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Jegadeesan C, Somanathan A, Jeyakumar RB, Godvin Sharmila V. Combination of electrocoagulation with solar photo Fenton process for treatment of landfill leachate. Environ Technol 2023; 44:4441-4459. [PMID: 35757857 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2093654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to provide a viable and active way to remove COD and colour from landfill leachate treated by adopting combined process of electrocoagulation and solar photo Fenton process. Coagulating agents such as metal hydroxides are created by the electrolysis process through self-sacrificial electrodes. Aluminium and iron dissolves at the anode and hydrogen gas are generated at the cathode when aluminium and iron electrodes are utilised. The contaminants interact with the coagulating agent to generate enormous organic flocs. The leachate was obtained from a landfill in Madurai and then it was characterised in terms of its major predominant pollutants. In this study, the electrocoagulation process was used in conjunction with the solar photo Fenton process to treat the leachate under ideal conditions of pH = 7, NaCl = 2 g/L, voltage = 4 V, Al & Fe electrodes and inter electrode distance = 3 cm with a COD and colour removal effectiveness of 75% and 76%, respectively. Furthermore, the effluent from the electrocoagulation process was treated using a solar photo Fenton process at pH = 3, H2O2 = 10 g/L and Fe2+ = 1 g/L with COD and colour reduction effectiveness of 90% and 91%, respectively. In this combination of treatment systems, leachate biodegradability increased from 0.35 to 0.73, favouring the biological oxidation process in conventional treatment plants. This research demonstrates that employing this paired electrocoagulation-solar photo Fenton to treat landfill leachate can achieve consistent treatment effects with high removal efficiencies, and that it is an acceptable treatment technique for landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiarani Jegadeesan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Adishkumar Somanathan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India
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2
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Pugazhendi A, Jamal MT, Jeyakumar RB. Biohydrogen production through energy efficient surfactant induced microwave pretreatment of macroalgae Ulva reticulata. Environ Res 2023; 236:116709. [PMID: 37479210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgal biomass being rich in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in their cell wall has been considered as the most efficient organic rich sources for biofuel (biohydrogen) production. In this study, Pluronic P-123-induced microwave pretreatment was applied to disintegrate the marine macroalgae biomass, Ulva reticulata. Microwave disintegration was done by varying the treatment time and microwave power from 0 to 40 min and 0.09 KW to 0.63 KW. A maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization of 22.33% was achieved at a microwave power and time duration of 0.36 kW and 15 min. Chemical (Pluronic P-123, a mild surfactant) was combined with optimum microwave disintegration conditions to increase the solubilization efficiency and this combined pretreatment achieved a maximum COD solubilization of 31.02% at 10 min pretreatment time and 0.06 g per g TS of Pluronic P-123 dosage. The present study indicated that combination of surfactant with microwave pretreatment substantially improves the COD solubilization with reduced pretreatment -time than mono microwave pretreatment. An optimal hydrogen yield of 98.37 mL was achieved through this combined pretreatment. The biohydrogen data was modelled with Gompertz model and the kinetic parameters derived through this model implies that the calculated adjusted R squared values for all the samples lies between 0.95 and 0.99. This shows that the model fitted biohydrogen experimental values accurately. In addition, Pluronic P-123-induced microwave pretreatment was regarded as energy efficient and cost effective than microwave pretreatment alone with net energy production and a greater energy ratio of 504.38 kWh/Ton macroalgae and 1.2 when compared to microwave pretreatment alone (-2975.6 kWh/Ton macroalgae and 0.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulazhagan Pugazhendi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh T Jamal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudy, Thiruvarur, 610005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Jegadeesan C, Somanathan A, Jeyakumar RB. Sanitary landfill leachate treatment by aerated electrochemical Fenton process. J Environ Manage 2023; 337:117698. [PMID: 36963179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aerated electrochemical Fenton procedure was investigated as a viable treatment approach for electrolytic degradation and decolourization of sanitary landfill leachate. The optimization effects of initial pH, applied voltage, H2O2 concentration and combination of iron electrodes on detoxification were demonstrated by COD and colour removal from stabilized leachate, respectively. The study illustrates that, under the optimum experimental parameters voltage of 4.5 V, electrolysis time of 90 min, H2O2 dosage of 5 g/L, pH 3, 99% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 100% colour are removed from stabilized leachate, and the biodegradability ratio of the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to COD increases from 0.1 to 0.72. In addition, the pure catalytic metallic iron anode and cathode electrode used in the electrochemical Fenton process was first electro-oxidized to Fe2+ for use during the Fenton reaction, then with Fe3+ that was reverted back to Fe2+ under the applied electrochemical-magnetic field, resulting in the iron dissolution and regeneration circuit (Fe2+/Fe3+/Fe2+). Additionally, Fe2+/Fe3+ served as bridges for agglomerates to coalesce into big, closely packed particles for better filterability and sedimentation action. As a preparatory step for the biochemical treatment, this technology has been effectively used to treat stabilized landfill leachate containing toxic refractory recalcitrant organics on a large scale. Additionally, by estimating the scientific experiment with a regression model approach for the outcomes, RSM software was employed in order to standardize the ECF treatment process, significantly reducing the number of test cases and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiarani Jegadeesan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627007, India.
| | - Adishkumar Somanathan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, 627007, India.
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, 610005, India.
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Gadkari S, Narisetty V, Maity SK, Manyar H, Mohanty K, Jeyakumar RB, Pant KK, Kumar V. Techno-Economic Analysis of 2,3-Butanediol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:8337-8349. [PMID: 37292450 PMCID: PMC10245391 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a significant agricultural residue generated by sugar mills based on sugarcane crop. Valorizing carbohydrate-rich SCB provides an opportunity to improve the profitability of sugar mills with simultaneous production of value-added chemicals, such as 2,3-butanediol (BDO). BDO is a prospective platform chemical with multitude of applications and huge derivative potential. This work presents the techno-economic and profitability analysis for fermentative production of BDO utilizing 96 MT of SCB per day. The study considers plant operation in five scenarios representing the biorefinery annexed to a sugar mill, centralized and decentralized units, and conversion of only xylose or total carbohydrates of SCB. Based on the analysis, the net unit production cost of BDO in the different scenarios ranged from 1.13 to 2.28 US$/kg, while the minimum selling price varied from 1.86 to 3.99 US$/kg. Use of the hemicellulose fraction alone was shown to result in an economically viable plant; however, this was dependent on the condition that the plant would be annexed to a sugar mill which could supply utilities and the feedstock free of cost. A standalone facility where the feedstock and utilities were procured was predicted to be economically feasible with a net present value of about 72 million US$, when both hemicellulose and cellulose fractions of SCB were utilized for BDO production. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to highlight some key parameters affecting plant economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gadkari
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Vivek Narisetty
- School
of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield
University, Guildford MK43 0AL, U.K.
| | - Sunil K. Maity
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Haresh Manyar
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, U.K.
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department
of Life Sciences, Central University of
Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School
of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield
University, Guildford MK43 0AL, U.K.
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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Dharmaraja J, Shobana S, Arvindnarayan S, Francis RR, Jeyakumar RB, Saratale RG, Ashokkumar V, Bhatia SK, Kumar V, Kumar G. Lignocellulosic biomass conversion via greener pretreatment methods towards biorefinery applications. Bioresour Technol 2023; 369:128328. [PMID: 36402280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomass during pretreatment releases various compounds, among them the most important is reducing sugars, which can be utilized for the production of biofuels and some other products. Thereby, innovative greener pretreatment techniques for lignocellulosic materials have been considered to open a new door in the aspects of digestibility of the rigid carbohydrate-lignin matrix to reduce the particle size and remove hemicellulose/lignin contents to successfully yield valid bioproducts. This article reviews about the composition of lignocelluloses and emphasizes various green pretreatments viz novel green solvent-based IL and DES steam explosion, supercritical carbon dioxide explosion (Sc-CO2) and co-solvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) along with suitable mechanistic pathway of LCB pretreatment process. Finally, this article concludes that the existing pretreatments should be redesigned to conquer the demands by large scale production and suggests combined pretreatment methods to carry out various biomass pre-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanities, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Amathur-626005, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sutha Shobana
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sundaram Arvindnarayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lord Jegannath College of Engineering and Technology, Marungoor - 629402, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rusal Raj Francis
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai Campus, Box 345055, Pilani, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudy, Thiruvarur-610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus 4036, Stavanger, Norway.
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Lay CH, Dharmaraja J, Shobana S, Arvindnarayan S, Krishna Priya R, Jeyakumar RB, Saratale RG, Park YK, Kumar V, Kumar G. Lignocellulose biohydrogen towards net zero emission: A review on recent developments. Bioresour Technol 2022; 364:128084. [PMID: 36220533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review mainly determines novel and advance physical, chemical, physico-chemical, microbiological and nanotechnology-based pretreatment techniques in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment for bio-H2 production. Further, aim of this review is to gain the knowledge on the lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment and its priority on the efficacy of bio-H2 and positive findings. The influence of various pretreatment techniques on the structure of lignocellulosic biomass have presented with the pros and cons, especially about the cellulose digestibility and the interference by generation of inhibitory compounds in the bio-enzymatic technique as such compounds is toxic. The result implies that the stepwise pretreatment technique only can ensure eventually the lignocellulosic biomass materials fermentation to yield bio-H2. Though, the mentioned pretreatment steps are still a challenge to procure cost-effective large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars along with low inhibitory concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyi-How Lay
- Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanities, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Amathur-626005, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sutha Shobana
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, Van Lang School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sundaram Arvindnarayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lord Jegannath College of Engineering and Technology, Marungoor - 629402, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Retnam Krishna Priya
- Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil - 629004, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Ganesh Saratale R, Ponnusamy VK, Jeyakumar RB, Sirohi R, Piechota G, Shobana S, Dharmaraja J, Lay CH, Dattatraya Saratale G, Seung Shin H, Ashokkumar V. Microalgae cultivation strategies using cost-effective nutrient sources: Recent updates and progress towards biofuel production. Bioresour Technol 2022; 361:127691. [PMID: 35926554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are grabbing huge attention as well as consciousness on non-renewable energy sources for the global energy crises because of gradual increase in oil price, fast depletion or low availability of resources, and the release of more toxic-gases (CO2, SOx, NxO) during exhaustion, etc. Due to such hitches, the key need is to find alternative biofuels or feedstocks to replace fossil fuel energy demands worldwide. Currently, microalgae have become intrigued feedstock candidates (3rd generation source of biofuel) to replace nearly 50-60 % of fossil fuels due to high production of biomass and oil, mitigating CO2 and wastewater remediation. The present work demonstrated the current developments and future perspectives on large-scale algal cultivation strategies for the biorefinery economy. In addition, various advanced cultivation techniques adopted for enhanced biomass production and cost-effective methods for bioenergy production were detailly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, and Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GP CHEM. Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sutha Shobana
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanities, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Amathur 626005, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chyi-How Lay
- Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
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Ghorab REA, Pugazhendi A, Jamal MT, Jeyakumar RB, Godon JJ, Mathew DK. Tannery wastewater treatment coupled with bioenergy production in upflow microbial fuel cell under saline condition. Environ Res 2022; 212:113304. [PMID: 35452670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tannery industry handling huge amount of leather materials release immense amount of saline organic content wastewater. The present research was focused on the treatment of tannery industrial wastewater in UMFC (upflow microbial fuel cell) under saline condition (4%). The UMFC reactor was operated at different organic load (OL) such as 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 gCOD/L respectively. Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 gCOD/L was 87 ± 1.2%, 91 ± 1.2% and 93 ± 1.8% respectively. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal in UMFC at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 gCOD/L was 85 ± 0.6%, 88 ± 1.2% and 91 ± 1.8% respectively. Total suspended solids (TSS) removal was 49%, 78%, 81% at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 gCOD/L OL in UMFC. Further, raise in OL to 2.4 gCOD/L showed decrease in TCOD, SCOD (80% and 72%) and TSS (60%) removal. Maximal power production of 854 mV with corresponding PD (power density) of 462 mW/m2 and CD (current density) of 523 mA/m2 was registered at 1.8 gCOD/L OL in UMFC. Increase in OL to 2.4 gCOD/L revealed decline in energy production to 810 mV with PD (385 mW/m2) and CD (438 mA/m2) in UMFC. Maximal bioaccumulation of chromium (95%) was recorded at 1.8 gCOD/L OL. Among different OL used 1.8 gCOD/L OL was optimum for the treatment of tannery wastewater and energy production. Bacterial community analysis in anode of UMFC revealed the dominance of promising electrogenic halophilic strains such as Ochrobactrum, Marinobacter, Rhodococcus and Bacillus in all the OL. Thus, the research clearly revealed the efficacy of halophilic consortium to treat the saline tannery wastewater coupled with bioenergy production in UMFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Esmat Ali Ghorab
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arulazhagan Pugazhendi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mamdoh T Jamal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudy, Thiruvarur, 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jean Jacques Godon
- INRAE, Université de Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des Étangs, Narbonne, France
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mathew
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Jesudhas CJ, Chidambaram SM, Jeyakumar RB, Rene ER. Development and application of a contaminant transport model for groundwater remediation and reservoir protection: a case study from India. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:257. [PMID: 35257235 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The upper Kodaganar basin, located in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India, is composed of hard rock terrain. Groundwater is the major source of domestic and irrigation needs and it is being contaminated by tannery wastewater that is discharged into the nearby Sengulam Lake. The main aim of this work was to develop a contaminant transport model using the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of groundwater measured in the basin. The model was developed to predict the fate of contaminant in the aquifer. The TDS concentrations in the wells ranged from 249 to 20,120 mg/L, wherein extremely high values were observed in some of the severely contaminated wells. Three scenarios were proposed to predict the fate of the contaminant and to mitigate the effect of contaminant on groundwater receptors for the year 2020: scenario I: developed with the existing discharge conditions; scenario II: developed with discharge as per the standards; scenario III: developed with zero discharge. The results of this study showed that scenario III reduced the contaminated area from 12 km2 to 6 km2. The reduction in area for different concentration contours, namely 2000 mg/L, 5000 mg/L, 10,000 mg/L, and 15,000 mg/L, was 2 km2, 0.5 km2, 0.2 km2, and 0.1 km2, respectively, and the groundwater remediation was expected to take 2050 years. Hence, there is an urgent need for the application of clean and resource efficient technologies in process industries, and the implementation of suitable wastewater treatment technologies to prevent ground water pollution in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colins Johnny Jesudhas
- Department of Civil Engineering, University VOC College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, Thoothukudi, 628 008, India.
| | | | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA, Delft, The Netherlands
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10
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Pugazhendi A, Jamal MT, Al-Mur BA, Jeyakumar RB. Bioaugmentation of electrogenic halophiles in the treatment of pharmaceutical industrial wastewater and energy production in microbial fuel cell under saline condition. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132515. [PMID: 34627818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical wastewater with different toxic recalcitrant materials and high salinity requires a novel treatment technology before released into the environment. The present research details the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater along with energy production using bioaugmentation of halophilic consortium in air cathode microbial fuel cell (ACMFC) under saline condition (4%). Organic load (OL) varied from 1.04 to 3.51 gCOD/L was studied in ACMFC. TCOD (Total Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal exhibited 65%, 72%, 84% and 89% at 1.04, 1.52, 2.01 and 2.52 gCOD/L OL respectively. SCOD (Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal of 60%, 66%, 76% and 82% was recorded during the operation of identical OL (1.04-2.52 gCOD/L). Prominent TCOD (92%), SCOD (90%), TSS (Total Suspended Solids) removal of 73% was attained at 3.02 gCOD/L OL with corresponding energy production of 896 mV (Current density (CD) - 554 mA/m2, Power density (PD)-505 mW/m2). CE (Columbic Efficiency) was 43%, 38%, 33%, 30%, 28% and 22% at different OL ranged between 1.04 and 3.51 gCOD/L. Increase in OL to 3.51 gCOD/L revealed decrement in TCOD (68%), SCOD (62%), TSS (52%) removal and energy production (CD-234 mA/m2, PD-165 mW/m2). Complete removal of phenol was accomplished at different OL in 6 (1.04, 1.52 gCOD/L) and 8 (2.01, 2.52 and 3.02 gCOD/L) days respectively. Ochrobactrum, Marinobacter, Bacillus and Rhodococcus were the dominant halophilic electrogenic strain in ACMFC at different OL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulazhagan Pugazhendi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mamdoh T Jamal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar A Al-Mur
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudy, Thiruvarur-610005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pugazhendi A, Jamal MT, Al-Mur BA, Jeyakumar RB, Kumar G. Macroalgae (Ulva reticulata) derived biohydrogen recovery through mild surfactant induced energy and cost efficient dispersion pretreatment technology. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132463. [PMID: 34619256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently identification of alternate fuel is the key area of research under progress to overcome the depletion of fossil fuels, meet the domestic and industrial requirements. Generation of hydrogen, which is a clean fuel gas can solve various environmental related problems. Extensive research is being carried out to increase production of hydrogen through different substrates. This study aims to increase the production of hydrogen from Ulva reticulata (a macroalgal biomass). Initially, the biomass is pretreated mechanically with disperser and a biosurfactant, namely rhamnolipid in order to increase the solubilization of the biomass. The rate of COD liquefaction increased from 14% to 25% with the addition of biosurfactant to the macroalgal biomass, which is further treated mechanically using a disperser. The disperser rotor speed of 12,000 rpm and the specific energy input of 1175 kJ/kg TS (Total Solids) with the disintegration time of 30 min and biosurfactant dosage of 0.075 g/g TS were considered as the optimum parameters for the effective liquefaction of the macroalgal biomass. Approximately 3500 mg/L of the biopolymers were released after the combinative pretreatment (using disperser and biosurfactant). About 80 mL biohydrogen/g COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) was generated when the biomass was pretreated with both the disperser and biosurfactant while the biomass pretreated with the disperser alone generated just 30 mL biohydrogen/g COD and the untreated biomass generated 5 mL biohydrogen/g COD. Thus, it can be concluded that Ulva reticulata can be utilized effectively to generate biohydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulazhagan Pugazhendi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mamdoh T Jamal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar A Al-Mur
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudy, Thiruvarur-610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus 4036, Stavanger, Norway
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Raj S, Kuniyil AM, Sreenikethanam A, Gugulothu P, Jeyakumar RB, Bajhaiya AK. Microalgae as a Source of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs); Advances and Future Prospects. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12402. [PMID: 34886126 PMCID: PMC8656575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), are secondary metabolites, first reported in 1960 and found to be associated with the light-stimulated sporulation in terrestrial fungi. MAAs are nitrogenous, low molecular weight, water soluble compounds, which are highly stable with cyclohexenone or cycloheximine rings to store the free radicals. Microalgae are considered as a good source of different kinds of MAAs, which in turn, has its own applications in various industries due to its UV absorbing, anti-oxidant and therapeutic properties. Microalgae can be easily cultivated and requires a very short generation time, which makes them environment friendly source of biomolecules such as mycosporine-like amino acids. Modifying the cultural conditions along withmanipulation of genes associated with mycosporine-like amino acids biosynthesis can help to enhance MAAs synthesis and, in turn, can make microalgae suitable bio-refinery for large scale MAAs production. This review focuses on properties and therapeutic applications of mycosporine like amino acids derived from microalgae. Further attention is drawn on various culture and genetic engineering approaches to enhance the MAAs production in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhisha Raj
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.R.); (A.M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Anusree M. Kuniyil
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.R.); (A.M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Arathi Sreenikethanam
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.R.); (A.M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Poornachandar Gugulothu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (P.G.); (R.B.J.)
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (P.G.); (R.B.J.)
| | - Amit K. Bajhaiya
- Algal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610104, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.R.); (A.M.K.); (A.S.)
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Karuppiah T, Pugazhendi A, Subramanian S, Jamal MT, Jeyakumar RB. Deriving electricity from dye processing wastewater using single chamber microbial fuel cell with carbon brush anode and platinum nano coated air cathode. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:437. [PMID: 30306006 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising and sustainable technology to generate electricity. In the present study, the potential of air cathode MFC treating dye processing wastewater was investigated at various organic loads with interest focused on power densities, organic removal and coulombic efficiencies. The highest power density of about 515 mW/m2 (6.03 W/m3) with 56% of coulombic efficiency was procured at 1.0 (g COD/L) organic load. The high potency of TCOD (total chemical oxygen demand), SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand) and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) removal of about 85%, 73% and 68% respectively was achieved at the organic load of 1.0 (g COD/L). The bacterial strains in anode region at the initial stage of MFC operation were reported to be responsible for potential organic removal. The bacterial strains in air cathode MFC were identified as Paenibacillus sp. strain JRA1 (MH27077), Pseudomonas sp. strain JRA2 (MH27078), Ochrobactrum sp. strain JRA3 (MH27079), Sphingobacterium sp. strain JRA4 (MH27080), Stenotrophomonas sp. strain JRA5 (MH27081), Bacillus sp. strain JRA6 (MH27082) and Clostridium sp. strain JRA7 (MH27083) using phylogenetic analysis. After 60 days of air cathode MFC operation, the bacterial community in biofilm samples was dominated by Bacillus, Ochrobactrum and Pseudomonas (20-22%). The biofilm sample collected from the carbon brush consisted of Bacillus (33%), Ochrobactrum (30%), Pseudomonas (28%), Clostridium (6%) and Stenotrophomonas (3%). The present study revealed the treatment efficiency of dye processing wastewater along with power generation in single chambered air cathode MFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilarasan Karuppiah
- 1Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007 India
| | - Arulazhagan Pugazhendi
- 2Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
- 3Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakthivel Subramanian
- 1Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007 India
| | - Mamdoh T Jamal
- 3Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- 1Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007 India
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