1
|
Non-thermal plasma coupled liquid-phase catalysis /Fe2+ for VOCs removal: Enhanced mechanism of protocatechuic acid. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
2
|
Catalytic Non-thermal Plasma Reactor for Oxidative Degradation of Toluene Present in Low Concentration. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
3
|
A Review of Selected Types of Indoor Air Purifiers in Terms of Microbial Air Contamination Reduction. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims: With the ongoing pandemic and increased interest in measures to improve indoor air quality, various indoor air purifiers have become very popular and are widely used. This review presents the advantages and disadvantages of various types of technologies used in air purifiers in terms of reducing microbial contamination. Methods: A literature search was performed using Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, as well as technical organizations dealing with indoor air-quality to identify research articles and documents within our defined scope of interest. Relevant sections: The available literature data focus mainly on the efficiency of devices based on tests conducted in laboratory conditions with test chambers, which does not reflect the real dimensions and conditions observed in residential areas. According to a wide range of articles on the topic, the actual effectiveness of air purifiers is significantly lower in real conditions than the values declared by the manufacturers in their marketing materials as well as technical specifications. Conclusions: According to current findings, using indoor air purifiers should not be the only measure to improve indoor air-quality; however, these can play a supporting role if their application is preceded by an appropriate technical and environmental analysis considering the real conditions of its use.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang YC, Han MF, Jia TP, Hu XR, Zhu HQ, Tong Z, Lin YT, Wang C, Liu DZ, Peng YZ, Wang G, Meng J, Zhai ZX, Zhang Y, Deng JG, Hsi HC. Emissions, measurement, and control of odor in livestock farms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145735. [PMID: 33640544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odor emissions from intensive livestock farms have attracted increased attention due to their adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Nevertheless, a systematic summary regarding the characteristics, sampling detection, and control technology for odor emissions from livestock farms is currently lacking. This paper compares the development of odor standards in different countries and summarizes the odor emission characteristics of livestock farms. Ammonia, the most common odor substance, can reach as high as 4100 ppm in the compost area. Sampling methods for point and area source odor emissions are introduced in this paper, and odor analysis methods are compared. Olfactometers, odorometers, and the triangle odor bag method are usually used to measure odor concentration. Odor control technologies are divided into three categories: physical (activated carbon adsorption, masking, and dilution diffusion), chemical (plant extract spraying, wet scrubbing, combustion, non-thermal plasma, and photocatalytic oxidation), and biological (biofiltration, biotrickling, and bioscrubbing). Each technology is elucidated, and the performance in the removal of different pollutants is summarized. The application scopes, costs, operational stability, and secondary pollution of the technologies are compared. The generation of secondary pollution and long-term operation stability are issues that should be considered in future technological development. Lastly, a case analysis for engineering application is conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meng-Fei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ti-Pei Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xu-Rui Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huai-Qun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - De-Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong-Zhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Gen Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jie Meng
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Sinodour Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zeng-Xiu Zhai
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Sinodour Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Sinodour Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Ji-Guang Deng
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abbas Z, Zaman WQ, Danish M, Shan A, Ma C, Ayub KS, Tariq M, Shen Q, Cao L, Yang J. Catalytic nonthermal plasma using efficient cobalt oxide catalyst for complete mineralization of toluene. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
6
|
Hernández-Díaz D, Martos-Ferreira D, Hernández-Abad V, Villar-Ribera R, Tarrés Q, Rojas-Sola JI. Indoor PM2.5 removal efficiency of two different non-thermal plasma systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111515. [PMID: 33113396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of non-thermal plasma (NTP) generators in air processing systems and their duct networks to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) has grown considerably in recent years. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of NTP generators for IAQ improvement in biological, chemical and particulate pollutant terms. Also, it assesses and compares the ability of a multipin corona discharge (MPCD) and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) generator to reduce the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in recycled, unfiltered air in a refrigeration chamber. The MPCD generator was found to have a higher PM2.5 removal efficiency; also, it was faster in removing pollutants, used less energy, and produced much less ozone. The fact that the MPCD generator performed better was seemingly the result of its increased ion production mainly. NTP generators, however, cannot match air filtration media purifiers in this respect as the latter are much more effective in removing particles. Besides, NTP-based air purifying technology continues to be subject to a major drawback, namely: the formation of ozone as a by-product. In any case, the ozone generation was uncorrelated to ion emission when using different technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hernández-Díaz
- Serra Húnter Programme, Department of Engineering Graphics and Design, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, TR5 Campus Terrassa, 08222, Terrassa, Spain.
| | - D Martos-Ferreira
- Department of Electronics, The Salesian University School of Sarrià, Passeig Sant Joan Bosco 74, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - V Hernández-Abad
- Department of Engineering Graphics and Design, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, TR5 Campus Terrassa, 08222, Terrassa, Spain.
| | - R Villar-Ribera
- Department of Engineering Graphics and Design, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Campus Manresa, 08242, Manresa, Spain.
| | - Q Tarrés
- LEPAMAP Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - J I Rojas-Sola
- Department of Engineering Graphics, Design and Projects, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang C, Zhu L, Zhao F, Xu D. The chemistry of gaseous benzene degradation using non-thermal plasma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1565-1573. [PMID: 32851524 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the abatement of benzene in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was studied. The efficiency was investigated in terms of benzene conversion and product formation. The composition of gas-liquid-solid three-phase product produced during degradation was observed by GC-MS. Under the optimal SED, the solid-phase product was analyzed by FT-IR, SEM, and EDS. The results suggested that the product were mainly benzonitriles, benzenedicarbonitrile, phenols, esters, and amides. The wt% of C in product decreased as SED increased, demonstrating that the high discharge voltage facilitated the conversion of VOCs to gaseous intermediate product and CO2. Possible degradation mechanism and pathways of benzene destruction in the DBD reactor were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China.
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| | - Danyun Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Plasma Technology and Its Relevance in Waste Air and Waste Gas Treatment. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12218981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasma technology is already used in various applications such as surface treatment, surface coating, reforming of carbon dioxide and methane, removal of volatile organic compounds, odor abatement and disinfection, but treatment processes described in this context do not go beyond laboratory and pilot plant scale. Exemplary applications of both non-thermal plasma and thermal plasma should underline the feasibility of scale-up to industrial application. A non-thermal plasma in modular form was built, which is designed for up to 1000 m³∙h−1 and was successfully practically tested in combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP), mineral adsorber and bio-scrubber for abatement of volatile organic components (VOCs), odorous substances and germs. Thermal plasmas are usually arc-heated plasmas, which are operated with different plasma gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon or air. In recent years steam plasmas were gradually established, adding liquid water as plasma gas. In the present system the plasma was directly operated with steam generated externally. Further progress of development of this system was described and critically evaluated towards performance data of an already commercially used water film-based system. Degradation rates of CF4 contaminated air of up to 100% where achieved in industrial scale.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng Z, Li C, Chen D, Chen J, Zhang S, Ye J, Yu J, Dionysiou DD. A novel array of double dielectric barrier discharge combined with TiCo catalyst to remove high-flow-rate toluene: Performance evaluation and mechanism analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:940-951. [PMID: 31539998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel array double dielectric barrier discharge (ADDBD) combined with a TiO2/Al2O3-Co3O4/AC (TiCo) catalyst was applied to remove toluene. The effects of catalyst setting distance, catalyst combination mode, and process factors (including specific input energy, initial toluene concentration, and relative humidity) were investigated in terms of the toluene degradation efficiency (ηtoluene) and the selectivity of CO2 (SCO2). When the specific input energy was 65 J·L-1, the initial toluene concentration was 100 mg·m-3, and the relative humidity was 30%, the highest ηtoluene of 72% and SCO2 of 44% could be achieved with TiO2/Al2O3 10 cm and Co3O4/AC 20 cm downstream of the ADDBD. Based on the determination of active substances (e.g., O3, OH) and the catalyst activation mode, a synergistic effect of active substances and photon between the ADDBD and the TiCo catalyst was proposed for the removal of toluene. Finally, the biodegradability and toxicity of the outlet gas were evaluated, and the results showed that the outlet gas was more convenient for subsequent biopurification and less toxic to the surroundings after the treatment by the ADDBD combined with the TiCo catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Shihan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jiexu Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jianming Yu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan KL, Chang MB. Plasma catalytic oxidation of toluene over double perovskite-type oxide via packed-bed DBD. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12948-12962. [PMID: 30895547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various perovskite-type catalysts including La2CoMnO6, LaCoO3, and LaMnO3 are first evaluated for the activities toward C7H8 removal. Experimental results indicate that double-type La2CoMnO6 shows better activity if compared with single perovskites due to high lattice oxygen content and good reducibility. Subsequently, perovskite catalysts are combined with plasma (NTP) to form in-plasma catalysis (IPC) and post-plasma catalysis (PPC) systems. The results indicate that IPC systems have better higher performance than that of NTP-alone and PPC. Especially, high C7H8 conversion (100%) and mineralization efficiency (96.8%) can be achieved with the applied voltage of 18 kV and temperature of 120 °C when La2CoMnO6 is integrated with NTP to form IPC system. Also, it owns the highest energy efficiency (0.14 g/kWh). It is concluded that IPC performance for C7H8 removal is closely related with the properties of catalyst surface. In addition, the kinetics of IPC systems are investigated by a simplified model, and the result indicates that IPC with La2CoMnO6 as catalyst has a higher overall energy constant. This study reveals that double-type La2CoMnO6 is of higher activity than single perovskites for C7H8 removal, and demonstrates that double-type La2CoMnO6 is of high potential to form plasma catalysis system for VOCs removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Lun Pan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Guo M, Zhang R, Ning P, Ma Y, Ma Q, Wang L. Removal of low-concentration thiophene by DC corona discharge plasma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1606-1614. [PMID: 30446912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the removal of C4H4S using DC corona discharge plasma. The influences of various factors such as C4H4S concentration (ppm), temperature (°C), O2 concentration (%), and dust concentration (mg/m3) on the conversion of C4H4S were studied. Furthermore, gaseous compositions were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Solid products, which were collected from earth and discharge electrodes, were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that, under the condition of DC corona discharge plasma, C4H4S converted to CO, CO2, S, SO2, and SO42-, and that the conversion rate increased with the increase in specific input energy (SIE). The increase of O2 concentration led to further energy consumption that generated O3, which in turn decreased the conversion rate of C4H4S. The increase in temperature exhibited a positive influence on the conversion of C4H4S when the SIE was less than 268 J/L. However, above this value of SIE, the temperature affected the conversion of C4H4S negatively with the increase in SIE. When dust was introduced, the conversion of C4H4S was significantly improved and the yield of SO2 reduced due to the reaction which took place among C4H4S, SO2 and dust in the electric field. The results showed that the DC corona discharge plasma exhibited considerable potential to remove C4H4S, while dust contributed positively towards the disposal of C4H4S. Graphical abstract In this work, DC corona plasma was used to remove thiophene (C4H4S) from a dust-containing gas stream. The results showed that electron collision, oxidizability of radicals, and existence of O3 were the main causes of C4H4S decomposition. The electron collision effects, contents of radicals, O3, and the conversion rate of C4H4S were enhanced with the increase in SIE (specific input energy). The main products consisted of CO, CO2, SO2, and solid products. The solid products and dust moved to the earth electrode in the electric field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengxue Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yixing Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Langlang Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Plasma Oxidation of H2S over Non-stoichiometric LaxMnO3 Perovskite Catalysts in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8080317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, plasma-catalytic removal of H2S over LaxMnO3 (x = 0.90, 0.95, 1, 1.05 and 1.10) has been studied in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The non-stoichiometric effect of the LaxMnO3 catalysts on the removal of H2S and sulfur balance in the plasma-catalytic process has been investigated as a function of specific energy density (SED). The integration of the plasma with the LaxMnO3 catalysts significantly enhanced the reaction performance compared to the process using plasma alone. The highest H2S removal of 96.4% and sulfur balance of 90.5% were achieved over the La0.90MnO3 catalyst, while the major products included SO2 and SO3. The missing sulfur could be ascribed to the sulfur deposited on the catalyst surfaces. The non-stoichiometric LaxMnO3 catalyst exhibited larger specific surface areas and smaller crystallite sizes compared to the LaMnO3 catalyst. The non-stoichiometric effect changed their redox properties as the decreased La/Mn ratio favored the transformation of Mn3+ to Mn4+, which contributed to the generation of oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surfaces. The XPS and H2-TPR results confirmed that the Mn-rich catalysts showed the higher relative concentration of surface adsorbed oxygen (Oads) and lower reduction temperature compared to LaMnO3 catalyst. The reaction performance of the plasma-catalytic oxidation of H2S is closely related to the relative concentration of Oads formed on the catalyst surfaces and the reducibility of the catalysts.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mustafa MF, Fu X, Liu Y, Abbas Y, Wang H, Lu W. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal in non-thermal plasma double dielectric barrier discharge reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 347:317-324. [PMID: 29331811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) an emerging technology to treat volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in unhygienic point source air streams. In present study, double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) reactors were used for the first time to evaluate the removal efficiency of VOCs mixture of different nature at constant experimental conditions (input power 16-65.8 W, VOCs mixture feeding rate 1-6 L/min, 100-101 ppm inlet concentration of individual VOC). Reactor A and B with discharge gap at 6 mm and 3 mm respectively, were used in current study. When treated at an input power of 53.7 W with gas feeding rate of 1 L/min in DDBD reactor A, removal efficiency of the VOCs were: tetrachloroethylene (100%), toluene (100%), trichloroethylene (100%), benzene (100%), ethyl acetate (100%) and carbon disulfide (88.30%); whereas in reactor B, the removal efficiency of all VOCs were 100%. Plasma-catalyst (Pt-Sn/Al2O3, BaTiO3 and HZSM-5) synergistic effect on VOCs removal efficiency was also investigated. Highest removal efficiency i.e 100% was observed for each compound with BaTiO3 and HZSM-5 at an input power 65.8 W. However, integrating NTP with BaTiO3 and HZSM-5 leads to enhanced removal performance of VOCs mixture with high activity, increase in energy efficiency and suppression of unwanted byproducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Mustafa
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xindi Fu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yawar Abbas
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schiavon M, Martini LM, Corrà C, Scapinello M, Coller G, Tosi P, Ragazzi M. Characterisation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the composting of different waste matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:845-853. [PMID: 28869831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The complaints arising from the problem of odorants released by composting plants may impede the construction of new composting facilities, preclude the proper activity of existing facilities or even lead to their closure, with negative implications for waste management and local economy. Improving the knowledge on VOC emissions from composting processes is of particular importance since different VOCs imply different odour impacts. To this purpose, three different organic matrices were studied in this work: dewatered sewage sludge (M1), digested organic fraction of municipal solid waste (M2) and untreated food waste (M3). The three matrices were aerobically biodegraded in a bench-scale bioreactor simulating composting conditions. A homemade device sampled the process air from each treatment at defined time intervals. The samples were analysed for VOC detection. The information on the concentrations of the detected VOCs was combined with the VOC-specific odour thresholds to estimate the relative weight of each biodegraded matrix in terms of odour impact. When the odour formation was at its maximum, the waste gas from the composting of M3 showed a total odour concentration about 60 and 15,000 times higher than those resulting from the composting of M1 and M2, respectively. Ethyl isovalerate showed the highest contribution to the total odour concentration (>99%). Terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene and limonene) were abundantly present in M2 and M3, while sulphides (dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide) were the dominant components of M1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schiavon
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Luca Matteo Martini
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Cesare Corrà
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Scapinello
- Department of Physics, University of Trento c/o KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graziano Coller
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento, Via Verdi 53, I-38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Tosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Ragazzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pan KL, Chen DL, Pan GT, Chong S, Chang MB. Removal of phenol from gas streams via combined plasma catalysis. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Experimental Study on the Absorption of Toluene from Exhaust Gas by Paraffin/Surfactant/Water Emulsion. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9385027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new paraffin/surfactant/water emulsion (PSW) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) controlling was prepared and its potential for VOCs removal was investigated. Results indicated that PSW-5 (5%, v/v) provided higher toluene absorption efficiency (90.77%) than the other absorbents used. The saturation pressure, Henry’s constant, and activity coefficient of toluene in PSW-5 were significantly lower than those in water, and toluene solubility (1.331 g·L−1) in the PSW-5 was more than 2.5 times higher than the value in water. Several factors potentially affecting the toluene absorption efficiency were systematically investigated. The results suggested that concentration and pH of PSW, absorption temperature, and gas flow rate all had a strong influence on the toluene absorption, but the inlet concentration of toluene had little effect on the toluene absorption. There were different absorbing performances of PSW-5 on different VOCs, and the ketones, esters, and aromatics were more easily removed by the PSW-5 than the alkanes. Regeneration and reuse of the PSW were possible; after 3 runs of regeneration the absorption efficiency of PSW-5 for toluene also could reach 82.42%. So, the PSW is an economic, efficient, and safe absorbent and has a great prospect in organic waste gas treatment.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cubas ALV, Machado MM, Pinto CRSC, Moecke EHS, Dutra ARA. Biodiesel production using fatty acids from food industry waste using corona discharge plasma technology. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 47:149-154. [PMID: 26159043 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to describe an alternative and innovative methodology to transform waste, frying oil in a potential energy source, the biodiesel. The biodiesel was produced from fatty acids, using a waste product of the food industry as the raw material. The methodology to be described is the corona discharge plasma technology, which offers advantages such as acceleration of the esterification reaction, easy separation of the biodiesel and the elimination of waste generation. The best conditions were found to be an oil/methanol molar ratio of 6:1, ambient temperature (25 °C) and reaction time of 110 min and 30 mL of sample. The acid value indicates the content of free fatty acids in the biodiesel and the value obtained in this study was 0.43 mg KOH/g. Peaks corresponding to octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and octadecenoic acid methyl ester, from the biodiesel composition, were identified using GC-MS. A major advantage of this process is that the methyl ester can be obtained in the absence of chemical catalysts and without the formation of the co-product (glycerin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L V Cubas
- UNA - PCA, Articulation Academic Unit of Production, Construction and Agribusiness, Environmental Engineering, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNISUL, Avenue Pedra Branca, 25, CEP: 88279900, Palhoça, SC, Brazil.
| | - M M Machado
- Environmental Engineering, University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul), CEP 80137270, Palhoça, SC, Brazil; Post Graduation in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), CEP 88040900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - C R S C Pinto
- Post Graduation in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), CEP 88040900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - E H S Moecke
- Environmental Engineering, University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul), CEP 80137270, Palhoça, SC, Brazil; Departament of Science and Technology of Food, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), CEP 88034001, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - A R A Dutra
- Production Engineering, University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul), CEP 80137270, Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schiavon M, Ragazzi M, Rada EC, Torretta V. Air pollution control through biotrickling filters: a review considering operational aspects and expected performance. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:1143-1155. [PMID: 26482296 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The biological removal of pollutants, especially through biotrickling filters (BTFs), has recently become attractive for the low investment and operational costs and the low secondary pollution. This paper is intended to investigate the state of the art on BTF applications. After an overview on the biodegradation process and the typical parameters involved, this paper presents the analysis of a group of 16 literature studies chosen as the references for this sector. The reference studies differ from one another by the pollutants treated (volatile organic compounds [VOC], hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen oxides and trimethylamine), the geometry and size of the BTFs, and the procedures of the tests. The reference studies are analyzed and discussed in terms of the operational conditions and the results obtained, especially with respect to the removal efficiencies (REs) and the elimination capacities (ECs) of the pollutants considered. Empty bed residence time (EBRT), pollutant loading rate, temperature, pH, oxygen availability, trickling liquid flow rate, inoculum selection and biomass control strategies revealed to be the most important operational factors influencing the removal performance of a BTF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schiavon
- a Department of Civil , Environmental and Mechanical Engineering - University of Trento , Trento , Italy , and
| | - Marco Ragazzi
- a Department of Civil , Environmental and Mechanical Engineering - University of Trento , Trento , Italy , and
| | - Elena Cristina Rada
- a Department of Civil , Environmental and Mechanical Engineering - University of Trento , Trento , Italy , and.,b Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences - University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Torretta
- b Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences - University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| |
Collapse
|