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Butkutė K, Vaitkevičius V, Adomaitytė F. Eco-Friendly 3D-Printed Concrete Made with Waste and Organic Artificial Aggregates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3290. [PMID: 38998375 PMCID: PMC11243148 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In this research, the results of an experimental study on the use of three alternative components for creating artificial aggregates (AAs) (granules) and their usage in 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) are examined. This study combines AAs made from organic components like hemp shives (HSs), pyrolyzed coal (charcoal), waste/municipal solid waste incinerator bottom slag (BS), and a mix of a reference 3DPC with the aforementioned AAs. Particularly, to enhance these properties to make low-carbon 3DPC, in this research, the potential of using AAs as lightweight aggregates was increased to 14% in terms of the mass of the concrete. Each mix was tested in terms of its printability via a preliminary test in a 3D printing laboratory. For an additional comparison with the aforementioned cases, 3DPC was mixed with unprocessed hemp shives, charcoal, and BS. Furthermore, their strength was measured at 28 days, and lastly, their durability parameters and shrinkage were experimentally investigated. Cross-sections of the fragments were studied under a scanning electron microscope. In this study, we achieved improvements in the mechanical properties of AAs for their development and implementation as an innovative way to reduce carbon in 3DPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Butkutė
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.V.); (F.A.)
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Li J, Teng G, Zhang S, Fu P, Li J, Wu C, Ni W. The leaching behavior of hazardous element under different leaching procedure utilizing slag-fly ash-based agent: Chromium, antimony, and lead. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170782. [PMID: 38342458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Low-carbon cementitious materials based on blast furnace slag (BFS) and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash play a pivotal role in the construction industry by substituting cement clinker. This innovation significantly reduces CO2 emissions and enables the extensive utilization of both industrial solid waste and hazardous urban waste on a large scale. However, the application of MSWI fly ash as a precursor for alkali-activated cementitious materials presents a significant leaching risk of heavy metal during the extended reaction process, posing a critical barrier to the efficient and widespread utilization of these solid waste. Three static leaching methods [horizontal vibration (HV), sulphuric acid & nitric acid (SN), and acetic acid buffer solution (AAB)], along with acid neutralization capacity (ANC) leaching tests, were applied in BFS-fly ash-based cementitious materials (BFCM) to assess the leaching behavior of high-risk elements-Cr, Sb, and Pb-within MSWI fly ash. The A4 matrix (BFS: MSWI fly ash:FGDG = 70:20:10) exhibits a compressive strength of 72.51 MPa at 180 day, with the leaching concentrations of target elements remaining below the standard limit under chemical attack (H+ and OH-). The critical pH determined is 9.2 from the ANC leaching test results. Visual MINTEQ simulation illustrates the occurrence states of Cr, Sb, and Pb as (CrO4)2-, [Sb(OH)6]-, and Pb(OH)3- within the BFCM system, respectively. The "double salt effect", intended to enhance the dissociation degree of BFS, acts as the driving force behind the long-term hydration reaction. It also serves as an assurance in controlling the long-term leaching risk of object elements. The dissociation degree of BFS within A4 matrix increased by 38.71 %, with the relative content of the typical low-solubility double salt "Ettringite" reaching 29 % at 180 d. This study provides novel theoretical and data-driven evidence to investigate the leaching behavior associated with MSWI fly ash and the accomplishment of replacing cement clinker with low-carbon BFCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoxiang Teng
- CISRI Steel Industry Green and Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Center, China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Pingfeng Fu
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiajie Li
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wen Ni
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Valizadeh B, Abdoli MA, Dobaradaran S, Mahmoudkhani R, Asl YA. Risk control of heavy metal in waste incinerator ash by available solidification scenarios in cement production based on waste flow analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6252. [PMID: 38491026 PMCID: PMC10943089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Incineration is a common method in municipal solid waste management, which has several advantages such as reducing the volume of waste, but with concerns about exhaust gas and ash management. In this study, heavy metals in bottom ash, secondary furnace ash and fly ash of two waste incinerators in Tehran and Nowshahr were analyzed and its control in cement production was investigated. For this purpose, twelve monthly samples of three types of incinerator ash were analyzed. By combining the studied ashes in the raw materials, the quantity of metals in the cement was analyzed. Finally, by investigating four scenarios based on quantitative variations in the routes of municipal solid waste, ash quantity and the related risk caused by its heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the three ash samples of the studied incinerators was 19,513-23,972 µg/g and the composition of the metals included Hg (less than 0.01%), Pb (2.93%), Cd (0.59%), Cu (21.51%), Zn (58.7%), As (less than 0.01%), Cr (15.88%), and Ni (0.91%). The best quality of produced cement included 20% ash and 10% zeolite, which was the basis of the next calculations. It was estimated that the reduction of the release of metals into the environment includes 37 gr/day in best scenario equal to 10.6 tons/year. Ash solidification can be considered as a complementary solution in waste incinerator management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Valizadeh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdoli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Rouhalla Mahmoudkhani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Butkute K, Vaitkevicius V, Sinka M, Augonis A, Korjakins A. Influence of Carbonated Bottom Slag Granules in 3D Concrete Printing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114045. [PMID: 37297179 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the possibility of utilising bottom slag (BS) waste from landfills, and a carbonation process advantageous for the use of artificial aggregates (AAs) in printed three-dimensional (3D) concrete composites. In general, the main idea of granulated aggregates is to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions of printed 3D concrete objects (wall). AAs are made from construction materials, both granulated and carbonated. Granules are made from a combination of binder (ordinary Portland cement (OPC), hydrated lime, burnt shale ash (BSA)) and waste material (BS). BS is a waste material left over after the municipal waste burning process in cogeneration power plants. Whole printed 3D concrete composite manufacturing consists of: granulating artificial aggregate, aggregate hardening and sieving (adaptive granulometer), carbonation of AA, mixing 3D concrete, and 3D printing. The granulating and printing processes were analysed for hardening processes, strength results, workability parameters, and physical and mechanical properties. Printings with no granules (reference 3D printed concrete) were compared to 3D printed concretes with 25% and 50% of their natural aggregate replaced with carbonated AA. The results showed that, theoretically, the carbonation process could help to react approximately 126 kg/m3 CO2 from 1 m3 of granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Butkute
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vitoldas Vaitkevicius
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maris Sinka
- Institute of Materials and Structures, Riga Technical University, Kipsala Street 6A, LV1048, Riga, Latvia
| | - Algirdas Augonis
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandrs Korjakins
- Institute of Materials and Structures, Riga Technical University, Kipsala Street 6A, LV1048, Riga, Latvia
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Liu J, Zhang W, Jin H, Li Z, Liu G, Xing F, Tang L. Exploring the carbon capture and sequestration performance of biochar-artificial aggregate using a new method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160423. [PMID: 36427720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the ambitious goal of carbon neutrality, more carbon sequestration channels need to be developed. In this study, we tried to combine biochar with cold-bonded artificial lightweight coarse aggregate (ALCA) which is made from municipal solid household waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA).The strong carbon capture ability of biochar was used to attract external CO2 into the interior of ALCAs, which combined with CaO in MSWIBA to form CaCO3 to achieve the effect of chemical carbon sequestration. The total carbon sequestration and carbon sequestration rate of biochar-ALCAs were quantified by a self-designed CO2 concentration change test box, the physical and mechanical properties of biochar-ALCAs were investigated, as well as the changes before and after carbonization. The results showed that biochar and ALCAs had good synergistic carbon sequestration ability. The total carbon sequestration of biochar-ALCAs could reach 30.58-33.06 kg/ton. The carbon sequestration efficiency could reach 70.2 % and 84.9 % at 28 d/56 d in a low CO2 concentration environment (0.05 % VOL). In addition, the water absorption of biochar-ALCAs decreased by 4.3 %-13.9 %, the apparent density increased by 0.9 %-2.8 %, and the strength increased by 4.3 %-7.0 % after carbon sequestration, and the physical and mechanical properties were significantly improved. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the synergistic carbon sequestration of biochar in combination with ALCAs and to quantitatively assess its ability to solidify low concentrations of CO2 in the natural environment. A new test apparatus and test method were designed for this purpose. This paper may contribute for an important advance on the preparation of recyclable cement-type composites able to capture and solidify CO2 from the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Weizhuo Zhang
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Hesong Jin
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Guang Liu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Feng Xing
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Luping Tang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Building Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Liu J, Li Z, Zhang W, Jin H, Xing F, Chen C, Tang L, Wang Y. Valorization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) into cold-bonded aggregates (CBAs): Feasibility and influence of curing methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157004. [PMID: 35772534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) contains amounts of hazardous elements or composition, and its disposal to landfills may pose a serious threat to the ground water and soil. To reduce the environmental impact of MSWIBA, a novelty application into the utilization of MSWIBA for the manufacture of cold-bonded aggregates (CBAs) was investigated in this study. This study explored the impacts of curing systems on the comprehensive properties of CBAs. Furthermore, the hydrating phases of the designed CBAs were studied by X-ray diffractometer, and the micro characteristics of CBAs was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results show that CBAs produced from the MSWIBA had good properties with density of 1.75-1.98 g/cm3, moisture content of 0.78-16.48 %, water absorption of 3.99-14.02 % and compressive behavior of 1.6-4.8 MPa. Moreover, the heating water curing environment can significantly improve the comprehensive properties of CBAs. Specifically, the compressive strength of the CBAs under the 80 °C curing condition was increased by 74 %-113 %, and the water absorption rate was reduced by 3.4 %-8 %, compared with other curing regimes. Additionally, the XRD analysis showed that there are spinel phases in the CBAs compounds, which is beneficial to solidify the hazardous metals. Also, low-carbon CBAs also greatly reduce the amount of Cu and Pb leaching, which meets the limit requirements in the Chinese standards. Overall, application of MSWIBA as admixture in CBAs is an effective approach to recycle waste and replace natural aggregates. Meanwhile, this work can provide an insight for the production of eco-friendly LWAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Weizhuo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Hesong Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Feng Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Chaoyun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Luping Tang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Building Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanshuai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
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Thiyagarajan H, Ramaswamy A. Review of alternative ash aggregates in concrete-solution towards waste management and environmental protection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62870-62886. [PMID: 35829888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the depletion of natural resources, new alternative materials are emerging in construction industry. Especially, development of alternative binders and aggregates using industrial by-products paves way for the development of eco-friendly concrete. As aggregates occupy about 60-70% of the volume of concrete, new alternative materials developed as a substitute for aggregates are considered as need of the day for achieving sustainability in concrete industry. In the past few decades, many industrial by-products are researched as an alternative for natural aggregates. Ash being the largely produced by-products from different industries, it has huge potential in the development of artificial aggregates. Nevertheless, ashes produced from different sources such as coal, municipal solid waste and biomass have different characteristics and affect the properties of aggregates made out of them. The volume of research works reported on development of ash aggregates all over the globe shows that there is a faster growth rate in the development of alternative aggregates and its utilization in concrete. In this context, the current study aims to review the literature reported on mortar/concrete made of ash aggregates from various sources such as thermal power stations, biomass and municipal solid waste incinerator. The characteristics of different types of ash, development of aggregate and its properties in mortar/concrete are reviewed. Based on the review, future recommendations and directions are provided to utilize more of ash aggregates in the place of natural aggregates to prevent depletion of natural resources.
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The Effect of Pelletized Lime Kiln Dust Combined with Biomass Combustion Ash on Soil Properties and Plant Yield in a Three-Year Field Study. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extensive application of mineral fertilizers resulted in high soil acidity, which is one of the major problems for crop production and soil degradation. Industrial solid waste, such as lime kiln dust and wood ash, can be used as alternative liming materials to benefit sustainable agricultural development. In this work, pelletized lime kiln dust with and without wood ash was utilized as liming material and the results of the three-year field study were compared with conventional mineral-based liming materials. It was determined that pelletized lime kiln dust satisfies the requirements posed by the recent European Union regulations to qualify as liming materials. The application of 2000 kg/ha Ca equivalent pelletized lime kiln dust increased soil pHKCl by ~0.55 pH units. Moreover, pelletized lime kiln dust significantly increased spring wheat grain yields ranging from 33.6% to 40.4%, depending on the pellet size. The usage of these liming materials not only increased crop yield but also decreased heavy metal concentration in soil. Due to high alkalinity, carbonate content, easy handling, and the transportation of pelletized lime kiln dust with and without wood ash, the materials have the potential to be used in agriculture as liming materials to reduce soil acidification and increase crop productivity or be used as soil amendments.
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9
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Xing Z, Han F, Tian J, Xu Z, Wang J, Liu T, Zheng B, Huang J. Preparation and Characterization of the Functional Properties of Synthetic Aggregates from Silico-Manganese Slag. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237303. [PMID: 34885457 PMCID: PMC8658359 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large number of natural aggregates are used in the field of construction materials, resulting in the exhaustion of natural aggregates. Therefore, looking for an alternative will slow down the consumption of natural aggregates. The sintering method not only consumes a lot of energy to prepare aggregates but also produces a lot of pollutants. In this study, silico-manganese (SM) slag was dried, ground into powder, and used as raw material. Solid and liquid alkaline activator methods were used to prepare SM slag non-burning aggregate (SMNA) by the cold bonding method. The effects of grinding time, amounts of solid and liquid alkaline activators, curing temperature, and the amount of added fly ash on aggregate properties were investigated. The aggregate microstructure was characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR methods, and the toxic leaching analysis of aggregate was performed. The results showed that with a fixed amount of liquid activator (16.2% wt.) and solid activator (15% wt.) and fly ash (20% wt.), respectively, and curing was performed at room temperature, the aggregate properties were optimal: the bulk density of 1236.6-1476.9 kg/m3 and the water absorption lower than 4.9-5.5%. The apparent density was 1973.1-2281.6 kg/m3, and the bulk crushing strength was 24.7-27.9 MPa. The XRD, SEM, and FTIR results indicated that amorphous gel could be formed from SM under an alkaline activator, improving the aggregate strength. The results of toxic leaching showed that the aggregate prepared from SM exhibited environmentally friendly characteristics. The SMNA was obtained via the simple and low-energy consumption production process, paving the new way toward large-scale utilization of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Xing
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Fenglan Han
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
- International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Waste Recycling and Advanced Materials, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13895002585
| | - Jiuliang Tian
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhichao Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Tengteng Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiahe Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Z.X.); (J.T.); (Z.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (B.Z.); (J.H.)
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Fan Y, Yang Y, Niu B, Liu Z, Dan J, Wang J. Synthesis of sodium silicate using industrial by-products glauber's salt and microsilica: Effective reuse of the waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:359-367. [PMID: 34243095 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of by-products, including glauber's salt (GS) and microsilica (MS), are accumulated from chlor-alkali industry and ferrosilicon industry development, which not only wastes precious resources, but also causes serious environmental problems. In order to recycle and reuse these industrial by-products, solid sodium silicate was synthesized using GS and MS as the main raw materials, and semi-coke (SC) as the reducing agent. The effects of melting parameters including GS/SC and MS/GS molar ratio, heating rate, temperature, reaction time, and SC particle size on the conversion efficiency and modulus of solid sodium silicate were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the maximum conversion efficiency of 94.91% was obtained with modulus of 2.5. Characterization analysis of the products indicated that the amorphous silicate sodium was successfully synthesized. Moreover, the reaction mechanism was investigated, which focused on the thermal behavior and phase transformation using thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric (TG-DSC) and in-situ X-ray diffraction. Additionally, the causes and suppression measures of "glauber's salt water" (GSW) during the experiment were summarized. This work not only creates resource utilization of GS and MS, but also provides the foundation for the synthesis of sodium silicate with GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Baoping Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Tianneng Chemical Co., Ltd., Shihezi, PR China
| | - Jianming Dan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China.
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China.
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The Durability of Mortar Containing Alkali Activated Fly Ash-Based Lightweight Aggregate. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133741. [PMID: 34279312 PMCID: PMC8269861 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Beneficiating fly ash as valuable construction material such as artificial lightweight aggregate (LWA) could be an alternative solution to increase the utilization of the industrial by-product. However, generally, LWA is characterized by high porosity and a related high water absorption, which on the one hand allows production of lightweight mortar, but on the other hand can affect its performance. Thus, in this research, the durability performance of mortar composed with alkali-activated fly ash-based LWA, and commercial expanded clay (EC) LWA was investigated. The fly ash LWA was prepared in a pan granulator, with a 6-molar solution of NaOH mixed with Na2SiO3 in a Na2SiO3/NaOH weight ratio of 1.5 being used as activator (FA 6M LWA). The results revealed that mortar containing FA 6M LWA had equivalent mechanical strength with mortar containing EC LWA. The mortar containing FA 6M LWA had comparable capillary water uptake and chloride migration resistance with the reference and EC LWA mortar. Furthermore, the addition of FA 6M LWA was proven to enhance the carbonation resistance in the resulting mortar, due to the denser interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of mortar with LWA.
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12
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Properties of Alkali Activated Lightweight Aggregate Generated from Sidoarjo Volcanic Mud (Lusi), Fly Ash, and Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112528. [PMID: 32498382 PMCID: PMC7321484 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Production of artificial lightweight aggregate (LWA) from industrial by-products or abundant volcanic mud is a promising solution to prevent damaging the environment due to the mining of natural aggregate. However, improvements are still needed in order to control the high water absorption of LWA and strength reduction in resulting concrete or mortar. Hence in this research, fly ash, municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA), and Sidoarjo volcanic mud (Lusi) were employed as a precursor and activated using NaOH 6 M and Na2SiO3 in producing LWA. The influence of the type of the precursors on the physical properties of resulting LWA was investigated. The effect of replacing natural fine aggregate with the resulting LWA on the compressive strength and volume density of mortar was also determined. Finer particles, a high amount of amorphous phase, and low loss on ignition (LOI) of the raw material improved the properties of resulting LWA. Mortar compressive strength was decreased by 6% when replacing 16% by volume of natural fine aggregate with fly ash based LWA. Compared to the expanded clay LWA, the properties of alternative LWAs in this study were slightly, but not significantly, inferior. Alternative LWA becomes attractive when considering that expanded clay LWA requires more energy during the sintering process.
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Cristelo N, Segadães L, Coelho J, Chaves B, Sousa NR, de Lurdes Lopes M. Recycling municipal solid waste incineration slag and fly ash as precursors in low-range alkaline cements. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 104:60-73. [PMID: 31962218 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) products - fly ash (MSW-FA) and bottom ash (MSW-BA), is increasingly popular, mostly due to the need to reintroduce it in the industrial chain, but also because its technical performance is constantly enhanced by a growing research effort. This paper deals with the less popular application of these wastes without the addition of a more competent precursor. Several pastes based on MSW-FA, MSW-BA or MSW-FA+MSW-BA were prepared, using sodium silicate or sodium hydroxide. Their overall performance was then assessed through mechanical (uniaxial compressive strength - UCS and seismic wave velocity), environmental (leaching) and durability tests (freeze-thaw and wetting-drying). Cement stabilised MSW-BA pastes were also tested, for reference. Results showed that a preliminary mechanical activation, achieved by milling, is fundamental; the activation with silicate is more effective than with hydroxide, especially in the case of the MSW-BA pastes, when the UCS values are more than triplicated (3-10 MPa); the MSW-BA is a more competent precursor than the MSW-FA and the durability and leachability of the alkali activated pastes is similar to that obtained with cement. The most performing paste, in terms of UCS, was obtained with BA activated exclusively with sodium silicate, with an activator/precursor weight ratio of 0.5. In general, the low-cost solidification/stabilisation proposed in this study showed competitive with the alternative use of up to 30% cement and should be regarded as a valid alternative for simple storage or low-range applications, in substitution of Portland cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Cristelo
- CQ-VR, Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Luis Segadães
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - João Coelho
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Benedita Chaves
- LIPOR, Intermunicipal Waste Management of Greater Porto, 4435-996 Baguim do Monte, Portugal.
| | - Nadine R Sousa
- LIPOR, Intermunicipal Waste Management of Greater Porto, 4435-996 Baguim do Monte, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Lurdes Lopes
- CONSTRUCT, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Berber H, Tamm K, Leinus ML, Kuusik R, Tõnsuaadu K, Paaver P, Uibu M. Accelerated carbonation technology granulation of industrial waste: Effects of mixture composition on product properties. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:142-155. [PMID: 31755825 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19886646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of accelerated carbonation technology in combination with a granulation process was employed to produce aggregates from a variety of industrial wastes, which included municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and air pollution control residue, oil shale ash, cement kiln dust, and quarry fines that have been produced in Estonia. Focusing mainly on the effects produced by the content of municipal solid waste incineration ash in the admixtures, the granule compositions were varied in order to tailor granule properties on the basis of CO2 uptake, strength development, leaching behaviour, microstructure, and morphology. All the steps involved in the accelerated carbonation technology granulation process, from mixing with additives to granulation and carbonation treatment, were carried out in the same apparatus - an Eirich EL1 intensive mixer/granulator. The amount of CO2 that was bound ranged from 23 to 108 kg per tonne of waste. The granules that included the optimised mixture of municipal solid waste incineration air pollution control residue, oil shale ash, cement kiln dust, and ordinary Portland cement were characterised by the highest compressive strength (4.03 MPa) and water durability for the size range of 4-10 mm. In addition, the process was found to be effective in reducing alkalinity (pH < 11.5) and immobilising heavy metals (especially zinc) and chloride. The composition and properties of the respective waste materials and mechanisms associated with the characteristics of the resulting granules were also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Berber
- School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kadriann Tamm
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mari-Liis Leinus
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rein Kuusik
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kaia Tõnsuaadu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Mai Uibu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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15
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Jiang Y, Ling TC. Production of artificial aggregates from steel-making slag: Influences of accelerated carbonation during granulation and/or post-curing. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Tang P, Xuan D, Cheng HW, Poon CS, Tsang DCW. Use of CO 2 curing to enhance the properties of cold bonded lightweight aggregates (CBLAs) produced with concrete slurry waste (CSW) and fine incineration bottom ash (IBA). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:120951. [PMID: 31416042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, concrete slurry waste (CSW) obtained from ready-mixed concrete plants was recycled as a fresh cementitious binder and used together with municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fine bottom ash (IBA) from waste-to-energy plants to produce cold bonded lightweight aggregates (CBLAs) by using a pelletizing technique. The influence of different curing methods on the properties of the produced CBLAs were experimentally investigated, including moist curing, steam curing, and accelerated CO2 curing at 0.1 bar and flow-through CO2 curing under ambient pressure. The results showed that CBLAs obtained by steam curing at 60 °C had the highest pellet strength, and the CO2 cured samples had the lowest water absorption values. CO2 curing with a pressure of 0.1 bar promoted a better pellet strength. The CO2 curing method can sequestrate 3.5-4.1% (by mass of pellets) of CO2, which can serve as a sustainable CO2 sequestration process to produce CBLAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Dongxing Xuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hiu Wun Cheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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17
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Tang P, Xuan D, Poon CS, Tsang DCW. Valorization of concrete slurry waste (CSW) and fine incineration bottom ash (IBA) into cold bonded lightweight aggregates (CBLAs): Feasibility and influence of binder types. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:689-697. [PMID: 30738253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, concrete slurry waste (CSW) and fine incineration bottom ash (IBA) (<2.36 mm) were innovatively valorized to produce cold bonded lightweight aggregates (CBLAs) through a pelletizing method. The contribution of CSW to CBLAs as a fresh recycled cementitious paste was investigated and the influences of adding various binders (OPC, GGBS, lime, silica fume) on the properties of CBLAs were explored. Meanwhile, the leaching behaviours of the produced CBLAs were further assessed. The experimental results showed that CSW and IBA had a good compatibility to produce CBLAs by the pelletizing method. The use of fresh and workable CSW collected from ready-mixed concrete plants as a recycled cementitious paste could effectively bond the IBA particles. Due to the residual hydration behaviour of CSW, the produced CBLAs, even without additional binders, had good mechanical properties. The use of small percentages of cement and GGBS as additional binders could significantly increase the strength of CBLAs, while the use of lime and silica fume only showed slight improvement due to the high porosity induced. Moreover, it was found that using GGBS which could react with Ca(OH)2 in CSW to lower the pH benefited the immobilization of heavy metals in CBLAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Dongxing Xuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Coppola L, Bellezze T, Belli A, Bignozzi MC, Bolzoni F, Brenna A, Cabrini M, Candamano S, Cappai M, Caputo D, Carsana M, Casnedi L, Cioffi R, Cocco O, Coffetti D, Colangelo F, Coppola B, Corinaldesi V, Crea F, Crotti E, Daniele V, De Gisi S, Delogu F, Diamanti MV, Di Maio L, Di Mundo R, Di Palma L, Donnini J, Farina I, Ferone C, Frontera P, Gastaldi M, Giosuè C, Incarnato L, Liguori B, Lollini F, Lorenzi S, Manzi S, Marino O, Marroccoli M, Mascolo MC, Mavilia L, Mazzoli A, Medici F, Meloni P, Merlonetti G, Mobili A, Notarnicola M, Ormellese M, Pastore T, Pedeferri MP, Petrella A, Pia G, Redaelli E, Roviello G, Scarfato P, Scoccia G, Taglieri G, Telesca A, Tittarelli F, Todaro F, Vilardi G, Yang F. Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction - Part 2. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2018; 16:207-221. [PMID: 29991308 DOI: 10.1177/2280800018782852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper represents the "state of the art" on sustainability in construction materials. In Part 1 of the paper, issues related to production, microstructures, chemical nature, engineering properties, and durability of mixtures based on binders alternative to Portland cement were presented. This second part of the paper concerns the use of traditional and innovative Portland-free lime-based mortars in the conservation of cultural heritage, and the recycling and management of wastes to reduce consumption of natural resources in the production of construction materials. The latter is one of the main concerns in terms of sustainability since nowadays more than 75% of wastes are disposed of in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Coppola
- 1 Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bellezze
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto Belli
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria C Bignozzi
- 3 Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Bolzoni
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenna
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cabrini
- 1 Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Candamano
- 5 Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marta Cappai
- 6 Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Domenico Caputo
- 7 Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Carsana
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Casnedi
- 6 Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cioffi
- 8 Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Ombretta Cocco
- 6 Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Denny Coffetti
- 1 Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Bartolomeo Coppola
- 9 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Valeria Corinaldesi
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fortunato Crea
- 5 Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Elena Crotti
- 1 Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valeria Daniele
- 10 Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- 11 Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- 6 Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria V Diamanti
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Di Maio
- 9 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Mundo
- 11 Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Di Palma
- 12 Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Donnini
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Farina
- 8 Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferone
- 8 Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Frontera
- 13 Department of Civil Engineering, Energy, Environment and Materials, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Matteo Gastaldi
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giosuè
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Loredana Incarnato
- 9 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Barbara Liguori
- 7 Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Lollini
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Lorenzi
- 1 Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stefania Manzi
- 3 Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ottavio Marino
- 7 Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Milena Marroccoli
- 14 School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, Potenza and Matera, Italy
| | - Maria C Mascolo
- 15 Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Letterio Mavilia
- 16 Department of Heritage, Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio di Calabria, Italy
| | - Alida Mazzoli
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Franco Medici
- 12 Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Meloni
- 6 Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Glauco Merlonetti
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mobili
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- 11 Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Ormellese
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pastore
- 1 Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pedeferri
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Petrella
- 11 Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pia
- 6 Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Redaelli
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Scarfato
- 9 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Scoccia
- 10 Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuliana Taglieri
- 10 Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Telesca
- 14 School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, Potenza and Matera, Italy
| | - Francesca Tittarelli
- 2 Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Todaro
- 11 Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vilardi
- 12 Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fan Yang
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Jmal H, Bahlouli N, Wagner-Kocher C, Leray D, Ruch F, Munsch JN, Nardin M. Influence of the grade on the variability of the mechanical properties of polypropylene waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 75:160-173. [PMID: 29463419 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prior properties of recycled polypropylene depend on the origin of waste deposits and its chemical constituents. To obtain specific properties with a predefine melt flow index of polypropylene, the suppliers of polymer introduce additives and fillers. However, the addition of additives and/or fillers can modify strongly the mechanical behaviour of recycled polypropylene. To understand the impact of the additives and fillers on the quasi-static mechanical behaviour, we consider, in this study, three different recycled polypropylenes with three different melt flow index obtained from different waste deposits. The chemical constituents of the additives and filler contents of the recycled polypropylenes are determined through thermo-physico-chemical analysis. Tensile and bending tests performed at different strain rates allow identifying the mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus, the yield stress, the maximum stress, and the failure mechanisms. The results obtained are compared with non-recycled polypropylene and with few researches to explain the combined effect of additives. Finally, a post-mortem analysis of the samples was carried out to make the link between the obtained mechanical properties and microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Jmal
- ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 2-4 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nadia Bahlouli
- ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 2-4 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christiane Wagner-Kocher
- LPMT - ENSISA, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, 11 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France; LMGC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Dimitri Leray
- Cetim-Cermat, 21 Rue de Chemnitz, 68200 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Frédéric Ruch
- Cetim-Cermat, 21 Rue de Chemnitz, 68200 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Jean-Nicolas Munsch
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR 7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Michel Nardin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR 7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France.
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