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Materazzi M, Chari S, Sebastiani A, Lettieri P, Paulillo A. Waste-to-energy and waste-to-hydrogen with CCS: Methodological assessment of pathways to carbon-negative waste treatment from an LCA perspective. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 173:184-199. [PMID: 38000195 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A growing global population and rising living standards are producing ever greater quantities of waste, while at the same time driving ever-larger demand for energy, especially electricity, or new emerging markets, such as hydrogen in more industrialised countries. A key solution to these challenges of waste disposal, rising energy and hydrogen demand is BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage); the generation of bioenergy - in the form of electricity (WtE) or hydrogen (WtH2), as well as heat - from the thermochemical processing of waste. The addition of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to WtE or WtH2 has the potential to make waste a zero or even negative emissions energy source, thus contributing to the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. This work undertakes a pre-screening of different BECCS configurations based on state of the art technologies and then performed an assessment of representative cases in UK for WtE and WtH2, necessary to understand if novel waste thermal treatment processes may become potential alternatives or improvements to current WtE plants when retrofitted with CCS. A systematic and comprehensive examination of different key Life Cycle Assessment methodological aspects reveals the importance of the functional unit and allocation approach in determining the preferred pathway in a specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suviti Chari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Alex Sebastiani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Paola Lettieri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Andrea Paulillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Arena U, Parrillo F, Ardolino F. An LCA answer to the mixed plastics waste dilemma: Energy recovery or chemical recycling? WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:662-675. [PMID: 37865064 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The study focuses on mixed plastics waste (MPW), whose complex and unpredictable composition (due to high polymer heterogeneity, additives, and contaminants) makes its valorisation a true technical, environmental, economic, and regulatory challenge. Chemical recycling by means of advanced thermochemical treatments (ATT) could be a successful strategy, able to support the transition from a carbon intensive to a carbon negative sector, and alternative to the current treatments of energy recovery or mechanical downcycling. Some of these ATTs provide an efficient recovery of valuable resources, such as fuels and chemicals, but their role is mainly limited by time necessary to complete the process optimization and implement the required infrastructures. A reliable identification of the best alternatives is thus crucial. A specific LCA approach quantifies the environmental performances of a selected set of ATT technologies for resource recovery from MPW. It includes plastics-to-energy, by combustion or gasification; plastics-to-methane and plastics-to-hydrogen, by gasification; and plastics-to-oil, by thermal pyrolysis. The results highlight the crucial role of carbon capture and storage (CCS) units, which partially reduces that of the specific thermochemical treatment. The best performances, particularly for Climate Change category, are those of the MPW-to-hydrogen by gasification, followed by those of MPW-to-energy by combustion or gasification, all equipped with CCS. The sensitivity analysis considers the evolution of the European energy mix, characterised by a larger utilisation of renewable energy sources, and highlights the corresponding increased sustainability of chemical recycling by ATTs. This suggests that the MPW dilemma should be definitively solved in a close future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Arena
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Parrillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Filomena Ardolino
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Eloffy MG, Elgarahy AM, Saber AN, Hammad A, El-Sherif DM, Shehata M, Mohsen A, Elwakeel KZ. Biomass-to-sustainable biohydrogen: insights into the production routes, and technical challenges. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Borgogna A, Centi G, Iaquaniello G, Perathoner S, Papanikolaou G, Salladini A. Assessment of hydrogen production from municipal solid wastes as competitive route to produce low-carbon H 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154393. [PMID: 35271922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An economic and CO2 emission impact assessment of the production of H2 from municipal solid waste in the two configurations of retrofitting an existing waste to energy plant with an electrolysis unit (WtE + El) and of hydrogen production via waste gasification (WtH2) is made with respect to reference cases of H2 production by steam reforming of methane (SMR) or of water electrolysis (El). The results are analyzed with reference to two scenarios depending on whether the fate of waste disposal emissions for SMR and El is accounted. The costs of H2 production as a function of waste gate fee and CO2 taxation as well as the CO2 emissions for both scenarios and the four cases of H2 production analyzed are reported. The results show that produce H2 from a WtE plant hybridized with an electrolyzer could be economic only when the plant is free from depreciation costs and no CO2 taxation exists. Conversely, WtH2 solution results preferable when CO2 taxation will be applied to the non-biogenic fraction of waste. Conditions when WtH2 may results competitive to SMR are defined, in terms of both cost of production and CO2 emissions. With respect to El case, WtH2 results more competitive under the assumption made in terms of combined costs and CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Centi
- University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, Dept. ChiBioFarAm, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Iaquaniello
- NextChem/MyreChemical, Via di Vannina 88/94, 00156 Rome, Italy; KT Spa, Via Castello della Magliana 27,00148 Rome, Italy.
| | - Siglinda Perathoner
- University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, Dept. ChiBioFarAm, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Georgia Papanikolaou
- University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, Dept. ChiBioFarAm, viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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He J, Yang Z, Xiong S, Guo M, Yan Y, Ran J, Zhang L. Experimental and thermodynamic study of banana peel non-catalytic gasification characteristics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:369-378. [PMID: 32580104 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Gasification performance of banana peel was examined in a fixed bed reactor. Effect of temperature, steam to carbon ratio (S/C), drying treatment on syngas composition, gas yield, CO2 selectivity and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) were investigated. The influence of temperature and S/C on hydrogen production was investigated by thermodynamic analysis. The transient characteristics of banana peel steam gasification were investigated by monitoring the evolutionary behavior of syngas production. An increase in S/C can lead to an increase in the selectivity of CO2, but excess steam (S/C > 21.7) causes a decrease in H2 yield and CCE. The increase of temperature is beneficial to the increase of CCE, but which leads to a decrease in CO2 selectivity. When S/C = 27.1, the effect of temperature on H2 yield can be divided into CCE control region and CO2 selectivity control region. At temperature < 1023 K, H2 yield is more sensitive to the changes of CCE. While at temperature > 1023 K, CO2 selectivity has a more significant effect on H2 yield. When S/C = 21.7 and temperature is 1023 K, the yield of H2 produced from the fresh banana peel gasification reaches the maximum value (76.1 ml/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Zhongqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Mingnv Guo
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Yunfei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Jingyu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
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Dudek M, Lis B, Lach R, Daugėla S, Šalkus T, Kežionis A, Mosiałek M, Sitarz M, Rapacz-Kmita A, Grzywacz P. Samples of Ba 1-xSr xCe 0.9Y 0.1O 3-δ, 0 < x < 0.1, with Improved Chemical Stability in CO 2-H 2 Gas-Involving Atmospheres as Potential Electrolytes for a Proton Ceramic Fuel Cell. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081874. [PMID: 32316311 PMCID: PMC7216117 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparative studies were performed on variations in the ABO3 perovskite structure, chemical stability in a CO2-H2 gas atmosphere, and electrical conductivity measurements in air, hydrogen, and humidity-involving gas atmospheres of monophase orthorhombic Ba1−xSrxCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ samples, where 0 < x < 0.1. The substitution of strontium with barium resulting in Ba1−xSrxCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ led to an increase in the specific free volume and global instability index when compared to BaCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ. Reductions in the tolerance factor and cell volume were found with increases in the value of x in Ba1−xSrxCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ. Based on the thermogravimetric studies performed for Ba1−xSrxCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ, where 0 < x < 0.1, it was found that modified samples of this type exhibited superior chemical resistance in a CO2 gas atmosphere when compared to BaCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ. The application of broadband impedance spectroscopy enabled the determination of the bulk and grain boundary conductivity of Ba1−xSrxCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ samples within the temperature range 25–730 °C. It was found that Ba0.98Sr0.02Ce0.9Y0.1O3−δ exhibited a slightly higher grain interior and grain boundary conductivity when compared to BaCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ. The Ba0.95Sr0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3−δ sample also exhibited improved electrical conductivity in hydrogen gas atmospheres or atmospheres involving humidity. The greater chemical resistance of Ba1−xSrxCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ, where x = 0.02 or 0.05, in a CO2 gas atmosphere is desirable for application in proton ceramic fuel cells supplied by rich hydrogen processing gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dudek
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (B.L.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bartłomiej Lis
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (B.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Radosław Lach
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (R.L.); (M.S.); (A.R.-K.)
| | - Salius Daugėla
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 9/3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania; (S.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomas Šalkus
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland; (T.Š.); (M.M.)
| | - Algimantas Kežionis
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 9/3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania; (S.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Michał Mosiałek
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland; (T.Š.); (M.M.)
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (R.L.); (M.S.); (A.R.-K.)
| | - Alicja Rapacz-Kmita
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (R.L.); (M.S.); (A.R.-K.)
| | - Przemysław Grzywacz
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (B.L.); (P.G.)
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