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Cheng J, Shao Z, Wang Y, Wei W, Yuan Y. The current status and future of solid waste recycled building bricks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105119-105148. [PMID: 37740163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste (SW) has become a problem hindering the economic and social development. Achieving the full green cycle from raw material to production of recycled building bricks (RBB) using SW is the focus of future research. In this paper, the research results of RBB manufacturing using SW in recent years are reviewed. According to the consolidation principle of RBB, the effects of different types of SW on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of RBB are summarized based on the recycled unsintered brick (RUSB) and recycled sintered brick (RSB). By comparing and evaluating the two consolidation methods, it is proposed that RSB has good practicality due to its higher SW utilization rate, higher strength, and faster consolidation speed. Furthermore, the difference between MWS and conventional sintering (CS) is analyzed, and the research on the application of MWS in SW-RBB manufacturing in recent years is reviewed in detail. It is pointed out that microwave sintering (MWS) technology can solve many drawbacks in traditional sintering technology and has great prospects in manufacturing SW-RBB due to the low energy consumption, low pollution, and high efficiency. Finally, the shortcomings and possible challenges in the current research on manufacturing SW-RBB using MWS technology are discussed, which provides guidance for the future development of SW-RBB manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Space Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhushan Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Space Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Space Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, China
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Space Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, China
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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2
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Sharma S, Asolekar SR, Thakur VK, Asokan P. Valorization of cellulosic fiber derived from waste biomass of constructed wetland as a potential reinforcement in polymeric composites: A technological approach to achieve circular economy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117850. [PMID: 37105106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study establishes the suitability of cellulosic fibers derived from Canna indica waste biomass for utilization as a reinforcement in natural fiber polymeric composites. The waste biomass was harvested from constructed wetlands engaged in the treatment of municipal wastewater from a gated community. The extracted Canna indica (CI) fibers were studied for their physicochemical, mechanical, structural, crystallographic, and thermal characteristics and proposed as a potential alternative to synthetic fiber. The CI fibers contained a relatively higher amount of cellulose (60 wt%) and a low wax fraction (0.5 wt%) - which is advantageous for its gainful utilization as a reinforcement. The CI fibers were thermally stable up to 237 °C and have an average fiber length, diameter, and density of 4.3 mm, 842 μm, and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively. The mean maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus were found to be 113 ± 6.82 MPa and 0.8 ± 7.91 GPa, respectively. The nano-indentation test displayed the nano hardness and modulus as 0.3 ± 0.6 GPa and 1.62 ± 0.2 GPa, respectively. The crystallographic properties of CI fibers consisted of an 87.45% crystallinity index and 3.2 nm crystallite size. The morphological attributes of CI fibers showed rough surfaces and shallow cavities on the surfaces of the fibers suggesting the suitability for its utilization as a reinforcement. It is argued that this technological approach can potentially achieve circular economy through valorization of Canna indica biomass harvested from natural wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Shyam R Asolekar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - P Asokan
- Green Engineered Materials and Additive Manufacturing Department, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes, Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India.
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Sadh PK, Chawla P, Kumar S, Das A, Kumar R, Bains A, Sridhar K, Duhan JS, Sharma M. Recovery of agricultural waste biomass: A path for circular bioeconomy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161904. [PMID: 36736404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular bio-economy is a significant approach to resolving global issues elevated by environmental pollution. The generation of bioenergy and biomaterials can withstand the energy-environment connection as well as substitute petroleum-based materials as the feed stock production, thereby contributing to a cleaner and low-carbon-safe environment. Open discarding of waste is a major cause of environmental pollution in developing and under developed countries. Agricultural bio-wastes are obtained through various biological sources and industrial processing, signifying a typical renewable source of energy with ample nutrients and readily biodegradable organic substances. These waste materials are competent to decompose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The projected global population, urbanization, economic development, and changing production and consumption behavior result in bounteous bio-waste production. These bio-wastes mainly contain starch, cellulose, protein, hemicellulose, and lipids, which can operate as low-cost raw materials to develop new value-added products. Thus, this review discussed specifically the agricultural waste and valorization processes used to convert this waste into value-added products (biofuel, enzymes, antibiotics, ethanol and single cell protein). These value added products are used in the supply chain and enhance the overall performance of agriculture waste management, execution of circular bio-economy has attained significant importance and it explains a closed-loop system in which the potential resources remain in the loop, allowing them to be sustained into a new value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar Sadh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Anamika Das
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo 151 302, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet, 7800 Ath, Belgium.
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Barnabas AA, Balogun OA, Akinwande AA, Ogbodo JF, Ademati AO, Dongo EI, Romanovski V. Reuse of walnut shell waste in the development of fired ceramic bricks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11823-11837. [PMID: 36098915 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of agricultural waste-doped fired bricks is an important step toward achieving lightweight eco-efficient bricks with improved thermal insulation property. Recent research in masonry has been tailored towards the production of energy-efficient building by incorporating waste materials as additives. This effectuates a safe waste disposal, cost effectiveness, and also serve as a giant stride towards environmental sustainability. This study examines the viability of using walnut shell as additive in fired clay at various firing temperatures. Pulverized walnut shell was added to clay at a proportion of 0-10 wt.% by weight of clay. The samples were fired at temperatures of 950 °C and 1100 °C. The samples were probed for mechanical properties and durability. Morphology of the brick samples were examined under scanning electron microscope. The result of the research showed increased water absorption and specific heat capacity while mechanical and bulk density were observed to reduce. Linear shrinkage and thermal conductivity reduced with increase in walnut content of which linear shrinkage and thermal conductivity values experienced at 1100 °C was higher than at 950 °C. Resistance of bricks to salt crystallization increased with firing temperature. All samples met various standard requirement for masonry except sample prepared with 10 wt.% walnut shell whose compressive and flexural strengths fell below the required standard. The study established the use of walnut shell for development of sustainable energy-efficient bricks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Adeize Barnabas
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatosin Abiodun Balogun
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi Adewale Akinwande
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - John Friday Ogbodo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kogi State Polytechnic, Osara, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Oladele Ademati
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Enesi Isaac Dongo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kogi State Polytechnic, Osara, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Valentin Romanovski
- Center of Functional Nano-Ceramics, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Lenin av., 4, 119049, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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Erdogmus E, Yaras A, Sutcu M, Gencel O. Recycling of marble cutting waste additives in fired clay brick structure: a statistical approach to process parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71936-71947. [PMID: 35608771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Within the scope of the present study, the marble cutting waste, which is an industrial waste of different sizes (< 75 µm and < 150 µm), was incorporated into the clay structure at various rates and a total of 36 series bricks were produced. The brick mixtures were prepared by the semi-dry molding method and the brick specimens were sintered for three temperatures (850 °C, 950 °C, and 1050 °C). The fired bricks containing marble cutting waste with a lower particle size (75 µm) have higher compressive strength. However, all samples produced can meet the relevant standard requirements in terms of compressive strength. Thermal conductivity decreased from 1.008 to 0.775 W/mK with the incorporation of marble cutting waste, a decrease of approximately 23.11%. The effects of grain size, firing temperature, and marble cutting waste concentration on the quadratic model were statistically determined by variance analysis (ANOVA). According to statistical findings, the order of importance of design factors for brick properties (except for compressive strength) is marble cutting waste > firing temperature > particle size. For compressive strength, the most dominant factor is amount of marble cutting waste, followed by particle size and firing temperature, respectively. Consequently, the results suggest that marble cutting waste does not need to be reduced to smaller particle sizes to improve the fired clay brick properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Erdogmus
- Environmental Engineering Department, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Ali Yaras
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey.
| | - Mucahit Sutcu
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Gencel
- Civil Engineering Department, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
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Synthesis of Magnetic Catalyst Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Esterification of Oleic Acid: An Optimization Study. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.1.12392.65-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomass, renewable, abundantly available and a good source of energy. The conversion of biomass waste into valuable products has received wide attention. In this study, an empty fruit bunch (oil palm EFB) supported magnetic acid catalyst for esterification reaction was successfully prepared via the one-step impregnation process. The new magnetic catalyst achieved a higher surface area of 188.87 m2/g with a total acidity of 2.4 mmol/g and identified iron oxide as g-Fe2O3. The magnetization value of 24.97 emu/g demonstrated that the superparamagnetic catalyst could be easily recovered and separated after the reaction using an external magnet. The catalytic performance of oil palm EFB supported magnetic acid catalyst was examined by esterification of oleic acid. Esterification process parameters were optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization tool with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The following optimum parameters were determined: an amount of 9 wt% catalyst, molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid of 12:1, reaction time of 2 h and reaction temperature of 60 °C with a maximum conversion of 94.91% was achieved. The catalyst can be recycled up to five cycles with minimal loss in its activity. The oil palm waste-based magnetic acid catalyst indicates its potential replacement to the existing solid catalysts that are economical and environmentally friendly for the esterification process in biofuel applications. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Tociu M, Hirtopeanu A, Stanescu M. Enzymatic pre-treatment of grape seeds for an oil with higher antioxidant activity. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2022. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The paper investigates the effect of the enzymatic pre-treatment of grape seeds from six Romanian cultivars on the oil extracted. The grape seeds of some white and red Romanian grape varieties were separated from winery waste, washed, dried and ground, with the oil then obtained by extraction with petroleum ether. The extraction was performed directly or after a preliminary treatment with a commercial pectin lyase. The enzymatic procedure applied was more cost effective compared to other treatments previously described in which a cocktail of enzymes was used. The quantity of the extracted oil was measured in both types of processing, with an increase being observed for pre-treated samples. The fatty acid profiles (FAPs) of the oils resulted for the treated and untreated seeds were determined. No change in the composition was noticed. The reductive power of these oils was also investigated. Compared to the untreated samples for the same variety, the enzyme pre-treatment resulted in a superior antioxidant capacity.
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Jha MK, Joshi S, Sharma RK, Kim AA, Pant B, Park M, Pant HR. Surface Modified Activated Carbons: Sustainable Bio-Based Materials for Environmental Remediation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3140. [PMID: 34835907 PMCID: PMC8621204 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and water/air contamination caused by human activities are major challenges in environmental pollution and climate change. The improper discharge of a large amount of agro-forest byproduct is accelerating these issues mainly in developing countries. The burning of agricultural byproducts causes global warming, whereas their improper waste management causes water/air pollution. The conversion of these waste materials into effective smart materials can be considered as a promising strategy in waste management and environmental remediation. Over the past decades, activated carbons (ACs) have been prepared from various agricultural wastes and extensively used as adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of ACs is linked to a well-developed porous structure, large specific surface area, and rich surface functional moieties. Activated carbon needs to increase their adsorption capacity, especially for specific adsorbates, making them suitable for specific applications, and this is possible by surface modifications of their surface chemistry. The modifications of surface chemistry involve the introduction of surface functional groups which can be carried out by various methods such as acid treatment, alkaline treatment, impregnation, ozone treatment, plasma treatment, and so on. Depending on the treatment methods, surface modification mainly affects surface chemistry. In this review, we summarized several modification methods for agricultural-waste-based ACs. In addition, the applications of AC for the adsorption of various pollutants are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jha
- Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal; (M.K.J.); (S.J.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Sahira Joshi
- Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal; (M.K.J.); (S.J.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal; (M.K.J.); (S.J.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Allison A Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Korea;
| | - Bishweshwar Pant
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Hem Raj Pant
- Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal; (M.K.J.); (S.J.); (R.K.S.)
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Cobîrzan N, Thalmaier G, Balog AA, Constantinescu H, Ceclan A, Nasui M. Volcanic Tuff as Secondary Raw Material in the Production of Clay Bricks. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226872. [PMID: 34832274 PMCID: PMC8625564 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work examines an innovative manufacturing technique for fired clay bricks, using tuff as a secondary raw material. Samples were made of clay and tuff (0–30 wt.%) fired at 900 to 1100 °C. The chemical and mineralogical compositions and physical and thermal analyses of raw materials were investigated by using SEM-EDS, RX and DTA-TG curves. The samples were analysed from the mineralogical, technological and mechanical points of view. The result show that the tuff’s presence in the clay mixtures considerably reduced the shrinkage of the product during the firing process, and the manufactured samples were of excellent quality. The compressive strength of the bricks varied from 5–35.3MPa, being influenced by the tuff content, clay matrix properties and firing temperatures. Finally, the heat demand for increasing the temperature from room to the firing temperature of the sample with 10% tuff content was 22%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Cobîrzan
- Department of Civil Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 25 Baritiu Street, 400624 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gyorgy Thalmaier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103 Muncii blv., 400624 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca-Andreea Balog
- Department of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 25 Baritiu Street, 400624 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-A.B.); (H.C.)
| | - Horia Constantinescu
- Department of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 25 Baritiu Street, 400624 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-A.B.); (H.C.)
| | - Andrei Ceclan
- Department of Electronics and Measurements, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 26 Baritiu Street, 400624 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mircea Nasui
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103 Muncii blv., 400624 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Cleaner Design and Production of Lightweight Aggregates (LWAs) to Use in Agronomic Application. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This research focused on the obtainment of sustainable lightweight aggregates (LWAs) for agronomic application. The cleaner production is based on saving matter through the valorization of waste available in industry as a substitute of clays into the formulation of the lightweight aggregates (LWAs). Three different types of clays (white, black, and red) and alternative raw materials were blended. Cattle bone flour ash (CBA) and a fertilizer glass (FG) were used to introduce K and P into the mixture in amounts suitable for fertilizer application, and a sewage sludge from a brewery wastewater treatment plant was used as pore forming agent. For the production of the LWAs, we mixed different percentage of waste in two different clay mixtures, which were thermally treated at 1000 °C for 1 h. Technological parameters such as loose bulk and oven dry density, total porosity, water absorption capacity, pH, and electrical conductivity were determined to evaluate the potential use of LWAs as a growing media. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) techniques were used, and leaching tests were performed to complete the samples’ characterization. The results indicated the potential for manufacturing high-quality LWAs for the agronomic field by using energy-saving and matter-processing involving low temperatures with respect to the conventional process.
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Girondi Delaqua GC, Marvila MT, Souza D, Sanchez Rodriguez RJ, Colorado HA, Fontes Vieira CM. Evaluation of the application of macrophyte biomass Salvinia auriculata Aublet in red ceramics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 275:111253. [PMID: 32858268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the study of the biomass application of a microphyte plant Slavinia auriculata Aublet in red ceramic was carried out. The waste comes from the phytoremediation process, used in sewage treatment plants. Characterization tests were carried out by chemical, mineralogical, dilatometry, thermal and mass spectrometry techniques, where it was possible to prove that biomass is compatible in its composition for application in ceramic materials and also has great potential to act as a source of energy. The production of specimens was carried out using an industrial clay mass and incorporating 0-10% of biomass in samples produced by pressing and burned at temperatures between 750 and 1050 °C. Properties of plasticity, firing shrinkage, apparent drying and firing density, water absorption, compressive strength and tensile strength in flexion were evaluated, where the feasibility of using up to 2.5% biomass in ceramics firing in 1050 °C s was proven. Although the results of water absorption at the firing temperature of 1050 °C have increased from 18.3% to 19.4% with the use of 2.5% of the residue, the results of tensile strength in flexion have reduced from 4.80 to 3.75 MPa and the results of compressive strength have reduced from 27.6 to 22 MPa, the values obtained meet international recommendations and are in accordance with the recommendations of the bibliography. Finally, an economic analysis of the application of biomass in ceramic materials was carried out, where it was observed that it was possible to save up to 5.04% with the use of the biomass under study, providing an annual savings of $ 2668.8 for the ceramic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovana Carla Girondi Delaqua
- State University of the Northen Rio de Janeiro - UENF, Advanced Materials Laboratory - LAMAV, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Markssuel Teixeira Marvila
- State University of the Northen Rio de Janeiro - UENF, Advanced Materials Laboratory - LAMAV, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Djalma Souza
- State University of the Northen Rio de Janeiro - UENF, Advanced Materials Laboratory - LAMAV, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ruben Jesus Sanchez Rodriguez
- State University of the Northen Rio de Janeiro - UENF, Advanced Materials Laboratory - LAMAV, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henry Alonso Colorado
- CCComposites Laboratory, University of Antioquia, Cl. 67 ##53-108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira
- State University of the Northen Rio de Janeiro - UENF, Advanced Materials Laboratory - LAMAV, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Galán-Arboledas RJ, Cotes-Palomino MT, Martínez-García C, Moreno-Maroto JM, Uceda-Rodríguez M, Bueno S. Ternary diagrams as a tool for developing ceramic materials from waste: relationship between technological properties and microstructure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35574-35587. [PMID: 31102224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work proposes the manufacture of ceramic construction materials using raw materials which are only industrial wastes from different production processes (electric arc furnace steel slag, coal bottom ash, carbon fly ash, and oil-filtering diatomaceous-earth). From them, the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO equilibrium phase diagram has been used to formulate two materials compositions with the objective of obtaining ceramics whose chemical composition is located in the same area as a traditional clay-based material, but with two different technological behaviors: refractoriness due to calcium phase's development and densification due to a greater melting capacity. The waste-based pieces have been sintered at three firing temperatures (1000 °C, 1050 °C, and 1100 °C) and the mineralogical composition has been quantified by Rietveld refinement-XRD in order to establish the agreement between the phases foreseen by the formulations in the diagrams and the mineralogical compositions actually developed after the sintering treatment. In addition, fired materials have been subjected to a complete microstructural characterization by means of SEM-EDX and the pore size distribution has been determined by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry and helium pycnometry. In general, all obtained materials display adequate technological properties for their use as building materials so this characterization has allowed to show the suitability of the ternary diagram SiO2-Al2O3-CaO for the design of ceramic compositions from industrial wastes. Therefore, extending the use of phase diagrams as a design tool is still little explored for waste-based ceramics, and those that have been mainly used for studying Mg-based phases can have an important contribution to a more sustainable construction sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Teresa Cotes-Palomino
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Technological Scientific Campus of Linares, University of Jaén, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-García
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Technological Scientific Campus of Linares, University of Jaén, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Uceda-Rodríguez
- Fundación Innovarcilla. Pol. Ind. El Cruce, C/ Los Alamillos, 25, 23710, Bailén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Salvador Bueno
- Fundación Innovarcilla. Pol. Ind. El Cruce, C/ Los Alamillos, 25, 23710, Bailén, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Technological Scientific Campus of Linares, University of Jaén, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
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13
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Simón D, Quaranta N, Medici S, Costas A, Cristóbal A. Immobilization of Zn(II) ions from contaminated biomass using ceramic matrices. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:687-697. [PMID: 30954871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the adsorption of zinc ions from synthetic solutions using residual pine sawdust as an adsorbent and, subsequently, the use of clay ceramic pieces and contaminated biomass as metal immobilizers. The process of adsorption was carried out with a synthetic solution of ZnCl2 in contact with sawdust for a fixed time of 24 h. The mixture was stirred continually. The mixture was then filtered, and the metal ions not adsorbed by the biomass and present in the liquid phase were quantified. The physicochemical characteristics of the sawdust were determined by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, among others. The adsorption kinetics shows that the equilibrium was reached at 24 h. The most efficient ratio of the amount of biomass and the concentration of Zn(II) was 10 g/L of sawdust and 6.5 × 104 mg/L of metal, which was used to analyse the capacity of metal immobilization in the designed bricks. The values obtained for the apparent porosity, the loss of weight by ignition, the mechanical properties and the efficiency of retention, indicate that these bricks are suitable for use in civil construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Simón
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Av. Colón 10850, C.P. 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Nancy Quaranta
- Facultad Regional de San Nicolás, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Colón 332, C.P. 2900 San Nicolás, Argentina.
| | - Sandra Medici
- Instituto de Investigación en Sanidad, Producción y Ambiente, IIPROSAM-CONICET, Funes 3350, C.P. 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Agustín Costas
- Centro Biotecnológico Fares Taie, Rivadavia 3331, C.P. 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Adrián Cristóbal
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Av. Colón 10850, C.P. 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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14
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Comparative Study on the Environmental Impact of Traditional Clay Bricks Mixed with Organic Waste Using Life Cycle Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10082917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The construction industry is responsible for 40–45% of primary energy consumption in Europe. Therefore, it is essential to find new materials with a lower environmental impact to achieve sustainable buildings. The objective of this study was to carry out the life cycle analysis (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts of baked clay bricks incorporating organic waste. The scope of this comparative study of LCA covers cradle to gate and involves the extraction of clay and organic waste from the brick, transport, crushing, modelling, drying and cooking. Local sustainability within a circular economy strategy is used as a laboratory test. The energy used during the cooking process of the bricks modified with organic waste, the gas emission concentrate and the emission factors are quantified experimentally in the laboratory. Potential environmental impacts are analysed and compared using the ReCiPe midpoint LCA method using SimaPro 8.0.5.13. These results achieved from this method are compared with those obtained with a second method—Impact 2002+ v2.12. The results of LCA show that the incorporation of organic waste in bricks is favourable from an environmental point of view and is a promising alternative approach in terms of environmental impacts, as it leads to a decrease of 15–20% in all the impact categories studied. Therefore, the suitability of the use of organic additives in clay bricks was confirmed, as this addition was shown to improve their efficiency and sustainability, thus reducing the environmental impact.
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15
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Saccani A, Manzi S, Baldazzi L, Sisti L. Epoxy composites containing wastes from wine production as fillers. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Saccani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Viale Terracini 28; Bologna 40131 Italy
| | - Stefania Manzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Viale Terracini 28; Bologna 40131 Italy
| | - Luca Baldazzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Viale Terracini 28; Bologna 40131 Italy
| | - Laura Sisti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Viale Terracini 28; Bologna 40131 Italy
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16
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Taurino R, Karamanova E, Barbieri L, Atanasova-Vladimirova S, Andreola F, Karamanov A. New fired bricks based on municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:1055-1063. [PMID: 28823227 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17721343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to study the sintering process and technological properties of new fired bricks based on high amount of post-treated municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash and refractory clay. In addition, the effect of the minor addition of flux (Na2CO3) or reinforce (corundum) was also highlighted. Several methods were used to study the effect of compositions variations on the sintering process, structure and the mechanical characteristics of the test briquettes. Differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and dilatometry techniques were applied to study the thermal behaviour while scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-temperature X-ray diffraction were used to elucidate the structure and the phase composition. The mechanical characteristics were estimated by micro-indentation, strength and various physical tests (porosity, linear shrinkage and water absorption, etc). The results highlight the possibility to use very high amount of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashes in the production of new fired bricks with good performances at all levels. It is also shown that the addition of additives managed the final properties, affecting the crystal phase formation, porosity and greatly the strength of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taurino
- 1 Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- 2 Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - E Karamanova
- 3 Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - L Barbieri
- 1 Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - F Andreola
- 1 Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Karamanov
- 3 Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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17
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Adazabra AN, Viruthagiri G, Shanmugam N. Management of spent shea waste: An instrumental characterization and valorization in clay bricks construction. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:286-304. [PMID: 28336335 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the reuse of spent shea waste as an economic construction material in improving fired clay bricks manufacture aside providing a novel approach to ecofriendly managing its excessive generated from the shea agroindustry. For this purpose, the influence of spent shea waste addition on the chemical, mineralogical, molecular bonding and technological properties (i.e. compressive strength and water absorption) of the fired clay bricks were extensively investigated. The results indicated that the chemical, mineralogical, phase transformations, molecular bonding and thermal behavior of the produced bricks were practically unaffected by the addition of spent shea waste. However, spent shea waste addition increased the compressive strengths and water absorptions of the brick products. Potential performance benefits of reusing spent shea waste was improved fluxing agents, energy-contribution reaction, excellent porosifying effect, reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced compressive strengths of the brick products. This research has therefore provided compelling evidence that could create newfound route for the synergistic ecofriendly reuse of spent shea waste to enhance clay brick construction aside being a potential mainstream disposal option.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Adazabra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Viruthagiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Shanmugam
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Adazabra AN, Viruthagiri G, Shanmugam N. Infrared analysis of clay bricks incorporated with spent shea waste from the shea butter industry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 191:66-74. [PMID: 28088059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The peculiar challenge of effective disposing abundant spent shea waste and the excellent compositional variation tolerance of clay material offered an impetus to examine the incorporation of spent shea waste into clay material as an eco-friendly disposal route in making clay bricks. For this purpose, the chemical constituent, mineralogical compositions and thermal behavior of both clay material and spent shea waste were initially characterized from which modelled brick specimens incorporating 5-20 wt% of the waste into the clay material were prepared. The clay material showed high proportions of SiO2 (52.97 wt%) and Al2O3 (27.10 wt%) indicating their rich kaolinitic content: whereas, the inert nature of spent shea waste was exhibited by their low oxide content. The striking similarities in infrared absorption bands of pristine clay material and clay materials incorporated with 15 wt% of spent shea waste showed that the waste incorporation had no impact on bond formation of the clay bricks. Potential performance benefits of developing bricks from clay material incorporated with spent shea waste included improved fluxing agents, economic sintering and making of sustainable bricks. Consequently, the analytical results authenticate the incorporation of spent shea waste into clay materials for various desired benefits aside being an environmental correct route of its disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Adazabra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Viruthagiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - N Shanmugam
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
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19
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Varzakas T, Zakynthinos G, Verpoort F. Plant Food Residues as a Source of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Foods 2016; 5:E88. [PMID: 28231183 PMCID: PMC5302437 DOI: 10.3390/foods5040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This chapter describes the use of different plant and vegetable food residues as nutraceuticals and functional foods. Different nutraceuticals are mentioned and explained. Their uses are well addressed along with their disease management and their action as nutraceutical delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Varzakas
- TEI Peloponnese, Department of Food Technology, Kalamata 24100, Greece.
- Department of Bioscience Bioengineering, Global Campus Songdo, Ghent University, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | | | - Francis Verpoort
- Department of Bioscience Bioengineering, Global Campus Songdo, Ghent University, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
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20
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Sutcu M, Ozturk S, Yalamac E, Gencel O. Effect of olive mill waste addition on the properties of porous fired clay bricks using Taguchi method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:185-192. [PMID: 27343435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of porous clay bricks lightened by adding olive mill waste as a pore making additive was investigated. Factors influencing the brick manufacturing process were analyzed by an experimental design, Taguchi method, to find out the most favorable conditions for the production of bricks. The optimum process conditions for brick preparation were investigated by studying the effects of mixture ratios (0, 5 and 10 wt%) and firing temperatures (850, 950 and 1050 °C) on the physical, thermal and mechanical properties of the bricks. Apparent density, bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, microstructure and crystalline phase formations of the fired brick samples were measured. It was found that the use of 10% waste addition reduced the bulk density of the samples up to 1.45 g/cm(3). As the porosities increased from 30.8 to 47.0%, the compressive strengths decreased from 36.9 to 10.26 MPa at firing temperature of 950 °C. The thermal conductivities of samples fired at the same temperature showed a decrease of 31% from 0.638 to 0.436 W/mK, which is hopeful for heat insulation in the buildings. Increasing of the firing temperature also affected their mechanical and physical properties. This study showed that the olive mill waste could be used as a pore maker in brick production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mucahit Sutcu
- İzmir Kâtip Celebi University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Savas Ozturk
- İzmir Kâtip Celebi University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Yalamac
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Osman Gencel
- Bartin University, Department of Civil Engineering, Bartin, Turkey
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21
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Sustainable New Brick and Thermo-Acoustic Insulation Panel from Mineralization of Stranded Driftwood Residues. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9080619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Motghare KA, Rathod AP, Wasewar KL, Labhsetwar NK. Comparative study of different waste biomass for energy application. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 47:40-45. [PMID: 26303650 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is available in many varieties, consisting of crops as well as its residues from agriculture, forestry, and the agro-industry. These different biomass find their way as freely available fuel in rural areas but are also responsible for air pollution. Emissions from such solid fuel combustion to indoor, regional and global air pollution largely depend on fuel types, combustion device, fuel properties, fuel moisture, amount of air supply for combustion and also on climatic conditions. In both economic and environment point of view, gasification constitutes an attractive alternative for the use of biomass as a fuel, than the combustion process. A large number of studies have been reported on a variety of biomass and agriculture residues for their possible use as renewable fuels. Considering the area specific agriculture residues and biomass availability and related transportation cost, it is important to explore various local biomass for their suitability as a fuel. Maharashtra (India) is the mainstay for the agriculture and therefore, produces a significant amount of waste biomass. The aim of the present research work is to analyze different local biomass wastes for their proximate analysis and calorific value to assess their potential as fuel. The biomass explored include cotton waste, leaf, soybean waste, wheat straw, rice straw, coconut coir, forest residues, etc. mainly due to their abundance. The calorific value and the proximate analysis of the different components of the biomass helped in assessing its potential for utilization in different industries. It is observed that ash content of these biomass species is quite low, while the volatile matter content is high as compared to Indian Coal. This may be appropriate for briquetting and thus can be used as a domestic fuel in biomass based gasifier cook stoves. Utilizing these biomass species as fuel in improved cook-stove and domestic gasifier cook-stoves would be a perspective step in the rural energy and environmental sectors. This is important considering that the cleaner fuel like LPG is still not available in rural areas of many parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajit P Rathod
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, India
| | - Kailas L Wasewar
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur 440010, India
| | - Nitin K Labhsetwar
- CSIR - National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India.
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23
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Basso D, Patuzzi F, Castello D, Baratieri M, Rada EC, Weiss-Hortala E, Fiori L. Agro-industrial waste to solid biofuel through hydrothermal carbonization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 47:114-121. [PMID: 26031328 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the use of grape marc for energy purposes was investigated. Grape marc is a residual lignocellulosic by-product from the winery industry, which is present in every world region where vine-making is addressed. Among the others, hydrothermal carbonization was chosen as a promising alternative thermochemical process, suitable for the treatment of this high moisture substrate. Through a 50 mL experimental apparatus, hydrothermal carbonization tests were performed at several temperatures (namely: 180, 220 and 250 °C) and residence times (1, 3, 8 h). Analyses on both the solid and the gaseous phases obtained downstream of the process were performed. In particular, solid and gas yields versus the process operational conditions were studied and the obtained hydrochar was evaluated in terms of calorific value, elemental analysis, and thermal stability. Data testify that hydrochar form grape marc presents interesting values of HHV (in the range 19.8-24.1 MJ/kg) and physical-chemical characteristics which make hydrochar exploitable as a solid biofuel. In the meanwhile, the amount of gases produced is very small, if compared to other thermochemical processes. This represents an interesting result when considering environmental issues. Statistical analysis of data allows to affirm that, in the chosen range of operational conditions, the process is influenced more by temperature than residence time. These preliminary results support the option of upgrading grape marc toward its energetic valorisation through hydrothermal carbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Basso
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Italy
| | - Francesco Patuzzi
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Daniele Castello
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Italy
| | - Marco Baratieri
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Elena Cristina Rada
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Italy
| | | | - Luca Fiori
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Italy.
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