evaluated the long-term immunogenicity and safety of formalin-inactivated Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax™). METHODS A phase III, multi-center clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Hantavax™ (three-dose schedule at 0, 1, and 13 months) among healthy adults. Immune response was assessed using the plaque reduction neutralizing antibody test (PRNT) and immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA). Antibody levels were measured pre-vaccination and at 2, 13, 14, 25, 37, and 49 months after the initial vaccination. Systemic and local adverse events were assessed. RESULTS A total of 226 healthy subjects aged 19-75 years were enrolled. Following two primary doses of Hantavax™, the seroconversion rate was 90.14% by IFA, but it was only 23.24% by PRNT50. With booster administration, seropositive rates were 87.32% and 45.07% at one month post-vaccination according to IFA and PRNT50, respectively. In young adults (19-39 years), the seropositive rate according to PRNT50 reached about 60% after booster vaccination. The mean duration of seropositive response was 735 days for PRNT50 and 845 days for IFA. Solicited local and systemic adverse events occurred in 47.79% and 25.22% of study subjects, respectively, and most were grade 1. CONCLUSION Hantavax™ showed a booster effect and immunogenicity lasting two years with a three-dose schedule. The neutralizing antibody response was quite poor with two primary doses, so an early booster vaccination at 2-6 months might be warranted to provide timely protection to high-risk subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Jeong Woo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luck Ju Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Broderick KE, Humeau LM. Electroporation-enhanced delivery of nucleic acid vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:195-204. [PMID: 25487734 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.990890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The naked delivery of nucleic acid vaccines is notoriously inefficient, and an enabling delivery technology is required to direct efficiently these constructs intracellularly. A delivery technology capable of enhancing nucleic acid uptake in both cells in tissues and in culture is electroporation (EP). EP is a physical delivery mechanism that increases the permeability of mammalian cell membranes and allows the trafficking of large macromolecules into the cell. EP has now been used extensively in the clinic and been shown to be an effective method to increase both the uptake of the construct and the breadth and magnitude of the resulting immune responses. Excitingly, 2014 saw the announcement of the first EP-enhanced DNA vaccine Phase II trial demonstrating clinical efficacy. This review seeks to introduce the reader to EP as a technology to enhance the delivery of DNA and RNA vaccines and highlight several published clinical trials using this delivery modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kruger DH, Figueiredo LTM, Song JW, Klempa B. Hantaviruses--globally emerging pathogens. J Clin Virol 2014; 64:128-36. [PMID: 25453325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are emerging zoonotic viruses which cause human disease in Africa, America, Asia, and Europe. This review summarizes the progress in hantavirus epidemiology and diagnostics during the previous decade. Moreover, we discuss the influence of ecological factors on the worldwide virus distribution and give an outlook on research perspectives for the next years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Detlev H Kruger
- Institute of Medical Virology, Charité School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Medical Virology, Charité School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|