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Poding LH, Jägers P, Herlitze S, Huhn M. Diversity and function of fluorescent molecules in marine animals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1391-1410. [PMID: 38468189 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence in marine animals has mainly been studied in Cnidaria but is found in many different phyla such as Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Chordata. While many fluorescent proteins and molecules have been identified, very little information is available about the biological functions of fluorescence. In this review, we focus on describing the occurrence of fluorescence in marine animals and the behavioural and physiological functions of fluorescent molecules based on experimental approaches. These biological functions of fluorescence range from prey and symbiont attraction, photoprotection, photoenhancement, stress mitigation, mimicry, and aposematism to inter- and intraspecific communication. We provide a comprehensive list of marine taxa that utilise fluorescence, including demonstrated effects on behavioural or physiological responses. We describe the numerous known functions of fluorescence in anthozoans and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We also highlight that other marine taxa should be studied regarding the functions of fluorescence. We suggest that an increase in research effort in this field could contribute to understanding the capacity of marine animals to respond to negative effects of climate change, such as rising sea temperatures and increasing intensities of solar irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Poding
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Peter Jägers
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Mareike Huhn
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
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2
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang C, Xiong F, Qian Y, Meng M, Zhou M, Chen W, Ding Z, Yu D, Liu Y, Chang Y, He S, Yang L. Genomic insights into the seawater adaptation in Cyprinidae. BMC Biol 2024; 22:87. [PMID: 38637780 PMCID: PMC11027309 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyprinidae, the largest fish family, encompasses approximately 367 genera and 3006 species. While they exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse aquatic environments, it is exceptionally rare to find them in seawater, with the Far Eastern daces being of few exceptions. Therefore, the Far Eastern daces serve as a valuable model for studying the genetic mechanisms underlying seawater adaptation in Cyprinidae. RESULTS Here, we sequenced the chromosome-level genomes of two Far Eastern daces (Pseudaspius brandtii and P. hakonensis), the two known cyprinid fishes found in seawater, and performed comparative genomic analyses to investigate their genetic mechanism of seawater adaptation. Demographic history reconstruction of the two species reveals that their population dynamics are correlated with the glacial-interglacial cycles and sea level changes. Genomic analyses identified Pseudaspius-specific genetic innovations related to seawater adaptation, including positively selected genes, rapidly evolving genes, and conserved non-coding elements (CNEs). Functional assays of Pseudaspius-specific variants of the prolactin (prl) gene showed enhanced cell adaptation to greater osmolarity. Functional assays of Pseudaspius specific CNEs near atg7 and usp45 genes suggest that they exhibit higher promoter activity and significantly induced at high osmolarity. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the genome-wide evidence for the evolutionary adaptation of cyprinid fishes to seawater, offering valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms supporting the survival of migratory fish in marine environments. These findings are significant as they contribute to our understanding of how cyprinid fishes navigate and thrive in diverse aquatic habitats, providing useful implications for the conservation and management of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810016, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS81TQ, UK.
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuting Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minghui Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zufa Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yumei Chang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang Province's Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics On Special Habitats, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shunping He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810016, China.
| | - Liandong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810016, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS81TQ, UK.
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3
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The Colours of Octopus: Using Spectral Data to Measure Octopus Camouflage. Vision (Basel) 2022; 6:vision6040059. [PMID: 36278671 PMCID: PMC9590006 DOI: 10.3390/vision6040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No animal can so effectively camouflage in such a wide range of environments as the octopus. Thanks to their highly malleable skin, they are capable of adapting their body patterns to the brightness and texture of their immediate environment, and they often seemingly match the colour of background objects. However, octopuses are colour-blind as their eyes have only one type of visual pigment. Therefore, chromatophores in their skin are likely to respond to changes in brightness, not chromaticity. To determine whether octopuses actually match background colours, we used a SpectraScan® PR-655 spectroradiometer to measure the reflectance spectra of Octopus tetricus skin in captivity. The spectra were compared with those of green algae, brown algae, and sponges—all of these being colourful objects commonly found in the octopus’s natural environment. Even though we show that octopuses change both lightness and chromaticity, allowing them to potentially camouflage in a wide range of backgrounds in an effective manner, the overall octopus colours did not reach the same level of saturation compared to some background objects. Spectra were then modelled under the visual systems of four potential octopus predators: one dichromatic fish (Heller’s barracuda), two trichromatic fish (blue-spotted stingray and two-spotted red snapper), and one tetrachromatic bird (wedge-tailed shearwater). We show that octopuses are able to match certain background colours for some visual systems. How a colour-blind animal is capable of colour-matching is still unknown.
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4
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Lucena MB, Mendes TC, Barbosa MC, Cordeiro CAMM, Eggertsen LM, Ferreira CEL. Does the colors of light matter? Testing different light color in nocturnal underwater visual censuses. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 166:105261. [PMID: 33493683 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most methods for assessing reef fish assemblages at night require artificial light, but the use of different colors of light may influence the results. We used data from 135 underwater visual censuses (UVCs) performed with different colors of light (red, blue and white) to evaluate the structure of fish assemblages on subtropical rocky reefs along three depth intervals. We did not detect any effect of the color of light on total density or fish species richness per transect, nor on the structure of the entire assemblage. However, the density of some of the most abundant species varied according to the color used. Red light showed the highest values of frequency of occurrence for most species, while the white light resulted in decreased abundance of some fish species. Our results emphasize the importance of choosing the color of light depending on the type of studies to be conducted. This will depend on the objectives of the research (e.g. inventory, behavior or community dynamics) and the target fish fauna (e.g. mobile or sedentary).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos B Lucena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-901, Brazil; Reef Fish Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24020141, Brazil.
| | - Thiago C Mendes
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Moysés C Barbosa
- Reef Fish Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24020141, Brazil
| | - Cesar A M M Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-901, Brazil; Reef Fish Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24020141, Brazil
| | - Linda M Eggertsen
- Reef Fish Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24020141, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Porto Seguro-Eunápolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Reef Fish Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24020141, Brazil
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5
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Strobel SM, Moore BA, Freeman KS, Murray MJ, Reichmuth C. Adaptations for amphibious vision in sea otters (Enhydra lutris): structural and functional observations. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:767-782. [PMID: 32666146 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are amphibious mammals that maintain equal in-air and underwater visual acuity. However, their lens-based underwater accommodative mechanism presumably requires a small pupil that may limit sensitivity across light levels. In this study, we consider adaptations for amphibious living by assessing the tapetum lucidum, retina, and pupil dynamics in sea otters. The sea otter tapetum lucidum resembles that of terrestrial carnivores in thickness and fundic coverage. A heavily rod-dominated retina appears qualitatively similar to the ferret and domestic cat, and a thick outer nuclear layer relative to a thinner inner nuclear layer is consistent with nocturnal vertebrates and other amphibious carnivores. Pupil size range in two living sea otters is smaller relative to other amphibious marine carnivores (pinnipeds) when accounting for test conditions. The pupillary light response seems slower than other aquatic and terrestrial species tested in comparable brightness, although direct comparisons require further assessment. Our results suggest that sea otters have retained features for low-light vision but rapid adjustments and acute underwater vision may be constrained across varying light levels by a combination of pupil shape, absolute eye size, and the presumed coupling between anterior lens curvature and pupil size during accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McKay Strobel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Bret A Moore
- University of California Davis, Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kate S Freeman
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Michael J Murray
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA
| | - Colleen Reichmuth
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
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6
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Carleton KL, Escobar-Camacho D, Stieb SM, Cortesi F, Marshall NJ. Seeing the rainbow: mechanisms underlying spectral sensitivity in teleost fishes. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb193334. [PMID: 32327561 PMCID: PMC7188444 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.193334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among vertebrates, teleost eye diversity exceeds that found in all other groups. Their spectral sensitivities range from ultraviolet to red, and the number of visual pigments varies from 1 to over 40. This variation is correlated with the different ecologies and life histories of fish species, including their variable aquatic habitats: murky lakes, clear oceans, deep seas and turbulent rivers. These ecotopes often change with the season, but fish may also migrate between ecotopes diurnally, seasonally or ontogenetically. To survive in these variable light habitats, fish visual systems have evolved a suite of mechanisms that modulate spectral sensitivities on a range of timescales. These mechanisms include: (1) optical media that filter light, (2) variations in photoreceptor type and size to vary absorbance and sensitivity, and (3) changes in photoreceptor visual pigments to optimize peak sensitivity. The visual pigment changes can result from changes in chromophore or changes to the opsin. Opsin variation results from changes in opsin sequence, opsin expression or co-expression, and opsin gene duplications and losses. Here, we review visual diversity in a number of teleost groups where the structural and molecular mechanisms underlying their spectral sensitivities have been relatively well determined. Although we document considerable variability, this alone does not imply functional difference per se. We therefore highlight the need for more studies that examine species with known sensitivity differences, emphasizing behavioral experiments to test whether such differences actually matter in the execution of visual tasks that are relevant to the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Carleton
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Sara M Stieb
- Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - N Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072 QLD, Australia
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7
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Liu DW, Wang FY, Lin JJ, Thompson A, Lu Y, Vo D, Yan HY, Zakon H. The Cone Opsin Repertoire of Osteoglossomorph Fishes: Gene Loss in Mormyrid Electric Fish and a Long Wavelength-Sensitive Cone Opsin That Survived 3R. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:447-457. [PMID: 30590689 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates have four classes of cone opsin genes derived from two rounds of genome duplication. These are short wavelength sensitive 1(SWS1), short wavelength sensitive 2(SWS2), medium wavelength sensitive (RH2), and long wavelength sensitive (LWS). Teleosts had another genome duplication at their origin and it is believed that only one of each cone opsin survived the ancestral teleost duplication event. We tested this by examining the retinal cones of a basal teleost group, the osteoglossomorphs. Surprisingly, this lineage has lost the typical vertebrate green-sensitive RH2 opsin gene and, instead, has a duplicate of the LWS opsin that is green sensitive. This parallels the situation in mammalian evolution in which the RH2 opsin gene was lost in basal mammals and a green-sensitive opsin re-evolved in Old World, and independently in some New World, primates from an LWS opsin gene. Another group of fish, the characins, possess green-sensitive LWS cones. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the evolution of green-sensitive LWS opsins in these two teleost groups derives from a common ancestral LWS opsin that acquired green sensitivity. Additionally, the nocturnally active African weakly electric fish (Mormyroideae), which are osteoglossomorphs, show a loss of the SWS1 opsin gene. In comparison with the independently evolved nocturnally active South American weakly electric fish (Gymnotiformes) with a functionally monochromatic LWS opsin cone retina, the presence of SWS2, LWS, and LWS2 cone opsins in mormyrids suggests the possibility of color vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yu Wang
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Jy Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ammon Thompson
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Derek Vo
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Hong Young Yan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Chencheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Harold Zakon
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
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8
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Darwish ST, Mohalal ME, Helal MM, El-Sayyad HI. Structural and functional analysis of ocular regions of five marine teleost fishes (Hippocampus hippocampus, Sardina pilchardus, Gobius niger, Mullus barbatus & Solea solea). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah T. Darwish
- Zoology Department, Al-Arish Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | | | - Menna M. Helal
- Zoology Department, Al-Arish Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Egypt
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9
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Hahn C, Genner MJ, Turner GF, Joyce DA. The genomic basis of cichlid fish adaptation within the deepwater "twilight zone" of Lake Malawi. Evol Lett 2017; 1:184-198. [PMID: 30283648 PMCID: PMC6124600 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deepwater environments are characterized by low levels of available light at narrow spectra, great hydrostatic pressure, and low levels of dissolved oxygen—conditions predicted to exert highly specific selection pressures. In Lake Malawi over 800 cichlid species have evolved, and this adaptive radiation extends into the “twilight zone” below 50 m. We use population‐level RAD‐seq data to investigate whether four endemic deepwater species (Diplotaxodon spp.) have experienced divergent selection within this environment. We identify candidate genes including regulators of photoreceptor function, photopigments, lens morphology, and haemoglobin, many not previously implicated in cichlid adaptive radiations. Colocalization of functionally linked genes suggests coadapted “supergene” complexes. Comparisons of Diplotaxodon to the broader Lake Malawi radiation using genome resequencing data revealed functional substitutions and signatures of positive selection in candidate genes. Our data provide unique insights into genomic adaptation within deepwater habitats, and suggest genome‐level specialization for life at depth as an important process in cichlid radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hahn
- Evolutionary and Environmental Genomics Group (@EvoHull), School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull Hull HU5 7RX United Kingdom.,Institute of Zoology University of Graz A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Martin J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1TQ United Kingdom
| | - George F Turner
- School of Biological Sciences Bangor University Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW Wales United Kingdom
| | - Domino A Joyce
- Evolutionary and Environmental Genomics Group (@EvoHull), School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull Hull HU5 7RX United Kingdom
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10
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Chang CH, Shao YT, Fu WC, Anraku K, Lin YS, Yan HY. Differentiation of visual spectra and nuptial colorations of two Paratanakia himantegus subspecies (Cyprinoidea: Acheilognathidae) in response to the distinct photic conditions of their habitats. Zool Stud 2015; 54:e43. [PMID: 31966130 DOI: 10.1186/s40555-015-0121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision, an important sensory modality of many animals, exhibits plasticity in that it adapts to environmental conditions to maintain its sensory efficiency. Nuptial coloration is used to attract mates and hence should be tightly coupled to vision. In Taiwan, two closely related bitterlings (Paratanakia himantegus himantegus and Paratanakia himantegus chii) with different male nuptial colorations reside in different habitats. We compared the visual spectral sensitivities of these subspecies with the ambient light spectra of their habitats to determine whether their visual abilities correspond with photic parameters and correlate with nuptial colorations. RESULTS Theelectroretinogram (ERG) results revealed that the relative spectral sensitivity of P.h. himantegus was higher at 670 nm, but lower at 370 nm, than the sensitivity of P. h. chii. Both bitterlings could perceive and reflect UV light, but the UV reflection patterns differed between genders. Furthermore, the relative irradiance intensity of the light spectra in the habitat of P. h. himantegus was higher at long wavelengths (480-700 nm), but lower at short wavelengths (350-450 nm), than the light spectra in the habitats of P. h.chii. CONCLUSIONS Two phylogenetically closely related bitterlings, P. h. himantegus and P. h. chii, dwell in different waters and exhibit different nuptial colorations and spectral sensitivities, which may be the results of speciation by sensory drive. Sensory ability and signal diversity accommodating photic environment may promote diversity of bitterling fishes. UV light was demonstrated to be a possible component of bitterling visual communication. The UV cue may assist bitterlings in genderidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Ta Shao
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan.,Present Address: Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Fu
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiko Anraku
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yeong-Shin Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong Young Yan
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan.,Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute of Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany
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11
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Preininger D, Halbauer R, Bartsch V, Weissenbacher A. First observations of fertilized eggs and preleptocephalus larvae of Rhinomuraena quaesita in the Vienna Zoo. Zoo Biol 2014; 34:85-8. [PMID: 25385394 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For the first time worldwide, fertilized eggs of ribbon eels (Rhinomuraena quaesita) hatched into feeding preleptocephali and could be kept alive for a period of seven days in the Vienna Zoo. The study reports on husbandry, behavioral observations and dimensions of eggs and preleptocephalus larvae. Furthermore, body color variations of ribbon eels in captivity do not reflect its sex or sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Preininger
- Vienna Zoo, Maxingstraße 13b, 1130, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Wang FY, Fu WC, Wang IL, Yan HY, Wang TY. The giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, uses blue-shifted rod photoreceptors during upstream migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103953. [PMID: 25101636 PMCID: PMC4125165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catadromous fishes migrate between ocean and freshwater during particular phases of their life cycle. The dramatic environmental changes shape their physiological features, e.g. visual sensitivity, olfactory ability, and salinity tolerance. Anguilla marmorata, a catadromous eel, migrates upstream on dark nights, following the lunar cycle. Such behavior may be correlated with ontogenetic changes in sensory systems. Therefore, this study was designed to identify changes in spectral sensitivity and opsin gene expression of A. marmorata during upstream migration. Microspectrophotometry analysis revealed that the tropical eel possesses a duplex retina with rod and cone photoreceptors. The λmax of rod cells are 493, 489, and 489 nm in glass, yellow, and wild eels, while those of cone cells are 508, and 517 nm in yellow, and wild eels, respectively. Unlike European and American eels, Asian eels exhibited a blue-shifted pattern of rod photoreceptors during upstream migration. Quantitative gene expression analyses of four cloned opsin genes (Rh1f, Rh1d, Rh2, and SWS2) revealed that Rh1f expression is dominant at all three stages, while Rh1d is expressed only in older yellow eel. Furthermore, sequence comparison and protein modeling studies implied that a blue shift in Rh1d opsin may be induced by two known (N83, S292) and four putative (S124, V189, V286, I290) tuning sites adjacent to the retinal binding sites. Finally, expression of blue-shifted Rh1d opsin resulted in a spectral shift in rod photoreceptors. Our observations indicate that the giant mottled eel is color-blind, and its blue-shifted scotopic vision may influence its upstream migration behavior and habitat choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yu Wang
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Fu
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan
| | - I-Li Wang
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong Young Yan
- Sensory Physiology Laboratory, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, I-Lan County, Taiwan
- Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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