1
|
Detho A, Kadir AA, Rassem HH. Isotherm-kinetic equilibrium investigations on absorption remediation potential for COD and ammoniacal nitrogen from leachate by the utilization of paper waste sludge as an eco-friendly composite filler. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10599. [PMID: 38719896 PMCID: PMC11079056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The paper industry is a major environmental polluter due to paper waste sludge (PWS), often disposed of in hazardous ways. The techniques are employed to disposing of PWS are posing significant environmental hazards and risks to well-being. This study aims to evaluate PWS as a potential replacement for commercial adsorbents like AC and ZEO in treating stabilized leachate. Contact angle analysis of PWS was 92.60°, reveals that PWS to be hydrophobic. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted with parameters set at 200 rpm stirring speed, 120 min contact time, and pH 7. Optimal conditions for COD and NH3-N removal were identified at 120 min contact time, 200 rpm stirring speed, pH 7, and 2.0 g PWS ratio. Removal percentages for COD and NH3-N were 62% and 52%, respectively. Based on the results of the isotherm and kinetic studies, it was observed that the Langmuir and Pseudo second order (PSO) model exhibited greater suitability compared to the Freundlich and Pseudo first order (PFO) model, as indicated by higher values of R-squared (R2). The R-squared of Langmuir for COD and NH3-N were 0.9949 and 0.9919 and for Freundlich model were 0.9855 and 0.9828 respectively. Whereas the R-squared of PFO for COD and NH3-N were 0.9875 and 0.8883 and for PSO were 0.9987 and 0.9909 respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Detho
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Aeslina Abdul Kadir
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed Z, Yusoff MS, Kamal NHM, Aziz HA. Humic acid recovery from stabilized leachate: Characterization and interference with chemical oxygen demand-colour removal. Waste Manag Res 2023; 41:1584-1593. [PMID: 37154233 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231160687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous combinations of organic compounds (humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid) are the prime factor for the high concentration of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in semi-aerobic stabilized landfill leachate. These organics are less biodegradable and cause a severe threat to environmental elements. Microfiltration and centrifugation processes were applied in this study to investigate the HA removal from stabilized leachate samples and its corresponding interference with COD and colour. The three-stage extraction process recovered a maximum of 1412 ± 2.5 mg/L (Pulau Burung landfill site (PBLS) leachate), 1510 ± 1.5 mg/L (Alor Pongsu landfill site (APLS leachate) at pH 1.5 and 1371 ± 2.5 mg/L (PBLS) and 1451 ± 1.5 mg/L (APLS) of HA (about 42% of the total COD concentration) at pH 2.5, which eventually indicates the process efficiency. Comparative characteristics analysis of recovered HA by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared significantly indicate the existence of identical elements in the recovered HA compared with the previous studies. The higher reduction (around 37%) in ultraviolet (UV) absorbance values (UV254 and UV280) in the final effluent indicates the elimination of aromaticity and conjugated double-bond compounds from leachate. Moreover, 36 and 39% COD and 39 and 44% colour removal exhibit substantial interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaber Ahmed
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Suffian Yusoff
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hamidi Abdul Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jegadeesan C, Somanathan A, Jeyakumar RB. Sanitary landfill leachate treatment by aerated electrochemical Fenton process. J Environ Manage 2023; 337:117698. [PMID: 36963179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aerated electrochemical Fenton procedure was investigated as a viable treatment approach for electrolytic degradation and decolourization of sanitary landfill leachate. The optimization effects of initial pH, applied voltage, H2O2 concentration and combination of iron electrodes on detoxification were demonstrated by COD and colour removal from stabilized leachate, respectively. The study illustrates that, under the optimum experimental parameters voltage of 4.5 V, electrolysis time of 90 min, H2O2 dosage of 5 g/L, pH 3, 99% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 100% colour are removed from stabilized leachate, and the biodegradability ratio of the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to COD increases from 0.1 to 0.72. In addition, the pure catalytic metallic iron anode and cathode electrode used in the electrochemical Fenton process was first electro-oxidized to Fe2+ for use during the Fenton reaction, then with Fe3+ that was reverted back to Fe2+ under the applied electrochemical-magnetic field, resulting in the iron dissolution and regeneration circuit (Fe2+/Fe3+/Fe2+). Additionally, Fe2+/Fe3+ served as bridges for agglomerates to coalesce into big, closely packed particles for better filterability and sedimentation action. As a preparatory step for the biochemical treatment, this technology has been effectively used to treat stabilized landfill leachate containing toxic refractory recalcitrant organics on a large scale. Additionally, by estimating the scientific experiment with a regression model approach for the outcomes, RSM software was employed in order to standardize the ECF treatment process, significantly reducing the number of test cases and trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiarani Jegadeesan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627007, India.
| | - Adishkumar Somanathan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, 627007, India.
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, 610005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Galvão RB, da Silva Moretti AA, Fernandes F, Kuroda EK. Post-treatment of stabilized landfill leachate by upflow gravel filtration and granular activated carbon adsorption. Environ Technol 2021; 42:4179-4188. [PMID: 32202477 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1746838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stabilized leachates from sanitary landfills generally display high levels of recalcitrant organic matter, sometimes requiring a combination of biological and physicochemical treatment processes. This study evaluated the post-treatment by Upflow Gravel Filtration (UGF) followed by Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption (GACA) on a pilot scale of two different landfill leachates previously treated by biological processes. The system design was proven technically feasible for a continuous flow post-treatment in relation to recalcitrant organic matter removal efficiency. The UGF experiments presented 83.9% and 82.0% COD removals for leachates A and B, respectively, with residual values of 107 and 194 mg L-1. The UGF-GACA experiments, in turn, produced effluents with residual COD values of 67 and <60 mg L-1 for leachates A and B, respectively, corresponding to 89.9% and >94.6% efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Borelli Galvão
- Departamento de Construção Civil, Centro de Tecnologia e Urbanismo, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Fernandes
- Departamento de Construção Civil, Centro de Tecnologia e Urbanismo, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Emília Kiyomi Kuroda
- Departamento de Construção Civil, Centro de Tecnologia e Urbanismo, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martínez-Cruz A, Rojas Valencia MN, Araiza-Aguilar JA, Nájera-Aguilar HA, Gutiérrez-Hernández RF. Leachate treatment: comparison of a bio-coagulant ( Opuntia ficus mucilage) and conventional coagulants using multi-criteria decision analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07510. [PMID: 34337175 PMCID: PMC8318867 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this research was to compare a bio-coagulant, organic coagulant, and a conventional coagulant applied to the treatment of leachates. Coagulant options were Stage 1 FeCl3, Stage 2 Polyamine, and Stage 3 Opuntia ficus mucilage (OFM). Optimal conditions for maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were determined by experimental data and Response Surface Methodology. The application of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis using Multi-Criteria Matrix (MCM) was explored by evaluating the Coagulation–Flocculation processes. Maximum COD removal (%) and the best MCM scores (on a scale from 0 to 100) were: Stage 1: 69.2±0.9 and 48.50, Stage 2: 37.8±1.1 and 79.0, and Stage 3: 71.1±1.7, and 81.5. Maximum COD removal using FeCl3 and OFM was not statistically different (p 0.15 < 0.05). OFM extraction process was evaluated (yield 0.70 ± 1.17%, carbohydrate content 32.6 ± 1.18%). MCM allows the evaluation of additional technical aspects, besides oxygen COD removal, as well as economic aspects, permitting a more comprehensive analysis. Significant COD removals indicate that the use of OFM as a coagulant in the treatment of stabilized leachate was effective. Opuntia ficus cladodes, a residue, were used to treat another residue (leachates).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Martínez-Cruz
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Institute of Engineering, External Circuit, University City, Mayoralty Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Neftalí Rojas Valencia
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Institute of Engineering, External Circuit, University City, Mayoralty Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Araiza-Aguilar
- University of Science and Arts of Chiapas, School of Environmental Engineering, North beltway 1150, Lajas Maciel, 29039, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Hugo A Nájera-Aguilar
- University of Science and Arts of Chiapas, School of Environmental Engineering, North beltway 1150, Lajas Maciel, 29039, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Rubén F Gutiérrez-Hernández
- National Technology of Mexico, Technological Institute of Tapachula, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Km 2, Highway to Puerto Madero, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hashisho J, El-Fadel M, Al-Hindi M, Salam D, Alameddine I. Hollow fiber vs. flat sheet MBR for the treatment of high strength stabilized landfill leachate. Waste Manag 2016; 55:249-56. [PMID: 26775757 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology is increasingly becoming a prominent process in the treatment of high-strength wastewater such as leachate resulting from the decomposition of waste in landfills. This study presents a performance comparative assessment of flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes in bioreactors for the treatment of relatively stable landfill leachate with the objective of defining guidelines for pilot/full scale plants. For this purpose, a laboratory scale MBR system was constructed and operated to treat a leachate with Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (3900-7800mg/L), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) (∼440-1537mg/L), Total Phosphorus (TP) (∼10-59mg/L), Phosphate (PO4(3)(-)) (5-58mg/L), Total Nitrogen (TN) (1500-5200mg/L), and ammonium (NH4(+)) (1770-4410mg/L). Both membranes achieved comparable BOD (92.2% vs. 93.2%) and TP (79.4% vs. 78.5%) removals. Higher PO4(3)(-) removal efficiency or percentage (87.3% vs. 81.3%) and slightly higher, but not statistically significant, COD removal efficiency were obtained with the hollow fiber membrane (71.4% vs. 68.5%). On the other hand, the flat sheet membrane achieved significantly higher TN and NH4(+) removal efficiencies (61.2% vs. 49.4% and 63.4% vs. 47.8%, respectively), which may be attributed to the less frequent addition of NaOCl compared to the hollow fiber system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hashisho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M El-Fadel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - M Al-Hindi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - D Salam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - I Alameddine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|