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Parletta AC, Cerri GC, Gasparini CRB, Panico K, Vieira-Junior DN, Zacarias-Rodrigues LM, Senger N, de Almeida Silva A, Fevereiro M, Diniz GP, Irigoyen MCC, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Cardiac hypertrophy that affects hyperthyroidism occurs independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:1065-1075. [PMID: 38679646 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an adaptive response to maintain cardiac function; however, persistent stress responses lead to contractile dysfunction and heart failure. Although inflammation is involved in these processes, the mechanisms that control cardiac inflammation and hypertrophy still need to be clarified. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex that mediates IL-1β production. The priming step of NLRP3 is essential for increasing the expression of its components and occurs following NF-κB activation. Hyperthyroidism triggers CH, which can progress to maladaptive CH and even heart failure. We have shown in a previous study that thyroid hormone (TH)-induced CH is linked to the upregulation of S100A8, leading to NF-κB activation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in TH-induced CH and its potential role in CH pathophysiology. Hyperthyroidism was induced in NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-KO), Caspase-1-KO and Wild Type (WT) male mice of the C57Bl/6J strain, aged 8-12 weeks, by triiodothyronine (7 μg/100 g BW, i.p.) administered daily for 14 days. Morphological and cardiac functional analysis besides molecular assays showed, for the first time, that TH-induced CH is accompanied by reduced NLRP3 expression in the heart and that it occurs independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase 1-related pathways. However, NLRP3 is important for the maintenance of basal cardiac function since NLRP3-KO mice had impaired diastolic function and reduced heart rate, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening compared with WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Parletta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cavazza Cerri
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ribeiro Borba Gasparini
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Karine Panico
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Denival Nascimento Vieira-Junior
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria Zacarias-Rodrigues
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Almeida Silva
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Fevereiro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Placoná Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maria Cláudia Costa Irigoyen
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Morais Barreto-Chaves
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Butanta, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Fan C, Wang F, Liu H, Chen K. Case report: A rare combination of aldosterone-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma with Graves' disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1310408. [PMID: 38645425 PMCID: PMC11026631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1310408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy originating in the adrenal glands, aldosterone-producing ACC, even rarer. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), by contrast, accounts for the majority of thyroid carcinomas. We herein describe the first reported case of a female with comorbidities of aldosterone-producing ACC, PTC, and Graves' Disease(GD). The patient achieved transient clinical remission following adrenalectomy. However, three months later, aldosterone-producing ACC lung metastases emerged. Subsequently, within another three-month interval, she developed thyroid eye disease(TED). The patient died roughly one year after the adrenal operation. Exome sequencing did not reveal associations between aldosterone-producing ACC, PTC, and GD, and the underlying concurrence mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Further research of similar cases are needed to confirm potential links between the three pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kaining Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Gao C, Tian L. Effect of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Suppression Therapy on Cardiac Structure and Function in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer After Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:177-186. [PMID: 38007181 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) following thyroidectomy. METHODS Two investigators independently searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published from inception to January 6, 2023, without any restrictions on language. Standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed or random effects models. Thirteen clinical outcomes were analyzed, mainly evaluating cardiac morphology, systolic function, and diastolic function. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Compared to healthy controls, left ventricular mass index, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, interventricular septal thickness, and isovolumic relaxation time values increased; the ratio of E-wave velocity to A-wave velocity and E-wave velocity values decreased. The left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output did not change in patients with DTC who underwent long-term TSH suppression therapy. Interventricular septal thickness values were significantly correlated with the duration of TSH suppression therapy. CONCLUSION Long-term TSH suppression therapy leads to cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac diastolic function in patients with DTC. These changes may be related to the duration of TSH suppression therapy. Large prospective studies with long follow-up periods are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Gansu Province, China; Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanlong Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Gansu Province, China; Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu Province, China
| | - Cuixia Gao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu Province, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu Province, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Gansu Province, China.
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da Silveira ALB, Seara FAC, Lustrino D, Mecawi AS, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Kettelhut ÍC, Chakur-Brum P, Reis LC, Olivares EL. Thyroid hormone induces restrictive cardiomyopathy in β1-adrenoceptor knockout mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:620-629. [PMID: 37747059 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the role of β1-AR signaling and its cross-talk between cardiac renin-angiotensin system and thyroid-hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. T3 was administered at 0.5 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 10 days in β1-KOT3 and WTT3 groups, while control groups received vehicle alone. Echocardiography and myocardial histology was performed; cardiac and serum ANGI/ANGII and ANP and cardiac levels of p-PKA, p-ERK1/2, p-p38-MAPK, p-AKT, p-4EBP1, and ACE were measured. WTT3 showed decreased IVSTd and increased LVEDD versus WTsal (p < 0.05). β1-KOT3 exhibited lower LVEDD and higher relative IVSTd versus β1-KOsal, the lowest levels of ejection fraction, and the highest levels of cardiomyocyte diameter (p < 0.05). Cardiac ANP levels decreased in WTT3 versus β1-KOT3 (p < 0.05). Cardiac ACE expression was increased in T3-treated groups (p < 0.05). Phosphorylated-p38 MAPK levels were higher in WTT3 versus WTsal or β1-KOT3, p-4EBP1 was elevated in β1-KO animals, and p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in β1-KOT3. These findings suggest that β1-AR signaling is crucial for TiCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson L B da Silveira
- Departamento de Educação Física e Desportos, Instituto de Educação, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Brasil
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fernando A C Seara
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Brasil
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Danilo Lustrino
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - André S Mecawi
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeiro Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ísis C Kettelhut
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Chakur-Brum
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luis C Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Brasil
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Emerson L Olivares
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Brasil
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Güil-Oumrait N, Cano-Sancho G, Montazeri P, Stratakis N, Warembourg C, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Vioque J, Santa-Marina L, Jimeno-Romero A, Ventura R, Monfort N, Vrijheid M, Casas M. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of phthalates and phenols and body mass index and blood pressure in Spanish preadolescents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107527. [PMID: 36126421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women are simultaneously exposed to several non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which may influence the risk of childhood obesity and cardiovascular diseases later in life. Previous prospective studies have mostly examined single-chemical effects, with inconsistent findings. We assessed the association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and phenols, individually and as a mixture, and body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) in preadolescents. METHODS We used data from the Spanish INMA birth cohort study (n = 1,015), where the 1st and 3rd- trimester maternal urinary concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites and six phenols were quantified. At 11 years of age, we calculated BMI z-scores and measured systolic and diastolic BP. We estimated individual chemical effects with linear mixed models and joint effects of the chemical mixture with hierarchical Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Analyses were stratified by sex and by puberty status. RESULTS In single-exposure models, benzophenone-3 (BP3) was nonmonotonically associated with higher BMI z-score (e.g. Quartile (Q) 3: β = 0.23 [95% CI = 0.03, 0.44] vs Q1) and higher diastolic BP (Q2: β = 1.27 [0.00, 2.53] mmHg vs Q1). Methyl paraben (MEPA) was associated with lower systolic BP (Q4: β = -1.67 [-3.31, -0.04] mmHg vs Q1). No consistent associations were observed for the other compounds. Results from the BKMR confirmed the single-exposure results and showed similar patterns of associations, with BP3 having the highest importance in the mixture models, especially among preadolescents who reached puberty status. No overall mixture effect was found, except for a tendency of higher BMI z-score and lower systolic BP in girls. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to UV-filter BP3 may be associated with higher BMI and diastolic BP during preadolescence, but there is little evidence for an overall phthalate and phenol mixture effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Güil-Oumrait
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Parisa Montazeri
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Charline Warembourg
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia, Health Research Institute, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia, Health Research Institute, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Ventura
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Monfort
- Catalonian Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Duzen IV, Tabur S, Ozturk S, Savcilioglu MD, Alıc E, Yetisen M, Sanli S, Goksuluk H, Vuruskan E, Altunbas G, Coskun FY, Kaplan M, Taysi S, Sucu M. Assessment of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction with speckle-tracking echocardiography in hyperthyroid and euthyroid Graves' disease and its correlation with serum TIMP-1. Acta Cardiol 2021; 76:177-184. [PMID: 31910731 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2019.1708598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease has a multitude of effects on the cardiovascular system. In the detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction, speckle-tracking echocardiography is more useful than conventional echocardiography. The aim of the present study was to compare the longitudinal global strain values and venous blood concentration of (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) TIMP-1, a regulator of the extracellular matrix, among hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease, euthyroid patients with Graves' disease and healthy control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study enrolled 40 hyperthyroid patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease, 40 patients with Graves' disease who were euthyroid for at least 6 months and 40 control subjects with normal thyroid function. Participants underwent conventional echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography to obtain segmental and global longitudinal strain values. In addition, the serum TIMP-1 value was assessed in the venous blood samples of the participants. RESULTS The hyperthyroid Graves' patients showed greater serum TIMP-1 levels versus the control group and the euthyroid Graves' group. Compared to the control group, the TIMP-1 level was also significantly higher in the euthyroid Graves' group. Lower GLS (global longitudinal strain) average and GLS2C, GLS3C, GLS4C values were observed in both the hyperthyroid and euthyroid Graves' patients compared to the control group. The euthyroid Graves' patients and hyperthyroid Graves' patients had similar GLS values. The serum TIMP-1 level was negatively correlated with global strain values. CONCLUSION Graves' disease coexists with impaired segmental and global longitudinal strain and increased TIMP-1 levels. This coexistence seems to be independent of serum thyroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Veysel Duzen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Suzan Tabur
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Ozturk
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Enes Alıc
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yetisen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sıddık Sanli
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Ertan Vuruskan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Altunbas
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yılmaz Coskun
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaplan
- Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seyithan Taysi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Murat Sucu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Lee ML, Wang YM, Chang MC. Concurrence of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn, Myocardial Ischemia, Supraventricular Tachycardia, and Congestive Heart Failure as a Harbinger of Neonatal Graves' Disease. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2020; 36:272-275. [PMID: 32425443 PMCID: PMC7220969 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202005_36(3).20200105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Luen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Changhua Christian Children’s Hospital, Changhua
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Changhua Christian Children’s Hospital
| | - Ming-Che Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Pasternak JA, MacPhee DJ, Harding JCS. Maternal and fetal thyroid dysfunction following porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus2 infection. Vet Res 2020; 51:47. [PMID: 32228691 PMCID: PMC7106657 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory virus-2 (PRRSV2) we evaluated circulating thyroid hormone and associated gene expression in a late gestation challenge model. Pregnant gilts were inoculated at gestation day 85 and fetal samples collected at either 12 or 21 days post-infection (dpi). A subset of fetuses was selected for analysis based on viability and viral load categorized as either uninfected-viable (UNIF), high viral load viable (HV-VIA) or high viral load meconium stained (HV-MEC) and were compared with gestational age matched controls (CON). In dams, circulating levels of total T3 and T4 decreased in the acute period following infection and rebounded by 21 dpi. A similar effect was observed in fetuses, but was largely restricted to HV-VIA and HV-MEC, with minimal decrease noted in UNIF relative to CON at 21 dpi. Gene expression in fetal heart at 12 dpi showed significant decompensatory transcription of thyroid hormone transporters (SLC16A2) and deiodinases (DIO2, DIO3), which was not observed in brain. Correspondingly, genes associated with cell cycle progression (CDK1,2,4) were downregulated in only the heart of highly infected fetuses, while expression of their inhibitor (CDKN1A) was upregulated in both tissues. Finally, expression of genes associated with cardiac stress including CAMKD and AGT were upregulated in the hearts of highly infected fetuses, and a shift in expression of MYH6 to MYH7 was observed in HV-MEC fetuses specifically. Collectively, the results suggest PRRSV2 infection causes a hypothyroid state that disproportionally impacts the fetal heart over the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Pasternak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada. .,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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Niri T, Horie I, Ando T, Kawahara H, Ueda M, Eto M, Sako A, Ikeuchi Y, Nakao T, Nakashima Y, Shigeno R, Ito A, Nozaki A, Haraguchi A, Natsuda S, Sagara I, Akazawa S, Kamada A, Imaizumi M, Abiru N, Usa T, Kawakami A. RENAL FUNCTION AND PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AS POTENTIAL FACTORS CAUSING HYPERKALEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID CARCINOMA UNDERGOING THYROID HORMONE WITHDRAWAL FOR RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY. Endocr Pract 2020; 26:197-206. [PMID: 31652100 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2019-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Hypothyroidism is not commonly considered a cause of hyperkalemia. We previously reported that hyperkalemia was observed mainly in elderly patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibitors when levothyroxine treatment was withdrawn for the thyroidectomized patients with thyroid carcinoma to undergo radioactive iodine treatment. Here, we investigated whether acute hypothyroidism causes hyperkalemia in patients who were not treated with RAS inhibitors. We also investigated factors influencing potassium metabolism in hypothyroid patients. Methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective cohort study of 46 Japanese patients with thyroid carcinoma undergoing levothyroxine withdrawal prior to radioiodine therapy. All patients were normokalemic before levothyroxine withdrawal. Blood samples were analyzed 3 times: before, and at 3 and 4 weeks after levothyroxine withdrawal. We investigated factors that may be associated with the elevation of serum potassium levels from a euthyroid state to a hypothyroid state. Results: None of the patients developed symptomatic hyperkalemia. The mean serum potassium level was significantly higher at 4 weeks after levothyroxine withdrawal compared to baseline. The serum sodium levels, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased significantly as hypothyroidism advanced. In contrast, the plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone were not changed, while serum thyroid hormone decreased. At 4 weeks after their levothyroxine withdrawal, the patients' serum potassium values were significantly correlated with the eGFR and the PRA. Conclusion: Acute hypothyroidism can cause a significant increase in the serum potassium level, which may be associated with a decreased eGFR and decreased circulating RAS. Abbreviations: ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; ADH = antidiuretic hormone; ATPase = adenosine triphosphatase; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; K+ = potassium; Na+ = sodium; PRA = plasma renin activity; RAS = renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; T4 = thyroxine; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone.
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10
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Barreto-Chaves MLM, Senger N, Fevereiro MR, Parletta AC, Takano APC. Impact of hyperthyroidism on cardiac hypertrophy. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:EC-19-0543.R1. [PMID: 32101527 PMCID: PMC7159257 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac growth process (hypertrophy) is a crucial phenomenon conserved across a wide array of species and it is critically involved in maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. This process enables organism adaptation to changes of systemic demand and occurs due to a plethora of responses, depending on the type of signal or stimuli received. The growth of cardiac muscle cells in response to environmental conditions depends on the type, strength and duration of stimuli, and results in adaptive physiologic response or non-adaptive pathologic response. Thyroid hormones (TH) have a direct effect on the heart and induce a cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, which may evolve to heart failure. In this review, we summarize the literature on TH function in heart presenting results from experimental studies. We discuss the mechanistic aspects of TH associated with cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, increased cardiac myocyte contractility and electrical remodeling as well as the signaling pathways associated. In addition to classical crosstalk with the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), emerging work points to the new endocrine interaction between TH and Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is also explored. Given the inflammatory potential of the angiotensin II peptide, this new interaction may open the door for new therapeutic approaches that target key mechanisms responsible for TH-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Barreto-Chaves
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Fevereiro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Parletta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A P C Takano
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pakdel R, Vatanchian M, Niazmand S, Beheshti F, Rahimi M, Aghaee A, Hadjzadeh MAR. Comparing the effects of Portulaca oleracea seed hydro-alcoholic extract, valsartan, and vitamin E on hemodynamic changes, oxidative stress parameters and cardiac hypertrophy in thyrotoxic rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:14-21. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1651330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Pakdel
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehran Vatanchian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azita Aghaee
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Hausner EA, Elmore SA, Yang X. Overview of the Components of Cardiac Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:673-688. [PMID: 30967471 PMCID: PMC7333657 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in organs other than the liver and kidneys may play a significant role in how a specific organ responds to chemicals. The heart has metabolic capability for energy production and homeostasis. This homeostatic machinery can also process xenobiotics. Cardiac metabolism includes the expression of numerous organic anion transporters, organic cation transporters, organic carnitine (zwitterion) transporters, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Expression and distribution of the transporters within the heart may vary, depending on the patient’s age, disease, endocrine status, and various other factors. Several cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme classes have been identified within the heart. The P450 hydroxylases and epoxygenases within the heart produce hydroxyeicosatetraneoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, metabolites of arachidonic acid, which are critical in regulating homeostatic processes of the heart. The susceptibility of the cardiac P450 system to induction and inhibition from exogenous materials is an area of expanding knowledge, as are the metabolic processes of glucuronidation and sulfation in the heart. The susceptibility of various transcription factors and signaling pathways of the heart to disruption by xenobiotics is not fully characterized but is an area with implications for disruption of normal postnatal development, as well as modulation of adult cardiac health. There are knowledge gaps in the timelines of physiologic maturation and deterioration of cardiac metabolism. Cross-species characterization of cardiac-specific metabolism is needed for nonclinical work of optimum translational value to predict possible adverse effects, identify sensitive developmental windows for the design and conduct of informative nonclinical and clinical studies, and explore the possibilities of organ-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hausner
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Susan A Elmore
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Xi Yang
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
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Venditti P, Reed TT, Victor VM, Di Meo S. Insulin resistance and diabetes in hyperthyroidism: a possible role for oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:248-268. [PMID: 30843740 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1590567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to insulin, glycemic control involves thyroid hormones. However, an excess of thyroid hormone can disturb the blood glucose equilibrium, leading to alterations of carbohydrate metabolism and, eventually, diabetes. Indeed, experimental and clinical hyperthyroidism is often accompanied by abnormal glucose tolerance. A common characteristic of hyperthyroidism and type 2 diabetes is the altered mitochondrial efficiency caused by the enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. It is known that an excess of thyroid hormone leads to increased oxidant production and mitochondrial oxidative damage. It can be hypothesised that these species represent the link between hyperthyroidism and development of insulin resistance and diabetes, even though direct evidence of this relationship is lacking. In this review, we examine the literature concerning the effects of insulin and thyroid hormones on glucose metabolism and discuss alterations of glucose metabolism in hyperthyroid conditions and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underline them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Venditti
- a Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Tanea T Reed
- b Department of Chemistry , Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond , KY , USA
| | - Victor M Victor
- c Service of Endocrinology, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO) , Valencia , Spain.,d Department of Physiology , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Sergio Di Meo
- a Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
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Modification of gene expression profiling related to renin–angiotensin system in an ischemia/reperfusion rat model after T3 infusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:277-283. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Prediction of response to medical therapy by serum soluble (pro)renin receptor levels in Graves' disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195464. [PMID: 29621332 PMCID: PMC5886569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithyroid drugs are generally selected as the first-line treatment for Graves’ Disease (GD); however, the existence of patients showing resistance or severe side effects to these drugs is an important issue to be solved. The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is a multi-functional protein that activates the tissue renin-angiotensin system and is an essential constituent of vacuolar H+-ATPase, necessary for the autophagy-lysosome pathway. (P)RR is cleaved to soluble (s)(P)RR, which reflects the status of (P)RR expression. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate whether serum s(P)RR concentration can be used as a biomarker to predict the outcome of antithyroid drug treatment in GD patients. Serum s(P)RR levels were measured in 54 untreated GD patients and 47 control participants. Effects of medical treatment with antithyroid drugs on these levels were investigated in GD patients. Serum s(P)RR levels were significantly higher in patients with Graves’ disease than in control subjects (P<0.005) and were significantly reduced after medical treatment for Graves’ disease. High serum s(P)RR levels were associated with resistance to antithyroid drug treatment, suggesting that serum s(P)RR concentration can be used as a useful biomarker to predict the outcome of antithyroid drug treatment in these patients. Patients with Graves’ disease with low body mass index showed higher levels of serum soluble (pro)renin receptor levels than those with high body mass index. In addition, in patients with Graves’ disease, serum triglyceride levels were negatively correlated with serum soluble (pro)renin receptor levels. All these data indicated an association between low nutrient condition due to hyperthyroidism and increased (pro)renin receptor expression in these patients, suggesting that (pro)renin receptor expression could be increased in the process of stimulating intracellular energy production via activating autophagy function to compensate energy loss.
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Cardioprotective effect of thyroid hormone is mediated by AT2 receptor and involves nitric oxide production via Akt activation in mice. Heart Vessels 2017; 33:671-681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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AT1 receptor blockage impairs NF-κB activation mediated by thyroid hormone in cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:549-558. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Diniz GP, Lino CA, Moreno CR, Senger N, Barreto-Chaves MLM. MicroRNA-1 overexpression blunts cardiomyocyte hypertrophy elicited by thyroid hormone. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3360-3368. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Placoná Diniz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Caroline Antunes Lino
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Moreno
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Nathalia Senger
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Morais Barreto-Chaves
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Diniz GP, Senger N, Carneiro-Ramos MS, Santos RAS, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Cardiac ACE2/angiotensin 1-7/Mas receptor axis is activated in thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 10:192-202. [PMID: 26715125 PMCID: PMC5942623 DOI: 10.1177/1753944715623228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid hormone (TH) promotes marked effects on the cardiovascular system, including the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Some studies have demonstrated that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key mediator of the cardiac growth in response to elevated TH levels. Although some of the main RAS components are changed in cardiac tissue on hyperthyroid state, the potential modulation of the counter regulatory components of the RAS, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) levels and Mas receptor induced by hyperthyroidism is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperthyroidism on cardiac Ang 1-7, ACE2 and Mas receptor levels. METHODS Hyperthyroidism was induced in Wistar rats by daily intraperitoneal injections of T4 for 14 days. RESULTS Although plasma Ang 1-7 levels were unchanged by hyperthyroidism, cardiac Ang 1-7 levels were increased in TH-induced cardiac hypertrophy. ACE2 enzymatic activity was significantly increased in hearts from hyperthyroid animals, which may be contributing to the higher Ang 1-7 levels observed in the T4 group. Furthermore, elevated cardiac levels of Ang 1-7 levels were accompanied by increased Mas receptor protein levels. CONCLUSION The counter-regulatory components of the RAS are activated in hyperthyroidism and may be contributing to modulate the cardiac hypertrophy in response to TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilCardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, University Foundation of Cardiology
| | - Maria Luiza M Barreto-Chaves
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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Lino CA, da Silva IB, Shibata CER, Monteiro PDS, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Maternal hyperthyroidism increases the susceptibility of rat adult offspring to cardiovascular disorders. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 416:1-8. [PMID: 26277399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal intrauterine conditions as changed hormone levels during critical periods of the development are considered an insult and implicate in physiological adaptations which may result in pathological outcomes in later life. This study evaluated the effect of maternal hyperthyroidism (hyper) on cardiac function in adult offspring and the possible involvement of cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in this process. Wistar dams received orally thyroxin (12 mg/L) from gestational day 9 (GD9) until GD18. Adult offspring at postnatal day 90 (PND90) from hyper dams presented increased SBP evaluated by plethysmography and worse recovery after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), as evidenced by decreased LVDP, +dP/dT and -dP/dT at 25 min of reperfusion and by increased infarct size. Increased cardiac Angiotensin I/II levels and AT1R in hyper offspring were verified. Herein, we provide evidences that maternal hyperthyroidism leads to altered expression of RAS components in adult offspring, which may be correlated with worse recovery of the cardiac performance after ischemic insults and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivson Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline E R Shibata
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla de S Monteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ferreira A, Sottiaux J, Mandara MT, Motta L. Ascending haemorrhagic myelomalacia associated with systemic hypertension in a hyperthyroid cat. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915589840. [PMID: 28491365 PMCID: PMC5362925 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915589840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE SUMMARY An 8-year-old domestic shorthair neutered male cat was presented with acute onset of paraplegia, absent nociception on the pelvic limbs, tail and perianal area, and a previous history of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism (even after thyroidectomy) and chronic hypertension. The magnetic resonance findings (heterogeneous intramedullary ill-defined area, isointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on short tau inversion recovery and T2-weighted scans between T12 and L5 spinal cord segments) were consistent with ascending haemorrhagic myelomalacia, which was confirmed by histopathology. It also revealed myelomalacia associated with diffuse arteriolar hyalinosis, similar to the reports found with hypertensive encephalopathy. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Myelomalacia should be considered as a possible outcome in cats with hypertension. Considering that hypertension is a common consequence of hyperthyroidism, emphasis should be given to blood pressure monitoring, especially after treatment of this condition. We describe the histopathological changes occurring in the spinal cord associated with a state of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Sottiaux
- Cardiology Department, Grange Pierre, Saint Andre de Corcy, France
| | | | - Luca Motta
- ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, Neurology Department, Chester, UK
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Horie I, Ando T, Imaizumi M, Usa T, Kawakami A. Hyperkalemia develops in some thyroidectomized patients undergoing thyroid hormone withdrawal in preparation for radioactive iodine ablation for thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pract 2015; 21:488-94. [PMID: 25667379 DOI: 10.4158/ep14532.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyponatremia is observed in hypothyroidism, but it is not known if hypo- or hyperkalemia is associated with hypothyroidism. To study these questions, we determined serum potassium (K(+)) levels in thyroidectomized patients undergoing levothyroxine withdrawal before radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid carcinoma. METHODS We retrospectively studied the records of 108 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma followed by levothyroxine withdrawal and then ablation with RAI at Nagasaki University Hospital from 2009-2013. Blood samples were analyzed for serum K(+) concentrations when patients were euthyroid just before levothyroxine withdrawal and hypothyroid 21 days after levothyroxine withdrawal. We determined the proportion of patients who developed hyperkalemia (K(+) ≥5 mEq/L) and hypokalemia (K(+) ≤3.5 mEq/L). RESULTS Five (4.6%) patients developed hyperkalemia and 2 (1.9%) patients developed hypokalemia after levothyroxine withdrawal. The mean serum K(+) level after levothyroxine withdrawal was significantly higher than before levothyroxine withdrawal (4.23 ± 0.50 mEq/L vs. 4.09 ± 0.34 mEq/L; P<.001). After levothyroxine withdrawal, serum K(+) values were significantly correlated with age, serum sodium and creatinine levels, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate but not with serum free thyroxine or thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations. The finding of an elevated serum K(+) of >0.5 mEq/L after levothyroxine withdrawal was more prevalent with age >60 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.66; P = .026) and with the use of angiotensin-II receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (OR, 3.53; P = .033) in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Hyperkalemia develops in a small percentage of hypothyroid patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal, especially in patients over 60 years of age who are using antihypertensive agents that inhibit the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system.
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Godoy GAF, Korevaar TIM, Peeters RP, Hofman A, de Rijke YB, Bongers-Schokking JJ, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Gaillard R. Maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy, childhood adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors: the Generation R Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:117-25. [PMID: 24386874 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variation in maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy may permanently affect childhood growth and cardiovascular development. We examined the associations of early pregnancy maternal TSH and free T4 (FT4) levels with childhood growth, body composition and cardiovascular characteristics. METHODS We performed a population-based prospective cohort study among 5646 mothers and their children. Maternal thyroid parameters were assessed in early pregnancy (median: 13·2 weeks; 95% range: 9·7-17·6 weeks). Childhood growth was repeatedly measured from birth to 6 years. At the age of 6 years, childhood body mass index (BMI), total body and abdominal fat distribution, blood pressure and left ventricular mass were measured. RESULTS Maternal thyroid parameters were not consistently associated with childhood length and weight growth characteristics. Lower maternal TSH levels were associated with lower childhood BMI, total fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous fat mass area and diastolic blood pressure (P-values <0·05), but not with preperitoneal abdominal fat mass area, systolic blood pressure or left ventricular mass. Higher maternal FT4 levels were associated with lower childhood BMI, abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat mass area (P for trends <0·05), but not with other cardiovascular characteristics. Clinically maternal hypothyroid or hyperthyroid statuses were not associated with childhood growth, body fat or cardiovascular outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy may influence childhood body composition and cardiovascular development. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to examine the influence of maternal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy on long-term growth and cardiovascular development in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A F Godoy
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Freitas F, Estato V, Carvalho VF, Torres RC, Lessa MA, Tibiriçá E. Cardiac microvascular rarefaction in hyperthyroidism-induced left ventricle dysfunction. Microcirculation 2014; 20:590-8. [PMID: 23510303 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology underlying hyperthyroidism-induced left ventricle (LV) dysfunction and hypertrophy directly involves the heart and indirectly involves the neuroendocrine systems. The effects of hyperthyroidism on the microcirculation are still controversial in experimental models. We investigated the effects of hyperthyroidism on the cardiac function and microcirculation of an experimental rat model. METHODS Male Wistar rats (170-250 g) were divided into two groups: the euthyroid group (n = 10), which was treated with 0.9% saline solution, and the hyperthyroid group (n = 10), which was treated with l-thyroxine (600 μg/kg/day, i.p.) during 14 days. An echocardiographic study was performed to evaluate the alterations in cardiac function, structure and geometry. The structural capillary density and the expression of angiotensin II AT1 receptor in the LV were analyzed using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Hyperthyroidism was found to induce profound cardiovascular alterations, such as systolic hypertension, tachycardia, LV dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis. This study demonstrates the existence of structural capillary rarefaction and the down-regulation of the cardiac angiotensin II AT1 receptor in the myocardium of hyperthyroid rats in comparison with euthyroid rats. CONCLUSIONS Microvascular rarefaction may be involved in the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism-induced cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Freitas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Freitas F, Estato V, Lessa MA, Tibiriçá E. Cardiac microvascular rarefaction in hyperthyroid rats is reversed by losartan, diltiazem, and propranolol. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2014; 29:31-40. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Freitas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Lessa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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The thyroid and the kidney: a complex interplay in health and disease. Int J Artif Organs 2014; 37:1-12. [PMID: 24634329 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones may directly affect the kidney and altered kidney function may also contribute to thyroid disorders. The renal manifestations of thyroid disorders are based on hemodynamic alterations or/and to direct effects of thyroid hormones. The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in the cross-talk between the thyroid and the kidney. Hypothyroidism may be accompanied by an increase of serum creatinine and reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whereas hyperthyroidism may increase GFR. Treatment of thyroid disorders may lead to normalization of GFR. Primary and subclinical hypothyroidism and low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome are common features in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition low levels of thyroid hormones may predict a higher risk of cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. The causal nature of this correlation remains uncertain. In this review, special emphasis is given to the thyroid pathophysiology, its impact on kidney function and CKD and the interpretation of laboratorial findings of thyroid dysfunction in CKD.
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Tavares FM, da Silva IB, Gomes DA, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor (AT2R) is Associated with Increased Tolerance of the Hyperthyroid Heart to Ischemia-Reperfusion. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 27:393-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Carrillo-Sepúlveda MA, Ceravolo GS, Furstenau CR, Monteiro PDS, Bruno-Fortes Z, Carvalho MH, Laurindo FR, Tostes RC, Webb RC, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Emerging role of angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R)/Akt/NO pathway in vascular smooth muscle cell in the hyperthyroidism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61982. [PMID: 23637941 PMCID: PMC3634851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased vascular relaxation and decreased vascular contraction and is associated with augmented levels of triiodothyronine (T3) that contribute to the diminished systemic vascular resistance found in this condition. T3 leads to augmented NO production via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which in turn causes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) relaxation; however, the underlying mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Evidence from human and animal studies demonstrates that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in vascular function and also mediates some of cardiovascular effects found during hyperthyroidism. Thus, in this study, we hypothesized that type 2 angiotensin II receptor (AT2R), a key component of RAS vasodilatory actions, mediates T3 induced-decreased vascular contraction. Marked induction of AT2R expression was observed in aortas from T3-induced hyperthyroid rats (Hyper). These vessels showed decreased protein levels of the contractile apparatus: α-actin, calponin and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC). Vascular reactivity studies showed that denuded aortic rings from Hyper rats exhibited decreased maximal contractile response to angiotensin II (AngII), which was attenuated in aortic rings pre-incubated with an AT2R blocker. Further study showed that cultured VSMC stimulated with T3 (0.1 µmol/L) for 24 hours had increased AT2R gene and protein expression. Augmented NO levels and decreased p-MLC levels were found in VSMC stimulated with T3, both of which were reversed by a PI3K/Akt inhibitor and AT2R blocker. These findings indicate for the first time that the AT2R/Akt/NO pathway contributes to decreased contractile responses in rat aorta, promoted by T3, and this mechanism is independent from the endothelium.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hyperthyroidism/genetics
- Hyperthyroidism/metabolism
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Triiodothyronine/pharmacology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alícia Carrillo-Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela S. Ceravolo
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina R. Furstenau
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla de Souza Monteiro
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zuleica Bruno-Fortes
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Carvalho
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory of Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Science University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Science University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maria Luiza M. Barreto-Chaves
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Lino CA, Shibata CER, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Maternal hyperthyroidism alters the pattern of expression of cardiac renin-angiotensin system components in rat offspring. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 15:52-60. [PMID: 23257210 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312470581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in perinatal environment can lead to physiological, morphological, or metabolic alterations in adult life. It is well known that thyroid hormones (TH) are critical for the development, growth, and maturation of organs and systems. In addition, TH interact with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and both play a critical role in adult cardiovascular function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal hyperthyroidism on cardiac RAS components in pups during development. MATERIALS AND METHODS From gestational day nine (GD9), pregnant Wistar rats received thyroxine (T4, 12 mg/l in tap water; Hyper group) or vehicle (control group). Dams and pups were killed on GD18 and GD20. RESULTS Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 were higher in the Hyper group than in the control group dams. Cardiac hypertrophy was observed in Hyper pups on GD20. Cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was significantly lower in Hyper pups on both GD18 and GD20, but there was no difference in Ang I/Ang II levels. Ang II receptors expression was higher in the Hyper pup heart on GD18. CONCLUSIONS Maternal hyperthyroidism is associated with alterations in fetal development and altered pattern of expression in RAS components, which in addition to cardiac hypertrophy observed on GD20 may represent an important predisposing factor to cardiovascular diseases in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Vargas F, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Vargas-Tendero P, Jimenez E, Montiel M. The renin-angiotensin system in thyroid disorders and its role in cardiovascular and renal manifestations. J Endocrinol 2012; 213:25-36. [PMID: 22043064 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine diseases and affect virtually all physiological systems, with an especially marked impact on cardiovascular and renal systems. This review summarizes the effects of thyroid hormones on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the participation of the RAS in the cardiovascular and renal manifestations of thyroid disorders. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of cardiac and renal mass, vascular function, renal sodium handling, and consequently blood pressure (BP). The RAS acts globally to control cardiovascular and renal functions, while RAS components act systemically and locally in individual organs. Various authors have implicated the systemic and local RAS in the mediation of functional and structural changes in cardiovascular and renal tissues due to abnormal thyroid hormone levels. This review analyzes the influence of thyroid hormones on RAS components and discusses the role of the RAS in BP, cardiac mass, vascular function, and renal abnormalities in thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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31
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Turchi F, Ronconi V, Tizio VD, Boscaro M, Giacchetti G. Blood pressure, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroid disease prevalence in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:1274-9. [PMID: 21850059 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A positive correlation between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and blood pressure (BP) has been identified in normotensives and in patients with essential hypertension (EH). This study was designed to evaluate, in primary aldosteronism (PA) and in EH, potential association of BP, TSH, and ultrasonographic changes of the thyroid. METHODS We studied 188 patients: 92 with PA and 96 matched essential hypertensives. Clinical and ambulatory BP (ABP), and thyroid function were evaluated in all patients. In PA and in a subgroup of EH patients (n = 65) thyroid ultrasonography was performed. RESULTS In PA patients, diastolic office and diastolic ABP increased across TSH quartiles and multivariate analysis confirmed a positive significant correlation between TSH and diastolic BP, independently of aldosterone levels, body mass index (BMI), duration of hypertension, and age. In EH patients, we found a significant linear increase in systolic and diastolic ABP with increasing TSH. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions was similar in PA and EH (15% and 19%, respectively). In PA patients, we found a higher prevalence of ultrasonographic alterations than in EH (66% vs. 46%, P < 0.05). PA patients presenting morphological abnormalities had higher homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance levels than patients with normal gland at ultrasonography (4.2 ± 1.8 vs. 3.1 ± 0.8 P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found a positive correlation between TSH and BP both in PA and EH patients. Moreover, in PA patients we observed a high prevalence of thyroid morphological alterations.
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32
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Deegan RJ, Furman WR. Cardiovascular Manifestations of Endocrine Dysfunction. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011; 25:705-20. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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De Ciuceis C, Pilu A, Cappelli C, Porteri E, Zani F, Santoro A, Gandossi E, Boari GEM, Rizzardi N, Castellano M, Rizzoni D, Agabiti Rosei E. Decreased number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:335-9. [PMID: 20585201 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A relevant biological role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) was recently demonstrated. EPC are generated in the bone marrow, and interact with damaged endothelium, restoring the integrity of the monolayer. Therefore, aim of the present study was to evaluate EPC in the blood of patients with untreated Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD), in whom an increased oxidative stress was observed. DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with untreated active GD and 18 matched normal controls (NC) were included in the study. Circulating EPC were isolated from peripheral blood. Mononuclear cells were cultured with endothelial basal medium supplemented with EGM SingleQuots, and were identified by positive double staining after 7 days in culture. Circulating levels of C reactive protein, total antioxidant power, interleukin (IL)-6, IL- 18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis facotr- α, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intracellular adhesion molecule were evaluated by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit. EPC number was also evaluated in a subgroup of GD patients after restoration of euthyroidism. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure resulted increased in GD patients compared with control subjects whereas diastolic blood pressure was not significantly different. Patients with GD showed an increase in circulating levels of IL-18 and VCAM-1 and a reduction of total antioxidant power (p<0.05) compared to NC. Moreover, a reduced number of EPC was observed in patients with GD compared to NC (p<0.05) which turned to NC values after restoring euthyroidism. CONCLUSION Patients with GD showed a reduction in the physiological protective mechanisms against endothelial damage, probably induced by increased inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Ciuceis
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, 25100 Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
Hypothyroidism has been recognized as a cause of secondary hypertension. Previous studies on the prevalence of hypertension in subjects with hypothyroidism have demonstrated elevated blood pressure values. Increased peripheral vascular resistance and low cardiac output has been suggested to be the possible link between hypothyroidism and diastolic hypertension. The hypothyroid population is characterized by significant volume changes, initiating a volume-dependent, low plasma renin activity mechanism of blood pressure elevation. This article summarizes previous studies on the impact of hypothyroidism on blood pressure and early atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Stabouli
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Axelband F, Dias J, Ferrão FM, Einicker-Lamas M. Nongenomic signaling pathways triggered by thyroid hormones and their metabolite 3-iodothyronamine on the cardiovascular system. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:21-8. [PMID: 20658515 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Axelband
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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