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Zaheer MS, Rizwan M, Aijaz N, Hameed A, Ikram K, Ali HH, Niaz Y, Usman Aslam HM, Manoharadas S, Riaz MW, Ahmed N, Bibi R, Manzoor MA, Rehman S. Investigating the synergistic effects of biochar, trans-zeatin riboside, and Azospirillum brasilense on soil improvement and enzymatic activity in water-stressed wheat. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:314. [PMID: 38654167 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water stress is a major danger to crop yield, hence new approaches to strengthen plant resilience must be developed. To lessen the negative effects of water stress on wheat plants, present study was arranged to investigate the role of synergistic effects of biochar, trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR), and Azospirillum brasilense on soil improvement and enzymatic activity in water-stressed wheat. RESULTS In a three-replication experiment comprising of four treatments (T0: Control, T1: Drought stress (DS), T2: DS + t-ZR with biochar, T3: DS + A. brasilense with biochar), we observed notable improvements in soil quality and enzymatic activities in water-stressed wheat plants with the application of t-ZR and A. brasilense with biochar. In drought stress, Treatment having the application of A. brasilense with biochar performs best as compared to the other and significant increased the enzymatic activities such as peroxidase (7.36%), catalase (8.53%), superoxide dismutase (6.01%), polyphenol oxidase (14.14%), and amylase (16.36%) in wheat plants. Different enzymatic activities showed different trends of results. Soil organic C, dissolved organic C, dissolved organic N also enhanced 29.46%, 8.59%, 22.70% respectively with the application of A. brasilense with biochar under drought stress condition. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic action of A. brasilense and biochar creates an effective microbiological environment that supports essential plant physiological processes during drought stress. This enhancement is attributed to improved soil fertility and increased organic matter content, highlighting the potential of these novel strategies in mitigating water stress effects and enhancing crop resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Nazish Aijaz
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Akhtar Hameed
- Institute of Plant Protection, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 61000, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ikram
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Haider Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Yasir Niaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M Usman Aslam
- Institute of Plant Protection, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 61000, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Pathology, San Luis Valley Research Center, Colorado State University, Colorado, USA
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Institute of Plant Protection, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 61000, Pakistan
| | - Rani Bibi
- Institute of Plant Protection, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 61000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shamsur Rehman
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325, China
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Zhang X, Yang L, Wang W, Xiang Y, Liu J, An Y, Shi J, Qi H, Huang Z. Sodium alginate/sodium lignosulfonate hydrogel based on inert Ca 2+ activation for water conservation and growth promotion. Environ Res 2024; 246:118144. [PMID: 38191043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Soil degradation has become a major global problem owing to the rapid development of agriculture. The problems of soil drought and decreased soil fertility caused by soil degradation severely affect the development of the agricultural and forestry industries. In this study, we designed sodium alginate (SA)/sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) hydrogel based on the activation and crosslinking of inert Ca2+. CaCO3 and SA were mixed, and then, inert Ca2+ was activated to prepare a gel with a stable structure and a uniform interior and exterior. The crosslinking activated by inert Ca2+ enhanced the stability of the hydrogel, and the optimal swelling rate of the hydrogel reached 28.91 g/g, thereby effectively improving the water-holding capacity of the soil (77.6-108.83 g/kg). SLS was degraded into humic acid (HA) and gradually released, demonstrating a positive growth-promoting effect in plant growth experiments. The SA/SLS hydrogel can be used for soil water retention and mitigation to significantly decrease the water loss rate of soil. This study will assist in addressing soil drought and fertility loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Weicong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuzhou Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingshuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yulong An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Junming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Houjuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhanhua Huang
- Engineering Consulting & Design Institute (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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Niu C, Lin Z, Fu Q, Xu Y, Chen Y, Lu L. An eco-friendly versatile superabsorbent hydrogel based on sodium alginate and urea for soil improvement with a synchronous chemical loading strategy. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121676. [PMID: 38171662 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, an eco-friendly versatile superabsorbent material was designed for soil improvement, and a synchronous chemical loading strategy was proposed. In this strategy, urea not only acted as fertilizer but also acted as a crosslinker to construct an alginate network. The microstructure, chemical structure, thermal stability and composition of the obtained SA/urea hydrogel were characterized in detail. Adsorption behavior and application performance in agriculture were evaluated. The results demonstrated that urea had two different conformations in the network. The SA/urea hydrogel had abundant pore structures with excellent water absorption performance. It could not only improve the water retention capacity of soil but also release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements with degradation for as long as 9 weeks. Moreover, the hydrogel could promote plant growth, increase the nutritional composition of plants and inhibit the accumulation of harmful nitrate in plants. With advantages, including biodegradability, high water absorption, controllable degradation, excellent water retention, sustained NPK release and improved plant nutrition value, the SA/urea hydrogel has great potential for soil improvement in agriculture as an eco-friendly versatile water retention agent and can be expected to extend to more fields as a novel superabsorbent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Niu
- Special Glass Key Lab of Hainan Province (Hainan University) & State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhibo Lin
- Special Glass Key Lab of Hainan Province (Hainan University) & State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Special Glass Key Lab of Hainan Province (Hainan University) & State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yutao Xu
- Special Glass Key Lab of Hainan Province (Hainan University) & State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Youhui Chen
- Special Glass Key Lab of Hainan Province (Hainan University) & State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lingbin Lu
- Special Glass Key Lab of Hainan Province (Hainan University) & State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Fan X, Du C, Zhou L, Fang Y, Zhang G, Zou H, Yu G, Wu H. Biochar from phytoremediation plant residues: a review of its characteristics and potential applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:16188-16205. [PMID: 38329669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly plant-based approach promising technique to repair heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, a significant quantity of plant residues needs to be properly treated and utilized. Pyrolysis is an effective technology for converting residues to biochar, which can solve the problem and avoid secondary contamination. This paper reviews the generation, and physicochemical properties of biochar from phytoremediation residues, and its application in soil improvement, environmental remediation, and carbon sequestration. In spite of this, it is important to be aware of the potential toxicity of heavy metals in biochar and the environmental risks of biochar before applying it to practical applications. Future challenges in the production and application of residue-derived biochar include the rational selection of pyrolysis parameters and proper handling of potentially hazardous components in the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Fan
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Du
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Fang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhao Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Zou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
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He X, Yang Y, Huang B, Wang Z, Wang M. An overview of characteristic factors of biochar as a soil improvement tool in rice growth- A review. Environ Res 2024; 242:117794. [PMID: 38036209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a growing tool for bioremediation and soil improvement applications. Researchers are focusing on biochar due to its efficacy, eco-friendly composition, and cost-effective solutions to a variety of environmental issues. In recent times biochar has been used in enhancing the soil, increasing nutrient content, and sequestering carbon in paddy cultivation soils. India and Southeast Asian countries consume paddy as a major source of food in large quantities. Therefore, improving the growth condition of paddy fields using an easily available and safe technique will help increase the production rate. This will fulfill the needs of the growing population. Biochar is developed by the thermal decomposition of organic materials in low or no oxygen through pyrolysis, gasification, and co-pyrolysis methods. It improves paddy soil fertility due to its special physicochemical properties such as porosity, high surface area, efficient slow release, nutrient holding capacity, and maintenance of soil microbiota. Considering the importance of biochar in paddy soil fertility, the present work reviews the sources of biochar, functionalization of biochar, mechanism, and beneficial role of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Yunrui Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Baosen Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
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6
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Zhou L, Sun J, Xu X, Ma M, Li Y, Chen Q, Su H. Full quantitative resource utilization of raw mustard waste through integrating a comprehensive approach for producing hydrogen and soil amendments. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:27. [PMID: 38238808 PMCID: PMC10797975 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pickled mustard, the largest cultivated vegetable in China, generates substantial waste annually, leading to significant environmental pollution due to challenges in timely disposal, leading to decomposition and sewage issues. Consequently, the imperative to address this concern centers on the reduction and comprehensive resource utilization of raw mustard waste (RMW). To achieve complete and quantitative resource utilization of RMW, this study employs novel technology integration for optimizing its higher-value applications. RESULTS Initially, subcritical hydrothermal technology was applied for rapid decomposition, with subsequent ammonia nitrogen removal via zeolite. Thereafter, photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, were employed to maximize hydrogen and methane gas production using various fermentation enhancement agents. Subsequent solid-liquid separation yielded liquid fertilizer from the fermented liquid and soil amendment from solid fermentation remnants. Results indicate that the highest glucose yield (29.6 ± 0.14) was achieved at 165-173℃, with a total sugar content of 50.2 g/L and 64% glucose proportion. Optimal ammonia nitrogen removal occurred with 8 g/L zeolite and strain stable growth at 32℃, with the highest OD600 reaching 2.7. Several fermentation promoters, including FeSO4, Neutral red, Na2S, flavin mononucleotide, Nickel titanate, Nickel oxide, and Mixture C, were evaluated for hydrogen production. Notably, Mixture C resulted in the maximum hydrogen production (756 mL), a production rate of 14 mL/h, and a 5-day stable hydrogen production period. Composting experiments enhanced humic acid content and organic matter (OM) by 17% and 15%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This innovative technology not only expedites RMW treatment and hydrogen yield but also substantially enriches soil fertility. Consequently, it offers a novel approach for low-carbon, zero-pollution RMW management. The study's double outcomes extend to large-scale RMW treatment based on the aim of full quantitative resource utilization of RMW. Our method provides a valuable reference for waste management in similar perishable vegetable plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Sichuan Communication Surveying and Design Institute Co., LTD, 35 Taisheng North Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - JiaZhen Sun
- China railway academy Co., LTD, No, 118 Xiyuecheng Street, Jinniu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - XiaoJun Xu
- Sichuan Communication Surveying and Design Institute Co., LTD, 35 Taisheng North Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - MingXia Ma
- Sichuan Communication Surveying and Design Institute Co., LTD, 35 Taisheng North Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - YongZhi Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Interligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, 266, Fangzheng Avenue, Shuitu High-tech Park, Beibei, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Interligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, 266, Fangzheng Avenue, Shuitu High-tech Park, Beibei, Chongqing, 400714, China.
| | - HaiFeng Su
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Interligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, 266, Fangzheng Avenue, Shuitu High-tech Park, Beibei, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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Raj N, Selvakumar S, Soundara B, Kulanthaivel P. Sustainable utilization of biopolymers as green adhesive in soil improvement: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:118117-118132. [PMID: 37930565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Throughout history, soil improvement has relied on various additives, from ancient practices using lime and other traditional compounds to modern methods employing geosynthetics and microbial treatments. However, conventional soil admixtures, while effective, often carry significant environmental drawbacks, especially in the case of additives like cement. In response to these environmental concerns, there has been a growing interest in the use of biopolymers as a sustainable alternative for ground improvement. This literature review centers on the properties and performance of biopolymers, addressing their increasing adoption in soil enhancement endeavors. It explores the historical context of soil improvement practices, highlights the contemporary environmental challenges posed by traditional additives, and underscores the emerging trend toward biopolymers as a green adhesive solution. The review further probes into specific biopolymers, examining their characteristics and elucidating how biopolymer-treated soils achieve the desired improvements. In essence, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the historical evolution of soil improvement practices, the current environmental imperatives, and the promising role that biopolymers play in achieving sustainable soil enhancement. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking environmentally friendly alternatives in geotechnical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Raj
- Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - Subburaj Selvakumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India.
| | - Balu Soundara
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Ponnusamy Kulanthaivel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638060, India
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Avramenko M, Nakashima K, Takano C, Kawasaki S. Eco-friendly soil stabilization method using fish bone as cement material. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165823. [PMID: 37517719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The method of soil improvement by calcium phosphate precipitation is a novel, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic technique. Such technology provides advantages over ureolytic induced calcite precipitation (UICP), the most popular and widely used method in the field of geotechnical engineering. In this paper, an investigation of the consolidation of fine and coarse sand samples by enzyme induced calcium phosphate precipitation (EICPP) was carried out. Tuna bones were used as an alternative source of calcium and phosphorus ions, as one of the most popular fish species in Japan and the main source of food industry waste. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the samples after 21 days of daily injection of the solution showed an increase in strength up to 6,05 MPa in fine and up to 4,3 MPa in coarse sand samples. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis were performed to investigate the nature and type of deposition. Analyses confirmed that deposition is composed of brushite with needle-like crystals in the case of Toyoura sand and flower-like crystals in the case of Mikawa sand. SEM-EDS showed a presence of both, calcium, and phosphorus in the precipitate, indicating the presence of calcium phosphate compounds (CPCs). This study reveals that tuna bones are a rich source of calcium and phosphorus for EICPP, which results in a strengthening of silicate soil up to 3.4-6.05 MPa and is able to reduce ammonia emissions by 85.7 % - 97.5 % compared to UICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Avramenko
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | - Chikara Takano
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Sheikh F, Alshameri B, Maqsood Z, Haider A, Hassan J. PET waste management in Pakistan through use of PET shreds as additive in backfill soil. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1239. [PMID: 37736797 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The management of waste plastic bottles is one of the major environmental challenges in the world. Plastic bottles are composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is non-biodegradable, resulting in environmental problems. Various studies have been carried out on the use of waste PET bottles in the form of custom-made strips as a stabilizer. However, no significant research has been carried out on the use of waste PET bottle shreds already available in the market. These shreds do not require any special technology or arrangement for bulk production. In this study, the shear strength of low plastic silty clay was improved using locally available PET shreds, and their prospective application in the backfill soil was investigated. Standard Proctor tests and direct shear tests were conducted on soil stabilized with three different sizes of plastic shreds (2 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm) in four different percentages (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%). Findings revealed that adding PET shreds in 1% content improves the shear strength characteristics. However, the shear strength parameters decrease with further increase in PET shred content. Therefore, PET shreds in 1% content can be added in backfill soil to improve its shear strength. Pakistan needs to construct 0.77 million housing units annually to keep up with its population growth. The statistics of seven major cities of Pakistan show that the PET waste management issue of Pakistan can be resolved by using PET shreds as a backfill additive in only 32% of the new houses required to be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Sheikh
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Badee Alshameri
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zain Maqsood
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Haider
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Hassan
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Xu G, Wu Z, Tian Y, Wang J, Wang X, Cao Y. Effect of in situ vermicomposting combined with biochar application on soil properties and crop yields in the tomato monoculture system. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:87721-87733. [PMID: 37428324 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Vermicompost and biochar have been widely used to improve soil conditions. However, little information is available regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of in situ vermicomposting with biochar (IVB) in monoculture soils. In this study, we estimated the effects of IVB on soil physiochemical and microbial properties, crop yields, and fruit quality under the tomato monoculture system. The soil treatments considered were (i) untreated monoculture soil (MS, control), (ii) MS plus 1.5 t/ha biochar applied to soil surface (MS+1.5BCS), (iii) MS plus 3 t/ha biochar applied to soil surface (MS+3BCS), (iv) MS mixed with 1.5 t/ha biochar (MS+1.5BCM), (v) MS mixed with 3 t/ha biochar (MS+3BCM), (vi) in situ vermicomposting (VC), (vii) VC plus 1.5 t/ha biochar applied to VC surface (VC+1.5BCS), (viii) VC plus 3 t/ha biochar applied to VC surface (VC+3BCS), (ix) VC mixed with 1.5 t/ha biochar (VC+1.5BCM), and (x) VC mixed with 3 t/ha biochar (VC+3BCM). In general, soil pH varied from 7.68 to 7.96 under VC-related treatments. The microbial diversity was much higher in bacterial communities (OTU: 2284-3194, Shannon index: 8.81-9.91) than in fungal communities (OTU: 392-782, Shannon index: 4.63-5.71) in VC-related treatments. Specifically, Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum, followed by Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi, Patescibacteria, Acidobacteriota, Firmicutes, and Myxococcota. It is worth noting that IVB-related treatments could increase the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. In addition, the VC+1.5BCM treatment exhibited the greatest yield (9377.6 kg/667m2) and simultaneously showed higher fruit quality (vitamin C, 28.94 mg/100g; soluble sugar, 20.15%) as compared to other treatments. Our results suggested that in situ vermicomposting with biochar can improve soil properties and enhance both crop yields and fruit quality under the tomato monoculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangya Xu
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeshuai Wu
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitao Wang
- Station of Ningxia Horticulture Technical Extension, Yinchuan, 750001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhuo Wang
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yune Cao
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Chen M, Gowthaman S, Nakashima K, Kawasaki S. Influence of humic acid on microbial induced carbonate precipitation for organic soil improvement. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:15230-15240. [PMID: 36163573 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is one of the most commonly researched topics on biocementation, which achieves cementation of soil particles by carbonate from urea hydrolysis catalyzed by microbial urease. Although most MICP studies are limited to stabilizing sandy soils, more researchers are now turning their interest to other weak soils, particularly organic soils. To stabilize organic soils, the influence of humic substances should be investigated since it has been reported to inhibit urease activity and disrupt the formation of calcium carbonate. This study investigates the effect of humic acid (HA), one fraction of humic substances, on MICP. For this purpose, the effects of HA content on CaCO3 precipitation using three strains and on CaCO3 morphology were examined. The results showed that native species in organic soils were less adversely affected by HA addition than the exogenous one. Another interesting finding is that bacteria seem to have strategies to cope with harsh conditions with HA. Observation of CaCO3 morphology revealed that the crystallization process was hindered by HA to some extent, producing lots of fine amorphous precipitates and large aggregated CaCO3. Overall, this study could provide an insightful understanding of possible obstacles when using MICP to stabilize organic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Chen
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Sivakumar Gowthaman
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Jaffna, Kilinochchi, 44000, Sri Lanka
| | - Kazunori Nakashima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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12
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Feng Z, Li X, Shao X, Wang L. Preferred injection method and curing mechanism analysis for the curing of loose Pisha sandstone based on microbially induced calcite precipitation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:12005-12019. [PMID: 36103070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a loose rock formation with low lithogenic property, low structural strength, and poor intersand cementation, Pisha sandstone is susceptible to chemical weathering and extreme soil erosion and has become an important source of sediment for the Yellow River. There is limited information available on the conditions of microbial distribution homogeneity under grain-mediated conditions in Pisha sandstones, as well as on the influence of dissolved minerals on calcium carbonate morphological mechanisms. In this paper, microbially induced calcium carbonate deposition was used to reinforce and improve the loose Pisha sandstone. First, the influence laws of the single-phase/self-absorption two-phase injection method and added solvent on the curing indexes such as curing volume, curing depth, calcium carbonate yield, and unconfined compressive strength of the specimens were discussed. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to analyze the microstructure of the cemented sand columns, as well as the mineral phases and distribution of the biomineralization products mechanistically. The results demonstrated that the single-phase injection treatment could only achieve local solidification of the Pisha sandstone sand column, whereas the self-absorption two-phase injection method could result in a more uniform spatial distribution of bacteria and a monolithic specimen, in which the calcium carbonate yield increased with increasing low concentration CaCl2 injection. The compressive strength appeared to increase significantly, and the effect of the applied liquid CO(NH2)2 was not obvious. Montmorillonite underwent dissolution during the mineralization process, eliminating the characteristics of Pisha sandstone swelling in water. Under the effect of biomineralization, calcium carbonate crystals are formed to wrap around the Pisha sandstone particles, changing their particle size and increasing the interparticle roughness. Meanwhile, the interstices between particles are filled via calcium carbonate precipitation, effectively forming cementation points that can significantly improve the strength of the Pisha sandstone. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the application of biomineralization technology in the ecological restoration of Pisha sandstone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Feng
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinhang Shao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Wang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu J, Zhang S, Li E, Zhu Y, Cai H, Xia S, Kong C. Effects of cubic ecological restoration of mining wasteland and the preferred restoration scheme. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158155. [PMID: 35988610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In view of the strong acidity and high heavy metal contents of the soil, the low vegetation cover, and strong soil erosion caused by mining activities, the reasonable determination of the cubic restoration mode is the key to determining the good or bad ecological restoration effects on mining wasteland. In this study, based on field experiments, a combined cubic ecological restoration scheme for soil improvement-vegetation reconstruction was constructed. Using analysis of variance, a regression model, and the Mantel test, the differences in soil properties and the biodiversity were analyzed under different restoration schemes, the entropy-weighted-TOPSIS method was used to optimize the best ecological restoration model. The results revealed that compared with the pre-restoration state, the restoration significantly increased the soil pH (p < 0.05) by 4.07-5.73, regulated the strong acidic environment of the soil, increased the organic matter content by 5.35-11.21 times, and improved the soil fertility. The available contents of Pb and Cd were reduced by 67.15-75.58 % and 64.15-88.68 %, respectively compared with the background values. Biodiversity improved significantly, and the available content of Cd was an important factor in the biodiversity recovery. The evaluation of the effect of the restoration scheme showed that the combination of mixed soil amendments of rice husks and chicken manure (10 kg/m2), bacterial fertilizer (1.8 kg/m2), biochar (1.3 kg/m2), lime (8.3 kg/m2), and soil conditioner (1.0 kg/m2) and tolerant plants (Pinus elliottii, Lagerstroemia indica, and Plantago asiatica) are the optimal cubic ecological restoration scheme for the study area, with a plant survival rate of > 90 %, eight families and 10 species of plants, and a coverage rate of 100 %. These research results provide a scientific basis and technical support for reasonable artificial intervention in ecological restoration of mining waste sites in Nanling, northern Guangdong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Xian 710064, China.
| | - Enwei Li
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yafei Zhu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Huizhen Cai
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Shasha Xia
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Chenchen Kong
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan 232001, China
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14
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He H, Peng M, Lu W, Hou Z, Li J. Commercial organic fertilizer substitution increases wheat yield by improving soil quality. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158132. [PMID: 36007638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional organic fertilizer substitution is an effective measure for increasing crop yield and soil quality while reducing chemical fertilizer input. However, the effects of commercial organic fertilizer substitution (COFS) on soil quality and wheat yield, and the underlying mechanisms, are unknown. In this study, agricultural fields with low fertility (LF) and high (HF) fertility soils were selected for a two-year (2018-2019) field experiment in the oasis region of Northwest China. Three fertilization treatments with three replications (no fertilization, CK; local conventional chemical fertilizer application, LCF; and 20 % of inorganic nitrogen (N) was substituted by commercial organic fertilizer, COFS) were established to study the effects of COFS on wheat growth, yield, nutrient-use efficiency and soil quality. The results showed that compared with LCF in 2018 and 2019, COFS in LF and HF promoted wheat growth, improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), and increased yield (by 1.52 %-3.05 % and 1.16 %-1.39 %) and soil quality (by 15.09 %-28.63 % and 22.53 %-64.82 %) by improving most soil indicators (e.g., soil organic matter (SOM) and available nutrients). Moreover, SOM and available nutrients significantly affect soil quality and wheat yield, which can monitor changes in soil quality and wheat yield. In conclusion, our study revealed that the mechanism of COFS in HF and LF increased wheat yield by improving soil quality. COFS is recommended for agricultural production, but its continuous application requires monitoring changes in SOM and available nutrients to adjust fertilization to guarantee soil quality and crop yield. This study provides guidance for the scientific application of COFS to improve farmland productivity and soil quality and helps to promote healthy and sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China
| | - Mengwen Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China
| | - Weidan Lu
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China
| | - Zhenan Hou
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China.
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15
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Zhu X, Gong W, Li W, Bai X, Zhang C. Reclamation of waste coal gangue activated by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia for mine soil improvement: Solubilizing behavior of bacteria on nutrient elements. J Environ Manage 2022; 320:115865. [PMID: 35944325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coal gangue has occupied the farmland and caused severe pollution to the surrounding environment, which was discharged with vast amount as a by-product of coal mining and washing. A sustainable and ecological microorganism activation method was proposed to disposal coal gangue as mineral fertilizer. A Stenotrophomonas maltophilia YZ1 bacteria was separated and found to be useful in solubilizing nutrient elements in coal gangue. The contents of available P, available K and available Si in the treated coal gangue reached 278.4 mg/kg, 1305.3 mg/kg and 522.7 mg/kg, respectively. The YZ1 bacteria dissolved the minerals of monetite (CaHPO4), muscovite and annite by the organic acids, which were the metabolism product of YZ1 bacteria. The solubilizing mechanisms of phosphate minerals included the release of protic and the chelation of organic acid with calcium. The microbial activation method can provide nutrient elements for soil, which may realize the reclamation of coal gangue in a harmless way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo Henan, 454000, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei, 430081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo Henan, 454000, China
| | - Wenhui Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo Henan, 454000, China
| | - Wang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo Henan, 454000, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei, 430081, China.
| | - Xueyu Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo Henan, 454000, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo Henan, 454000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo Henan, 454000, China
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16
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Islam S, Islam J, Robiul Hoque NM. Improvement of consolidation properties of clay soil using fine-grained construction and demolition waste. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11029. [PMID: 36276755 PMCID: PMC9578996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As urbanization spreads rapidly, more structures are being built, and more construction and demolition waste (CDW) is produced, occupying about 36–40% of the total solid waste generation in the world; hence, CDW has become a burden nowadays. Moreover, the construction of low-rise buildings on weak soil is always challenging and costly due to the soil's high compressibility and low bearing capacity. Sand or other granular materials are commonly used to improve the compressibility behavior and associated settlement, drainage, and shear strength of weak soil. The massive use of natural sand for construction purposes of different civil engineering structures have lessened their reserves in recent times, increasing their price and destroying the balance in the environment. Among the several methods of improving soil, this research uses fine-grained CDW to improve the geotechnical behavior of weak soil under study. The main objective of this research is to observe the changes in soil properties after mixing with CDW. Recycled waste mortar powder has been selected as CDW mixed in different percentages in the soil. In addition, CDW powder was inserted into soil mass as a circular powder column in triangular and square grid patterns as an alternative to the sand column. CDW in the soil samples improved consolidation settlement, and reduced settlement time and compression index. Increments in the pre-consolidation pressure, consolidation rate, and permeability of the clay-CDW mixtures were also remarkable. Soil improvement through reusing CDW is a sustainable way to solve problems in solid waste management and the soft soil settlement issue under a shallow foundation, ultimately reducing the environmental footprints, saving natural resources, and supporting the circular economy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriful Islam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Junaidul Islam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Md. Robiul Hoque
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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17
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Geng N, Kang X, Yan X, Yin N, Wang H, Pan H, Yang Q, Lou Y, Zhuge Y. Biochar mitigation of soil acidification and carbon sequestration is influenced by materials and temperature. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 232:113241. [PMID: 35091299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The alleviation effects on soil acidification by different raw materials and pyrolysis temperatures can broaden the utilization of biochar. In this study, nine types of biochar produced from three raw materials, namely fruit tree branch, peanut shell, and cow dung, at three pyrolysis temperatures (300, 450, and 600 °C) were used to amend acidified brown soil; the rape growth, physiology character, soil chemical and microbial, along with soil organic carbon mineralization were also investigated. The results showed that application of biochar increased soil pH by 8.48-79.25% and reduced exchangeable acidity, exchangeable Al, and exchangeable H by 56.94-94.95%, 34.38-95.66%, and 58.72-93.27%, respectively. Biochar alleviated oxidative stress in plants, reduced malondialdehyde and glutathione content in leaves, promoted rape growth, and increased microbial community diversity and the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Olpidiomycota in the acidic soil. Moreover, biochar reduced the mineralization rate of organic carbon and the proportion of mineral-bonded organic carbon. Overall, biochar application is an effective strategy to ameliorate soil acidification and enhance rape production and carbon sequestration. The mitigation effect of branch biochar and cow dung biochar on soil acidification was superior to that of peanut shell biochar. The effects of biochar depended on the pyrolysis temperature; the positive effects of biochar samples pyrolyzed at 450 and 600 ℃ were stronger than those pyrolyzed at 300 ℃. In this study, the optimum biochar materials and carbonization temperature for acidified soil improvement, as well as the effects of biochar application on soil microbial and carbon mineralization were clarified, which provides a new potential strategy for acidified soil improvement and expand the application range of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Geng
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xirui Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Na Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hong Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Quangang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yanhong Lou
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yuping Zhuge
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an City, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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18
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Maleki-Kakelar M, Azarhoosh MJ, Golmohammadi Senji S, Aghaeinejad-Meybodi A. Urease production using corn steep liquor as a low-cost nutrient source by Sporosarcina pasteurii: biocementation and process optimization via artificial intelligence approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:13767-13781. [PMID: 34599437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To commercialize the biocementation through microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), the current study aimed at replacing the costly standard nutrient medium with corn steep liquor (CSL), an inexpensive bio-industrial by-product, on the production of urease enzyme by Sporosarcina pasteurii (PTC 1845). Multiple linear regression (MLR) in linear and quadratic forms, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and genetic programming (GP) were used for modeling of process based on the experimental data for improving the urease activity (UA). In these models, CSL concentration, urea concentration, nickel supplementation, and incubation time as independent variables and UA as target function were considered. The results of modeling showed that the GP model had the best performance to predict the extent of urease, compared to other ones. The GP model had higher R2 as well as lower RSME in comparison with the models derived from ANFIS and MLR. Under the optimum conditions optimized by GP method, the maximum UA value of 3.6 Mm min-1 was also obtained for 5%v/v CSL concentration, 4.5 g L-1 urea concentration, 0 μM nickel supplementation, and 60 h incubation time. A good agreement between the outputs of GP model for the optimal UA and experimental result was obtained. Finally, a series of laboratory experiments were undertaken to evaluate the influence of biological cementation on the strengthening behavior of treated soil. The maximum shear stress improvement between bio-treated and untreated samples was 292% under normal stress of 55.5 kN as a result of an increase in interparticle cohesion parameters.
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19
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Cui X, Wang J, Wang X, Khan MB, Lu M, Khan KY, Song Y, He Z, Yang X, Yan B, Chen G. Biochar from constructed wetland biomass waste: A review of its potential and challenges. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132259. [PMID: 34543904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland is considered a promising approach for water remediation due to its high efficiency, low operation costs, and ecological benefits, but the large amounts of wetland plant biomass need to be properly harvested and utilized. Recently, wetland plant derived biochar has drawn extensive attention owing to its application potential. This paper provides an updated review on the production and characteristics of wetland plant derived biochar, and its utilization in soil improvement, carbon sequestration, environmental remediation, and energy production. In comparison to hydrothermal carbonization and gasification, pyrolysis is a more common technique to convert wetland plant to biochar. Characteristics of wetland plant biochars varied with plant species, growth environment of plant, and preparation conditions. Wetland plant biochar could be a qualified soil amendment owing to its abundant nutrients. Notably, wetland plant biochar exhibited considerable sorption capacity for various inorganic and organic contaminants. However, the potentially toxic substances (e.g. heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) retained in wetland plant biochar should be noticed before large-scale application. To overcome the drawbacks from the scattered distribution, limited productivity, and seasonal operation of constructed wetlands, the economic feasibility of wetland plant biochar production system could be improved via using mobile pyrolysis unit, utilizing local waste heat, and exploiting all the byproducts. Future challenges in the production and application of wetland plant derived biochar include the continuous supply of feedstock and proper handling of potentially hazardous components in the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kiran Yasmin Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yingjin Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Science Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
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20
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Ahmad A, Chowdhary P, Khan N, Chaurasia D, Varjani S, Pandey A, Chaturvedi P. Effect of sewage sludge biochar on the soil nutrient, microbial abundance, and plant biomass: A sustainable approach towards mitigation of solid waste. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132112. [PMID: 34523464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soils functions, fertility, and microbial abundance may alter in various ways by the biochar amendments to the soil. This study revealed the way of pyrolysis temperature influences the biochar quality and its addition for improving soil properties. The SS biochar was synthesized via pyrolysis and characterized by SEM and FTIR for studying surface images and chemical functional groups. The biochar upon addition with soil was studied for physiological parameters of plants like seed germination index, root length, shoot length, biomass, metal (loid) analysis of soil, SS and SS biochar, total organic content, C: N ratio, NPK values, etc. Besides, combinations of biochar: soil {1:3 (25% + 75%), 1:1 (50% + 50%), and 3:1 (75% + 25%)} ratios were used for studying the effect of biochar on soil microbial community. The 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis revealed the dominance of phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria that influence the soil nutrient cycle when applied at ratio 1:3. This study highlights the valorization of SS into biochar and studied the effect of biochar augmentation with soil; its impact on soil nutrients, microbial abundance, and plant biomass enhancement. The greener approach also mitigates and helps in the sustainable management of solid wastes, thus reducing GHGs emissions and improves nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmad
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nawaz Khan
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepshi Chaurasia
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Transnational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Sharma GK, Khan SA, Shrivastava M, Bhattacharyya R, Sharma A, Gupta DK, Kishore P, Gupta N. Circular economy fertilization: Phycoremediated algal biomass as biofertilizers for sustainable crop production. J Environ Manage 2021; 287:112295. [PMID: 33706096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to meet the demand of water and nutrients by their reuse and recycling to gratify sustainable food production system and resource conservation. Chlorella minutissima was found to be very effective in the removal of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, phosphorous (P), potassium (K), ammonium, nitrate, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of sewage wastewater. We tested the effects of phycoremediated algal biomass addition to soil in field plots of baby corn and spinach, on plant growth, yield and soil chemical properties. The application of 100% nitrogen (N) fertilizer by algal biomass lead to higher economic yield of spinach and baby corn than recommended dose of mineral fertilizers. The available N and P content in experimental plots applied with algae biomass as biofertilizers were significantly higher than other treatments. The soil enzymes, such as urease, nitrate reductase, and dehydrogenase were analysed during the cropping season of baby corn and spinach. The soil supplied with 100% N by algae biomass (C. minutissima) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the dehydrogenase activity in spinach grown soil. While the nitrate reductase activity in soil supplied with algal manure was maximum (0.13 mg NO2-N produced g-1 soil 24 h-1) and significantly higher than other treatments in baby corn grown soil. This study revealed that phycoremediation coupled with biofertilizers production from algae biomass is a recycling and resource conservation exercise to reduce eutrophication, recycling of wastewater, recycling of plant nutrients and improvement of the soil quality in circular economy fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar Sharma
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India; ICAR- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat, 785004, Assam, India.
| | - Shakeel Ahmad Khan
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Manoj Shrivastava
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ranjan Bhattacharyya
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Sharma
- ICAR- Central Potato Research Station, Badshahpur, Jalandhar, 144003, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Gupta
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825411, India
| | - Prabhat Kishore
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Navindu Gupta
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
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22
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Farkas É, Feigl V, Gruiz K, Vaszita E, Fekete-Kertész I, Tolner M, Kerekes I, Pusztai É, Kari A, Uzinger N, Rékási M, Kirchkeszner C, Molnár M. Long-term effects of grain husk and paper fibre sludge biochar on acidic and calcareous sandy soils - A scale-up field experiment applying a complex monitoring toolkit. Sci Total Environ 2020; 731:138988. [PMID: 32438089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is produced from a wide range of organic materials by pyrolysis, specifically for improvement of poor quality soils. One of the main issues nowadays in studying biochar as soil amendment is to upscale experiments and move from short-term, laboratory conditions to long-term field trials. This paper presents a long-term field study, being the final step of a scale-up technology development, on grain husk and paper fibre sludge biochar application for soil improvement with focus on two degraded soil types of a temperate region. The effects of biochar on an acidic and a calcareous sandy agricultural soil were studied applying a complex approach including physico-chemical, biological and ecotoxicological methods. Our study demonstrated that the applied biochar had positive direct and indirect influences on the acidic sandy soil, but these effects were different in terms of extent and time. 30 t/ha biochar addition improved the pH of the acidic sandy soil by 24% and also increased significantly the nutrient concentrations (P2O5 by 68%, K2O by 11% and organic matter by 33%), and the water-holding capacity after 30 months. Furthermore, biochar addition improved also the microbiological activity and diversity in the acidic sandy soil. Biochar application did not induce any negative effects. Biochar had no toxic effect on the plants and the biochar-treated soil provided a more liveable habitat for soil living animals than the untreated acidic sandy soil. The favourable biochar-mediated influences on soil properties were manifested mainly in the acidic sandy soil, proving that the biochar-related advantages have to be verified for different soil types. The benefits of grain husk and paper fibre sludge biochar application in an acidic sandy soil were confirmed on the long term by the applied tiered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Feigl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gruiz
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Emese Vaszita
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Fekete-Kertész
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Mária Tolner
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Ivett Kerekes
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Éva Pusztai
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - András Kari
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Microbiology, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Uzinger
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Herman Ottó street 15, Hungary
| | - Márk Rékási
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Herman Ottó street 15, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kirchkeszner
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Mónika Molnár
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
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23
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Çevikbilen G, Başar HM, Karadoğan Ü, Teymur B, Dağlı S, Tolun L. Assessment of the use of dredged marine materials in sanitary landfills: A case study from the Marmara sea. Waste Manag 2020; 113:70-79. [PMID: 32505977 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide production of large volumes of dredged materials (DMs) has become a pressing environmental problem. In Turkey, the government has yet to develop management strategies that successfully prevent or minimize dumping into the Marmara Sea. One potential solution is the utilization of the DMs as a source of material for earthworks, particularly in sanitary landfills in Istanbul and Kocaeli. The most economically developed cities in Turkey, they were evaluated in terms of potential environmental impacts and regulatory compliance. Five ports/harbors representing specific portions of the study area and different industrial activities were selected as pilot regions. Physical, chemical, mineralogical, toxicological, and leaching potential measurements of DMs dredged from the seabed revealed they qualify as non-hazardous waste. Index and engineering tests performed on raw and processed DMs were assessed to determine the geotechnical requirements for soil-based materials (SBM) used in sanitary landfills. The results showed that non-hazardous DMs could be utilized as a cover, base/cap liner, and/or fill material at various sections within the landfills. This method provides environmental advantages not seen with other management strategies for DMs such as dumping at sea or upland disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Çevikbilen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - H Merve Başar
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Tübitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ümit Karadoğan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Teymur
- Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sönmez Dağlı
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Tübitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Leyla Tolun
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Tübitak Marmara Research Center, Gebze 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey
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24
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Okpara UT, Fleskens L, Stringer LC, Hessel R, Bachmann F, Daliakopoulos I, Berglund K, Blanco Velazquez FJ, Ferro ND, Keizer J, Kohnova S, Lemann T, Quinn C, Schwilch G, Siebielec G, Skaalsveen K, Tibbett M, Zoumides C. Helping stakeholders select and apply appraisal tools to mitigate soil threats: Researchers' experiences from across Europe. J Environ Manage 2020; 257:110005. [PMID: 31989961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil improvement measures need to be ecologically credible, socially acceptable and economically affordable if they are to enter widespread use. However, in real world decision contexts not all measures can sufficiently meet these criteria. As such, developing, selecting and using appropriate tools to support more systematic appraisal of soil improvement measures in different decision-making contexts represents an important challenge. Tools differ in their aims, ranging from those focused on appraising issues of cost-effectiveness, wider ecosystem services impacts and adoption barriers/opportunities, to those seeking to foster participatory engagement and social learning. Despite the growing complexity of the decision-support tool landscape, comprehensive guidance for selecting tools that are best suited to appraise soil improvement measures, as well as those well-adapted to enable participatory deployment, has generally been lacking. We address this gap using the experience and survey data from an EU-funded project (RECARE: Preventing and REmediating degradation of soils in Europe through land CARE). RECARE applied different socio-cultural, biophysical and monetary appraisal tools to assess the costs, benefits and adoption of soil improvement measures across Europe. We focused on these appraisal tools and evaluated their performance against three broad attributes that gauge their differences and suitability for widespread deployment to aid stakeholder decision making in soil management. Data were collected using an online questionnaire administered to RECARE researchers. Although some tools worked better than others across case studies, the information collated was used to provide guiding strategies for choosing appropriate tools, considering resources and data availability, characterisation of uncertainty, and the purpose for which a specific soil improvement measure is being developed or promoted. This paper provides insights to others working in practical soil improvement contexts as to why getting the tools right matters. It demonstrates how use of the right tools can add value to decision-making in ameliorating soil threats, supporting the sustainable management of the services that our soil ecosystems provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uche T Okpara
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Luuk Fleskens
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands.
| | - Lindsay C Stringer
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Rudi Hessel
- Soil, Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands.
| | - Felicitas Bachmann
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ioannis Daliakopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece; School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, 73100, Greece.
| | - Kerstin Berglund
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
| | | | - Nicola Dal Ferro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Jacob Keizer
- Earth Surface Processes Team, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Silvia Kohnova
- Department of Land and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Tatenda Lemann
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Claire Quinn
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Gudrun Schwilch
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Federal Office for the Environment, Soil Section, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Grzegorz Siebielec
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Kamilla Skaalsveen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Frederik A. Dahls vei 20, 1430, Aas, Norway.
| | - Mark Tibbett
- Department of Sustainable Land Management & Soil Research Centre, School of Agricultural Policy and Development, University of Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Christos Zoumides
- Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Cyprus.
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Naeimi M, Haddad A. Environmental impacts of chemical and microbial grouting. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:2264-2272. [PMID: 31776901 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is considered the major environmental challenge for the world. Cement and lime production is a highly energy-consuming, heavily polluting process, and the CO2 emissions are very substantial. Alkaline environment, high temperature, and long processing time lead the researchers to work on alternative soil improvements. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been introduced as a technique for modification of geotechnical properties of sand. The main purpose of the present study was to focus on the efficiency and environmental impact of conventional and microbial grouting. Samples were treated with three chemical stabilizers, namely Portland cement, lime, and cement and lime. The stabilizers were injected with flow gravity and constant head which are almost the same as microbial grouting. Then, the results of conventional grouting were compared with the results of biocement samples which were gathered from previous studies to discuss the efficiency and environmental impacts. The results for treated samples were discussed and compared based on 1 m3 of soil and a final target of 700 kPa. It was found that in order to obtain the same compressive strength, the cost and calcium carbonate consumption of the cement injection method were 2.5 times more than those of the microbial method. Biocementation has some advantages over existing technologies, such as less calcium usage in the same unconfined compressive strength (UCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naeimi
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, AREEO, Tehran, Iran.
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Li Y, Zhang F, Yang M, Zhang J, Xie Y. Impacts of biochar application rates and particle sizes on runoff and soil loss in small cultivated loess plots under simulated rainfall. Sci Total Environ 2019; 649:1403-1413. [PMID: 30308909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing literature suggests that biochar can be used to improve soil fertility and subsequently benefit crop yield. However, the effects of biochar application rates and particle sizes on soil erosion processes have yet to be fully identified. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of biochar with different application rates and particle sizes on soil erosion. Addition of biochar to loess generally increased the mean time to runoff by 19.47% relative to the control. The time to runoff decreased with an increase in the biochar application rates and fluctuated with a decrease in biochar particle sizes. The combined 1% and <0.25 mm biochar treatment yielded the longest time to runoff (2.97 min) and the lowest runoff (36.23 kg m-2 h-1) and soil loss (1.33 kg m-2 min-1). Biochar addition decreased the total runoff volume by 12.21% and generally inhibited soil loss under lower application rates (1% and 3%) while promoting soil loss under higher application rates (5% and 7%). With a decrease in biochar particle size, total runoff volume increased under the 5% and 7% biochar, but no uniform trend was observed under the 1% and 3% biochar treatments. The total soil loss increased with increasing biochar application rates, whereas a negative trend was observed with decreasing biochar particle sizes. The contribution of biochar application rates to runoff and soil loss rates was distinctly greater than the biochar particle sizes. Additionally, biochar addition could increase >2 mm water-stable soil aggregates and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in this study. We inferred that the positive effects on soil and water loss were potentially due to the improvement in >2 mm water-stable soil aggregates and Ksat. The results implied that soil-biochar additions could be a potential measure for conserving soil and water in the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Fengbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Mingyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Jiaqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Yingge Xie
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
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27
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Si L, Peng X, Zhou J. The suitability of growing mulberry (Morus alba L.) on soils consisting of urban sludge composted with garden waste: a new method for urban sludge disposal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:1379-1393. [PMID: 30426369 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient disposal of urban sewage sludge, material that typically contains high concentrations of heavy metals, has become a significant concern worldwide. The empirical purpose of the current study is to investigate physical and chemical parameters of composted sludge and garden waste at different ratios. Results reveal that nutrient content has significantly increased after the application of composts as compared to the controlled sample. Composting garden waste with sewage sludge at a 1:1 ratio promoted plant growth and gradually showed superiority in the later period. The maximum plant height, total biomass, and crown width of mulberry trees increased by 12.1, 33.5, and 45.7%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. The bound to organic matter of Hg, Cr, and Pb in the sewage sludge increased after composting with garden waste, and the mulberry exhibited a high ability to accumulate Ni and Cd from the soil. Conclusively, compared to using the two soil mediums separately, composting garden waste and sewage sludge together is beneficial for soil improvement and vegetation growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Si
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiawei Peng
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Eze S, Palmer SM, Chapman PJ. Soil organic carbon stock in grasslands: Effects of inorganic fertilizers, liming and grazing in different climate settings. J Environ Manage 2018; 223:74-84. [PMID: 29906675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands store about 34% of the global terrestrial carbon (C) and are vital for the provision of various ecosystem services such as forage and climate regulation. About 89% of this grassland C is stored in the soil and is affected by management activities but the effects of these management activities on C storage under different climate settings are not known. In this study, we synthesized the effects of fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) application, liming and grazing regime on the stock of SOC in global grasslands, under different site specific climatic settings using a meta-analysis of 341 datasets. We found an overall significant reduction (-8.5%) in the stock of SOC in global managed grasslands, mainly attributable to grazing (-15.0%), and only partially attenuated by fertilizer addition (+6.7%) and liming (+5.8%), indicating that management to improve biomass production does not contribute sufficient organic matter to replace that lost by direct removal by animals. Management activities had the greatest effect in the tropics (-22.4%) due primarily to heavy grazing, and the least effect in the temperate zone (-4.5%). The negative management effect reduced significantly with increasing mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation in the temperate zone, suggesting that temperate grassland soils are potential C sinks in the face of climate change. For a sustainable management of grasslands that will provide adequate forage for livestock and mitigate climate change through C sequestration, we recommend that future tropical grassland management policies should focus on reducing the intensity of grazing. Also, to verify our findings for temperate grasslands and to better inform land management policy, future research should focus on the impacts of the projected climate change on net greenhouse gas exchange and potential climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Eze
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Sheila M Palmer
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Pippa J Chapman
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
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Zhu X, Chen B, Zhu L, Xing B. Effects and mechanisms of biochar-microbe interactions in soil improvement and pollution remediation: A review. Environ Pollut 2017; 227:98-115. [PMID: 28458251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochars have attracted tremendous attention due to their effects on soil improvement; they enhance carbon storage, soil fertility and quality, and contaminant (organic and heavy metal) immobilization and transformation. These effects could be achieved by modifying soil microbial habitats and (or) directly influencing microbial metabolisms, which together induce changes in microbial activity and microbial community structures. This review links microbial responses, including microbial activity, community structures and soil enzyme activities, with changes in soil properties caused by biochars. In particular, we summarized possible mechanisms that are involved in the effects that biochar-microbe interactions have on soil carbon sequestration and pollution remediation. Special attention has been paid to biochar effects on the formation and protection of soil aggregates, biochar adsorption of contaminants, biochar-mediated transformation of soil contaminants by microorganisms, and biochar-facilitated electron transfer between microbial cells and contaminants and soil organic matter. Certain reactive organic compounds and heavy metals in biochar may induce toxicity to soil microorganisms. Adsorption and hydrolysis of signaling molecules by biochar interrupts microbial interspecific communications, potentially altering soil microbial community structures. Further research is urged to verify the proposed mechanisms involved in biochar-microbiota interactions for soil remediation and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Molnár M, Vaszita E, Farkas É, Ujaczki É, Fekete-Kertész I, Tolner M, Klebercz O, Kirchkeszner C, Gruiz K, Uzinger N, Feigl V. Acidic sandy soil improvement with biochar - A microcosm study. Sci Total Environ 2016; 563-564:855-865. [PMID: 26850860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar produced from a wide range of organic materials by pyrolysis has been reported as a means to improve soil physical properties, fertility and crop productivity. However, there is a lack of studies on the complex effects of biochar both on the degraded sandy soil physico-chemical properties and the soil biota as well as on toxicity, particularly in combined application with fertilizer and compost. A 7-week microcosm experiment was conducted to improve the quality of an acidic sandy soil combining variations in biochar types and amounts, compost and fertilizer application rates. The applied biochars were produced from different feedstocks such as grain husks, paper fibre sludge and wood screenings. The main purpose of the microcosm experiment was to assess the efficiency and applicability of different biochars as soil amendment prior to field trials and to choose the most efficient biochar to improve the fertility, biological activity and physical properties of acidic sandy soils. We complemented the methodology with ecotoxicity assessment to evaluate the possible risks to the soil as habitat for microbes, plants and animals. There was clear evidence of biochar-soil interactions positively affecting both the physico-chemical properties of the tested acidic sandy soil and the soil biota. Our results suggest that the grain husk and the paper fibre sludge biochars applied to the tested soil at 1% and 0.5 w/w% rate mixed with compost, respectively can supply a more liveable habitat for plants and soil living animals than the acidic sandy soil without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Molnár
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary.
| | - Emese Vaszita
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Éva Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Éva Ujaczki
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Fekete-Kertész
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Mária Tolner
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Klebercz
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kirchkeszner
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gruiz
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Uzinger
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó street 15, Hungary
| | - Viktória Feigl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
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Röhrdanz M, Rebling T, Ohlert J, Jasper J, Greve T, Buchwald R, von Frieling P, Wark M. Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass from landscape management - Influence of process parameters on soil properties of hydrochars. J Environ Manage 2016; 173:72-78. [PMID: 26974240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Besides pyrolysis the technology of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is tested to produce hydrochars for soil improvement. The chemical and physical properties of the hydrochars mainly depend on the feedstock and the process parameters reaction time and process temperature. Systematic investigations on the influences of these process parameters on soil properties of hydrochars like water holding capacity (WHC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) are missing. In this study, a rush-rich biomass was carbonized within defined HTC process conditions under variation of reaction time and process temperature to produce hydrochars. Analysis of WHC, CEC, the elemental composition and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were performed to evaluate the influence of HTC process conditions on the pedological hydrochar properties. The results indicated that at increasing reaction severity (reaction time and process temperature) WHC and CEC decreased as well as the elemental O/C ratio. The decrease of WHC and CEC is based on the decrease of the hydrochar surface polarity. However, even the lowest WHC and CEC of investigated hydrochars still exceeded those of pure quartz sand by factors of 5-10. An application of hydrochars produced at severe HTC conditions could improve WHC and CEC of sandy soils. This has to be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Röhrdanz
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Tammo Rebling
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Albrechtstr. 30, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jan Ohlert
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jan Jasper
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Greve
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Buchwald
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Petra von Frieling
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Albrechtstr. 30, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Wark
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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32
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Shaheen SM, Hooda PS, Tsadilas CD. Opportunities and challenges in the use of coal fly ash for soil improvements--a review. J Environ Manage 2014; 145:249-267. [PMID: 25079682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash (CFA), a by-product of coal combustion has been regarded as a problematic solid waste, mainly due to its potentially toxic trace elements, PTEs (e.g. Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb) and organic compounds (e.g. PCBs, PAHs) content. However, CFA is a useful source of essential plant nutrients (e.g. Ca, Mg, K, P, S, B, Fe, Cu and Zn). Uncontrolled land disposal of CFA is likely to cause undesirable changes in soil conditions, including contamination with PTEs, PAHs and PCBs. Prudent CFA land application offers considerable opportunities, particularly for nutrient supplementation, pH correction and ameliorating soil physical conditions (soil compaction, water retention and drainage). Since CFA contains little or no N and organic carbon, and CFA-borne P is not readily plant available, a mixture of CFA and manure or sewage sludge (SS) is better suited than CFA alone. Additionally, land application of such a mixture can mitigate the mobility of SS-borne PTEs, which is known to increase following cessation of SS application. Research analysis further shows that application of alkaline CFA with or without other amendments can help remediate at least marginally metal contaminated soils by immobilisation of mobile metal forms. CFA land application with SS or other source of organic carbon, N and P can help effectively reclaim/restore mining-affected lands. Given the variability in the nature and composition of CFA (pH, macro- and micro-nutrients) and that of soil (pH, texture and fertility), the choice of CFA (acidic or alkaline and its application rate) needs to consider the properties and problems of the soil. CFA can also be used as a low cost sorbent for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater streams; the disposal of spent CFA however can pose further challenges. Problems in CFA use as a soil amendment occur when it results in undesirable change in soil pH, imbalance in nutrient supply, boron toxicity in plants, excess supply of sulphate and PTEs. These problems, however, are usually associated with excess or inappropriate CFA applications. The levels of PAHs and PCBs in CFA are generally low; their effects on soil biota, uptake by plants and soil persistence, however, need to be assessed. In spite of this, co-application of CFA with manure or SS to land enhances its effectiveness in soil improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M Shaheen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Peter S Hooda
- Centre for Earth and Environmental Science Research, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Christos D Tsadilas
- National Agricultural Research Foundation, Institute of Soil Mapping and Classification, 1 Theophrastos Street, 413 35 Larissa, Greece.
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