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Gunarathne V, Phillips AJ, Zanoletti A, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Di Maria F, Pivato A, Korzeniewska E, Bontempi E. Environmental pitfalls and associated human health risks and ecological impacts from landfill leachate contaminants: Current evidence, recommended interventions and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169026. [PMID: 38056656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The improper management of solid waste, particularly the dumping of untreated municipal solid waste, poses a growing global challenge in both developed and developing nations. The generation of leachate is one of the significant issues that arise from this practice, and it can have harmful impacts on both the environment and public health. This paper presents an overview of the primary waste types that generate landfill leachate and their characteristics. This includes examining the distribution of waste types in landfills globally and how they have changed over time, which can provide valuable insights into potential pollutants in a given area and their trends. With a lack of specific regulations and growing concerns regarding environmental and health impacts, the paper also focuses on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, the environmental and ecological impacts of leachate, along with associated health risks, are analyzed. The potential applications of landfill leachate, suggested interventions and future directions are also discussed in the manuscript. Finally, this work addresses future research directions in landfill leachate studies, with attention, for the first time to the potentialities that artificial intelligence can offer for landfill leachate management, studies, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ankur J Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Francesco Di Maria
- LAR5 Laboratory, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- DICEA - Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Quadar J, Chowdhary AB, Dutta R, Angmo D, Rashid F, Singh S, Singh J, Vig AP. Characterization of vermicompost of coconut husk mixed with cattle dung: physicochemical properties, SEM, and FT-IR analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87790-87801. [PMID: 35831646 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the potential of vermicomposting in management of different ratios of coconut husk waste (CH) and cattle dung (CD) viz (waste: CD) 0:100 (CH0), 25:75 (CH25), 50:50 (CH50), 75:25 (CH75), and 100:0 (CH100) using Eisenia fetida for 120 days. The physicochemical properties were analyzed in vermicompost samples taken on the 0 and 120th day. Co-composting with cattle manure improved their acceptability for E. fetida as well as their physicochemical properties. In a 50:50 (CH50) ratio, the lowest mortality and maximum growth in terms of number and biomass of earthworms were observed. The results revealed that during pre-vermicompost to post-vermicompost, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium increased, whereas in all vermicomposting end products organic carbon and the C:N ratio decreased significantly. Except zinc, all heavy metals decreased significantly (p < 0.05) over initial in all the feed mixtures. Seed germination tests indicated that the mature and non-phytotoxic vermicompost has been formed at the end of the experiment. The Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of vermicompost demonstrated the excellent maturity of the compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangeer Quadar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Anu Bala Chowdhary
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Rahil Dutta
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Deachen Angmo
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 143005.
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Sales Junior SF, Costa Amaral IC, Mannarino CF, Hauser-Davis RA, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. Long-term landfill leachate exposure modulates antioxidant responses and causes cyto-genotoxic effects in Eisenia andrei earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117351. [PMID: 34000669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 0.4% of the total leachate produced in a landfill is destined for treatment plants, while the rest can reach the soil and groundwater. In this context, this study aimed to perform leachate toxicity evaluations through immune system cytotoxic assessments, genotoxic (comet assay) appraisals and antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT, glutathione-S-transferase - GST; reduced glutathione - GSH and metallothionein - MT) evaluations in Eisenia andrei earthworms exposed to a Brazilian leachate for 77 days. The leachate sample contained high organic matter (COD - 10,630 mg L-1) and ammoniacal nitrogen (2398 mg L-1), as well as several metals, including Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni and Zn. Leachate exposure resulted in SOD activity alterations and increased CAT activity and MT levels. Decreased GST activity and GSH levels were also observed. Antioxidant system alterations due to leachate exposure led to increased malondialdehyde levels as a result of lipid peroxidation after the 77 day-exposure. An inflammatory process was also observed in exposed earthworms, evidenced by increased amoebocyte density, and DNA damage was also noted. This study demonstrates for the first time that sublethal effect assessments in leachate-exposed earthworms comprise an important tool for solid waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Campos Costa Amaral
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camille Ferreira Mannarino
- Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- UNIRIO,Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-20, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Center of Studies on Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Wu C, Chen W, Gu Z, Li Q. A review of the characteristics of Fenton and ozonation systems in landfill leachate treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143131. [PMID: 33129548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development and application of Fenton and ozonation systems in landfill leachate treatment over the last 20 years, and the current research status are reviewed in this paper, with an emphasis on the technical and economic characteristics of Fenton and ozonation systems used to treat different types of landfill leachate. To date, a total of 101 and 78 articles have been published regarding leachate treatment by Fenton and ozonation systems, respectively. These articles considered the use of two systems to treat aged leachate, biologically treated leachate and leachate comprising the concentrated solution resulting from reverse osmosis (RO). The oxidization mechanisms of the two systems used to treat landfill leachate significantly differed in terms of their optimal process parameters (e.g., initial pH value, reagent dosage, and reaction time) and removal efficiency. The Fenton and ozonation systems outperformed persulfate-based advanced oxidation technology in terms of their improved biodegradability of landfill leachate and engineering practicability. The cost of the reagents required to treat landfill leachate by Fenton and ozonation systems accounted for at least 85% of the total operating cost. In contrast to the ozonation system, the Fenton system was more cost-effective when both systems were used to treat the same type of landfill leachate. This study provides a theoretical basis for the operation of Fenton and ozonation systems and also offers technical support for landfill leachate disposal companies that opt to use these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Wu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhepei Gu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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Chu X, He Z, Fan X, Zhang L, Wen H, Huang WC, Wang T. The influencing factors of Harbin (China) residents' satisfaction with municipal solid waste treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:83-92. [PMID: 32787673 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20947158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
China is experiencing an enormous increase in municipal household solid waste (MHSW) generation and is facing multiple problems associated with the treatment of MHSW. This paper analyses factors affecting residents' satisfaction with MHSW treatment performance. Six factors were identified by the Delphi method: (a) pick-up frequency by waste collection vehicles, (b) fund supply situation, (c) charging standard for waste treatment, (d) waste bin arrangement, (e) laws and regulations, (f) publicity and education. We examine the significance of these six influencing factors, estimating binary logistic regression models. Data for this study are derived from the survey responses of 469 households in Harbin, one of the largest cities in northeast China. The results indicate that 'pick-up frequency by waste collection vehicles' is ranked the first and most important determinant of Harbin residents' satisfaction with MHSW treatment; this is closely followed by 'publicity and education'. The third and fourth significant influencing factors, respectively, are 'fund supply situation' and 'charging standard for waste treatment'. The last two factors are 'laws and regulations' and 'waste bin arrangement'. By understanding the influence of various factors on residents' satisfaction, this study aims to help in designing an effective waste management system to reduce the cost of MHSW management, and to raise the residents' satisfaction with municipal solid waste treatment. Based on the research findings, we advocate that establishing a reasonable waste transport (pick-up) system as well as strengthening publicity and education of waste management are key to improving residents' satisfaction with the MHSW treatment performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chu
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, China
| | - Xiuhua Fan
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, China
| | - Hong Wen
- School of Public Management, South China University of Technology, China
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, China
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, China
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Ahadi N, Sharifi Z, Hossaini SMT, Rostami A, Renella G. Remediation of heavy metals and enhancement of fertilizing potential of a sewage sludge by the synergistic interaction of woodlice and earthworms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121573. [PMID: 31761649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Woodlice and the earthworm alone or in combination were used to improve physical properties, nutrient release, and heavy metals stabilization during composting of sewage sludge. Chemical properties of raw sludge (IS) were compared to those of composted sludge (CS), sludge + earthworms (VS), sludge + woodlice (WS), and sludge + earthworms + woodlice (VWS) after 50 and 100 days of composting. Physical properties and heavy metals accumulation by the studied fauna was determined after 100 days of composting. Highest proportions of fine particles, porosity and water holding capacity were in the VWS treatment, electrical conductivity, ash content, inorganic N and the total concentrations of P, K, Ca and Mg increased, whereas the pH value, the organic C, C:N ratio and humic acids content decreased in following order: VWS > VC > WS > CS > IS. Total concentrations of Pb, Cd and Ni in composted sludge were lower whereas concentrations of Zn, Cu and Mn were higher than in raw sludge, and woodlice showed higher bioconcentration factor (BCFs) than earthworm for all heavy metals in all treatments. We concluded that woodlice and earthworms synergistically improved the physicochemical properties of the compost and enhanced its potential use as amendment in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Ahadi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahed Sharifi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Sayd M T Hossaini
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amin Rostami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran street, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
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Gong X, Li S, Carson MA, Chang SX, Wu Q, Wang L, An Z, Sun X. Spent mushroom substrate and cattle manure amendments enhance the transformation of garden waste into vermicomposts using the earthworm Eisenia fetida. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109263. [PMID: 31336340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Garden wastes (GW) having high lignin contents could hinder the growth of earthworms and microorganisms in vermicomposting. This study investigated the Eisenia fetida-based vermicomposting of GW mixed with cattle manure (CM) and/or spent mushroom substrate (SMS) at different ratios of GW alone (control), 3:1 GW:SMS, 1:1 GW:SMS, 3:1 GW:CM, 1:1 GW:CM and 2:1:1 GW:SMS:CM to promote earthworm growth and improve the final vermicompost quality. In general, treatments with the addition of SMS and/or CM increased the survival rate, biomass, cocoon and juvenile numbers of E. fetida compared to the control. The addition of SMS and/or CM also significantly increased the activities of dehydrogenase, cellulase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase compared to the control. Furthermore, the addition of SMS and/or CM facilitated the decomposition of organic matter, cellulose and lignin, increased nutrient (N, P and K) concentrations, and accelerated nitrification compared to the control. The addition of SMS and CM led to greater chemical changes of the substrate compared to control. Heavy metal concentrations were increased in the final vermicomposts comparatively to the initial materials, but none of them exceeded the permissible limits. The highest germination index of Chinese cabbage and tomato seeds were both observed in the treatment of 2:1:1 GW:SMS:CM which reached 146.9 and 148.1. Overall, the 2:1:1 GW:SMS:CM treatment had the highest growth and reproduction rates of E. fetida, higher percentage degradation of organic matter, cellulose and lignin, as well as the best quality of the final vermicompost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Gong
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2E3
| | - Suyan Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Michael A Carson
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2E3
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2E3
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2E3; Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education PR China, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhengfeng An
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2E3
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Khan MB, Cui X, Jilani G, Lazzat U, Zehra A, Hamid Y, Hussain B, Tang L, Yang X, He Z. Eisenia fetida and biochar synergistically alleviate the heavy metals content during valorization of biosolids via enhancing vermicompost quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:597-609. [PMID: 31158623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Impact of different biochars supplemented (10% w/w) to promote vermicomposting of sewage sludge (SS) and kitchen waste (KW) mixture (SS + KW, 70:30) was studied on the growth, reproduction and survival of earthworms, and ultimately the quality of vermicompost. Four types of biochar used as secondary material for preincubation (16 days) and vermicomposting (30 days) were: pine tree biochar (PTB), poplar plant biochar (PPB), wetland plant biochar (WPB) and yard waste biochar (YWB). Preincubation and vermicomposting of biomass mixture were undertaken in 60 L and 2 L capacity round-shaped bioreactors, respectively. Samples of biomass undergoing degradation were drawn after every 2 days during preincubation and with 5 days interval during vermicomposting to analyze them for plant nutrients and heavy metals contents. Amendment of vermicompost substrate (SS + KW) with biochars; PTB, PPB, WPB and YWB increased the reproduction rate of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) by 44.6, 53.9, 29.3 and 38.8%, respectively as compared to control (no biochar, NB). There has been significant reduction in total content of Cd (0.2-5.1%), Cr (7.3-10.8%), Cu (3.1-7.4%), Mn (3.2-8.4%), Pb (9.0-45.9%) and Zn (1.1-5.7%) by the application of different biochars as compared to NB after vermicomposting. The SEM/EDS images also reflected reduced concentration of these heavy metals in the final vermicompost as compared to initial mixtures. Progressively, biochar amendments increased the concentration of all macronutrients, viz., TN (15.8-31.0%), TP (8.6-9.9%), TK (2.8-17.3%), Ca (4.1-9.9%) and Mg (0.8-12.2%); while, reduced the pH (1.9-2.3%), content of Na (6.6-22.3%), TOC (6.6-15.4%), OM (5.0-8.2%) and C:N ratio (2.6-18.9%). Earthworm body accumulation factor (BAF) of heavy metals was: Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cr at the termination stage of experiment. In conclusion, amending the SS + KW mixture with 10% (w/w) PPB for vermicomposting rendered higher count of cocoons, growth rate and reproduction rate of earthworms, which ultimately produce nutrients-rich vermicompost lower in heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Ugit Lazzat
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Afsheen Zehra
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Science Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
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Khan MB, Cui X, Jilani G, Ting Y, Zehra A, Hamid Y, Hussain B, Tang L, Yang X, He Z. Preincubation and vermicomposting of divergent biosolids exhibit vice versa multielements stoichiometry and earthworm physiology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:144-156. [PMID: 31100659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge and kitchen refuse are ubiquitously mounting wastes with high organic load, which if reprocessed they could salvage the environment. Reckoned with this certitude, an incubating study was initiated on sequential preincubation of sewage sludge with kitchen waste in 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 ratios for 16 days ensued by vermicomposting of 30 days using Eisenia fetida. Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the biosolid mixtures increased during preincubation but reduced progressively through vermicomposting due to bioaccumulation of these metals in the earthworm tissues. Earthworm growth parameters data reflected that sewage sludge and kitchen waste mixture with 70:30 ratio increased the number of cocoons (10.6%), biomass (8.2%), growth rate (8.3%), reproduction rate (12.2%), and decreased their mean mortality rate (80.1%) as compared to that in sole sewage sludge (control). Results of chemical analysis and SEM/EDS imaging, showed that alkalinity, organic carbon, C/N ratio, organic matter and concentration of trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) reduced while macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) increased in the final vermicompost as compared to that in initial mixtures. The FT-IR analysis also revealed that various biochemical functional groups underwent biodegradation during combined preincubation-vermicomposting. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of all trace elements in the earthworm tissues was higher with 70:30 ratio of substrates, with the trend of Cd > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cr. Hence, this study concludes that combined preincubation-vermicomposting is the most efficient and ecofriendly technique for biodegradation, stabilization, and conversion of sewage sludge and kitchen waste into organic fertilizer. The nutrient rich vermicompost can be safely used as horticultural substrate and soil conditioner for efficient management of degraded soils. Finally, combined preincubation-vermicomposting is a sustainable system of recycling the sewage sludge along with kitchen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University Rawapindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Yan Ting
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Afsheen Zehra
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Science Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
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Chu Z, Fan X, Wang W, Huang WC. Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals' pollution hazards and estimation of heavy metals' environmental costs in leachate during food waste composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 84:119-128. [PMID: 30691883 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in leachate during food waste composting may produce different degrees of pollution hazards and further induce environment costs, when the concentrations of heavy metals exceed the discharging quality standards. Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals' pollution hazards and estimation of such environmental costs are under-represented in the existing literature. This paper uses a logistic function approach to evaluate the extent of pollution hazards of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) and to estimate heavy metals' environmental costs in leachate during food waste composting from Minhang food waste treatment plant located in northern Shanghai, China. Major findings of this study are: (1) The pollution hazards rate of Cd amounts to 94.03%, probably because Cd-containing materials such as plastics are mixed with food waste; (2) With the comprehensive pollution hazards rate estimated as 94.48%, the environmental costs caused by heavy metals in leachate during food waste composting amount to US$0.52 per tonne. This magnitude of environmental costs is meaningful and significant, considering that it is equivalent to 2.97% of Shanghai's food waste treatment charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujie Chu
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; The School of Economics and Management Research Institute of Disaster and Crisis Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiuhua Fan
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; The School of Economics and Management Research Institute of Disaster and Crisis Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenna Wang
- The Economy and Management School, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; The School of Economics and Management Research Institute of Disaster and Crisis Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Economics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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11
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Soobhany N, Mohee R, Garg VK. Inactivation of bacterial pathogenic load in compost against vermicompost of organic solid waste aiming to achieve sanitation goals: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:51-62. [PMID: 28302524 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste management strategies for organic residues, such as composting and vermicomposting, have been implemented in some developed and developing countries to solve the problem of organic solid waste (OSW). Yet, these biological treatment technologies do not always result in good quality compost or vermicompost with regards to sanitation capacity owing to the presence of bacterial pathogenic substances in objectionable concentrations. The presence of pathogens in soil conditioners poses a potential health hazard and their occurrence is of particular significance in composts and/or vermicomposts produced from organic materials. Past and present researches demonstrated a high-degree of agreement that various pathogens survive after the composting of certain OSW but whether similar changes in bacterial pathogenic loads arise during vermitechnology has not been thoroughly elucidated. This review garners information regarding the status of various pathogenic bacteria which survived or diffused after the composting process compared to the status of these pathogens after the vermicomposting of OSW with the aim of achieving sanitation goals. This work is also indispensable for the specification of compost quality guidelines concerning pathogen loads which would be specific to treatment technology. It was hypothesized that vermicomposting process for OSW can be efficacious in sustaining the existence of pathogenic organisms most specifically; human pathogens under safety levels. In summary, earthworms can be regarded as a way of obliterating pathogenic bacteria from OSW in a manner equivalent to earthworm gut transit mechanism which classifies vermicomposting as a promising sanitation technique in comparison to composting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuhaa Soobhany
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Romeela Mohee
- Office of Vice Chancellor, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Vinod Kumar Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 155001, Punjab, India
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Lim CK, Seow TW, Neoh CH, Md Nor MH, Ibrahim Z, Ware I, Mat Sarip SH. Treatment of landfill leachate using ASBR combined with zeolite adsorption technology. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:195. [PMID: 28330267 PMCID: PMC5014766 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanitary landfilling is the most common way to dispose solid urban waste; however, improper landfill management may pose serious environmental threats through discharge of high strength polluted wastewater also known as leachate. The treatment of landfill leachate to fully reduce the negative impact on the environment, is nowadays a challenge. In this study, an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was proposed for the treatment of locally obtained real landfill leachate with initial ammoniacal nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 1800 and 3200 mg/L, respectively. ASBR could remove 65 % of ammoniacal nitrogen and 30 % of COD during seven days of treatment time. Thereafter, an effective adsorbent, i.e., zeolite was used as a secondary treatment step for polishing the ammoniacal nitrogen and COD content that is present in leachate. The results obtained are promising where the adsorption of leachate by zeolite further enhanced the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and COD up to 96 and 43 %, respectively. Furthermore, this combined biological-physical treatment system was able to remove heavy metals, i.e. aluminium, vanadium, chromium, magnesium, cuprum and plumbum significantly. These results demonstrate that combined ASBR and zeolite adsorption is a feasible technique for the treatment of landfill leachate, even considering this effluent's high resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kim Lim
- Department of Construction Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Ta Wee Seow
- Department of Construction Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Hong Neoh
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hanif Md Nor
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaharah Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ware
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hajar Mat Sarip
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Liao Z, Wang J, Wan R, Xi S, Chen Z, Chen Z, Yu Y, Long S, Wang H. Immobilization of Cd in landfill-leachate-contaminated soil with cow manure compost as soil conditioners: A laboratory study. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2016; 66:1276-1283. [PMID: 27594208 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1218976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Introducing cow manure compost as an amendment in landfill-leachate-contaminated soils is proved to be an effective technique for the immobilization of Cd in this study. Landfill-leachate-contaminated soil was collected from an unlined landfill in China and amended with a different blending quantity of cow manure compost (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 g per 200 g soil), which was made by mixing cow manure and chaff at a ratio of 1/1 and maturing for 6 months. pH values of five different blending quantity mixtures increased by 0.2-0.4, and the organic matter levels increased by 2.5-7%, during a remediation period of 5 weeks. Four fractions of Cd named exchangeable Cd, reducible Cd, oxidizable Cd, and residual Cd in soil were respectively analyzed by a sequential extraction procedure. Introducing the cow manure compost application resulted in more than 40% lower exchangeable Cd but a higher concentration of oxidizable Cd in soils, and mass balance results showed nearly no Cd absorption by applied material, indicating that transformation of exchangeable Cd into oxidization forms was the main mechanism of Cd immobilization when cow manure compost was used as an amendment. The Pearson correlation showed that increasing of pH values significantly improved the efficiency of Cd immobilization, with a correlation coefficiency of 0.940 (p < 0.05). This is the first attempt at heavy metal immobilization in landfill-leachate-contaminated soil by cow manure compost, and findings of this work can be integrated to guide the application. IMPLICATIONS Addition of cow manure compost (CMC) was effective in reducing exchangeable Cd in landfill-leachate-contaminated soils (LLCS). The immobilization effect of Cd was mainly assigned to the redistribution of labile soil Cd. Organic matter (OM) and pH value increased with CMC application. The pH values were more sensitive to Cd immobilization efficiency. It was proved that CMC can be safely and effectively used for the restoration of LLCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwei Liao
- a School of Environmental Science & Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- a School of Environmental Science & Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Rui Wan
- b Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Shuang Xi
- b Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Zhuqi Chen
- c School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Zhulei Chen
- a School of Environmental Science & Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Yingjian Yu
- a School of Environmental Science & Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Sijie Long
- a School of Environmental Science & Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Huabin Wang
- a School of Environmental Science & Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
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