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Ye S, Lu H. Determination of Fatty Acids in Rice Oil by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) with Geographic and Varietal Discrimination by Supervised Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1960361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shomal R, Ogubadejo B, Shittu T, Mahmoud E, Du W, Al-Zuhair S. Advances in Enzyme and Ionic Liquid Immobilization for Enhanced in MOFs for Biodiesel Production. Molecules 2021; 26:3512. [PMID: 34207684 PMCID: PMC8226643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is a promising candidate for sustainable and renewable energy and extensive research is being conducted worldwide to optimize its production process. The employed catalyst is an important parameter in biodiesel production. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are a set of highly porous materials comprising coordinated bonds between metals and organic ligands, have recently been proposed as catalysts. MOFs exhibit high tunability, possess high crystallinity and surface area, and their order can vary from the atomic to the microscale level. However, their catalytic sites are confined inside their porous structure, limiting their accessibility for biodiesel production. Modification of MOF structure by immobilizing enzymes or ionic liquids (ILs) could be a solution to this challenge and can lead to better performance and provide catalytic systems with higher activities. This review compiles the recent advances in catalytic transesterification for biodiesel production using enzymes or ILs. The available literature clearly indicates that MOFs are the most suitable immobilization supports, leading to higher biodiesel production without affecting the catalytic activity while increasing the catalyst stability and reusability in several cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Shomal
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.); (B.O.); (T.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Babatunde Ogubadejo
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.); (B.O.); (T.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Toyin Shittu
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.); (B.O.); (T.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Eyas Mahmoud
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.); (B.O.); (T.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.); (B.O.); (T.S.); (E.M.)
- National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Zhang L, Loh KC, Kuroki A, Dai Y, Tong YW. Microbial biodiesel production from industrial organic wastes by oleaginous microorganisms: Current status and prospects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123543. [PMID: 32739727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to encourage the technical development of microbial biodiesel production from industrial-organic-wastes-derived volatile fatty acids (VFAs). To this end, this article summarizes the current status of several key technical steps during microbial biodiesel production, including (1) acidogenic fermentation of bio-wastes for VFA collection, (2) lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms, (3) microbial lipid extraction, (4) transesterification of microbial lipids into crude biodiesel, and (5) crude biodiesel purification. The emerging membrane-based bioprocesses such as electrodialysis, forward osmosis and membrane distillation, are promising approaches as they could help tackle technical challenges related to the separation and recovery of VFAs from the fermentation broth. The genetic engineering and metabolic engineering approaches could be applied to design microbial species with higher lipid productivity and rapid growth rate for enhanced fatty acids synthesis. The enhanced in situ transesterification technologies aided by microwave, ultrasound and supercritical solvents are also recommended for future research. Technical limitations and cost-effectiveness of microbial biodiesel production from bio-wastes are also discussed, in regard to its potential industrial development. Based on the overview on microbial biodiesel technologies, an integrated biodiesel production line incorporating all the critical technical steps is proposed for unified management and continuous optimization for highly efficient biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore
| | - Kai-Chee Loh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Agnès Kuroki
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore
| | - Yanjun Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.
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Czechlowski M, Marcinkowski D, Golimowska R, Berger WA, Golimowski W. Spectroscopy approach to methanol detection in waste fat methyl esters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 210:14-20. [PMID: 30419453 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Second-generation biodiesel manufactured from waste cooking oils (WCO) and inedible animal fats (AF) are one of the alternatives to the first generation (1G) vegetable oil-based biodiesel. In this study, a quality control method is proposed to evaluate methanol content in waste fat methyl esters and is based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with multivariate analysis. More specifically, calibration models are constructed using partial least squares regression (PLS) for the prediction of methanol content in rapeseed oil methyl ester (ROME), waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME), chicken fat methyl ester (CFME) and pork fat methyl ester (PFME) by Vis-NIR spectrometer. The calibration models are based on the absorbance spectra and computed data from five wavelength regions of 400-2170 nm, 780-2170 nm, 1400-2170 nm, 1400-1600 nm and 1970-2170 nm. For the cases with the highest prediction ability obtained in this study, the coefficient of determination of the model's goodness-of-fit for methanol concentrations range 0-5% (v/v) was R2 > 0.990, and for concentrations 0-1% (v/v) was R2 > 0.994, indicating the spectroscopic approach effectiveness in methanol content detection relevant to the biofuel quality assessment. A pseudo-univariate limits of detection (LODpu) and quantification (LOQpu) as well as ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) were used to confirm the validity and to evaluate the practical applicability of developed models. In addition, the obtained results indicate the possibility of developing a transmission sensor for online monitoring of the production process and the quality of biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Czechlowski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - D Marcinkowski
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland.
| | - R Golimowska
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - W A Berger
- Physics and Electrical Engineering Department, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
| | - W Golimowski
- Wroclaw University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Yang T, Yue C, Pu Q, Zhang Y. Facile synthesis of polyoxometalates tethered to post Fe-BTC frameworks for esterification of free fatty acids to biodiesel. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8113-8120. [PMID: 35521170 PMCID: PMC9061269 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10574j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphomolybdic acid was sequentially incorporated into a highly porous metal–organic framework by a one-pot synthesis method, and the prepared composite was used as an efficient and stable solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun 561000
- China
- Engineering Technology Center of Control and Remediation of Soil Contamination of Provincial Science & Technology Bureau
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute
- Guiyang University
- Guiyang 550005
- China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun 561000
- China
| | - Caiyan Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun 561000
- China
| | - Quanlin Pu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun 561000
- China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun 561000
- China
- Engineering Technology Center of Control and Remediation of Soil Contamination of Provincial Science & Technology Bureau
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Jeong SH, Lee HS, Kim DK, Lee JP, Park JY, Hwang KR, Lee JS. Biodiesel Production from High Free Fatty Acid Oils Using a Bifunctional Solid Catalyst. Top Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee J, Tsang YF, Jung JM, Oh JI, Kim HW, Kwon EE. In-situ pyrogenic production of biodiesel from swine fat. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:442-447. [PMID: 27611027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In-situ production of fatty acid methyl esters from swine fat via thermally induced pseudo-catalytic transesterification on silica was investigated in this study. Instead of methanol, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was used as acyl acceptor to achieve environmental benefits and economic viability. Thermo-gravimetric analysis of swine fat reveals that swine fat contains 19.57wt.% of water and impurities. Moreover, the fatty acid profiles obtained under various conditions (extracted swine oil+methanol+NaOH, extracted swine oil+DMC+pseudo-catalytic, and swine fat+DMC+pseudo-catalytic) were compared. These profiles were identical, showing that the introduced in-situ transesterification is technically feasible. This also suggests that in-situ pseudo-catalytic transesterification has a high tolerance against impurities. This study also shows that FAME yield via in-situ pseudo-catalytic transesterification of swine fat reached up to 97.2% at 380°C. Therefore, in-situ pseudo-catalytic transesterification can be applicable to biodiesel production of other oil-bearing biomass feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Environmental Energy Division, Land & Housing Institute, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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