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Yu H, Li J, Qu W, Wang W, Wang J. High-efficiency removal of As(iii) from groundwater using siderite as the iron source in the electrocoagulation process. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19206-19218. [PMID: 38882474 PMCID: PMC11178034 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02716g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrocoagulation technology, due to its simplicity and ease of operation, is often considered for treating arsenic-contaminated groundwater. However, challenges such as anode wear have hindered its development and application. This study aims to develop a siderite-filled anode electrocoagulation system for efficient removal of As(iii) and investigate its effectiveness. The impact of operational parameters on the removal rate of As(iii) was analyzed through single-factor tests, and the stability and superiority of the device were evaluated. The response surface methodology was employed to analyze the interactions between various factors and determine the optimal operational parameters by integrating data from these tests. Under conditions where the removal rate of As reached 99.3 ± 0.37%, with an initial concentration of As(iii) at 400 μg L-1, current intensity at 30 mA, initial solution pH value at 7, and Na2SO4 concentration at 10 mM. The flocculant used was subjected to characterization analysis to examine its structure, morphology, and elemental composition under these optimal operational parameters. The oxidation pathway for As(iii) within this system relies on integrated results from direct electrolysis as well as ˙O2 -, ˙OH, and Fe(iv) mediated oxidation processes. The elimination of arsenic encompasses two fundamental mechanisms: firstly, the direct adsorption of As(iii) by highly adsorbent flocculants like γ-FeOOH and magnetite (Fe3O4); secondly, the oxidation of As(iii) into As(v), followed by its reaction with siderite or other compounds to generate a dual coordination complex or iron arsenate, thus expediting its eradication. The anodic electrocoagulation system employing siderite as a filler exhibits remarkable efficiency and cost-effectiveness, while ensuring exceptional stability, thereby providing robust theoretical underpinnings for the application of electrocoagulation technology in arsenic removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Wenying Qu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China
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2
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Pang Z, Zhou H, Yang S, Wang Y, Xue Y, Feng S. Enhanced surfactant remediation of diesel-contaminated soil using O 3 nanobubbles. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141917. [PMID: 38588900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Currently, nanobubbles are widely discussed in environmental research due to their unique properties, including significant specific surface area, transfer efficiency, and free radical generation. In this study, O2 and O3 nanobubbles (diameters ranging from 0 to 500 nm) were combined with conventional surfactant technology to investigate their enhanced efficacy in removing diesel contaminants from soil. The impact of various factors such as surfactant concentration, temperature, and soil aging duration on pollutant removal rates was examined across different experimental approaches (stirring/flushing). Soil samples subjected to different treatments were characterized using TG-DTG and FTIR analysis, while GC/MS was employed to assess the degradation products of diesel constituents in the soil. The results indicated that the elution efficiencies of the three surfactants (SDS, SDBS, and TX-100) for diesel in soil correlated positively with concentration (0.3-1.4 CMC) and temperature (18-60 °C), and inversely with aging time (10-300 days), with the elution capacity was SDS > SDBS > TX-100. Mechanical stirring (500 rpm) and temperature variations (18-60 °C) did not affect the stability of the nanobubbles. Upon the introduction of O3 nanobubbles to the surfactant solution, there was a consistent increase in both the removal (degraded and removed) efficiency and rate of diesel under varying experimental conditions, resulting in an enhancement of removal rates by approximately 8-15%. FTIR spectroscopy showed that surfactants containing O3 nanobubbles mitigated the impact on the primary functional groups of soil organic matter. GC/MS analyses indicated that residual pollutants were predominantly alkanes, with degradation difficulty ranking as: alkanes < alkenes < cycloalkanes < aromatic compounds. TG-DTG coupled with GC/MS analysis demonstrated that O3 nanobubbles contributed to a reduction in surfactant residues. This study significantly advances our understanding of how nanobubbles facilitate and optimize surfactant-assisted remediation of contaminated soil, thereby advancing the precise application of nanobubble technology in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Pang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Songnan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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Ahmed Z, Yusoff MS, Kamal NHM, Aziz HA. Humic acid recovery from stabilized leachate: Characterization and interference with chemical oxygen demand-colour removal. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1584-1593. [PMID: 37154233 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231160687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous combinations of organic compounds (humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid) are the prime factor for the high concentration of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in semi-aerobic stabilized landfill leachate. These organics are less biodegradable and cause a severe threat to environmental elements. Microfiltration and centrifugation processes were applied in this study to investigate the HA removal from stabilized leachate samples and its corresponding interference with COD and colour. The three-stage extraction process recovered a maximum of 1412 ± 2.5 mg/L (Pulau Burung landfill site (PBLS) leachate), 1510 ± 1.5 mg/L (Alor Pongsu landfill site (APLS leachate) at pH 1.5 and 1371 ± 2.5 mg/L (PBLS) and 1451 ± 1.5 mg/L (APLS) of HA (about 42% of the total COD concentration) at pH 2.5, which eventually indicates the process efficiency. Comparative characteristics analysis of recovered HA by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared significantly indicate the existence of identical elements in the recovered HA compared with the previous studies. The higher reduction (around 37%) in ultraviolet (UV) absorbance values (UV254 and UV280) in the final effluent indicates the elimination of aromaticity and conjugated double-bond compounds from leachate. Moreover, 36 and 39% COD and 39 and 44% colour removal exhibit substantial interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaber Ahmed
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Suffian Yusoff
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hamidi Abdul Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Zhang Q, Tan S, Zhang Z, Yuan C, Lou Z, Liu W. Treatment of Landfill Leachate Reverse Osmosis Concentrates by Advanced Oxidation-Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification Combination process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88627-88640. [PMID: 37440142 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a multistage treatment system for highly toxic wastewater named reverse osmosis concentrates of landfill leachate. Therefore, a combination of the ammonia stripping process (ASP), catalytic ozone oxidation process (COP), and heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification process (HNADP) was proposed and the quality of effluent was evaluated for the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen (TN). ASP had moderate removal efficiency of NH4+-N, and TN in the effluent. COP was catalyzed by cerium-supported-activated carbon achieved good performance in disposal of COD. The effluent of HNADP had the most significant removal efficiency of COD, NH4+-N, and TN. As a result, the effluent of combined process successfully met the discharge standards for NH4+-N and TN according to Table 1 of GB 16889-2008 in China. To investigate the microbial mechanism of pollutant removal in HNADP, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed and the results suggested that the relative abundance and diversity of microorganisms fluctuated with the changes of COD/TN ratio in HNADP. Truepera and Halomonas were identified as the key genera involved in the simultaneous degradation of COD and nitrogen-containing pollutants, the functional genes (hao, amoA, nirS, and nirK) were predicted in nitrification and denitrification process. Overall, this study demonstrates a feasible multistage system for treatment of concentrates and propose that further explorations of combined techniques may lead to even more satisfactory removal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 40054, China.
| | - Senwen Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 40054, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 40054, China
| | - Chunbo Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 40054, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Chongqing Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
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5
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Wang J, Yuan S, Dai X, Dong B. Application, mechanism and prospects of Fe-based/ Fe-biochar catalysts in heterogenous ozonation process: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138018. [PMID: 36731663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of novel organic contaminants have escalated the demands and challenges for water treatment technology. Advanced oxidation processes based on ozone have the advantage of strong oxidative capacity and higher efficiency, which have promising application prospects in the treatment of refractory organic contaminants. Biochar has attracted a lot of interest in recent years in wastewater treatment owing to its porous structure, portable preparation and outstanding stability. Moreover, iron species are widely used in catalytic ozonation owing to their magnetic polarization, vast abundance and low price. Despite a plethora of research on Fe-based catalysts in ozonation process, the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation with Fe-loaded biochar lacks a comprehensive compendium. This review intends to introduce the research progress on Fe-based catalysts and Fe-loaded biochar in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation progress, summarize and further explore the mechanisms and detection techniques of various active components in catalytic ozonation, as well as providing fresh insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, PR China; Shanghai Investigation Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200335, PR China.
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6
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Ma C, Ma P, He Z, Mi X. A Combined Catalytic Ozonation-MBR Approach to Remove Contaminants from the Mature Landfill Leachate in the Yellow River Basin. TOXICS 2022; 10:505. [PMID: 36136471 PMCID: PMC9505368 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mature landfill leachate (MLL) is characterized by a large number of fulvic acids and humic acids, which is refractory organic matter and can be cleaned by ozone oxidation. However, the poor property of mass transfer prohibits the widespread use of ozone oxidation in actual leachate treatment. Meanwhile, some combined processes are adopted to treat the mature landfill leachate, which places catalytic ozonation before the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process to enhance the biodegradability of MLL. Thus, this research is conducted to investigate the practicability of applying nano-Fe3O4 loaded cow-dung ash (Fe3O4@CDA) and biological post-treatment with MBR for the effective removal of pollutants from MLL and puts forward the variation of organics in leachate between catalytic ozonation and MBR. The addition of catalytic ozonation not only improved the removal of hazardous organics but also enhanced the biodegradability of the leachate and favored the subsequent MBR process. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the catalytic ozonation step was optimized, and 53% removal was obtained at pH = 7, catalyst dosage = 1.0 g/L, and O3 dosage = 3.0 g/L. After the MBR process, COD in effluent stabilized in the range of 57.85-65.38 mg/L, and the variation range of the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration was 5.98-10.24 mg/L. The catalytic ozonation-MBR integrated process showed strong feasibility in dealing with the biologically pre-treated leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panfeng Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhengguang He
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao Mi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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7
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Zhang J, Li J, Ma C, Yi L, Gu T, Wang J. High-efficiency and energy-saving alternating pulse current electrocoagulation to remove polyvinyl alcohol in wastewater. RSC Adv 2021; 11:40085-40099. [PMID: 35494124 PMCID: PMC9044541 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08093h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional direct current electrocoagulation (DC-EC) has disadvantages such as easy passivation of electrodes, high energy consumption, and large sludge production, which limit its use in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) wastewater. Therefore, alternating pulse current electrocoagulation (APC-EC) has been developed to overcome these problems. In this study, the influencing factors and energy consumption of PVA treatment by APC-EC and DC-EC were explored, and the best operating conditions of APC-EC were obtained via the response surface method (RSM). The best process conditions for APC-EC were determined to be the electrode type of Fe/Fe, current density of 1.0 mA cm−2, initial pH of 7, electrode distance of 2.0 cm, supporting electrolyte of 0.08 mol L−1 NaCl, initial PVA concentration of 150 mg L−1, duty cycle of 30%, and frequency of 500 Hz. In addition, the floc properties of APC-EC and DC-EC were compared to explore the basic mechanism for the removal of PVA. Adsorption and co-precipitation with hydroxide iron complexes are the main methods for removing PVA from wastewater in the APC-EC process. Compared with DC-EC, the application of APC-EC can reduce electrode passivation and production of sludge and operating costs, and improve electrode stability and PVA removal efficiency. This study provides a new strategy and method for the PVA removal from wastewater by APC-EC with low cost and high efficiency, showing broad prospect for the applications of the APC-EC in removing PVA. Compared with DC-EC, the application of APC-EC can reduce electrode passivation and production of sludge and operating costs, and improve electrode stability and PVA removal efficiency.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiepei Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China +86-993-2055060 +86-152-9992-1362
| | - Junfeng Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China +86-993-2055060 +86-152-9992-1362
| | - Chengxiao Ma
- School of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China +86-993-2055060 +86-152-9992-1362
| | - Lijuan Yi
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Xinjiang 832003 PR China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Xinjiang 832003 PR China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China +86-993-2055060 +86-152-9992-1362
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8
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Kermani M, Shahsavani A, Ghaderi P, Kasaee P, Mehralipour J. Optimization of UV-Electroproxone procedure for treatment of landfill leachate: the study of energy consumption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:81-93. [PMID: 34150220 PMCID: PMC8172731 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
With increased population, treatment of solid waste landfill and its leachate is of major concern. Municipal landfill leachate shows variable, heterogeneous and incontrollable characteristics and contains wide range highly concentrated organic and inorganic compounds, in which hampers the application of a solo method in its treatment. Among different approaches, biological treatment can be used, however it is not effective enough to elimination all refractory organics, containing fulvic-like and humic-like substance. In this experimental study, the UV Electroperoxone process as a hybrid procedure has been employed to treat landfill leachate. The effect of various parameters such as pH, electrical current density, ozone concentration, and reaction time were optimized using central composite design (CCD). In the model fitting, the quadratic model with a P-Value less than 0.5 was suggested (< 0.0001). The R2, R2 adj, and R2 pre were determined equal to 0.98,0.96, and 0.91 respectively. Based on the software prediction, the process can remove 83% of initial COD, in the optimum condition of pH = 5.6, ozone concentration of 29.1 mg/l. min, the current density of 74.7 mA/cm2, and process time of 98.6 min. In the optimum condition, 55/33 mM H2O2 was generated through electrochemical mechanism. A combination of ozonation, photolysis and electrolysis mechanism in this hybrid process increases COD efficiency removal up 29 percent which is higher than the sum of separated mechanisms. Kinetic study also demonstrated that the UV-EPP process follows pseudo-first order kinetics (R2 = 0.99). Based on our results, the UV-EPP process can be informed as an operative technique for treatment of old landfills leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Ghaderi
- Master of Environment Engineering Water and Wastewater, West Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Kasaee
- Master of Civil Engineering, Azad University of Tehran West Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Mehralipour
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen W, Gu Z, Ran G, Li Q. Application of membrane separation technology in the treatment of leachate in China: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 121:127-140. [PMID: 33360812 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To comprehensively investigate the application of membrane separation technology in the treatment of landfill leachate in China, the performance of nearly 200 waste management enterprises of different sizes in China were analyzed, with an emphasis on their scale, regional features, processes, and economic characteristics. It was found that membrane separation technologies, mainly nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), and NF + RO, have been used in China since 2004. The treatment capacity of the two most dominant membrane separation technologies, i.e., NF and RO, were both almost 60,000 m3/d in 2018, and both technologies are widely used in landfills and incineration plants. Their distribution is mainly concentrated in eastern and southwestern China, where the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is relatively high and the economy is developing rapidly. Membrane separation technology is the preferred technique for the advanced treatment of leachate because more contaminants can be effectively removed by the technology than by other advanced processes. However, the membrane retentate that is produced using this technology-commonly known as leachate concentrate-is heavily contaminated due to the enrichment of almost all the inorganic anions, heavy metals, and organic matter that remain after bioprocessing. An economic cost analysis revealed that the operating cost of membrane separation technology has stabilized and is between 1.77 USD/m3 and 4.90 USD/m3; electricity consumption is the most expensive cost component. This review describes the current problems with the use of membrane separation technology and recommends strategies and solutions for its future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhepei Gu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Gang Ran
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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10
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Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalytic Degradation of Practical Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Modified Attapulgite Supported Multi-Metal Oxides. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemical synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater has characteristics of high concentration, high toxicity and poor biodegradability, so it is difficult to directly biodegrade. We used acid modified attapulgite (ATP) supported Fe-Mn-Cu polymetallic oxide as catalyst for multi-phase Fenton-like ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation (photo-Fenton) treatment with actual chemical synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater as the treatment object. The results showed that at the initial pH of 2.0, light distance of 20 cm, and catalyst dosage and hydrogen peroxide concentration of 10.0 g/L and 0.5 mol/L respectively, the COD removal rate of wastewater reached 65% and BOD5/COD increased to 0.387 when the reaction lasted for 180 min. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated that Fenton-like reaction with Fe-Mn-Cu@ATP had good catalytic potential and significant synergistic effect, and could remove almost all heterocycle compounds well. 3D-EEM (3D electron microscope) fluorescence spectra showed that the fluorescence intensity decreased significantly during catalytic degradation, and the UV humus-like and fulvic acid were effectively removed. The degradation efficiency of the nanocomposite only decreased by 5.8% after repeated use for 6 cycles. It seems appropriate to use this process as a pre-treatment for actual pharmaceutical wastewater to facilitate further biological treatment.
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11
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Chen W, Zhuo X, He C, Shi Q, Li Q. Molecular investigation into the transformation of dissolved organic matter in mature landfill leachate during treatment in a combined membrane bioreactor-reverse osmosis process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:122759. [PMID: 32361244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of a combined membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) process for treating leachate produced by a large-scale anaerobic landfill. The MBR process had limited treatment efficiency for removing organic pollutants, but when combined with RO, the integrated system completely removed macromolecular compounds (i.e., humic- and fulvic-like substances) and produced effluent that satisfied the applicable discharge standard. The landfill leachate contained many types of DOM that had high molecular weight and were highly unsaturated. Although the MBR process removed some DOM that had a relatively low saturated degree (mainly aliphatic compounds (2.0 ≥ H/C ≥ 1.5) with relatively high bioavailability), many bio-refractory compounds were not removed. The RO system greatly reduced the content of residual DOM in MBR effluent and was effective for removing heteroatom DOM, especially polycyclic aromatics (AI > 0.66) and polyphenols (0.66 ≥ AI > 0.50). The effluent from the combined process of MBR and RO treatment mainly contained a small number of aliphatic compounds and phenolic compounds (AI ≤ 0.50 and H/C < 1.5) that had higher bioavailability than DOM in the raw leachate and posed little environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xiaocun Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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12
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Tang X, Li Z, Liu K, Luo X, He D, Ao M, Peng Q. Sulfidation modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles as an efficient Fenton-like catalyst for azo dyes degradation at wide pH range. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ma C, Jia S, Yuan P, He Z. Catalytic ozonation of 2, 2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) over nano-Fe 3O 4@cow dung ash composites: Optimization, toxicity, and degradation mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114597. [PMID: 32806439 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Composite magnetic oxide at cow dung ash, nano-Fe3O4@cow dung ash (nano-Fe3O4@CDA), was used as catalytic material for the degradation of 2, 2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (AO 2246) in real biologically pretreated landfill leachate. The Fe3O4@CDA composite exhibited catalytic ozonation activity and allowed material separation and magnetic recovery. The effects of several operating parameters including O3 concentration, catalyst dosage, temperature and scavengers were evaluated in parallel. Over 70% of AO 2246 were removed by the nano-Fe3O4@CDA/O3 system under optimum conditions within 120min reaction time. The EPR, GC-MS and free-radical quenching experiments expatiated the mechanism of this degradation process. It was confirmed that the AO 2246 was degraded efficiently in this catalytic micro-ozonation process, Additionally, GC-MS analysis state clearly that the 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol, 4-(1,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one, ethanone, 1-(1,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, 5-tert-butyl-6-3, 5-diene-2-one, 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 2-propenoic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester and propanoic acid, 2, 2-dimethyl- were the dominant oxidation products (OPs) during the degradation of the AO 2246. The EPR results showed that the catalytic ozonation over Fe3O4@CDA led to produce more hydroxyl radicals, which were in favor of AO 2246 degradation. The toxicity evolution was also performed through a QSAR analysis calculated by the ECOSAR program which further demonstrated the different responses toward the AO 2246 and its OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shengyong Jia
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhengguang He
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Hou S, Jia S, Jia J, He Z, Li G, Zuo Q, Zhuang H. Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles loading on cow dung based activated carbon as an efficient catalyst for catalytic microbubble ozonation of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 267:110615. [PMID: 32364131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cow dung based activated carbon was successfully modified by Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the novel catalyst (Fe3O4 nanoparticles@CDAC) to improve the microbubble ozonation treating biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater (BPCGW). When the pH, ozone dosage, ozone bubble diameter and catalyst dosage of the ozonation were 7, 0.4 L/min, 5 μm and 3 g/L, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached 74% and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand in five days/COD (BOD5/COD) increased from 0.04 to 0.52, which were attributed to the electron transfer of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in Fe3O4 and enhanced hydroxyl radicals generation by the reaction of iron ions and ozone. Meanwhile, benzene derivatives, naphthalene and aromatic proteins were significantly removed while multiple chain hydrocarbons and their derivatives composed the main residual organic matters. The catalytic activity was slightly decreased even the catalyst has been reused for five times. Therefore, catalytic microbubble ozonation using Fe3O4 nanoparticles@CDAC represented excellent performance treating BPCGW and it is a promising process for wastewater advanced treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shengyong Jia
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jinjin Jia
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhengguang He
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guirong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiting Zuo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haifeng Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
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Chen W, Li Q. Elimination of UV-quenching substances from MBR- and SAARB-treated mature landfill leachates in an ozonation process: A comparative study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125256. [PMID: 31704524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-quenching substances (UVQS), recently identified pollutants in landfill leachate, can interfere with ultraviolet disinfection when landfill leachate is co-treated with municipal sewage. This study investigated the elimination of UVQS in mature landfill leachates through a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter (SAARB). Humus (i.e., fulvic and humic acids) was the main component of organic matter in both MBR- and SAARB-treated landfill leachates, while there was a more stable chemical structure of humus in the MBR-treated leachate. The concentration of UVQS in MBR-treated mature landfill leachate was higher than that of SAARB-treated leachate. Ozonation can degrade UVQS effectively, especially for landfill leachate containing a high concentration UVQS (i.e., MBR-treated landfill leachate). However, a large accumulation of small molecule acid might be caused by ozonation for highly concentrated UVQS in landfill leachate, leading to the delayed degradation of total organic carbon. Moreover, ozonation degraded both fulvic acid and humic acid; and degraded humic acid more effectively. For instance, 88.0% removal (MBR-CP2) and 96.0% removal (SAARB-CP2) of humic acid was higher than those (83.3% for MBR-CP1 and 92.3% for SAARB-CP1) of fulvic acid. The destruction of UV-quenching functional groups of organics (such as CC) by ozone was the main UVQS degradation mechanism of ozonation applied to MBR- and SAARB-treated landfill leachates. Therefore, the ozonation process can efficiently decrease UV absorption intensity in both MBR- and SAARB-treated landfill leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
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