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Pinna MV, Diquattro S, Garau M, Grottola CM, Giudicianni P, Roggero PP, Castaldi P, Garau G. Combining biochar and grass-legume mixture to improve the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Heliyon 2024; 10:e26478. [PMID: 38455572 PMCID: PMC10918015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of soil amendments with plants can be a viable option for restoring the functionality of PTEs-contaminated soils. Soil recovery could be further optimized through the mixed cropping of plant species (e.g. legumes and grasses) with different physiological characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the phytoremediation ability of Vicia villosa Roth. And Lolium rigidum Gaud. Grown alone or in mixture in a soil contaminated with PTEs (C), i.e. Cd (23 mg kg-1), Pb (4473 mg kg-1) and Zn (3147 mg kg-1), and amended with 3% biochar (C + B). Biochar improved soil fertility and changed PTEs distribution, reducing soluble fractions and increasing the more stable ones. The addition of biochar increased the plant biomass of hairy vetch and annual ryegrass, both in monoculture and when in mixture. For example, shoot and root biomass of the C + B intercropped hairy vetch and annual ryegrass increased 9- and 7-fold, and ∼3-fold respectively, compared to the respective C plants. The biochar addition decreased PTE-uptake by both plants, while mixed cropping increased the uptake of PTEs by shoots of hairy vetch grown in C and C + B. The bioaccumulation, translocation factors, and mineralomass showed that hairy vetch and annual ryegrass behaved as phytostabilising plants. PTE mineralomasses proved that mixed cropping in C + B increased the overall capacity of PTE accumulation by plant tissues, particularly the root system. Therefore, the combination of biochar and legumes/grasses mixed cropping could be an effective solution for the recovery of PTEs-contaminated soils and the mitigation of their environmental hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Pinna
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Diquattro
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Garau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Corinna Maria Grottola
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS) of the National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Giudicianni
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS) of the National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Roggero
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Castaldi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Garau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Fan X, Du C, Zhou L, Fang Y, Zhang G, Zou H, Yu G, Wu H. Biochar from phytoremediation plant residues: a review of its characteristics and potential applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16188-16205. [PMID: 38329669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly plant-based approach promising technique to repair heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, a significant quantity of plant residues needs to be properly treated and utilized. Pyrolysis is an effective technology for converting residues to biochar, which can solve the problem and avoid secondary contamination. This paper reviews the generation, and physicochemical properties of biochar from phytoremediation residues, and its application in soil improvement, environmental remediation, and carbon sequestration. In spite of this, it is important to be aware of the potential toxicity of heavy metals in biochar and the environmental risks of biochar before applying it to practical applications. Future challenges in the production and application of residue-derived biochar include the rational selection of pyrolysis parameters and proper handling of potentially hazardous components in the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Fan
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Du
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Fang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhao Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Zou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
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Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Biochar Produced from Lignin–Rich Biorefinery Residue. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6050076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The biorefinery concept is growing rapidly for bio-based production of fuels and products, and steam explosion is by far the most applied pre-treatment technology allowing the delignification of lignocellulosic biomass. Within the bioethanol production process, pyrolysis of lignin-rich residue (LRR), for producing char to be used in a wide variety of applications, presents a viable way to recover materials and energy, helping to improve the sustainability of the whole production chain. In the present study, it is shown that yields, elemental composition and porosity characteristics of LLR-char are significantly different from those of char produced from alkali lignin. Both products yields and char composition were more similar to the typical values of woody and herbaceous biomasses. The chemical characterization of the chars’ organic matrices as well as the content of the main inorganic species suggest the opportunity to perform pyrolysis at low temperatures for producing high yields of chars suitable to be used as carbon sink or soil fertilizers. The BET values of the chars obtained at final temperatures in the range 500–700 °C seem to be promising for char-application processes involving surface phenomena (e.g., adsorption, catalyst support), thus encouraging further analyses of char-surface chemistry.
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Low Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) Energy Crops to Bioenergy and Biofuels—A Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy crops are dedicated cultures directed for biofuels, electricity, and heat production. Due to their tolerance to contaminated lands, they can alleviate and remediate land pollution by the disposal of toxic elements and polymetallic agents. Moreover, these crops are suitable to be exploited in marginal soils (e.g., saline), and, therefore, the risk of land-use conflicts due to competition for food, feed, and fuel is reduced, contributing positively to economic growth, and bringing additional revenue to landowners. Therefore, further study and investment in R&D is required to link energy crops to the implementation of biorefineries. The main objective of this study is to present a review of the potential of selected energy crops for bioenergy and biofuels production, when cultivated in marginal/degraded/contaminated (MDC) soils (not competing with agriculture), contributing to avoiding Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) burdens. The selected energy crops are Cynara cardunculus, Arundo donax, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus tuberosus, Linum usitatissimum, Miscanthus × giganteus, Sorghum bicolor, Panicum virgatum, Acacia dealbata, Pinus pinaster, Paulownia tomentosa, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Salix viminalis, and microalgae cultures. This article is useful for researchers or entrepreneurs who want to know what kind of crops can produce which biofuels in MDC soils.
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Chai Y, Bai M, Chen A, Peng L, Shao J, Shang C, Peng C, Zhang J, Zhou Y. Thermochemical conversion of heavy metal contaminated biomass: Fate of the metals and their impact on products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153426. [PMID: 35090917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid depletion of fossil energy and increasingly severe environmental pollution, the development of biomass resources for biorefineries has become a new research focus. However, heavy metals may be released during the thermochemical treatment when the biomass materials used in biomass conversion are contaminated by heavy metals. This can cause secondary environmental pollution or transference to the target products, reducing product quality. Therefore, having a systematic understanding of the fate of heavy metals in biomass conversion is necessary for alleviating potential risks. This study presents the current status of contaminated biomass and conversion products involving thermochemical processes, the migration, transformation, and impact of heavy metals in biomass conversion was investigated, and the utilization of heavy metals in contaminated biomass was briefly outlined. This review aims to link biomass conversion to the fate of heavy metals, avoid existing risks as much as possible to produce cleaner products efficiently, and promote the sustainable development of heavy metal contaminated biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzheng Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ma Bai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihai Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cui Shang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Abstract
This review article discusses the effects of inorganic content and mechanisms on raw biomass and char during gasification. The impacts of the inherent inorganics and externally added inorganic compounds are summarized based on a literature search from the most recent 40 years. The TGA and larger-scale studies involving K-, Ca-, and Si-related mechanisms are critically reviewed with the aim of understanding the reaction mechanisms and kinetics. Differences between the reaction pathways of inorganic matter, and subsequent effects on the reactivity during gasification, are discussed. The present results illustrate the complexity of ash transformation phenomena, which have a strong impact on the design of gasifiers as well as further operation and process control. The impregnation and mixing of catalytic compounds into raw biomass are emphasized as a potential solution to avoid reactivity-related operational challenges during steam and CO2 gasification. This review clearly identifies a gap in experimental knowledge at the micro and macro levels in the advanced modelling of inorganics transformation with respect to gasification reactivity.
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Cui X, Wang J, Wang X, Khan MB, Lu M, Khan KY, Song Y, He Z, Yang X, Yan B, Chen G. Biochar from constructed wetland biomass waste: A review of its potential and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132259. [PMID: 34543904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland is considered a promising approach for water remediation due to its high efficiency, low operation costs, and ecological benefits, but the large amounts of wetland plant biomass need to be properly harvested and utilized. Recently, wetland plant derived biochar has drawn extensive attention owing to its application potential. This paper provides an updated review on the production and characteristics of wetland plant derived biochar, and its utilization in soil improvement, carbon sequestration, environmental remediation, and energy production. In comparison to hydrothermal carbonization and gasification, pyrolysis is a more common technique to convert wetland plant to biochar. Characteristics of wetland plant biochars varied with plant species, growth environment of plant, and preparation conditions. Wetland plant biochar could be a qualified soil amendment owing to its abundant nutrients. Notably, wetland plant biochar exhibited considerable sorption capacity for various inorganic and organic contaminants. However, the potentially toxic substances (e.g. heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) retained in wetland plant biochar should be noticed before large-scale application. To overcome the drawbacks from the scattered distribution, limited productivity, and seasonal operation of constructed wetlands, the economic feasibility of wetland plant biochar production system could be improved via using mobile pyrolysis unit, utilizing local waste heat, and exploiting all the byproducts. Future challenges in the production and application of wetland plant derived biochar include the continuous supply of feedstock and proper handling of potentially hazardous components in the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kiran Yasmin Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yingjin Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Science Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
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8
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Agronomic Approaches for Characterization, Remediation, and Monitoring of Contaminated Sites. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With a view to conserving or improving soil ecosystem services, environment-friendly techniques, such as bio- and phytoremediation, can effectively be used for the characterization, risk assessment, and remediation of contaminated agricultural sites. Polyannual vegetation (meadows, poplar, and cane stands) is widely considered the most efficient tool for remediation (extraction of bioavailable fraction of contaminants), for undertaking safety measures (reducing the mobility of contaminants towards other environmental compartments), and for restoring the ecosystem services of contaminated agricultural sites (biomass production, groundwater protection, C storage, landscape quality improvement, and cultural and educational services). The roles of agronomic approaches will be reviewed by focusing on the various steps in the whole remediation process: (i) detailed environmental characterization; (ii) phytoremediation for reducing risks for the environment and human health; (iii) agronomic management for improving efficiency of phytoremediation; and (iv) biomass recycling in the win-win perspective of the circular economy.
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Wang L, Bolan NS, Tsang DCW, Hou D. Green immobilization of toxic metals using alkaline enhanced rice husk biochar: Effects of pyrolysis temperature and KOH concentration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137584. [PMID: 32145631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a "green" material that has been widely used in environmental applications for its capability to remove or immobilize contaminants in different environmental media (i.e. soil, water and air) and mitigate climate change. In this study, the feasibility of using KOH enhanced biochar for soil Cd and Pb stabilization was investigated, and the effects of pyrolysis temperature and alkaline concentrations for modification were explored. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were conducted to reveal the influence on biochar physiochemical properties. The immobilization performances were examined through Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted to visualize the results from leaching tests. The stabilization mechanisms of alkaline enhanced biochars were investigated using Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), Tessier sequential extraction method and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The results indicated that rice husk biochar pyrolyzed at a relatively low temperature (i.e., 300 °C) and activated by moderate alkaline concentrations (i.e., 1 M or 3 M KOH) rendered optimum stabilization performance. KOH activation was a double-edged sword, with high alkaline concentrations destroying biochar's cell structures. Moreover, the integration of TOF-SIMS, XRD and sequential leaching method shed lights on the underlying mechanisms involved in metal stabilization. Surface complexation between toxic metals and oxygen-containing functional groups rather than liming or precipitation was proven to be the fundamental stabilization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Radziemska M, Bęś A, Gusiatin ZM, Cerdà A, Jeznach J, Mazur Z, Brtnický M. Assisted phytostabilization of soil from a former military area with mineral amendments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109934. [PMID: 31740234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of toxic pollutants, soils in former military areas need remedial actions with environmentally friendly methods. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the aided phytostabilization of multi-heavy metals (HMs), i.e. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, in post-military soil by Festuca rubra and three mineral amendments (diatomite, dolomite and halloysite). The amendments were applied at 0 and 3.0% to each pot filled with 5 kg of polluted soil. After seven weeks of the phytostabilization, selected soil properties, biomass yield of F. rubra and immobilization of HMs by their accumulation in plant and redistribution among individual fractions in soil were determined. In addition, ecotoxicology parameters of non-amended and amended soil were established using Phytotoxkit (Sinapsis alba) and Ostracodtoxkit (Heterocypris incongruens) tests. The addition of halloysite significantly increased F. rubra biomass. Diatomite significantly increased both the Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr concentrations in the roots and the pH of the soil. The application of halloysite significantly decreased the Cd and Zn contents of the soil after the completion of the experiment. Dolomite and halloysite were more effective in HM immobilization in soil by decreasing their content in an exchangeable fraction than diatomite. These soil amendments significantly differentiated the length of S. alba roots and had a positive effect on the development of H. incongruens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Radziemska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bęś
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 28, Valencia, 46 010, Spain
| | - Jerzy Jeznach
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Mazur
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Martin Brtnický
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613-00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612-00, Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Gao B, Zhang X, Tian C, Zhang X, Liu J. Effects of amendments and aided phytostabilization of an energy crop on the metal availability and leaching in mine tailings using a pot test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2745-2759. [PMID: 31836984 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A complete orthogonal experiment using a pot test is conducted to investigate the effects of four amendments (biochar, peat, manure, and non-contaminated soil (NCS)) on the metal availability, mobility, and phytostabilization potential of an energy crop, king grass (Pennisetum purpureum × P. thyphoideum), in Pb/Zn mine tailings. The addition of amendments significantly increased the pH and fertility of the tailings, while significantly decreasing the heavy metal available contents in the tailings. The available Cd, Pb, Zn, and As concentrations in the tailings in the treatment amended with biochar+NCS+peat+manure were 51.00%, 36.62%, 50.57%, and 75.88%, respectively, lower than those in the treatment control. The king grass survived in the tailings without amendments, while amendments made the plant grow well or better in the tailings than in NCS. The addition of amendments significantly reduced the content of heavy metals and bioaccumulation factor (BCF) in the plant root but increased the translocation factor (TF) of Cd, Zn, and As and had little effect on the TF of Pb. The TF for heavy metals in plant were lower than one for all of the treatments. During a leaching period of 30 days, the pH of the leachate declined slowly and then maintained at 6.0~6.6. The addition of the amendments significantly reduced the metal concentrations of the leachates, and the highest declines were 50.46%, 20.04%, 41.58%, and 47.04% for Cd, Pb, Zn, and As, respectively. Biochar had a higher immobilization capacity for Cd, Pb, Zn, and As than manure, peat, and NCS. King grass could be used to aid phytostabilization for Cd- and Pb-polluted tailings, and biochar-rich amendments were effective for the in situ immobilization of metals. Further field monitoring is necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of king grass and amendments under the climatic conditions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xingfeng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Chao Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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12
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Du J, Zhang L, Song S, Li R, Xiao R, Guo D, Ali A, Liu X, Guan W, Zhang Z. Effect of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) on the thermal decomposition of phytoremediation plant wastes: Thermokinetic and gas evolution analysis by TG-DTG-MS. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122027. [PMID: 31454735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermal conversion is a promising approach for the disposal of phytoremediation biowastes. The thermal characteristics of potherb mustard biowaste contaminated by potentially toxic metals were studied in this work. Thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses of four feedstocks with different Cd/Zn content were conducted in an inert environment. Evolved gases were identified online by mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with TG. The TG-DTG profiles of the four feedstocks presented similar decomposition stages, whereas the samples with low Cd/Zn had a faster degradation rate, suggesting that the presence of Cd/Zn had little effect on thermal decomposition mechanism. The maximum evolution of H2 and CH4 occurred at 500-650 °C, while CO was released at a low temperature. PTMs could catalyze the H2 production during the pyrolysis of biowaste. This investigation revealed the effects of different Cd/Zn contents on thermal conversion, providing a practical reference for the thermal treatment of phytoremediation biowastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal-Based Clean Energy, Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Shuangshuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Di Guo
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weidou Guan
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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