1
|
Mao X, Chen J, Yao Y, Liu D, Wang H, Chen Y. Progress in phosphorylation of natural products. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:697. [PMID: 38802698 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Natural medicines are a valuable resource for the development of new drugs. However, factors such as low solubility and poor bioavailability of certain constituents have hindered their efficacy and potential as pharmaceuticals. Structural modification of natural products has emerged as an important research area for drug development. Phosphorylation groups, as crucial endogenous active groups, have been extensively utilized for structural modification and development of new drugs based on natural molecules. Incorporating phosphate groups into natural molecules not only enhances their stability, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties, but also improves their biological activity by altering their charge, hydrogen bonding, and spatial structure. This review summarizes the phosphorylation mechanism, modification approaches, and biological activity enhancement of natural medicines. Notably, compounds such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and coumarins exhibit increased antioxidation, anticancer, antiviral, immune regulatory, Antiaging, enzyme inhibition, bacteriostasis, liver protection, and lipid-lowering effects following phosphorylation modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Mao
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingrui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Defu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Characteristic Medical Center of PAP, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Li X, Bai H, Yang X, Mu J, Yan R, Wang S. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of the root bark of Paeonia x suffruticosa andrews: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116279. [PMID: 36822345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moutan Cortex (MC), commonly known as "Mu dan pi", refers to the dried root bark of Paeonia x suffruticosa Andrews and is broadly used as a traditional herbal medication in China, Japan, and Korea. For thousands of years, it has been utilized to treat female genital, extravasated blood, cardiovascular, and stagnant blood disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review article was to summarize information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of MC, as well as to outline the further research directions for the development of new drugs and the associations between traditional uses and pharmacological effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information involved in the study was gathered from a variety of electronic resources, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Google Scholar. The date was from 1992 to 2022. RESULTS Approximately 163 chemical compounds have been extracted and identified from MC, including monoterpenes, monoterpene glycosides, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, volatile oils, alkaloids, and others. In these categories, the monoterpene glycosides and phenols being the most common. A wide variety of pharmacological effects have been described for MC crude extracts and active molecules, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral, antitumor, antidiabetic, organ protection, and neuroprotective activities, as well as treating cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacokinetics has been also used in the study of MC, including its crude extracts or chemical constituents, in order to explore the therapeutic mechanism, direct clinically appropriate application and provide new ideas for the exploitation of innovative medicines. CONCLUSION Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated that MC, as a significant therapeutic resource, has the ability to heal a wide range of diseases, particularly female genital and cardiovascular problems. These researches propose therapeutic ideas for the development of novel MC medicines. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical study have verified several observed pharmacological properties related with the traditional usages of MC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Liu
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Huixin Bai
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jun Mu
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ruonan Yan
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Chen S, Li H. The crystal structure of bis(2-acetyl-5-methoxyphenyl)carbonate 1.5 hydrate, C 19H 18O 7. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C19H18O7, orthorhombic, P21212 (no. 18), a = 12.467(3) Å, b = 39.168(8) Å, c = 7.6005(16) Å, V = 3711.4(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0440, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1054, T = 296.15 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy , Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University , Lianyungang, 222000 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Sai Chen
- Department of Pharmacy , Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University , Lianyungang, 222000 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Honglei Li
- Department of Pharmacy , Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University , Lianyungang, 222000 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vellasamy S, Murugan D, Abas R, Alias A, Seng WY, Woon CK. Biological Activities of Paeonol in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:4976. [PMID: 34443563 PMCID: PMC8400614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonol is a naturally existing bioactive compound found in the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa and it is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. To date, a great deal of studies has been reported on the pharmacological effects of paeonol and its mechanisms of action in various diseases and conditions. In this review, the underlying mechanism of action of paeonol in cardiovascular disease has been elucidated. Recent studies have revealed that paeonol treatment improved endothelium injury, demoted inflammation, ameliorated oxidative stress, suppressed vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and repressed platelet activation. Paeonol has been reported to effectively protect the cardiovascular system either employed alone or in combination with other traditional medicines, thus, signifying it could be a hypothetically alternative or complementary atherosclerosis treatment. This review summarizes the biological and pharmacological activities of paeonol in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and its associated underlying mechanisms for a better insight for future clinical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Vellasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarum 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Dharmani Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Aspalilah Alias
- Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia;
- Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Wu Yuan Seng
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou T, Wang Z, Guo M, Zhang K, Geng L, Mao A, Yang Y, Yu F. Puerarin induces mouse mesenteric vasodilation and ameliorates hypertension involving endothelial TRPV4 channels. Food Funct 2021; 11:10137-10148. [PMID: 33155599 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02356f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin (Pue) is an isoflavone derived from the root of Pueraria lobata, which has been widely used as food and a herb for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+-permeable channel with multiple modes of activation, plays an important role in vascular endothelial function and vasodilation. However, no reports have shown the effects of Pue on TRPV4 channels and mouse small mesenteric arteries. In the present study, we performed a molecular docking assay by using Discovery Studio 3.5 software to predict the binding of Pue to TRPV4 protein. The activation of TRPV4 by Pue was determined by intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), live-cell fluorescent Ca2+ imaging and patch clamp assays. Molecular docking results indicated a high possibility of Pue-TPRV4 binding. [Ca2+]i and Ca2+ imaging assays showed that Pue activated TRPV4 channels and increased [Ca2+]i in TRPV4-overexpressing HEK293 (TRPV4-HEK293) cells and primary mouse mesenteric artery endothelial cells (MAECs). Patch clamp assay demonstrated that Pue stimulated the TRPV4-mediated cation currents. Additionally, Pue relaxed mouse mesenteric arteries involving the TRPV4-small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (SKCa)/intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (IKCa) pathway, and reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice. Our study found for the first time that Pue acts as a TRPV4 agonist, induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation in mouse mesenteric arteries, and attenuates blood pressure in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice, highlighting the beneficial effect of Pue in treating endothelial dysfunction-related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang F, Yan HL, Wang LX, Xu JF, Peng C, Ao H, Tan YZ. Review of Natural Resources With Vasodilation: Traditional Medicinal Plants, Natural Products, and Their Mechanism and Clinical Efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627458. [PMID: 33867985 PMCID: PMC8048554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, chronic diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) have plagued the world. Meanwhile, we have noticed a close association between CCVDs and vascular lesions, such as hypertension. More focus has been placed on TMPs and natural products with vasodilation and hypotension. TMPs with vasodilatory and hypotensive activities are mainly from Compositae, Lamiaceae, and Orchidaceae (such as V. amygdalina Del., T. procuinbens L., M. glomerata Spreng., K. galanga L., etc.) whereas natural products eliciting vasorelaxant potentials were primarily from flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids (such as apigenin, puerarin, curcumin, sinomenine, etc.). Furthermore, the data analysis showed that the vasodilatory function of TMPs was mainly concerned with the activation of eNOS, while the natural products were primarily correlated with the blockage of calcium channel. Thus, TMPs will be used as alternative drugs and nutritional supplements, while natural products will be considered as potential therapies for CCVDs in the future. This study provides comprehensive and valuable references for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and CCVDs and sheds light on the further studies in this regard. However, since most studies are in vitro and preclinical, there is a need for more in-depth researches and clinical trials to understand the potential of these substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Wu G, Chu H, Wu Z, Sun J. Paeonol Derivatives and Pharmacological Activities: A Review of Recent Progress. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:466-482. [PMID: 31644406 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191015204223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy acetophenone, is one of the main active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine such as Cynanchum paniculatum, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Modern medical research has shown that paeonol has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In recent years, a large number of studies have been carried out on the structure modification of paeonol and the mechanism of action of paeonol derivatives has been studied. Some paeonol derivatives exhibit good pharmacological activities in terms of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic analgesic, antioxidant and other pharmacological effects. Herein, the research progress on paeonol derivatives and their pharmacological activities were systematically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guiying Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haiping Chu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongyu Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyong Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou X, Xia W, Zhang Y, Ma J, Zhou H, Dong L, Fu X. Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag. ex H. Hara: A review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112994. [PMID: 32473366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag. ex H. Hara (C. paniculatum), is a broadly used traditional medicinal plant by East Asians. The roots and rhizomes of this herb were named 'Xu-Chang-Qing' since the Qin or Han Dynasty (B.C.221-220) in China. It is pungent and warm in nature and associated with the liver and stomach meridians. Moreover, the efficacy of this herb are dispelling wind, resolving dampness, relieving pain and itching. It is used for treating the onset of rheumatic arthralgia, stomachache, toothache, lumbago, soft tissue injury, rubella and eczema. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review about the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. paniculatum on the strength of the studies in the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search on previous literature was conducted on databases such as Web of Science, Pubmed, Sciencedirect, American Chemical Society (ACS), Google scholar and China national knowledge internet (CNKI). The search was based on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. paniculatum. The key search words were 'Cynanchum paniculatum' and 'Radix Cynanchi Paniculati'. In addition, some published books were searched for more information on the herb. RESULTS Over 150 compounds have been isolated and identified from C. paniculatum, including C21 steroids, volatile oils, carbohydrates and phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids. Extensive pharmacological activities of the extracts or compounds of C. paniculatum in vivo and in vitro were confirmed including anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, sedative antiviral, antitumor, neuroprotective, treating snake bites, immunomodulatory, anti-radiation, vasodilatory, acaricidal potentials and anti-adipogenic activities. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. paniculatum were reviewed. This herb has long been used as traditional medicine. It was reported with numerous chemical ingredients and various pharmacological activities with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotection, etc. In the future, C. paniculatum still needs further study, such as identifying the active compounds, clarifying the pharmacological mechanisms, discussing quality and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xirong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Wenxin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jiahua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Lin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen JX, Cheng CS, Chen J, Lv LL, Chen ZJ, Chen C, Zheng L. Cynanchum paniculatum and Its Major Active Constituents for Inflammatory-Related Diseases: A Review of Traditional Use, Multiple Pathway Modulations, and Clinical Applications. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7259686. [PMID: 32774428 PMCID: PMC7396087 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7259686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cynanchum paniculatum Radix, known as Xuchangqing in Chinese, is commonly prescribed in Chinese Medicine (CM) for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory property of Cynanchum paniculatum can be traced from its wind-damp removing, collaterals' obstruction relieving, and toxins counteracting effects as folk medicine in CM. This paper systematically reviewed the research advancement of the pharmacological effects of Cynanchum paniculatum among a variety of human diseases, including diseases of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urogenital, hematopoietic, endocrine and metabolomic, neurological, skeletal, and rheumatological systems and malignant diseases. This review aims to link the long history of clinical applications of Cynanchum paniculatum in CM with recent biomedical investigations. The major bioactive chemical compositions of Cynanchum paniculatum and their associated action mechanism unveiled by biomedical investigations as well as the present clinical applications and future perspectives are discussed. The major focuses of this review are on the diverse mechanisms of Cynanchum paniculatum and the role of its active components in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
- Workstation of Xia Xiang, National Master of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ling-Ling Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zi-Jie Chen
- Shanghai Yangpu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatrics Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
- Workstation of Xia Xiang, National Master of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Huang C, Fu W, Zhang H, Lao Y, Zhou H, Tan H, Xu H. Screening of the active fractions from the Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Flower on diabetic endothelial protection and determination of the underlying mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112645. [PMID: 32045684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. flower (CTF) has been used traditionally in China for treating hypertension and diabetes as well as reducing body weight and blood fat. However, the vascular protection effect of the CTF has not been studied to date. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to screen and identify bioactive fractions from the CTF with a diabetic endothelial protection effect and to clarify the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The vascular protection effect of Fraction A was studied in high-fat diet and streptozocin-induced diabetic models. The endothelial protection effect of Fraction A-2 was further studied in an in vitro vascular endothelial dysfunction model induced by high glucose. In a high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model, Fractions A-2-2 and A-2-3 were screened, and their detailed mechanisms of endothelial protection were studied. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the main components in Fractions A-2-2 and A-2-3. RESULTS Fraction A treatment significantly improved the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the mesenteric artery induced by acetylcholine in diabetic rats. The maximum relaxation was 79.82 ± 2.45% in the control group, 64.36 ± 9.81% in the model group, and 91.87 ± 7.38% in the Fraction A treatment group (P < 0.01). Fraction A treatment also decreased rat tail pressure compared with the model group at the 12th week. The systolic blood pressure was 152.7 5 ± 16.99 mmHg in the control group, 188.50 ± 5.94 mmHg in the model group, and 172.60 ± 14.31 mmHg in the Fraction A treatment group (P < 0.05). The mean blood pressure was 128.50 ± 13.79 mmHg in the control group, 157.00 ± 6.06 mmHg in the model group, and 144.80 ± 11.97 mmHg in the Fraction A treatment group (P < 0.05). In an in vitro vascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation dysfunction model induced by high glucose, Fraction A-2 improved the vasodilation of the mesenteric artery. The maximum relaxation was 82.15 ± 16.24% in the control group, 73.29 ± 14.25% in the model group, and 79.62 ± 13.89% in the Fraction A-2 treatment group (P < 0.05). In a high glucose-induced HUVEC model, Fraction A-2-2 and Fraction A-2-3 upregulated the expression of IRS-1, Akt, and eNOS and increased the levels of p-IRS-1Ser307, p-Akt Ser473, and p-eNOSSer1177 and also decreased the expression of NOX4, TNF-α, IL-6, sVCAM, sICAM, and NF-κB (P < 0.01). With the intervention of AG490 and LY294002, the above effects of Fraction A-2-2 and Fraction A-2-3 were inhibited (P < 0.01). LC-MS data showed that in Fraction A-2-2 and Fraction A-2-3, there were 10 main components: flavanocorepsin; polyphenolic; flavanomarein; isochlorogenic acid A; dicaffeoylquinic acid; coreopsin; marein; coreopsin; luteolin-7-O-glucoside; and 3',5,5',7-tetrahydroxyflavanone-O-hexoside. CONCLUSION The protective effect of the CTF on diabetic endothelial dysfunction may be due to its effect on the JAK2/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and the related oxidative stress and inflammation. The results strongly suggested that Fraction A-2-2 and Fraction A-2-3 were the active fractions from the CTF, and the CTF might be a potential option for the prevention of vascular complications in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Chaoran Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wenwei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yuanzhi Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahant S, Kumar S, Nanda S, Rao R. Microsponges for dermatological applications: Perspectives and challenges. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:273-291. [PMID: 32636947 PMCID: PMC7327759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatological disorders have a huge psychosocial impact, causing significant impairment of patient's life. Topical therapy plays a pivotal role in management of such disorders. Conventional topical delivery systems result in overmedication/undermedication, leading to adverse effects and reduction in therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, researchers have been striving towards the development of alternative delivery systems for dermatological applications. In the last decade, microsponges emerged as an attractive option for topical delivery. Their characteristic particle size offers enhanced benefits, making them superior to the contemporary microcarriers. The present review furnishes a comprehensive account of state of the art, important factors affecting the performance and mechanism of drug release from topically applied microsponges, along with characterization techniques. Further, a list of marketed products and their applications for common dermatological disorders has been presented. All in all, this paper is an attempt to lay a bibliographic foundation for researchers working in this field and foster further investigations in this arena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Zhang R, Shen Y, Qiao S, Hui Z, Chen J. Shimian granules improve sleep, mood and performance of shift nurses in association changes in melatonin and cytokine biomarkers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:592-605. [PMID: 32079428 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1730880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Shift nurses are prone to sleep problems and impaired nighttime alertness, with risk for reduced health status plus decreased performance, handling errors, and workplace accidents. Attention to and improvements in the situation of shift nurses are urgent. Shimian granules (SMG), an improved formula of Jieyuanshen with liver qingre and yangxin tranquilizing effects, for more than a decade has been used in China as a herbal treatment of sleep disorders in clinical practice. However, clinical data on SMG have rarely been reported. This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial (ChiCTR-IOR-17013031) aimed to explore whether Shimian granules (SMG) improves sleep and affective state in shift nurses and in association with changes in concentrations of salivary cytokines. Fifty-three rotating-shift female nurses with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score ≥8 were orally treated with 10.0 g SMG or placebo 2 times daily (30 min after breakfast and 30 min before bed) for 1 month. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a psychomotor vigilance task, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A/HADS-D), and levels of four salivary cytokines were evaluated by single time-of-day sampling at baseline and after 1 month of treatment. Significantly lower ISI, HADS, HADS-A, and HADS-D scores, but higher 1/mean reaction time (1/mRT) score, were found in shift nurses treated with SMG than in those who received placebo, and these effects were associated with changes in salivary melatonin, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. These latter findings suggest melatonin, TNF, and IL-6 levels may be suitable biomarkers of ISI score in shift nurses, whereas TNF level may be a suitable biomarker of 1/mRT score and IL-6 level a suitable biomarker of HADS score in response to SMG treatment. The results of this pilot study suggest SMG can effectively improve sleep, alertness, plus anxiety and depression symptoms in shift nurses in association with changes in salivary cytokine levels. The results of this study provide an experimental basis for the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of insomnia and underlying mechanisms of their actions that require detailed future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruihuan Zhang
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuzhen Qiao
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenliang Hui
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paeonol: pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:413-421. [PMID: 31030097 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Paeonia suffruticosa possesses various medicinal benefits and has been used extensively in traditional oriental medicine for thousands of years. Paeonol is the main component isolated from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa. The pharmacological effects of Paeonia suffruticosa are mostly attributed to paeonol. Paeonol injection has been successfully applied in China for nearly 50 years for inflammation/pain-related indications. Currently, the dosage forms of paeonol approved by China Food and Drug Administration include tablet, injection, and external preparations such as ointment and adhesive plaster. So far, the clinical applications of paeonol are mainly focusing on the anti-inflammatory activity. Studies of other pharmacological activities of paeonol are developing rapidly, and which may play an important role in the future. Besides, substantial mechanisms of pharmacological action of paeonol have been clarified in recent years. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological effects anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-cardiovascular diseases and associated mechanisms of action of paeonol up to date.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu L, Qin Y, Chen C, Guo X. Beneficial Effects Exerted by Paeonol in the Management of Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1098617. [PMID: 30524649 PMCID: PMC6247470 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1098617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic luminal stenosis disorder occurred in large and medium arteries, is the principle pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. In oriental countries, traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Moutan has been widely used for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related illnesses for thousands of years. Paeonol, a bioactive monomer extracted from Cortex Moutan, is an important pharmacological component responsible for the antiatherosclerotic effects. Numerous lines of findings have established that paeonol offers beneficial roles against the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions through inhibiting proatherogenic processes, such as endothelium damage, chronic inflammation, disturbance of lipid metabolism, uncontrolled oxidative stress, excessive growth, and mobilization of vascular smooth muscle cells as well as abnormality of platelet activation. Investigations identifying the atheroprotective effects of paeonol present substantial evidence for potential clinical application of paeonol as a therapeutic agent in atherosclerosis management. In this review, we summarize the antiatherosclerotic actions by which paeonol suppresses atherogenesis and provide newly insights into its atheroprotective mechanisms and the future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yating Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kwon MH, Jeong JS, Ryu J, Cho YW, Kang HE. Pharmacokinetics and Brain Distribution of the Active Components of DA-9805, Saikosaponin A, Paeonol, and Imperatorin in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030133. [PMID: 30127277 PMCID: PMC6160927 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DA-9805 is a botanical anti-Parkinson’s drug candidate formulated from ethanol extracts of the root of Bupleurum falcatum, the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa, and the root of Angelica dahurica. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) and brain distribution of active/representative ingredients of DA-9805, Saikosaponin a (SSa; 1.1–4.6 mg/kg), Paeonol (PA; 14.8–59.2 mg/kg), and Imperatorin (IMP; 1.4–11.5 mg/kg) were evaluated following the intravenous or oral administration of each pure component and the equivalent dose of DA-9805 in rats. All three components had greater dose-normalized areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and slower clearance with higher doses, following intravenous administration. By contrast, dose-proportional AUC values of SSa, PA, and IMP were observed following the oral administration of each pure component (with the exception of IMP at the highest dose) or DA-9805. Compared to oral administration of each pure compound, DA-9805 administration showed an increase in the AUC of SSa (by 96.1–163%) and PA (by 155–164%), possibly due to inhibition of their metabolism by IMP or other component(s) in DA-9805. A delay in the absorption of PA and IMP was observed when they were administered as DA-9805. All three components of DA-9805 showed greater binding values in brain homogenates than in plasma, possibly explaining why the brain-to-plasma ratios were greater than unity following multiple oral administrations of DA-9805. By contrast, their levels in cerebrospinal fluid were negligible. Our results further our understanding of the comprehensive PK characteristics of SSa, PA, and IMP in rats and the comparative PKs between each pure component and DA-9805.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| | - Jin Seok Jeong
- Research Center, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., 21 Geumhwa-ro, 105beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17073, Korea.
| | - Jayoung Ryu
- Research Center, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., 21 Geumhwa-ro, 105beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17073, Korea.
| | - Young Woong Cho
- Research Center, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., 21 Geumhwa-ro, 105beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17073, Korea.
| | - Hee Eun Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li T, Xu K, Che D, Huang Z, Jahan N, Wang S. Endothelium-independent vasodilator effect of isocorynoxeine in vitro isolated from the hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miquel). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1285-1293. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
17
|
Choy KW, Lau YS, Murugan D, Vanhoutte PM, Mustafa MR. Paeonol Attenuates LPS-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Apoptosis by Inhibiting BMP4 and TLR4 Signaling Simultaneously but Independently. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:420-432. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
18
|
Han XM, Wu SX, Wu MF, Yang XF. Antioxidant effect of peony seed oil on aging mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1703-1708. [PMID: 30263708 PMCID: PMC6049733 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-galactose was injected into mice of ages 4-5 months, and peony seed oil was administered using an oral gavage to assess its possible anti-aging functions. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and liver of these mice were determined using biochemical kits. The significance of the differences in the content of the components associated with aging and anti-aging among each group was analyzed statistically. The MDA content and activities of MAO in the brain and liver of mice in the peony seed oil group were significantly lower than those in the aging group. The activities of GSH-Px, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD in the brain and liver of mice in the peony seed oil group were very significantly higher than those in the aging group. Peony seed oil was determined to have an obvious anti-aging function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Miao Han
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Su-Xi Wu
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
- Haorui Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Mei-Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- School Hospital, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kwon MH, Jeong JS, Ryu J, Cho YW, Kang HE. Simultaneous determination of saikosaponin a, paeonol, and imperatorin, components of DA-9805, in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:289-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
20
|
Wang ZQ, Shen J, Li P, Liu SS, Yi F, Liu HB, Wu FR, He CN, Chen FH, Xiao PG. Research on Quality Markers of Moutan Cortex : Quality Evaluation and Quality Standards of Moutan Cortex. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(17)60110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
21
|
Wang Z, He C, Peng Y, Chen F, Xiao P. Origins, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Analytical Methods and Safety of Cortex Moutan (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrew): A Systematic Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E946. [PMID: 28590441 PMCID: PMC6152737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortex Moutan (CM), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for treating various diseases in China and other eastern Asian countries. Recorded in Pharmacopeias of several countries, CM is now drawing increasing attention and under extensive studies in various fields. Phytochemical studies indicate that CM contains many valuable secondary metabolites, such as monoterpene glycosides and phenols. Ample evidence from pharmacological researches suggest that CM has a wide spectrum of activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, various analytical methods were established for the quality evaluation and safety control of CM. This review synopsizes updated information concerning the origins, phytochemistry, pharmacology, analytical method and safety of CM, aiming to provide favorable references for modern CM research and application. In conclusion, continuing pharmacological investigations concerning CM should be conducted to unravel its pharmacological mechanisms. Further researches are necessary to obtain comprehensive and applicable analytical approach for quality evaluation and establish harmonized criteria of CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yong Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Feihu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang JY, Lei L, Shang J, Huo TM, Zhang B, Chen G, Zeng ZY, Li SK. Local application of paeonol prevents early restenosis: a study with a rabbit vein graft model. J Surg Res 2016; 212:278-287. [PMID: 28550918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neointimal hyperplasia, which is caused by dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells (VECs), is a foundation for later development of vein grafted occlusion. This study investigates whether neointimal hyperplasia could be prevented by the application of paeonol, a phenolic compound having functions of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-proliferative. METHODS Autologous jugular veins, which engrafted to carotid arteries in rabbits, were enveloped with paeonol or left untreated. After 0, 2, and 3 wk, vein grafts were respectively harvested. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular cell adhesion molecule l (VCAM-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 were assessed with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. VECs apoptosis was also detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. RESULTS Paeonol treatment reduced early neointimal hyperplasia by 42%-46% (P < 0.001) and early medial hyperplasia by 18%-22% (P < 0.001) compared with the controls. Immunohistochemical and Western blot results show a significant downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (P < 0.001) and VCAM-1 (P < 0.001) in paeonol treatment group in the second and third weeks. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling analysis discovered that VECs apoptosis was also reduced by the paeonol treatment in the second and third weeks (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Paeonol could prevent vein graft early restenosis by suppressing intimal and medial hyperplasia via inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, VCAM-1 expression, and anti-apoptosis of VECs in grafted veins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Yu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Luo Lei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Shang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tian-Ming Huo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Shi-Kang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma L, Chuang CC, Weng W, Zhao L, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zuo L. Paeonol Protects Rat Heart by Improving Regional Blood Perfusion during No-Reflow. Front Physiol 2016; 7:298. [PMID: 27493631 PMCID: PMC4954854 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
No-reflow phenomenon, defined as inadequate perfusion of myocardium without evident artery obstruction, occurs at a high incidence after coronary revascularization. The mechanisms underlying no-reflow is only partially understood. It is commonly caused by the swelling of endothelial cells, neutrophil accumulation, and vasoconstriction, which are all related to acute inflammation. Persistent no-reflow can lead to hospitalization and mortality. However, an effective preventive intervention has not yet been established. We have previously found that paeonol, an active extraction from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, can benefit the heart function by inhibiting tissue damage after ischemia, reducing inflammation, and inducing vasodilatation. To further investigate the potential cardioprotective action of paeonol on no-reflow, healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 4 h followed by reperfusion for 8 h), and I/R injury pretreated with paeonol at two different doses. Real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography was used to monitor regional blood perfusion and cardiac functions. Our data indicated that paeonol treatment significantly reduces myocardial infarct area and no-reflow area (n = 8; p < 0.05). Regional myocardial perfusion (A·β) and cardiac functions such as ejection fraction, stroke volume, and fractional shortening were elevated by paeonol (n = 8; p < 0.05). Paeonol also lowered the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, cardiac troponin T, and C-reactive protein, as indices of myocardial injury. Paeonol exerts beneficial effects on attenuating I/R-associated no-reflow injuries, and may be considered as a potential preventive treatment for cardiac diseases or post-coronary revascularization in which no-reflow often occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Weiliang Weng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiu Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Choy KW, Mustafa MR, Lau YS, Liu J, Murugan D, Lau CW, Wang L, Zhao L, Huang Y. Paeonol protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced endothelial dysfunction via AMPK/PPARδ signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 116:51-62. [PMID: 27449753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in endothelial cells often leads to endothelial dysfunction which underlies the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Paeonol, a major phenolic component extracted from Moutan Cortex, possesses various medicinal benefits which have been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study investigated the protective mechanism of paeonol against tunicamycin-induced ER stress in isolated mouse aortas and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Vascular reactivity in aorta was measured using a wire myograph. The effects of paeonol on protein expression of ER stress markers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) activity in the vascular wall were assessed by Western blot, dihydroethidium fluorescence (DHE) or lucigenin enhanced-chemiluminescence, 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM DA) and dual luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Ex vivo treatment with paeonol (0.1μM) for 16h reversed the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations in C57BJ/6J and PPARδ wild type (WT) mouse aortas following incubation with tunicamycin (0.5μg/mL). Elevated ER stress markers, oxidative stress and reduction of NO bioavailability induced by tunicamycin in HUVECs, C57BJ/6J and PPARδ WT mouse aortas were reversed by paeonol treatment. These beneficial effects of paeonol were diminished in PPARδ knockout (KO) mouse aortas. Paeonol increased the expression of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PPARδ expression and activity while restoring the decreased phosphorylation of eNOS. The present study delineates that paeonol protects against tunicamycin-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress, thus elevating NO bioavailability via the AMPK/PPARδ signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ker-Woon Choy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yeh Siang Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dharmani Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Overview of Antagonists Used for Determining the Mechanisms of Action Employed by Potential Vasodilators with Their Suggested Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2016; 21:495. [PMID: 27092479 PMCID: PMC6274436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper is a review on the types of antagonists and the signaling mechanism pathways that have been used to determine the mechanisms of action employed for vasodilation by test compounds. Thus, we exhaustively reviewed and analyzed reports related to this topic published in PubMed between the years of 2010 till 2015. The aim of this paperis to suggest the most appropriate type of antagonists that correspond to receptors that would be involved during the mechanistic studies, as well as the latest signaling pathways trends that are being studied in order to determine the route(s) that atest compound employs for inducing vasodilation. The methods to perform the mechanism studies were included. Fundamentally, the affinity, specificity and selectivity of the antagonists to their receptors or enzymes were clearly elaborated as well as the solubility and reversibility. All the signaling pathways on the mechanisms of action involved in the vascular tone regulation have been well described in previous review articles. However, the most appropriate antagonists that should be utilized have never been suggested and elaborated before, hence the reason for this review.
Collapse
|
26
|
Paeonol and danshensu combination attenuates apoptosis in myocardial infarcted rats by inhibiting oxidative stress: Roles of Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23693. [PMID: 27021411 PMCID: PMC4810373 DOI: 10.1038/srep23693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeonol and danshensu is the representative active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Cortex Moutan and Radix Salviae Milthiorrhizae, respectively. Paeonol and danshensu combination (PDSS) has putative cardioprotective effects in treating ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, the evidence for the protective effect is scarce and the pharmacological mechanisms of the combination remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of PDSS on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Assays of creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I and T and histopathological analysis revealed PDSS significantly prevented myocardial injury induced by ISO. The ISO-induced profound elevation of oxidative stress was also suppressed by PDSS. TUNEL and caspase-3 activity assay showed that PDSS significantly inhibited apoptosis in myocardia. In exploring the underlying mechanisms of PDSS, we found PDSS enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in myocardial injured rats. Furthermore, PDSS increased phosphorylated PI3K and Akt, which may in turn activate antioxidative and antiapoptotic signaling events in rat. These present findings demonstrated that PDSS exerts significant cardioprotective effects against ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats. The protective effect is, at least partly, via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and involvement of the PI3K/Akt cell survival signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
27
|
Moohammadaree A, Changtam C, Wicha P, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J, Tocharus C. Mechanisms of Vasorelaxation Induced by Hexahydrocurcuminin Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1806-13. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Moohammadaree
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Changtam
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Huachiew Chalermprakiet University; Samutprakarn 10540 Thailand
| | - Piyawadee Wicha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ramkhamhaeng University; Bangkok 10240 Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li SS, Li GF, Liu L, Li H, Jiang X, Li XL, Liu ZG, Zuo T, Weng LD, Liu Q. Optimization of paeonol-loaded microparticle formulation by response surface methodology. J Microencapsul 2015. [PMID: 26225493 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.918664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a central composite rotatable design based on response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design and formulate an appropriate paeonol microparticle formulation. Five levels of a three-factor, rotatable, central composite design were used to evaluate the critical formulation variables. The optimum conditions for preparing paeonol-loaded microparticles were predicted to be: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) content (2.84%), the ratio of drug to polymer (6.88) and the stirring rate (1007.59 rpm). The optimized responses for production yield and loading efficiency were found to be 68.86% and 55.90%, respectively, and the particle size were 23.27 ± 0.76 µm and the sorting coefficient (σ) was 0.732. Furthermore, in vitro release study suggested that microparticle could be a suitable delivery system in treating skin disease for its sustained release of drug. In conclusion, RSM can be successfully used to optimize the effect of formulation variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- a Pharmaceutical Department , the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , PR China .,b Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Guo-Feng Li
- b Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Li Liu
- c School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China , and
| | - Hui Li
- d Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- c School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China , and
| | - Xue-Ling Li
- c School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China , and
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- c School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China , and
| | - Ting Zuo
- c School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China , and
| | - Li-Dong Weng
- c School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China , and
| | - Qiang Liu
- c School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China , and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li X, Chen X, Yuan J, Qu L, Zhu H, Bi W, Zhao Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphoramide Piperazine Analogs of Paeonol. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.965822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001, Zhengzhou,, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001, Zhengzhou,, China
| | - Haisheng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhu Bi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pao KC, Zhao JF, Lee TS, Huang YP, Han CC, Sherlock Huang LC, Wu KH, Hsu MH. Low-dose paeonol derivatives alleviate lipid accumulation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a series of novel paeonol derivatives that prevent lipid accumulation at lower doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chuan Pao
- Nuclear Science & Technology Development Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Jin-Feng Zhao
- Department of Physiology
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei 11221
- Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Department of Physiology
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei 11221
- Taiwan
| | - Ying-Pei Huang
- Nuclear Science & Technology Development Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Chien-Chung Han
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chiang Sherlock Huang
- Nuclear Science & Technology Development Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Kou-Hung Wu
- Nuclear Science & Technology Development Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Hsu
- Nuclear Science & Technology Development Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
LI XIUYING, ZHOU YUANDA, YU CHAO, YANG HUI, ZHANG CHENGZHI, YE YUN, XIAO SHUNLIN. Paeonol suppresses lipid accumulation in macrophages via upregulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and downregulation of the cluster of differentiation 36. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:764-74. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
32
|
Zhao JF, Jim Leu SJ, Shyue SK, Su KH, Wei J, Lee TS. Novel effect of paeonol on the formation of foam cells: promotion of LXRα-ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux in macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1079-96. [PMID: 24117070 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Paeonol, a phenolic component purified from Paeonia suffruticosa (Cortex Moutan), is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the effect of paeonol on cholesterol metabolism. We investigated the efficacy of paeonol on cholesterol metabolism and the underlying mechanism in macrophages and apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Treatment with paeonol markedly attenuated cholesterol accumulation induced by oxidized LDL in macrophages, which was due to increased cholesterol efflux. Additionally, paeonol enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of ATP-binding membrane cassette transport protein A1 (ABCA1) but did not alter the protein level of ABCG1 or other scavenger receptors. Inhibition of ABCA1 activity with a pharmacological inhibitor, neutralizing antibody or small interfering RNA (siRNA), negated the effects of paeonol on cholesterol efflux and cholesterol accumulation. Furthermore, paeonol induced the nuclear translocation of liver X receptor α (LXRα) by increasing its activity. siRNA knockdown of LXRα abolished the paeonol-induced upregulation of ABCA1, promotion of cholesterol efflux and suppression of cholesterol accumulation. Moreover, atherosclerotic lesions, hyperlipidemia and systemic inflammation were reduced and the protein expression of ABCA1 was increased in aortas of paeonol-treated apoE(-/-) mice. Paeonol may alleviate the formation of foam cells by enhancing LXRα-ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Zhao
- Department of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yue GGL, Chan KM, To MH, Cheng L, Fung KP, Leung PC, Lau CBS. Potent airway smooth muscle relaxant effect of cynatratoside B, a steroidal glycoside isolated from Cynanchum stauntonii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1074-7. [PMID: 24761833 DOI: 10.1021/np4008969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The dried roots of Cynanchum stauntonii in having cough-relieving efficacy are commonly included in traditional antitussive formulas. The active components in a C. stauntonii root extract responsible for airway relaxation were isolated using an ex vivo bioassay-guided fractionation method, in which subfractions were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the contraction of isolated rat tracheal rings by isometric tension measurements. A steroidal glycoside, cynatratoside B (1), identified by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis, was shown to have potent inhibition on acetylcholine- and carbachol-induced tracheal contractions. The present data provide scientific evidence to support the traditional use of C. stauntonii as an antitussive herbal medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li SS, Li GF, Liu L, Jiang X, Zhang B, Liu ZG, Li XL, Weng LD, Zuo T, Liu Q. Evaluation of paeonol skin-target delivery from its microsponge formulation: in vitro skin permeation and in vivo microdialysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79881. [PMID: 24278204 PMCID: PMC3835837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to design a novel topical skin-target drug-delivery system, the paeonol microsponge, and to investigate its drug-release patterns in dosage form, both in vitro and in vivo. Paeonol microsponges were prepared using the quasi-emulsion solvent-diffusion method. In vitro release studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cells, while in vivo studies were investigated by microdialysis after the paeonol microsponges were incorporated into a cream base. In vitro release studies showed that the drug delivered via microsponges increased the paeonol permeation rate. Ex vivo drug-deposition studies showed that the microsponge formulation improved drug residence in skin. In addition, in vivo microdialysis showed that the values for the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) for the paeonol microsponge cream was much higher than that of paeonol cream without microsponges. Maximum time (Tmax) was 220 min for paeonol microsponge cream and 480 min for paeonol cream, while the half-life (t1/2) of paeonol microsponge cream (935.1 min) was almost twice that of paeonol cream (548.6 min) in the skin (n = 3). Meanwhile, in the plasma, the AUC value for paeonol microsponge cream was half that of the paeonol cream. Based on these results, paeonol-loaded microsponge formulations could be a better alternative for treating skin disease, as the formulation increases drug bioavailability by lengthening the time of drug residence in the skin and should reduce side-effects because of the lower levels of paeonol moving into the circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Feng Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-Ling Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Dong Weng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ting Zuo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hu J, Li YL, Li ZL, Li H, Zhou XX, Qiu PC, Yang Q, Wang SW. Chronic supplementation of paeonol combined with danshensu for the improvement of vascular reactivity in the cerebral basilar artery of diabetic rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:14565-78. [PMID: 23203081 PMCID: PMC3509597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death in the world is cerebrovascular disease. Numerous Chinese traditional medicines, such as Cortex Moutan (root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrew) and Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), protect against cerebrovascular diseases and exhibit anti-atherosclerotic effects. Traditional medicines have been routinely used for a long time in China. In addition, these two herbs are prescribed together in clinical practice. Therefore, the pharmacodynamic interactions between the active constituents of these two herbs, which are paeonol (Pae) and danshensu (DSS), should be particularly studied. The study of Pae and DSS can provide substantial foundations in understanding their mechanisms and empirical evidence to support clinical practice. This study investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of the pharmacodynamic interaction between Pae and DSS on cerebrovascular malfunctioning in diabetes. Experimental diabetes was induced in rats, which was then treated with Pae, DSS, and Pae + DSS for eight weeks. Afterward, cerebral arteries from all groups were isolated and equilibrated in an organ bath with Krebs buffer and ring tension. Effects of Pae, DSS, and Pae + DSS were observed on vessel relaxation with or without endothelium as well as on the basal tonus of vessels from normal and diabetic rats. Indexes about oxidative stress were also determined. We report that the cerebral arteries from diabetic rats show decreased vascular reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) which was corrected in Pae, DSS, and Pae + DSS treated groups. Furthermore, phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction response decreased in the treated groups. Phenylephrine and CaCl(2)-induced vasoconstrictions are partially inhibited in the three treated groups under Ca2+-free medium. Pre-incubated with tetraethylammonium, a non-selective K+ channel blocker, the antagonized relaxation responses increased in DSS and Pae + DSS treated diabetic groups compared with those in diabetic and Pae-treated diabetic groups. In addition, superoxide dismutase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content significantly changed in the presence of Pae + DSS. We therefore conclude that both Pae and DSS treatments prevent diabetes-induced vascular damage. Furthermore, Pae + DSS prove to be the most efficient treatment regimen. The combination of Pae and DSS produce significant protective effects through the reduction of oxidative stress and through intracellular Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (H.L.); (X.-X.Z.); (P.-C.Q.); (Q.Y.)
- General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China; E-Mail:
| | - Ya-Ling Li
- Department of Special Diagnosis, The Second Authority Clinic of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Lanzhou 730000, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (H.L.); (X.-X.Z.); (P.-C.Q.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (H.L.); (X.-X.Z.); (P.-C.Q.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Peng-Cheng Qiu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (H.L.); (X.-X.Z.); (P.-C.Q.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (H.L.); (X.-X.Z.); (P.-C.Q.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (H.L.); (X.-X.Z.); (P.-C.Q.); (Q.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li H, Xie YH, Yang Q, Wang SW, Zhang BL, Wang JB, Cao W, Bi LL, Sun JY, Miao S, Hu J, Zhou XX, Qiu PC. Cardioprotective effect of paeonol and danshensu combination on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48872. [PMID: 23139821 PMCID: PMC3490947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Cortex Moutan and Radix Salviae Milthiorrhizaeare are prescribed together for their putative cardioprotective effects in clinical practice. However, the rationale of the combined use remains unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of paeonol and danshensu (representative active ingredient of Cortex Moutan and Radix Salviae Milthiorrhizae, respectively) on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Methodology Paeonol (80 mg kg−1) and danshensu (160 mg kg−1) were administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats in individual or in combination for 21 days. At the end of this period, rats were administered isoproterenol (85 mg kg−1) subcutaneously to induce myocardial injury. After induction, rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (35 mg kg−1) to record electrocardiogram, then sacrificed and biochemical assays of the heart tissues were performed. Principal Findings Induction of rats with isoproterenol resulted in a marked (P<0.001) elevation in ST-segment, infarct size, level of serum marker enzymes (CK-MB, LDH, AST and ALT), cTnI, TBARS, protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3 and a significant decrease in the activities of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST) and protein expression of Bcl-2. Pretreatment with paeonol and danshensu combination showed a significant (P<0.001) decrease in ST-segment elevation, infarct size, cTnI, TBARS, protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3 and a significant increase in the activities of endogenous antioxidants and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Nrf2 when compared with individual treated groups. Conclusions/Significance This study demonstrates the cardioprotective effect of paeonol and danshensu combination on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. The mechanism might be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant defense system through activating of Nrf2 signaling and anti-apoptosis through regulating Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3. It could provide experimental evidence to support the rationality of combinatorial use of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SWW); (BLZ)
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SWW); (BLZ)
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Bi
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qiu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Paeonol Attenuates Microglia-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress–Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Primary Microglia and Cortical Neurons. Shock 2012; 37:312-8. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31823fe939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
38
|
Yue GGL, Chan BCL, Kwok HF, To MH, Hon KL, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Leung PC. Screening for Anti-inflammatory and Bronchorelaxant Activities of 12 Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicines. Phytother Res 2011; 26:915-25. [PMID: 22105892 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace G. L. Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ben C. L. Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Hin-Fai Kwok
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ming-Ho To
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Lun Hon
- Department of Pediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Clara B. S. Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vasodilatation produced by Fasudil Mesylate in vivo and in vitro. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 55:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Paeonol increases levels of cortical cytochrome oxidase and vascular actin and improves behavior in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2011; 1388:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|