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Bontempo P, Capasso L, De Masi L, Nebbioso A, Rigano D. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds Acting through Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Findings and Future Directions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2399. [PMID: 39125279 PMCID: PMC11314203 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. These diseases have a multifaceted nature being influenced by a multitude of biochemical, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Epigenetic modifications have a crucial role in the onset and progression of CVD. Epigenetics, which regulates gene activity without altering the DNA's primary structure, can modulate cardiovascular homeostasis through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. The effects of environmental stimuli on CVD are mediated by epigenetic changes, which can be reversible and, hence, are susceptible to pharmacological interventions. This represents an opportunity to prevent diseases by targeting harmful epigenetic modifications. Factors such as high-fat diets or nutrient deficiencies can influence epigenetic enzymes, affecting fetal growth, metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that plant-derived bioactive compounds can modulate epigenetic regulators and inflammatory responses, contributing to the cardioprotective effects of diets. Understanding these nutriepigenetic effects and their reversibility is crucial for developing effective interventions to combat CVD. This review delves into the general mechanisms of epigenetics, its regulatory roles in CVD, and the potential of epigenetics as a CVD therapeutic strategy. It also examines the role of epigenetic natural compounds (ENCs) in CVD and their potential as intervention tools for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Huang K, Yang W, Shi M, Wang S, Li Y, Xu Z. The Role of TPM3 in Protecting Cardiomyocyte from Hypoxia-Induced Injury via Cytoskeleton Stabilization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6797. [PMID: 38928503 PMCID: PMC11203979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major global health concern, with ischemia-reperfusion injury exacerbating myocardial damage despite therapeutic interventions. In this study, we investigated the role of tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) in protecting cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury and oxidative stress. Using the AC16 and H9c2 cell lines, we established a chemical hypoxia model by treating cells with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to simulate low-oxygen conditions. We found that CoCl2 treatment significantly upregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in cardiomyocytes, indicating the successful induction of hypoxia. Subsequent morphological and biochemical analyses revealed that hypoxia altered cardiomyocyte morphology disrupted the cytoskeleton, and caused cellular damage, accompanied by increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicative of oxidative stress. Lentivirus-mediated TPM3 overexpression attenuated hypoxia-induced morphological changes, cellular damage, and oxidative stress imbalance, while TPM3 knockdown exacerbated these effects. Furthermore, treatment with the HDAC1 inhibitor MGCD0103 partially reversed the exacerbation of hypoxia-induced injury caused by TPM3 knockdown. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analysis suggested that TPM3 may modulate cardiac muscle development, contraction, and adrenergic signaling pathways. In conclusion, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of TPM3 modulation in mitigating hypoxia-associated cardiac injury, suggesting a promising avenue for the treatment of ischemic heart disease and other hypoxia-related cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Weijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Mingxuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (W.Y.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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Epigenetic regulation in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:200. [PMID: 35752619 PMCID: PMC9233709 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Genome-wide linkage and association analyses and candidate gene approaches illustrate the multigenic complexity of cardiovascular disease. Several epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, which are of importance for cardiovascular disease development and regression. Targeting epigenetic key enzymes, especially the DNA methyltransferases, histone methyltransferases, histone acetylases, histone deacetylases and their regulated target genes, could represent an attractive new route for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we summarize the knowledge on epigenetic history and essential regulatory mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the preclinical studies and drugs that are targeted these epigenetic key enzymes for cardiovascular diseases therapy. Finally, we conclude the clinical trials that are going to target some of these processes.
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Zhang F, Guo X, Xia Y, Mao L. An update on the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:6. [PMID: 34936041 PMCID: PMC11072026 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in phenotypic switching in atherosclerosis. This switching is characterized by VSMC dedifferentiation, migration, and transdifferentiation into other cell types. VSMC phenotypic transitions have historically been considered bidirectional processes. Cells can adopt a physiological contraction phenotype or an alternative "synthetic" phenotype in response to injury. However, recent studies, including lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing studies, have shown that VSMCs downregulate contraction markers during atherosclerosis while adopting other phenotypes, including macrophage-like, foam cell, mesenchymal stem-like, myofibroblast-like, and osteochondral-like phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanism and processes regulating the switching of VSMCs at the onset of atherosclerosis are still unclear. This systematic review aims to review the critical outstanding challenges and issues that need further investigation and summarize the current knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Bae I, Lim KS, Park JK, Song JH, Oh SH, Kim JW, Zhang Z, Park C, Koh JT. Evaluation of cellular response and drug delivery efficacy of nanoporous stainless steel material. Biomater Res 2021; 25:30. [PMID: 34565474 PMCID: PMC8474832 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various surface modification techniques that can further improve the function and usability of stainless steel as a medical device have been reported. In the present study, the physical and biological properties of nanoporous stainless steel as well as its usefulness for drug delivery were assessed. METHODS The specimen was prepared with a circular disk shape (15 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness). The disk was subjected to electropolishing at a constant voltage of 20 V and 10 A for 10 min in an acidic environment (50% H2SO4). Everolimus (EVL) was used as a testing drug for drug-loading capacity of the material surface and release kinetics. The physiobiological properties of the material were assessed using platelet adhesion, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) adhesion, migration, and proliferation assays. RESULTS The surface roughness of the postpolishing group was greater than that of the nonpolishing group. Platelet adhesion and SMC adhesion and migration were inhibited in the postpolishing group compared to those in the prepolishing group. In the postpolishing group, the total amount of EVL on the surface (i.e., drug storage rate) was higher and the drug release rate was lower, with half the amount of the EVL released within 4 days compared with only 1 day for that of the prepolishing group. CONCLUSION Taken together, this stainless steel with a nanoporous surface could be used as a medical device for controlling cellular responses and carrying drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Bae
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seob Lim
- National Primate Research Center & Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Song
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Oh
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kim
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Zijiao Zhang
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Chen L, Shang C, Wang B, Wang G, Jin Z, Yao F, Yue Z, Bai L, Wang R, Zhao S, Liu E, Wang W. HDAC3 inhibitor suppresses endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via modulating inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114716. [PMID: 34339713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A total number of 18 different isoforms of histone deacetylases (HDACs) which were categorized into 4 classes have been identified in human. HDAC3 is categorized as class I HDACs and is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Recent evidence has pointed to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as a key process in vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the effect of HDAC3 on EndMT in atherosclerosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of HDAC3 specific inhibitor on EndMT in ApoE-/- mice fed a Western diet and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by inflammatory cytokines. Firstly, we found that HDAC3 expression was up-regulated and EndMT occurred in the aortas of ApoE-/- mice compared with C57BL/6J mice. However, HDAC3 specific inhibitor RGFP966 alleviated atherosclerotic lesions and inhibited EndMT of the atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- mice. Then, in vitro study showed that inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β co-treatment increased the expression of HDAC3 and induced EndMT in HUVECs. HDAC3 inhibition by siRNA or specific inhibitor RGFP966 suppressed EndMT in HUVECs stimulated with TNF-α and IL-1β. By contrast, HDAC3 overexpression by adenovirus further promoted EndMT of HUVECs. In addition, we found that HDAC3 also regulated the inflammatory response of HUVECs by modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the number of monocytes attached to HUVECs. These above results suggest that HDAC3 inhibitor suppresses EndMT via modulating inflammatory response in ApoE-/- mice and HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxu Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zejun Yue
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China.
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Hu C, Peng K, Wu Q, Wang Y, Fan X, Zhang DM, Passerini AG, Sun C. HDAC1 and 2 regulate endothelial VCAM-1 expression and atherogenesis by suppressing methylation of the GATA6 promoter. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5605-5619. [PMID: 33859766 PMCID: PMC8039941 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 on the activated arterial endothelial cell (EC) surface critically contributes to atherosclerosis which may in part be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. This study investigated whether and how the clinically available histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) inhibitor drug Romidepsin epigenetically modulates VCAM-1 expression to suppress atherosclerosis. Methods: VCAM-1 expression was analyzed in primary human aortic EC (HAEC) treated with Romidepsin or transfected with HDAC1/2-targeting siRNA. Methylation of GATA6 promoter region was examined with methylation-specific PCR assay. Enrichment of STAT3 to GATA6 promoter was detected with chromatin immunoprecipitation. Lys685Arg mutation was constructed to block STAT3 acetylation. The potential therapeutic effect of Romidepsin on atherosclerosis was evaluated in Apoe-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. Results: Romidepsin significantly attenuated TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression on HAEC surface and monocyte adhesion through simultaneous inhibition of HDAC1/2. This downregulation of VCAM-1 was attributable to reduced expression of transcription factor GATA6. Romidepsin enhanced STAT3 acetylation and its binding to DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), leading to hypermethylation of the GATA6 promoter CpG-rich region at +140/+255. Blocking STAT3 acetylation at Lys685 disrupted DNMT1-STAT3 interaction, decreased GATA6 promoter methylation, and reversed the suppressive effects of HDAC1/2 inhibition on GATA6 and VCAM-1 expression. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of Romidepsin reduced diet-induced atherosclerotic lesion development in Apoe-/- mice, accompanied by a reduction in GATA6/VCAM-1 expression in the aorta. Conclusions: HDAC1/2 contributes to VCAM-1 expression and atherosclerosis by suppressing STAT3 acetylation-dependent GATA6 promoter methylation. These findings may provide a rationale for HDAC1/2-targeting therapy in atherosclerotic heart disease.
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Maguire EM, Xiao Q. Noncoding RNAs in vascular smooth muscle cell function and neointimal hyperplasia. FEBS J 2020; 287:5260-5283. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eithne Margaret Maguire
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London UK
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou Medical University China
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Roles of Histone Acetylation Modifiers and Other Epigenetic Regulators in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093246. [PMID: 32375326 PMCID: PMC7247359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by calcium deposition inside arteries and is closely associated with the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). VC is now widely known to be an active process occurring in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) involving multiple mechanisms and factors. These mechanisms share features with the process of bone formation, since the phenotype switching from the contractile to the osteochondrogenic phenotype also occurs in VSMCs during VC. In addition, VC can be regulated by epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. Although VC is commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease and CVD, specific drugs for VC have not been developed. Thus, discovering novel therapeutic targets may be necessary. In this review, we summarize the current experimental evidence regarding the role of epigenetic regulators including histone deacetylases and propose the therapeutic implication of these regulators in the treatment of VC.
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Sun L, Lin P, Chen Y, Yu H, Ren S, Wang J, Zhao L, Du G. miR-182-3p/Myadm contribute to pulmonary artery hypertension vascular remodeling via a KLF4/p21-dependent mechanism. Theranostics 2020; 10:5581-5599. [PMID: 32373233 PMCID: PMC7196306 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: There is a continued need for investigating the roles of microRNAs and their targets on the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) vascular remodeling. We recently identified the association of myeloid miR-182-3p and its new target, Myeloid-Associated Differentiation Marker (Myadm), with vascular remodeling. Here, we aimed to determine the role of miR-182-3p/Myadm on PAH vascular remodeling and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: The miR-182-3p/Myadm expression profiles were detected in PAH patients and experimental rodent models. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies using gene knock-in or gene knock-out and the combinations of the proteomic technology and genome-wide ChIP-Seq were employed to determine the downstream targets of miR-182-3p/Myadm in response to monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Results: The miR-182-3p/Myadm expression was altered in PAH patients and experimental rodent models. Both miR-182-3p inhibitor and overexpression of Myadm augmented the pathological progression in rats in response to MCT-induced PAH. In contrast, miR-182-3p mimic and Myadm gene knockout attenuated the changes in the hemodynamics and structure of the cardio-pulmonary system in MCT-induced PAH in rats. Myadm mediated the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) by altering the cell cycle kinase inhibitor (p21/Cip1) expression through the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) translocation into the cytoplasm. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the prognostic and therapeutic significance of miR-182-3p in PAH and provide a new regulatory model of the myeloid-derived miR-182-3p/Myadm/KLF4/p21 axis in PAH vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College,1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peirong Lin
- Department of anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College,1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haoying Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College,1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyu Ren
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College,1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College,1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College,1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Lee DY, Chiu JJ. Atherosclerosis and flow: roles of epigenetic modulation in vascular endothelium. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:56. [PMID: 31387590 PMCID: PMC6685237 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunctions, including turnover enrichment, gap junction disruption, inflammation, and oxidation, play vital roles in the initiation of vascular disorders and atherosclerosis. Hemodynamic forces, i.e., atherprotective pulsatile (PS) and pro-atherogenic oscillatory shear stress (OS), can activate mechanotransduction to modulate EC function and dysfunction. This review summarizes current studies aiming to elucidate the roles of epigenetic factors, i.e., histone deacetylases (HDACs), non-coding RNAs, and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), in mechanotransduction to modulate hemodynamics-regulated EC function and dysfunction. Main body of the abstract OS enhances the expression and nuclear accumulation of class I and class II HDACs to induce EC dysfunction, i.e., proliferation, oxidation, and inflammation, whereas PS induces phosphorylation-dependent nuclear export of class II HDACs to inhibit EC dysfunction. PS induces overexpression of the class III HDAC Sirt1 to enhance nitric oxide (NO) production and prevent EC dysfunction. In addition, hemodynamic forces modulate the expression and acetylation of transcription factors, i.e., retinoic acid receptor α and krüppel-like factor-2, to transcriptionally regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRs). OS-modulated miRs, which stimulate proliferative, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative signaling, promote EC dysfunction, whereas PS-regulated miRs, which induce anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative signaling, inhibit EC dysfunction. PS also modulates the expression of long non-coding RNAs to influence EC function. i.e., turnover, aligmant, and migration. On the other hand, OS enhances the expression of DNMT-1 and -3a to induce EC dysfunction, i.e., proliferation, inflammation, and NO repression. Conclusion Overall, epigenetic factors play vital roles in modulating hemodynamic-directed EC dysfunction and vascular disorders, i.e., atherosclerosis. Understanding the detailed mechanisms through which epigenetic factors regulate hemodynamics-directed EC dysfunction and vascular disorders can help us to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis and develop potential therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yu Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,Collage of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Gu J, Lu Y, Deng M, Qiu M, Tian Y, Ji Y, Zong P, Shao Y, Zheng R, Zhou B, Sun W, Kong X. Inhibition of acetylation of histones 3 and 4 attenuates aortic valve calcification. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-14. [PMID: 31292436 PMCID: PMC6802657 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve calcification develops in patients with chronic kidney disease who have calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders and poor prognoses. There is no effective treatment except valve replacement. However, metabolic disorders put patients at high risk for surgery. Increased acetylation of histones 3 and 4 is present in interstitial cells from human calcific aortic valves, but whether it is involved in aortic valve calcification has not been studied. In this study, we found that treating cultured porcine aortic valve interstitial cells with a high-calcium/high-phosphate medium induced calcium deposition, apoptosis, and expression of osteogenic marker genes, producing a phenotype resembling valve calcification in vivo. These phenotypic changes were attenuated by the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor C646. C646 treatment increased the levels of class I histone deacetylase members and decreased the acetylation of histones 3 and 4 induced by the high-calcium/high-phosphate treatment. Conversely, the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid promoted valve interstitial cell calcification. In a mouse model of aortic valve calcification induced by adenine and vitamin D treatment, the levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4 were increased in the calcified aortic valves. Treatment of the models with C646 attenuated aortic valve calcification by restoring the levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4. These observations suggest that increased acetylation of histones 3 and 4 is part of the pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification associated with calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders. Targeting acetylated histones 3 and 4 may be a potential therapy for inoperable aortic valve calcification in chronic kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Menqing Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yunfan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, The Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China.
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14
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Romanick SS, Ferguson BS. The nonepigenetic role for small molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors in the regulation of cardiac function. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1345-1356. [PMID: 31161804 PMCID: PMC6714070 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight million US adults are projected to suffer from heart failure (HF) by 2030. Of concern, 5-year mortality rates following HF diagnosis approximate 40%. Small molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment and reversal of HF. Historically, HDACs were studied as regulators of nucleosomal histones, in which lysine deacetylation on histone tails changed DNA-histone protein electrostatic interactions, leading to chromatin condensation and changes in gene expression. However, recent proteomics studies have demonstrated that approximately 4500 proteins can be acetylated in various tissues; the function of most of these remains unknown. This Review will focus on the nonepigenetic role for lysine acetylation in the heart, with a focus on nonepigenetic actions for HDAC inhibitors on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Romanick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- COBRE Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- COBRE Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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15
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Bedenbender K, Scheller N, Fischer S, Leiting S, Preissner KT, Schmeck BT, Vollmeister E. Inflammation-mediated deacetylation of the ribonuclease 1 promoter via histone deacetylase 2 in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:9017-9029. [PMID: 31039328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900451r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease 1 (RNase1) is a circulating extracellular endonuclease that regulates the vascular homeostasis of extracellular RNA and acts as a vessel- and tissue-protective enzyme. Upon long-term inflammation, high amounts of proinflammatory cytokines affect endothelial cell (EC) function by down-regulation of RNase1. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of RNase1 upon inflammation in HUVECs. TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation reduced the expression of RNase1 relative to the acetylation state of histone 3 at lysine 27 and histone 4 of the RNASE1 promoter. Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 2, and 3 by the specific class I HDAC inhibitor MS275 abolished the TNF-α- or IL-1β-mediated effect on the mRNA and chromatin levels of RNase1. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation kinetics revealed that HDAC2 accumulates at the RNASE1 promoter upon TNF-α stimulation, indicating an essential role for HDAC2 in regulating RNase1 expression. Thus, proinflammatory stimulation induced recruitment of HDAC2 to attenuate histone acetylation at the RNASE1 promoter site. Consequently, treatment with HDAC inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic strategy to stabilize vascular homeostasis in the context of inflammation by preventing RNase1 down-regulation in ECs.-Bedenbender, K., Scheller, N., Fischer, S., Leiting, S., Preissner, K. T., Schmeck, B. T., Vollmeister, E. Inflammation-mediated deacetylation of the ribonuclease 1 promoter via histone deacetylase 2 in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bedenbender
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Scheller
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Leiting
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd T Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Vollmeister
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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16
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Renoprotective Effect of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor CG200745 in DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030508. [PMID: 30691015 PMCID: PMC6387176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel histone deacetylase inhibitor CG200745 was initially developed to treat various hematological and solid cancers. We investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with the renoprotective effects of CG200745 using deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive (DSH) rats. DOCA strips (200 mg/kg) were implanted into rats one week after unilateral nephrectomy. Two weeks after DOCA implantation, DSH rats were randomly divided into two groups that received either physiological saline or CG200745 (5 mg/kg/day) for another two weeks. The extent of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis was determined by Masson's trichrome staining. The renal expression of fibrosis and inflammatory markers was detected by semiquantitative immunoblotting, a polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Pathological signs such as glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, increased systolic blood pressure, decreased creatinine clearance, and increased albumin-to-creatinine ratios in DSH rats were alleviated by CG200745 treatment compared to those manifestations in positive control animals. Furthermore, this treatment counteracted the increased expression of αSMA, TGF-β1, and Bax, and the decreased expression of Bcl-2 in the kidneys of DSH rats. It also attenuated the increase in the number of apoptotic cells in DSH rats. Thus, CG200745 can effectively prevent the progression of renal injury in DSH rats by exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects.
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17
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Zhang M, Urabe G, Little C, Wang B, Kent AM, Huang Y, Kent KC, Guo LW. HDAC6 Regulates the MRTF-A/SRF Axis and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:782-795. [PMID: 30623138 PMCID: PMC6314972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Distinct from other histone deacetylases, HDAC6 primarily resides in the cytosol. Unexpectedly, HDAC6-selective inhibition (or silencing) enhances the nuclear activity of SRF. HDAC6 inhibition elevates acetylation and protein levels of myocardin-related transcription factor A, a cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling co-activator of SRF. Myocardin-related transcription factor A/SRF are known to critically regulate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic stability. HDAC6 inhibition prevents smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation in vitro and reduces neointima and restenosis in vivo.
Cellular plasticity is fundamental in biology and disease. Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) dedifferentiation (loss of contractile proteins) initiates and perpetrates vascular pathologies such as restenosis. Contractile gene expression is governed by the master transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF). Unlike other histone deacetylases, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) primarily resides in the cytosol. Whether HDAC6 regulates SRF nuclear activity was previously unknown in any cell type. This study found that selective inhibition of HDAC6 with tubastatin A preserved the contractile protein (alpha-smooth muscle actin) that was otherwise diminished by platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Tubastatin A also enhanced SRF transcriptional (luciferase) activity, and this effect was confirmed by HDAC6 knockdown. Interestingly, HDAC6 inhibition increased acetylation and total protein of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a transcription co-activator known to translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus, thereby activating SRF. Consistently, HDAC6 co-immunoprecipitated with MRTF-A. In vivo studies showed that tubastatin A treatment of injured rat carotid arteries mitigated neointimal lesion, which is known to be formed largely by dedifferentiated SMCs. This report is the first to show HDAC6 regulation of the MRTF-A/SRF axis and SMC plasticity, thus opening a new perspective for interventions of vascular pathologies.
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Key Words
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- EEL, external elastic lamina
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HDAC6
- IEL, internal elastic lamina
- IH, intimal hyperplasia
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MRTF-A
- MRTF-A, myocardin-related transcription factor A
- PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor-BB
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- SMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- SMHC, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain
- SRF
- SRF, serum response factor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TSA, trichostatin A
- dedifferentiation
- siRNA, small interfering ribonucleic acid
- vascular smooth muscle cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Go Urabe
- Department of Surgery and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher Little
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alycia M Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yitao Huang
- Department of Surgery and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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18
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Bonafiglia QA, Lourenssen SR, Hurlbut DJ, Blennerhassett MG. Epigenetic modification of intestinal smooth muscle cell phenotype during proliferation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C722-C733. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00216.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation causes proliferation of intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMC), contributing to a thickened intestinal wall and to stricture formation in Crohn’s disease. Proliferation of ISMC in vitro and in vivo caused decreased expression of marker proteins, but the underlying cause is unclear. Since epigenetic change is important in other systems, we used immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and quantitative PCR to examine epigenetic modification in cell lines from rat colon at low passage or after extended growth to evaluate phenotype. Exposure to the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A or the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine reversed the characteristic loss of phenotypic markers among high-passage cell lines of ISMC. Expression of smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle protein 22, as well as functional expression of the neurotrophin glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, was markedly increased. Increased expression of muscarinic receptor 3 and myosin light chain kinase was correlated with an upregulated response to cholinergic stimulation. In human ISMC (hISMC) lines from the terminal ileum, phenotype was similarly affected by extended proliferation. However, in hISMC from resected Crohn’s strictures, we observed a significantly reduced contractile phenotype compared with patient-matched intrinsic controls that was associated with increased patient-specific expression of DNA methyltransferase 1, HDAC2, and HDAC5. Therefore, protracted growth causes epigenetic alterations that account for an altered phenotype of ISMC. A similar process may promote stricture formation in Crohn’s disease, where the potential for halting progression, or even reversal, of disease through control of phenotypic modulation may become a novel treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A. Bonafiglia
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra R. Lourenssen
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. Hurlbut
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit and Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Programmed cell death 5 suppresses AKT-mediated cytoprotection of endothelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4672-4677. [PMID: 29588416 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712918115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) has been associated with human cancers as a regulator of cell death; however, the role of PDCD5 in the endothelium has not been revealed. Thus, we investigated whether PDCD5 regulates protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent signal transduction in the endothelium and affects atherosclerosis. Endothelial-specific PDCD5 knockout mice showed significantly reduced vascular remodeling compared with wild-type (WT) mice after partial carotid ligation. WT PDCD5 competitively inhibited interaction between histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and AKT, but PDCD5L6R, an HDAC3-binding-deficient mutant, did not. Knockdown of PDCD5 accelerated HDAC3-AKT interaction, AKT and eNOS phosphorylation, and nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Moreover, we found that serum PDCD5 levels reflect endothelial NO production and are correlated with diabetes mellitus, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and coronary calcium in human samples obtained from the cardiovascular high-risk cohort. Therefore, we conclude that PDCD5 is associated with endothelial dysfunction and may be a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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20
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Kwon DH, Kim YK, Kook H. New Aspects of Vascular Calcification: Histone Deacetylases and Beyond. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1738-1748. [PMID: 28960024 PMCID: PMC5639052 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.11.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a pathologic phenomenon in which calcium phosphate is ectopically deposited in the arteries. Previously, calcification was considered to be a passive process in response to metabolic diseases, vascular or valvular diseases, or even aging. However, now calcification is recognized as a highly-regulated consequence, like bone formation, and many clinical trials have been carried out to elucidate the correlation between vascular calcification and cardiovascular events and mortality. As a result, vascular calcification has been implicated as an independent risk factor in cardiovascular diseases. Many molecules are now known to be actively associated with this process. Recently, our laboratory found that posttranslational modification of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 is actively involved in the development of vascular calcification. In addition, we found that modulation of the activity of HDAC as well as its protein stability by MDM2, an HDAC1-E3 ligase, may be a therapeutic target in vascular calcification. In the present review, we overview the pathomechanism of vascular calcification and the involvement of posttranslational modification of epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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21
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Helsley RN, Zhou C. Epigenetic impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis: a pregnane X receptor-centric view. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2017; 3:dvx017. [PMID: 29119010 PMCID: PMC5672952 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the major advances in developing diagnostic techniques and effective treatments, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. While considerable progress has been achieved to identify gene variations and environmental factors that contribute to CVD, much less is known about the role of "gene-environment interactions" in predisposing individuals to CVD. Our chemical environment has significantly changed in the last few decades, and there are more than 100,000 synthetic chemicals in the market. Recent large-scale human population studies have associated exposure to certain chemicals including many endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with increased CVD risk, and animal studies have also confirmed that some EDCs can cause aberrant lipid homeostasis and increase atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of how exposure to those EDCs influences CVD risk remain elusive. Numerous EDCs can activate the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) that functions as a xenobiotic sensor to regulate host xenobiotic metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated the novel functions of PXR in lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis. In addition to directly regulating transcription, PXR has been implicated in the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. Exposure to many EDCs can also induce epigenetic modifications, but little is known about how the changes relate to the onset or progression of CVD. In this review, we will discuss recent research on PXR and EDCs in the context of CVD and propose that PXR may play a previously unrealized role in EDC-mediated epigenetic modifications that affect lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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22
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Kee HJ, Kim GR, Lin MQ, Choi SY, Ryu Y, Jin L, Piao ZH, Jeong MH. Expression of Class I and Class II a/b Histone Deacetylase is Dysregulated in Hypertensive Animal Models. Korean Circ J 2017; 47:392-400. [PMID: 28567090 PMCID: PMC5449534 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Dysregulation of histone deacetylase expression and enzymatic activity is associated with a number of diseases. It has been reported that protein levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC)1 and HDAC5 increase during human pulmonary hypertension, and that the enzymatic activity of HDAC6 is induced in a chronic hypertensive animal model. This study investigated the protein expression profiles of class I and II a/b HDACs in three systemic hypertension models. Subjects and Methods We used three different hypertensive animal models: (i) Wistar-Kyoto rats (n=8) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; n=8), (ii) mice infused with saline or angiotensin II to induce hypertension, via osmotic mini-pump for 2 weeks, and (iii) mice that were allowed to drink L-NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to induce hypertension. Results SHR showed high systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures. Similar increases in systolic blood pressure were observed in angiotensin II or L-NAME-induced hypertensive mice. In SHR, class IIa HDAC (HDAC4, 5, and 7) and class IIb HDAC (HDAC6 and 10) protein expression were significantly increased. In addition, a HDAC3 protein expression was induced in SHR. However, in L-NAME mice, class IIa HDAC protein levels (HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9) were significantly reduced. HDAC8 protein levels were significantly reduced both in angiotensin II mice and in SHR. Conclusion These results indicate that dysregulation of class I and class II HDAC protein is closely associated with chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ming Quan Lin
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian, Jilin, China
| | - Sin Young Choi
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yuhee Ryu
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Li Jin
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Jilin Hospital Affiliated with Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Hao Piao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Ferguson JF, Allayee H, Gerszten RE, Ideraabdullah F, Kris-Etherton PM, Ordovás JM, Rimm EB, Wang TJ, Bennett BJ. Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2016; 9:291-313. [PMID: 27095829 PMCID: PMC7829062 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and are strongly linked to both genetic and nutritional factors. The field of nutrigenomics encompasses multiple approaches aimed at understanding the effects of diet on health or disease development, including nutrigenetic studies investigating the relationship between genetic variants and diet in modulating cardiometabolic risk, as well as the effects of dietary components on multiple "omic" measures, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, epigenetic modifications, and the microbiome. Here, we describe the current state of the field of nutrigenomics with respect to cardiometabolic disease research and outline a direction for the integration of multiple omics techniques in future nutrigenomic studies aimed at understanding mechanisms and developing new therapeutic options for cardiometabolic disease treatment and prevention.
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Yoon S, Eom GH. HDAC and HDAC Inhibitor: From Cancer to Cardiovascular Diseases. Chonnam Med J 2016; 52:1-11. [PMID: 26865995 PMCID: PMC4742605 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2016.52.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators that regulate the histone tail, chromatin conformation, protein-DNA interaction, and even transcription. HDACs are also post-transcriptional modifiers that regulate the protein acetylation implicated in several pathophysiologic states. HDAC inhibitors have been highlighted as a novel category of anti-cancer drugs. To date, four HDAC inhibitors, Vorinostat, Romidepsin, Panobinostat, and Belinostat, have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Principally, these HDAC inhibitors are used for hematologic cancers in clinic with less severe side effects. Clinical trials are continuously expanding to address other types of cancer and also nonmalignant diseases. HDAC inhibition also results in beneficial outcomes in various types of neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will briefly discuss 1) the roles of HDACs in the acquisition of a cancer's phenotype and the general outcome of the HDAC inhibitors in cancer, 2) the functional relevance of HDACs in cardiovascular diseases and the possible therapeutic implications of HDAC inhibitors in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somy Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Eom GH, Kook H. Role of histone deacetylase 2 and its posttranslational modifications in cardiac hypertrophy. BMB Rep 2015; 48:131-8. [PMID: 25388210 PMCID: PMC4453031 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.3.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a form of global remodeling, although the initial step seems to be an adaptation to increased hemodynamic demands. The characteristics of cardiac hypertrophy include the functional reactivation of the arrested fetal gene program, where histone deacetylases (HDACs) are closely linked in the development of the process. To date, mammalian HDACs are divided into four classes: I, II, III, and IV. By structural similarities, class II HDACs are then subdivided into IIa and IIb. Among class I and II HDACs, HDAC2, 4, 5, and 9 have been reported to be involved in hypertrophic responses; HDAC4, 5, and 9 are negative regulators, whereas HDAC2 is a pro-hypertrophic mediator. The molecular function and regulation of class IIa HDACs depend largely on the phosphorylation-mediated cytosolic redistribution, whereas those of HDAC2 take place primarily in the nucleus. In response to stresses, posttranslational modification (PTM) processes, dynamic modifications after the translation of proteins, are involved in the regulation of the activities of those hypertrophy-related HDACs. In this article, we briefly review 1) the activation of HDAC2 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and 2) the PTM of HDAC2 and its implications in the regulation of HDAC2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Korea
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Hu C, Liu M, Zhang W, Xu Q, Ma K, Chen L, Wang Z, He S, Zhu H, Xu N. Upregulation of KLF4 by methylseleninic acid in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells: Modification of histone H3 acetylation through HAT/HDAC interplay. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:1051-9. [PMID: 24789055 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) occurs at a very high frequency in certain areas of China. Supplementation with selenium-containing compounds was associated with a significantly lower cancer mortality rate in a study conducted in Linxia, China. Thus, selenium could be a potential anti-esophageal cancer agent. In this study, methylseleninic acid (MSA) could inhibit cell growth of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Upon treated with MSA, the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) was decreased and general control nonrepressed protein 5 (GCN5) was upregulated in ESCC cells. Meanwhile, a significant increase of H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) was detected. Upregulation of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was also observed after MSA treatment. Additionally, the acetylated histone H3 located more at KLF4 promoter region after MSA treatment, shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Moreover, knockdown of GCN5 decreased the protein level of both H3K9ac and KLF4, along with less cell growth inhibition. Taken all, our results indicated that MSA could inhibit ESCC cell growth, at least in part, by MSA-HDAC/GCN5-H3K9ac-KLF4 axis. To our best knowledge, this is the first report that MSA induced acetylation of histone H3 at Lys9, which might depend on the activities and the balance between HDACs and HATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Hu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Lechuang Chen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Zaozao Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Shun He
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR, China
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Kang G, Lee YR, Joo HK, Park MS, Kim CS, Choi S, Jeon BH. Trichostatin A Modulates Angiotensin II-induced Vasoconstriction and Blood Pressure Via Inhibition of p66shc Activation. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:467-72. [PMID: 26330760 PMCID: PMC4553407 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.5.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) has been recognized as a potentially useful therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders. However, the effect of the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), on vasoreactivity and hypertension remains unknown. We performed aortic coarctation at the inter-renal level in rats in order to create a hypertensive rat model. Hypertension induced by abdominal aortic coarctation was significantly suppressed by chronic treatment with TSA (0.5 mg/kg/day for 7 days). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-driven reactive oxygen species production was also reduced in the aortas of TSA-treated aortic coarctation rats. The vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II (Ang II, 100 nM) was inhibited by TSA in both endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat aortas, suggesting that TSA has mainly acted in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In cultured rat aortic VSMCs, Ang II increased p66shc phosphorylation, which was inhibited by the Ang II receptor type I (AT1R) inhibitor, valsartan (10 µM), but not by the AT2R inhibitor, PD123319. TSA (1~10 µM) inhibited Ang II-induced p66shc phosphorylation in VSMCs and in HEK293T cells expressing AT1R. Taken together, these results suggest that TSA treatment inhibited vasoconstriction and hypertension via inhibition of Ang II-induced phosphorylation of p66shc through AT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Kang
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Joo
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Park
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
| | - Sunga Choi
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
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KLF4 regulates adult lung tumor-initiating cells and represses K-Ras-mediated lung cancer. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:207-15. [PMID: 26113043 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women worldwide. To identify novel factors that contribute to lung cancer pathogenesis, we analyzed a lung cancer database from The Cancer Genome Atlas and found that Krüppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4) expression is significantly lower in patients' lung cancer tissue than in normal lung tissue. In addition, we identified seven missense mutations in the KLF4 gene. KLF4 is a transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as the self-renewal of stem cells. To understand the role of KLF4 in the lung, we generated a tamoxifen-induced Klf4 knockout mouse model. We found that KLF4 inhibits lung cancer cell growth and that depletion of Klf4 altered the differentiation pattern in the developing lung. To understand how KLF4 functions during lung tumorigenesis, we generated the K-ras(LSL-G12D/+);Klf4(fl/fl) mouse model, and we used adenovirus-expressed Cre to induce K-ras activation and Klf4 depletion in the lung. Although Klf4 deletion alone or K-ras mutation alone can trigger lung tumor formation, Klf4 deletion combined with K-ras mutation significantly enhanced lung tumor formation. We also found that Klf4 deletion in conjunction with K-ras activation caused lung inflammation. To understand the mechanism whereby KLF4 is regulated during lung tumorigenesis, we analyzed KLF4 promoter methylation and the profiles of epigenetic factors. We found that Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) are overexpressed in lung cancer and that HDAC inhibitors induced expression of KLF4 and inhibited proliferation of lung cancer cells, suggesting that KLF4 is probably repressed by histone acetylation and that HDACs are valuable drug targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Targeting histone deacetylases: perspectives for epigenetic-based therapy in cardio-cerebrovascular disease. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2015; 12:153-64. [PMID: 25870619 PMCID: PMC4394331 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) is multifactorial, an increasing number of experimental and clinical studies have highlighted the importance of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated epigenetic processes in the development of cardio-cerebrovascular injury. HDACs are a family of enzymes to balance the acetylation activities of histone acetyltransferases on chromatin remodeling and play essential roles in regulating gene transcription. To date, 18 mammalian HDACs are identified and grouped into four classes based on similarity to yeast orthologs. The zinc-dependent HDAC family currently consists of 11 members divided into three classes (class I, II, and IV) on the basis of structure, sequence homology, and domain organization. In comparison, class III HDACs (also known as the sirtuins) are composed of a family of NAD+-dependent protein-modifying enzymes related to the Sir2 gene. HDAC inhibitors are a group of compounds that block HDAC activities typically by binding to the zinc-containing catalytic domain of HDACs and have displayed anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in the cardio-cerebrovascular system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about classifications, functions of HDACs and their roles and regulatory mechanisms in the cardio-cerebrovascular system. Pharmacological targeting of HDAC-mediated epigenetic processes may open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of CCVD.
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The inhibition of activated hepatic stellate cells proliferation by arctigenin through G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest: Persistent p27Kip1 induction by interfering with PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 747:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Novel potential targets for prevention of arterial restenosis: insights from the pre-clinical research. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:615-34. [PMID: 25072327 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Restenosis is the pathophysiological process occurring in 10-15% of patients submitted to revascularization procedures of coronary, carotid and peripheral arteries. It can be considered as an excessive healing reaction of the vascular wall subjected to arterial/venous bypass graft interposition, endarterectomy or angioplasty. The advent of bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents and of the more recent drug-eluting balloons, have significantly reduced, but not eliminated, the incidence of restenosis, which remains a clinically relevant problem. Biomedical research in pre-clinical animal models of (re)stenosis, despite its limitations, has contributed enormously to the identification of processes involved in restenosis progression, going well beyond the initial dogma of a primarily proliferative disease. Although the main molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying restenosis have been well described, new signalling molecules and cell types controlling the progress of restenosis are continuously being discovered. In particular, microRNAs and vascular progenitor cells have recently been shown to play a key role in this pathophysiological process. In addition, the advanced highly sensitive high-throughput analyses of molecular alterations at the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels occurring in injured vessels in animal models of disease and in human specimens serve as a basis to identify novel potential therapeutic targets for restenosis. Molecular analyses are also contributing to the identification of reliable circulating biomarkers predictive of post-interventional restenosis in patients, which could be potentially helpful in the establishment of an early diagnosis and therapy. The present review summarizes the most recent and promising therapeutic strategies identified in experimental models of (re)stenosis and potentially translatable to patients subjected to revascularization procedures.
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Eom GH, Kook H. Posttranslational modifications of histone deacetylases: Implications for cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:168-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kee HJ, Kim GR, Cho SN, Kwon JS, Ahn Y, Kook H, Jeong MH. miR-18a-5p MicroRNA Increases Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation by Downregulating Syndecan4. Korean Circ J 2014; 44:255-63. [PMID: 25089138 PMCID: PMC4117847 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2014.44.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Differentiation and de-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important events in atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. MicroRNAs are considered a key regulator in cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we report the role of new miR-18a-5p microRNA and its downstream target genes in VSMCs and in a carotid balloon injury model. Materials and Methods Expression of miR-18a-5p and its candidate genes was examined in VSMCs and in a carotid artery injury model by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and microRNA microarray analysis. VSMC differentiation marker genes including smooth muscle (SM) α-actin and SM22α were determined by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and a SM22α promoter study. Gene overexpression or knockdown was performed in VSMCs. Results miR-18a-5p was upregulated in the rat carotid artery at the early time after balloon injury. Transfection of the miR-18a-5p mimic promoted the VSMC differentiation markers SM α-actin and SM22α. In addition, miR-18a-5p expression was induced in differentiated VSMCs, whereas it decreased in de-differentiated VSMCs. We identified syndecan4 as a downstream target of miR-18-5p in VSMCs. Overexpression of syndecan4 decreased Smad2 expression, whereas knockdown of syndecan4 increased Smad2 expression in VSMCs. Finally, we showed that Smad2 induced the expression of VSMC differentiation marker genes in VSMCs. Conclusion These results indicate that miR-18a-5p is involved in VSMC differentiation by targeting syndecan4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo-Na Cho
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Kwon
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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A Novel Agent with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Activity Attenuates Neointimal Hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:395-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liu R, Leslie KL, Martin KA. Epigenetic regulation of smooth muscle cell plasticity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:448-53. [PMID: 24937434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMC) are the major cell type in blood vessels. Their principal function in the body is to regulate blood flow and pressure through vessel wall contraction and relaxation. Unlike many other mature cell types in the adult body, SMC do not terminally differentiate but retain a remarkable plasticity. They have the unique ability to toggle between a differentiated and quiescent "contractile" state and a highly proliferative and migratory "synthetic" phenotype in response to environmental stresses. While there have been major advances in our understanding of SMC plasticity through the identification of growth factors and signals that can influence the SMC phenotype, how these regulate SMC plasticity remains unknown. To date, several key transcription factors and regulatory cis elements have been identified that play a role in modulating SMC state. The frontier in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SMC plasticity has now advanced to the level of epigenetics. This review will summarize the epigenetic regulation of SMC, highlighting the role of histone modification, DNA methylation, and our most recent identification of a DNA demethylation pathway in SMC that is pivotal in the regulation of the SMC phenotypic state. Many disorders are associated with smooth muscle dysfunction, including atherosclerosis, the major underlying cause of stroke and coronary heart disease, as well as transplant vasculopathy, aneurysm, asthma, hypertension, and cancer. An increased understanding of the major regulators of SMC plasticity will lead to the identification of novel target molecules that may, in turn, lead to novel drug discoveries for the treatment of these diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stress as a fundamental theme in cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjing Liu
- Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristen L Leslie
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Kee HJ, Park S, Kang W, Lim KS, Kim JH, Ahn Y, Jeong MH. Piceatannol attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in an animal model through regulation of the expression and binding of the transcription factor GATA binding factor 6. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1529-36. [PMID: 24662306 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Piceatannol is found in grapes, passion fruit, and Japanese knotweed. Piceatannol pretreatment suppresses cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol as assessed by heart weight/body weight ratio, cross-sectional area, and expression of hypertrophic markers. The anti-hypertrophic effect of piceatannol in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes is the same as that in vivo. Piceatannol inhibits lentiviral-GATA6-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, piceatannol reduces the interaction between GATA4 and GATA6 as well as the DNA-binding activity of endogenous GATA6 in the ANP promoter. Our results suggest that piceatannol may be a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Sangha Park
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, South Korea
| | - Wanseok Kang
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, South Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, South Korea
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, South Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, South Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, South Korea.
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Usui T, Morita T, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Histone deacetylase 4 controls neointimal hyperplasia via stimulating proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 2013; 63:397-403. [PMID: 24166750 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are transcriptional coregulators. Recently, we demonstrated that HDAC4, one of class IIa family members, promotes reactive oxygen species-dependent vascular smooth muscle inflammation and mediates development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pathogenesis of hypertension is, in part, modulated by vascular structural remodeling via proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Thus, we examined whether HDAC4 controls SMC proliferation and migration. In rat mesenteric arterial SMCs, small interfering RNA against HDAC4 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced SMC proliferation as determined by a cell counting and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay as well as migration as determined by Boyden chamber assay. Expression and activity of HDAC4 were increased by PDGF-BB. HDAC4 small interfering RNA inhibited phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and heat shock protein 27 and expression of cyclin D1 as measured by Western blotting. HDAC4 small interfering RNA also inhibited PDGF-BB-induced reactive oxygen species production as measured fluorometrically using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity as measured by lucigenin assay. A Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, KN93, inhibited PDGF-BB-induced SMC proliferation and migration as well as phosphorylation of HDAC4. In vivo, a class IIa HDACs inhibitor, MC1568 prevented neointimal hyperplasia in mice carotid ligation model. MC1568 also prevented increased activation of HDAC4 in the neointimal lesions. The present results for the first time demonstrate that HDAC4 controls PDGF-BB-induced SMC proliferation and migration through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heat shock protein 27 signals via reactive oxygen species generation in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-dependent manner, which may lead to the neointimal hyperplasia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada City, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
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Alexander JS, Prouty L, Tsunoda I, Ganta CV, Minagar A. Venous endothelial injury in central nervous system diseases. BMC Med 2013; 11:219. [PMID: 24228622 PMCID: PMC3851779 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the venous system in the pathogenesis of inflammatory neurological/neurodegenerative diseases remains largely unknown and underinvestigated. Aside from cerebral venous infarcts, thromboembolic events, and cerebrovascular bleeding, several inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and optic neuritis, appear to be associated with venous vascular dysfunction, and the neuropathologic hallmark of these diseases is a perivenous, rather than arterial, lesion. Such findings raise fundamental questions about the nature of these diseases, such as the reasons why their pathognomonic lesions do not develop around the arteries and what exactly are the roles of cerebral venous inflammation in their pathogenesis. Apart from this inflammatory-based view, a new hypothesis with more focus on the hemodynamic features of the cerebral and extracerebral venous system suggests that MS pathophysiology might be associated with the venous system that drains the CNS. Such a hypothesis, if proven correct, opens new therapeutic windows in MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of MS, ADEM, pseudotumor cerebri, and optic neuritis, with an emphasis on the roles of venous vascular system programming and dysfunction in their pathogenesis. We consider the fundamental differences between arterial and venous endothelium, their dissimilar responses to inflammation, and the potential theoretical contributions of venous insufficiency in the pathogenesis of neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
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Zaina S, del Pilar Valencia-Morales M, Tristán-Flores FE, Lund G. Nuclear reprogramming and its role in vascular smooth muscle cells. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 15:352. [PMID: 23881547 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-013-0352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In general terms, "nuclear reprogramming" refers to a change in gene expression profile that results in a significant switch in cellular phenotype. Nuclear reprogramming was first addressed by pioneering studies of cell differentiation during embryonic development. In recent years, nuclear reprogramming has been studied in great detail in the context of experimentally controlled dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation of mammalian cells for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we present a perspective on nuclear reprogramming in the context of spontaneous, pathophysiological phenotypic switch of vascular cells occurring in the atherosclerotic lesion. In particular, we focus on the current knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms participating in the extraordinary flexibility of the gene expression profile of vascular smooth muscle cells and other cell types participating in atherogenesis. Understanding how epigenetic changes participate in vascular cell plasticity may lead to effective therapies based on the remodelling of the vascular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, 20 de Enero no. 929, 37320, León, Gto., Mexico.
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Kee HJ, Bae EH, Park S, Lee KE, Suh SH, Kim SW, Jeong MH. HDAC inhibition suppresses cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats via regulation of HDAC6/HDAC8 enzyme activity. Kidney Blood Press Res 2013; 37:229-39. [PMID: 23868068 DOI: 10.1159/000350148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background : Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) was reported to suppress cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in various hypertrophic animal models. However, the HDAC expression profile and HDAC enzyme activity have not yet been investigated in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Methods : Unilaterally nephrectomized rats were implanted with DOCA strips. DOCA-salt rats then received a control diet with vehicle or valproate. We measured the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers, class I HDACs, class II HDACs, fibrosis, and HDAC enzyme activity. Results : Here we report that sodium valproate inhibits the cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by fibrosis in the heart of chronic hypertensive rats. We show that expression of GATA6 and HDAC6 is upregulated in DOCA-salt hypertension. In addition, HDAC6 and HDAC8 enzyme activity is attenuated by sodium valproate. Conclusion : These results suggest that a novel HDAC6- and HDAC8-selective inhibitor is needed to treat or prevent pathological cardiac hypertrophy. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Zheng B, Zhang XH, Nie CJ, Li YH, Wen JK. Localization and function of KLF4 in cytoplasm of vascular smooth muscle cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:162-8. [PMID: 23726909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor 4 is a DNA-binding transcriptional regulator that regulates a diverse array of cellular processes, including development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The previous studies about KLF4 functions mainly focused on its role as a transcription factor, its functions in the cytoplasm are still unknown. In this study, we found that PDGF-BB could prompt the translocation of KLF4 to the cytoplasm through CRM1-mediated nuclear export pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and increased the interaction of KLF4 with actin in the cytoplasm. Further study showed that both KLF4 phosphorylation and SUMOylation induced by PDGF-BB participates in regulation of cytoskeletal organization by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton in VSMCs. In conclusion, these results identify that KLF4 participates in the cytoskeletal organization by stabilizing cytoskeleton in the cytoplasm of VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/drug effects
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actins/metabolism
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Becaplermin
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoplasm/drug effects
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Sumoylation/drug effects
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China
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Kee HJ, Park S, Kwon JS, Choe N, Ahn Y, Kook H, Jeong MH. B cell translocation gene, a direct target of miR-142-5p, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by down-regulating cell cycle progression. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2385-92. [PMID: 23770100 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays a key role in neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Here we report the role of the microRNA miR-142-5p and its downstream target genes on the proliferation of cultured VSMCs. miR-142-5p promoted VSMC proliferation by down-regulating B cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3). We found that BTG3 inhibited the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes and cell growth. As shown by luciferase reporter assay, miR-142-5p bound directly to the 3'-untranslated region of BTG3. Overexpression of miR-142-5p induced expression of cell cycle regulatory genes. Thus, BTG3, a novel, direct target of miR-142-5p, negatively regulates VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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Guzeloglu M, Aykut K, Albayrak G, Atmaca S, Oktar S, Bagriyanik A, Hazan E. Effect of Tadalafil on Neointimal Hyperplasia in a Rabbit Carotid Artery Anastomosis Model. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 19:468-74. [DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.12.02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kwon JS, Joung H, Kim YS, Shim YS, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Kee HJ. Sulforaphane inhibits restenosis by suppressing inflammation and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tang Y, Boucher JM, Liaw L. Histone deacetylase activity selectively regulates notch-mediated smooth muscle differentiation in human vascular cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e000901. [PMID: 23130137 PMCID: PMC3487326 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modify smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and affect neointimal lesion formation by regulating cell cycle progression. HDACs might also regulate SMC differentiation, although this is not as well characterized. Methods and Results Notch signaling activates SMC contractile markers and the differentiated phenotype in human aortic SMCs. Using this model, we found that HDAC inhibition antagonized the ability of Notch to increase levels of smooth muscle α-actin, calponin1, smooth muscle 22α, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. However, inhibition of HDAC activity did not suppress Notch activation of the HRT target genes. In fact, HDAC inhibition increased activation of the canonical C-promoter binding factor-1 (CBF-1)–mediated Notch pathway, which activates HRT transcription. Although CBF-1–mediated Notch signaling was increased by HDAC inhibition in human SMCs and in a C3H10T1/2 model, SMC differentiation was inhibited in both cases. Further characterization of downstream Notch signaling pathways showed activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and PI3K/Akt pathways. The activation of these pathways was sensitive to HDAC inhibition and was positively correlated with the differentiated phenotype. Conclusions Our studies define novel signaling pathways downstream of Notch signaling in human SMCs. In addition to the canonical CBF-1 pathway, Notch stimulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and PI3K cascades. Both canonical and noncanonical pathways downstream of Notch promote a differentiated, contractile phenotype in SMCs. Although CBF-1–mediated Notch signaling is not suppressed by HDAC inhibition, HDAC activity is required for Notch differentiation signals through mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3K pathways in SMCs. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e000901 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.000901)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Tang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough, ME
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GAO YAN, LIU XIANFENG, LU XUECHUN, MA CONG, CAO JIAN, FAN LI. Protective effects of atorvastatin against oxidized LDL-induced downregulation of KLF expression in EA.hy926 cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:330-6. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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