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Ye Y, Ghrayeb M, Miercke S, Arif S, Müller S, Mascher T, Chai L, Zaburdaev V. Residual cells and nutrient availability guide wound healing in bacterial biofilms. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1047-1060. [PMID: 38205608 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular heterogeneous bacterial communities characterized by social-like division of labor, and remarkable robustness with respect to external stresses. Increasingly often an analogy between biofilms and arguably more complex eukaryotic tissues is being drawn. One illustrative example of where this analogy can be practically useful is the process of wound healing. While it has been extensively studied in eukaryotic tissues, the mechanism of wound healing in biofilms is virtually unexplored. Combining experiments in Bacillus subtilis bacteria, a model organism for biofilm formation, and a lattice-based theoretical model of biofilm growth, we studied how biofilms recover after macroscopic damage. We suggest that nutrient gradients and the abundance of proliferating cells are key factors augmenting wound closure. Accordingly, in the model, cell quiescence, nutrient fluxes, and biomass represented by cells and self-secreted extracellular matrix are necessary to qualitatively recapitulate the experimental results for damage repair. One of the surprising experimental findings is that residual cells, persisting in a damaged area after removal of a part of the biofilm, prominently affect the healing process. Taken together, our results outline the important roles of nutrient gradients and residual cells on biomass regrowth on macroscopic scales of the whole biofilm. The proposed combined experiment-simulation framework opens the way to further investigate the possible relation between wound healing, cell signaling and cell phenotype alternation in the local microenvironment of the wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Ye
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mnar Ghrayeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Sania Arif
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Müller
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Liraz Chai
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vasily Zaburdaev
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
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Ferrer-Luque CM, Solana C, Aguado B, Baca P, Arias-Moliz MT, Ruiz-Linares M. Efficacy of mixed diclofenac solutions against root canal biofilms. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:530-536. [PMID: 37464569 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of diclofenac sodium solutions, with or without cetrimide (CTR) added, against polymicrobial root canal biofilms grown in dentin specimens. The study groups were: (1) 5% diclofenac sodium (DCS); (2) 2.5% DCS; (3) 2.5% DCS + 0. 2% CTR; (4) 2.5% DCS + 0.4% CTR and (5) 0.9% saline solution (SS) as the control. After 5 min of solution contact with the biofilms, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by means of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Microbial quantification was indicated as the percentage reduction of relative light units (RLUs) for the ATP assay, the Log10 total biovolume and the viability percentage (green cells) for CLSM. Solutions of 2.5% DCS + 0.4% CTR and 5% DCS showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy. Cetrimide increased the antibiofilm activity of diclofenac sodium against endodontic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Maria Ferrer-Luque
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Solana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Baca
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - María Teresa Arias-Moliz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Matilde Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Oliveira IM, Gomes IB, Moniz T, Simões LC, Rangel M, Simões M. Realism-based assessment of the efficacy of potassium peroxymonosulphate on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm control. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132348. [PMID: 37625295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential of pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate) (OXONE) to control biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) was evaluated and compared to chlorine disinfection. Mature biofilms of drinking water (DW)-isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were formed using a simulated DWDS with a rotating cylinder reactor (RCR). After 30 min of exposure, OXONE at 10 × minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) caused a significant 4 log reduction of biofilm culturability in comparison to the unexposed biofilms and a decrease in the number of non-damaged cells below the detection limit (4.8 log cells/cm2). The effects of free chlorine were restricted to approximately 1 log reduction in both biofilm culturability and non-damaged cells. OXONE in synthetic tap water (STW) at 25 ºC was more stable over 40 days than free chlorine in the same conditions. OXONE solution exhibited a disinfectant decrease of about 10% of the initial concentration during the first 9 days, and after this time the values remained stable. Whereas possible reaction of chlorine with inorganic and organic substances in STW contributed to free chlorine depletion of approximately 48% of the initial concentration. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy studies confirmed the presence of singlet oxygen and other free radicals during S. maltophilia disinfection with OXONE. Overall, OXONE constitutes a relevant alternative to conventional DW disinfection for effective biofilm control in DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Oliveira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Moniz
- REQUIMTE, LAQV - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 40169-007 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE, LAQV - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo de Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Chaves Simões
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- REQUIMTE, LAQV - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo de Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Jimoh AA, Booysen E, van Zyl L, Trindade M. Do biosurfactants as anti-biofilm agents have a future in industrial water systems? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1244595. [PMID: 37781531 PMCID: PMC10540235 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1244595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are bacterial communities embedded in exopolymeric substances that form on the surfaces of both man-made and natural structures. Biofilm formation in industrial water systems such as cooling towers results in biofouling and biocorrosion and poses a major health concern as well as an economic burden. Traditionally, biofilms in industrial water systems are treated with alternating doses of oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides, but as resistance increases, higher biocide concentrations are needed. Using chemically synthesized surfactants in combination with biocides is also not a new idea; however, these surfactants are often not biodegradable and lead to accumulation in natural water reservoirs. Biosurfactants have become an essential bioeconomy product for diverse applications; however, reports of their use in combating biofilm-related problems in water management systems is limited to only a few studies. Biosurfactants are powerful anti-biofilm agents and can act as biocides as well as biodispersants. In laboratory settings, the efficacy of biosurfactants as anti-biofilm agents can range between 26% and 99.8%. For example, long-chain rhamnolipids isolated from Burkholderia thailandensis inhibit biofilm formation between 50% and 90%, while a lipopeptide biosurfactant from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was able to inhibit biofilms up to 96% and 99%. Additionally, biosurfactants can disperse preformed biofilms up to 95.9%. The efficacy of antibiotics can also be increased by between 25% and 50% when combined with biosurfactants, as seen for the V9T14 biosurfactant co-formulated with ampicillin, cefazolin, and tobramycin. In this review, we discuss how biofilms are formed and if biosurfactants, as anti-biofilm agents, have a future in industrial water systems. We then summarize the reported mode of action for biosurfactant molecules and their functionality as biofilm dispersal agents. Finally, we highlight the application of biosurfactants in industrial water systems as anti-fouling and anti-corrosion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marla Trindade
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Maillard JY, Centeleghe I. How biofilm changes our understanding of cleaning and disinfection. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:95. [PMID: 37679831 PMCID: PMC10483709 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous in healthcare settings. By nature, biofilms are less susceptible to antimicrobials and are associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Resistance of biofilm to antimicrobials is multifactorial with the presence of a matrix composed of extracellular polymeric substances and eDNA, being a major contributing factor. The usual multispecies composition of environmental biofilms can also impact on antimicrobial efficacy. In healthcare settings, two main types of biofilms are present: hydrated biofilms, for example, in drains and parts of some medical devices and equipment, and environmental dry biofilms (DSB) on surfaces and possibly in medical devices. Biofilms act as a reservoir for pathogens including multi-drug resistant organisms and their elimination requires different approaches. The control of hydrated (drain) biofilms should be informed by a reduction or elimination of microbial bioburden together with measuring biofilm regrowth time. The control of DSB should be measured by a combination of a reduction or elimination in microbial bioburden on surfaces together with a decrease in bacterial transfer post-intervention. Failure to control biofilms increases the risk for HAI, but biofilms are not solely responsible for disinfection failure or shortcoming. The limited number of standardised biofilm efficacy tests is a hindrance for end users and manufacturers, whilst in Europe there are no approved standard protocols. Education of stakeholders about biofilms and ad hoc efficacy tests, often academic in nature, is thus paramount, to achieve a better control of biofilms in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Maillard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK.
| | - Isabella Centeleghe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
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Maliszewska I, Goldeman W. Increasing photoeradication's efficiency of Acinetobacter baumannii by polyphosphonic chelating agents. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103672. [PMID: 37364665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP), nitrilotri(methylphosphonic acid (ATMP) and zoledronic acid were studied to enhance the methylene blue-mediated photodynamic inactivation of Acinetobacter baumannii. Laser light (wavelength 638 nm; standard light output 40 mW) was used in all experiment. Planktonic cultures were irradiated for 10, 20 and 30 min which corresponded to the light dose of 63 Jcm‒ 2, 126 Jcm‒2 and 189 Jcm‒2. Biocidal effect depended on the exposure time and it was shown that MB alone caused the highest reduction in the number of viable cells by 3.10 ± 0.2 log10 units after 30 min of irradiation. A significantly more effective killing effect was achieved when the bacteria were pre-treated with zoledronate, ATMP, or EDTMP (prior to photosensitisation) as the number of viable bacteria was reduced by 4.04±0.2 log10, 3.95±0.2 log10 and 4.01 ± 0.2 log10, respectively. The photo-killing effect caused by MB against biofilm pre-incubated with zoledronate, ATMP, or EDTMP and the number of viable bacteria was reduced by 0.80±0.1 log10, 1.25±0.05 log10 and 0.65±0.05 log10, respectively. Polyphosphonic chelating agents increased the efficiency of photo-destruction of A. baumannii by increasing the amount of bound photosensitizer by planktonic cells and biofilm, and increasing the detachment of live planktonic cells from the biofilm. The presence of glucose in the photosensitizing system significantly affected the bacterial photo-elimination. Pre-incubation of planktonic bacteria with the studied polyphosphonic chelating agents in the presence of glucose, and then exposure to light (with MB) for 30 min caused the lethal effect. This photo-eradication protocol (in the case of biofilms) reduced the number of viable bacteria by 2.05±0.2 log10, 3.2±0.2 log10 and 2.02±0.2 log10 for zoledronic acid, ATMP and EDTMP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maliszewska
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wrocław 50-370, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wrocław 50-370, Poland
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Shteindel N, Silberbush A, Gerchman Y. Effect of Drinking Water Salt Content on the Interaction between Surfactants and Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0101123. [PMID: 37409938 PMCID: PMC10433808 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01011-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a common surfactant used in various hygienic products. Its interactions with bacteria were studied previously, but the three-way interaction between surfactants, bacteria, and dissolved salts in the context of bacterial adhesion has not been studied. Here, we examined the combined effects of SDS (at concentrations typical of everyday hygienic activities) and salts, sodium chloride, and calcium chloride (at concentrations typically found in tap water) on the adhesion behavior of the common opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found that bacterial adhesion in the absence of SDS was dependent on the cation concentration rather than the total ionic strength and that combined treatment with several millimolar NaCl and SDS can increase bacterial adhesion. The addition of low concentrations of SDS (2 mM) to tens to hundreds millimolar concentrations of NaCl, typical of systems that suffer seawater incursion, reduced bacterial adhesion dramatically. Combined treatment with Ca+2 (in concentrations typical of those found in hard water) and SDS produced a small increase in total adhesion but a dramatic increase in the strength of adhesion. We conclude that the type and concentration of salts in water can have a considerable effect on the efficacy of soap in reducing bacterial adhesion and should be taken under consideration in critical applications. IMPORTANCE Surface-adhering bacteria are a reoccurring problem in many settings, including households, municipal water systems, food production facilities, and hospitals. Surfactants, and specifically sodium dodecyl sulfate (also known as SDS/SLS), are commonly used to remove bacterial contamination, but data regarding the interaction of SDS with bacteria and especially the effects of water-dissolved salts on this interaction are lacking. Here, we show that calcium and sodium ions can dramatically affect the efficacy of SDS on bacterial adhesion behavior and conclude that salt concentrations and ion species in the water supply should be considered in SDS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Shteindel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Silberbush
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Oranim College of Education, Tivon, Israel
- The Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Ballal NV, Narkedamalli R, Gandhi P, Arias-Moliz MT, Baca P, Das S, Varghese J, Gaonkar SL, Rao BSS, Frazier J, Bergeron BE, Tay FR. Biological and Chemical Properties of 2-in-1 Calcium-chelating and Antibacterial Root Canal Irrigants. J Dent 2023; 134:104526. [PMID: 37100165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the capacity of canal wall smear layer removal, precipitation caused by irrigant interaction, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of three 2-in-1 root canal irrigating solutions METHODS: Forty single-rooted teeth were mechanically instrumented and irrigated with QMix, SmearOFF, Irritrol or 0.9% saline. Each tooth was evaluated for smear layer removal using scanning electron microscopy. Precipitation after interaction of the irrigating solutions with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was evaluated with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Neutral red and clonogenic assays were performed on Chinese hamster V79 cells to evaluate the short-term and long-term cytotoxicity of the irrigants RESULTS: There was no significant difference between QMix and SmearOFF in eliminating smear layers from the coronal-third and middle-third of the canal spaces. In the apical-third, SmearOFF removed smear layers effectively. Irritrol incompletely removed smear layers from all the canal-thirds. When mixed with NaOCl, precipitation was evident only with Irritrol. QMix demonstrated a higher E. faecalis cell death percentage and a smaller biovolume. SmearOFF exhibited a larger decrease in biovolume compared with Irritrol, although Irritrol had a higher death percentage. Irritrol was more cytotoxic than the other irrigants on a short-term interval. In terms of long-term cytotoxicity, both Irritrol and QMix were cytotoxic CONCLUSION: QMix and SmearOFF performed better in smear layer removal and antimicrobial activity. QMix and Irritrol were cytotoxic when compared to SmearOFF. Irritrol was associated with precipitation after interacting with NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajkumar Narkedamalli
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornika Gandhi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maria Teresa Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Baca
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Stomatology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jothi Varghese
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Laxman Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Joshua Frazier
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Brian E Bergeron
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Reduction of algal wall-growth biofilm for the cultivation of Chlorococcum in photobioreactors using commercial surfactants and floating plastic media. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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DALLAGI H, FAILLE C, GRUESCU C, ALOUI F, BENEZECH T. Foam flow cleaning, an effective and environmentally friendly method for controlling the hygiene of closed surfaces contaminated with biofilms. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang Y, Li T, Xue W, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wang C, Hu W. Physicochemical and Biological Insights Into the Molecular Interactions Between Extracellular DNA and Exopolysaccharides in Myxococcus xanthus Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:861865. [PMID: 35531272 PMCID: PMC9073016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a critical component in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bacterial biofilms, while little is known about the mechanisms underlying how eDNA integrates into the ECM through potential macromolecular interactions. Myxococcus xanthus biofilm was employed as a suitable model for the investigation due to the co-distribution of eDNA and exopolysaccharides (EPS) owing to their direct interactions in the ECM. DNA is able to combine with M. xanthus EPS to form a macromolecular conjugate, which is dominated by the electrostatic forces participating in the polymer-polymer interactions. Without intercalation binding, DNA-EPS interactions exhibit a certain degree of reversibility. Acting as a strong extracellular framework during biofilm formation process, the eDNA-EPS complex not only facilitates the initial cell adhesion and subsequent establishment of ECM architecture, but also renders cells within biofilms stress resistances that are relevant to the survival of M. xanthus in some hostile environments. Furthermore, the EPS protects the conjugated DNA from the degradation by nucleic acid hydrolases, which leads to the continuous and stable existence of eDNA in the native ECM of M. xanthus biofilms. These results will shed light on developing prevention and treatment strategies against biofilm-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuezhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chuandong Wang,
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Wei Hu,
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Thiazolidin-4-Ones as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Experimental and In Silico Evaluation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061930. [PMID: 35335296 PMCID: PMC8954104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report computational and experimental evaluations of the antimicrobial activity of twenty one 2,3-diaryl-thiazolidin-4-ones. All synthesized compounds exhibited an antibacterial activity against six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to different extents. Thus, the MIC was in the range of 0.008-0.24 mg/mL, while the MBC was 0.0016-0.48 mg/mL. The most sensitive bacterium was S. Typhimurium, whereas S. aureus was the most resistant. The best antibacterial activity was observed for compound 5 (MIC at 0.008-0.06 mg/mL). The three most active compounds 5, 8, and 15, as well as compound 6, which were evaluated against three resistant strains, MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, were more potent against all bacterial strains used than ampicillin. The antifungal activity of some compounds exceeded or were equipotent with those of the reference antifungal agents bifonazole and ketoconazole. The best activity was expressed by compound 5. All compounds exhibited moderate to good drug-likeness scores ranging from -0.39 to 0.39. The docking studies indicated a probable involvement of E. coli Mur B inhibition in the antibacterial action, while CYP51 inhibition is likely responsible for the antifungal activity of the tested compounds. Finally, the assessment of cellular cytotoxicity of the compounds in normal human MRC-5 cells revealed that the compounds were not toxic.
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13
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Simões LC, Gomes IB, Sousa H, Borges A, Simões M. Biofilm formation under high shear stress increases resilience to chemical and mechanical challenges. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:1-12. [PMID: 34818957 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.2006189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect that the hydrodynamic conditions under which biofilms are formed has on their persistence is still unknown. This study assessed the behaviour of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms, formed on stainless steel under different shear stress (τw) conditions (1, 2 and 4 Pa), to chemical (benzalkonium chloride - BAC, glutaraldehyde - GLUT and sodium hypochlorite - SHC) and mechanical (20 Pa) treatments (alone and combined). The biofilms formed under different τw showed different structural characteristics. Those formed under a higher τw were invariably more tolerant to chemical and mechanical stresses. SHC was the biocide which caused the highest biofilm killing and removal, followed by BAC. The sequential exposure to biocides and mechanical stress was found to be insufficient for effective biofilm control. A basal layer containing biofilm cells mostly in a viable state remained on the surface of the cylinders, particularly for the 2 and 4 Pa-generated biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Simões
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - I B Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Sousa
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Borges
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gulyuk AV, LaJeunesse DR, Collazo R, Ivanisevic A. Tuning Microbial Activity via Programmatic Alteration of Cell/Substrate Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004655. [PMID: 34028885 PMCID: PMC10167751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide portfolio of advanced programmable materials and structures has been developed for biological applications in the last two decades. Particularly, due to their unique properties, semiconducting materials have been utilized in areas of biocomputing, implantable electronics, and healthcare. As a new concept of such programmable material design, biointerfaces based on inorganic semiconducting materials as substrates introduce unconventional paths for bioinformatics and biosensing. In particular, understanding how the properties of a substrate can alter microbial biofilm behavior enables researchers to better characterize and thus create programmable biointerfaces with necessary characteristics on demand. Herein, the current status of advanced microorganism-inorganic biointerfaces is summarized along with types of responses that can be observed in such hybrid systems. This work identifies promising inorganic material types along with target microorganisms that will be critical for future research on programmable biointerfacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Gulyuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dennis R LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Ramon Collazo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Albena Ivanisevic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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15
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The Effects of Chemical and Mechanical Stresses on Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens Single- and Dual-Species Biofilm Removal. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061174. [PMID: 34072497 PMCID: PMC8228086 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm control is mainly based on chemical disinfection, without a clear understanding of the role of the biocides and process conditions on biofilm removal. This study aims to understand the effects of a biocide (benzyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride-BDMDAC) and mechanical treatment (an increase of shear stress -τw) on single- and dual-species biofilms formed by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens on high-density polyethene (HDPE). BDMDAC effects were initially assessed on bacterial physicochemical properties and initial adhesion ability. Then, mature biofilms were formed on a rotating cylinder reactor (RCR) for 7 days to assess the effects of chemical and mechanical treatments, and the combination of both on biofilm removal. The results demonstrated that the initial adhesion does not predict the formation of mature biofilms. It was observed that the dual-species biofilms were the most susceptible to BDMDAC exposure. The exposure to increasing τw emphasised the mechanical stability of biofilms, as lower values of τw (1.66 Pa) caused high biofilm erosion and higher τw values (17.7 Pa) seem to compress the remaining biofilm. In general, the combination of BDMDAC and the mechanical treatment was synergic in increasing biofilm removal. However, these were insufficient to cause total biofilm removal (100%; an average standard deviation of 11% for the method accuracy should be considered) from HDPE.
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16
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Ionescu AC, Brambilla E, Sighinolfi MC, Mattina R. A new urinary catheter design reduces in-vitro biofilm formation by influencing hydrodynamics. J Hosp Infect 2021; 114:153-162. [PMID: 33932554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the performance of a new catheter design based on different hydrodynamics aiming to reduce the development of biofilm, and compare it with a conventional Foley catheter (FC). METHODS The new proposed design (NPD) catheter is a modification of the FC, based on asymmetric positioning of the balloon and additional drainage holes allowing continuous urine drainage and complete voiding of the bladder. A first experiment was undertaken to assess drainage capability, and a second experiment was performed using a bioreactor with a set-up simulating the bladder and using the test catheter as a flow-through system. The biofilm formation of five bacterial species associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) was determined after 24 h of incubation using an MTT assay. Morphological evaluation was performed using scanning electron microscopy. In-vitro determination of residual fluid, and quantitative and morphological data on biofilm formation on the intravesical and intraluminal parts of the tested catheters were assessed. RESULTS Residual fluid was significantly higher in the FC (5.60 ± 0.43 mL) compared with the NPD catheter (0.2 ± 0.03 mL). The NPD catheter showed significantly less biofilm formation (P<0.0001) than the FC. Catheter design had a variable effect on biofilm formation depending on the bacterial strain tested. There was significantly less intraluminal biomass compared with intravesical biomass in both catheters (P<0.0001). Multi-layered biofilms that covered the FC surfaces completely were seen for all tested strains, while the NPD catheter surfaces showed reduced biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS Modifications of the hydrodynamic characteristics of a catheter can significantly reduce bacterial colonization. Integrated design approaches combining chemical, mechanical and topographical elements can help to reduce the occurrence of CAUTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Brambilla
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M C Sighinolfi
- Department of Urology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - R Mattina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Lee SY, Chan EL, Chan HH, Li CCK, Ooi ZH, Koh RY, Liew YK. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND ANTI-ADHESION MATERIALS FOR MEDICAL AND SURGICAL GLOVES. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.21.79901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be common in healthcare settings, such as the intensive care unit and surgical sites, if proper precautions are not followed. Although traditional techniques are encouraged, such as educating the public and healthcare workers to practice proper handwashing or to double glove, they have not been fully effective in combating HAIs. The use of surface-modified antimicrobial gloves may be an alternative approach to prevent the transmission of pathogens between healthcare workers and patients. This paper gives a comprehensive review of strategies to produce antimicrobial gloves. The chemistry of some potential chemically synthesized antimicrobial agents and nature-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed. The principles of killing microbes must be understood to effectively select these materials and to design and fabricate surfaces for the reduction of bacterial adhesion. Also, current company trends and technologies are presented for gloves proven to effectively kill bacteria. Such glove use, when coupled with in-depth research on diverse surgical procedures and medical examinations, could ease the burden of HAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Yin Lee
- Latex Science and Technology Unit (USTL), Technology and Engineering Division (BTK), RRIM Sungai Buloh Research Station, Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E-Lyn Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Claire Chong Khai Li
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhe Hooi Ooi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Khoon Liew
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Kolokotroni A, Petrou A, Geronikaki A, Ivanov M, Kostic M, Sokovic M, Carazo A, Mladěnka P, Sreeharsha N, Venugopala KN, Nair AB, Elsewedy HS. 5-Benzyliden-2-(5-methylthiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-ones as Antimicrobial Agents. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030309. [PMID: 33802949 PMCID: PMC8002837 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the design, synthesis, computational and experimental evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, as well as docking studies of new 5-methylthiazole based thiazolidinones. All compounds demonstrated antibacterial efficacy, some of which (1, 4, 10 and 13) exhibited good activity against E. coli and B. cereus. The evaluation of antibacterial activity against three resistant strains, MRSA, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, revealed that compound 12 showed the best activity, higher than reference drugs ampicillin and streptomycin, which were inactive or exhibited only bacteriostatic activity against MRSA, respectively. Ten out of fifteen compounds demonstrated higher potency than reference drugs against a resistant strain of E. coli, which appeared to be the most sensitive species to our compounds. Compounds 8, 13 and 14 applied in a concentration equal to MIC reduced P. aeruginosa biofilm formation by more than 50%. All compounds displayed antifungal activity, with compound 10 being the most active. The majority of compounds showed better activity than ketoconazole against almost all fungal strains. In order to elucidate the mechanism of antibacterial and antifungal activities, molecular docking studies on E. coli Mur B and C. albicans CYP51 and dihydrofolate reductase were performed. Docking analysis of E. coli MurB indicated a probable involvement of MurB inhibition in the antibacterial mechanism of tested compounds while docking to 14α-lanosterol demethylase (CYP51) and tetrahydrofolate reductase of Candida albicans suggested that probable involvement of inhibition of CYP51 reductase in the antifungal activity of the compounds. Potential toxicity toward human cells is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (A.G.); Tel.: +96-655-090-9890 (M.H.); +30-230-199-7616 (A.G.)
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Aggeliki Kolokotroni
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (A.G.); Tel.: +96-655-090-9890 (M.H.); +30-230-199-7616 (A.G.)
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Kostic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Heba S. Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
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Maggio F, Rossi C, Chaves-López C, Serio A, Valbonetti L, Pomilio F, Chiavaroli AP, Paparella A. Interactions between L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens in Dual-Species Biofilms under Simulated Dairy Processing Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010176. [PMID: 33467189 PMCID: PMC7829993 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In dairy processing environments, many bacterial species adhere and form biofilms on surfaces and equipment, leading to foodborne illness and food spoilage. Among them, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas spp. could be present in mixed-species biofilms. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens in biofilms simulating dairy processing conditions, as well as the capability of P. fluorescens in co-culture to produce the blue pigment in a Ricotta-based model system. The biofilm-forming capability of single- and mixed-cultures was evaluated on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel (SS) surfaces at 12 °C for 168 h. The biofilm biomass was measured, the planktonic and sessile cells and the carbohydrates in biofilms were quantified. The biofilms were also observed through Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analysis. Results showed that only P. fluorescens was able to form biofilms on PS. Moreover, in dual-species biofilms at the end of the incubation time (168 h at 12 °C), a lower biomass compared to P. fluorescens mono-species was observed on PS. On SS, the biofilm cell population of L. monocytogenes was higher in the dual-species than in mono-species, particularly after 48 h. Carbohydrates quantity in the dual-species system was higher than in mono-species and was revealed also at 168 h. The production of blue pigment by P. fluorescens was revealed both in single- and co-culture after 72 h of incubation (12 °C). This work highlights the interactions between the two species, under the experimental conditions studied in the present research, which can influence biofilm formation (biomass and sessile cells) but not the capability of P. fluorescens to produce blue pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maggio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Food Hygiene Unit, NRL for L. monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Alessio Pio Chiavaroli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-266944
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Abstract
Biofilms are increasingly implicated as playing a major role in waterborne cryptosporidiosis. This review aims to synthesize all currently available data on interactions between Cryptosporidium oocysts and biofilms. Initially described following a waterborne outbreak, the integration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in biofilm has been well demonstrated. Biofilms appear important in the dissemination/protection of oocysts in the environment. Consequently, it has been suggested that substrate-associated biofilms should be systematically considered in oocyst water quality assessment. The influence of physicochemical parameters has been studied on oocyst biofilm retention. Biofilm surface roughness, ionic concentration (especially Ca2+), laminar/turbulent flow, shear stress, and electrostatic repulsion forces appear important to consider regarding oocyst release from biofilm. However, data analysis carried out during this review also revealed important gaps in biological interactions within biofilms, offering many perspectives for future work.
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21
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Bayat F, Maddiboina D, Didar TF, Hosseinidoust Z. Regenerating heavily biofouled dissolved oxygen sensors using bacterial viruses. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8346-8355. [PMID: 35423325 PMCID: PMC8695194 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are aggregates of bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilm formation has always been considered a major challenge for sensors used in underwater measurements, and is a primary source of measurement error, especially when it comes to long-term in situ monitoring. We demonstrate the utility of lytic bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) as a non-invasive strategy for removing bacterial biofilms formed on the gas permeable membrane of electrochemical dissolved oxygen sensors. Our results show that a 4 day Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm with a fully developed matrix significantly affected the sensor signal and response time, decreasing the signal by 32% and increasing the response time by 94%. In addition, measurements with the biofouled membrane had a very low signal to nose ratio compared to a clean sensor membrane. A single dose of overnight phage treatment effectively removed the biofilm (as indicated by scanning electron micrographs and fluorescence images of the membrane), without the need for repeated treatments. Furthermore, the sensor signal that had plummeted by 32% for a fully biofouled membrane, was returned to the original value (7.96 ± 0.27 mg L−1) after phage treatment and the signal to noise ratio (calculated as the ratio of mean to standard deviation) increased 8 folds for a phage-treated membrane compared to a biofouled membrane. Our data indicate near complete regeneration and signal recovery for the dissolved oxygen sensor, making the biofouled sensor reusable without the use of harsh chemicals that could destroy the fragile sensor membrane. Lytic bacteriophages can be utilized as a non-invasive method for removing bacterial biofilms formed on the surface of gas permeable membranes of dissolved oxygen sensors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Bayat
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | | | - Tohid F. Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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22
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All Treatment Parameters Affect Environmental Surface Sanitation Efficacy, but Their Relative Importance Depends on the Microbial Target. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:AEM.01748-20. [PMID: 33097504 PMCID: PMC7755260 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01748-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental sanitation in food manufacturing plants promotes food safety and product microbial quality. However, the development of experimental models remains a challenge due to the complex nature of commercial cleaning processes, which include spraying water and sanitizer on equipment and structural surfaces within manufacturing space. Although simple in execution, the physical driving forces are difficult to simulate in a controlled laboratory environment. Here, we present a bench-scale bioreactor system which mimics the flow conditions in environmental sanitation programs. We applied computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to obtain fluid flow parameters that better approximate and predict industrial outcomes. According to the CFD model, the local wall shear stress achieved on the target surface ranged from 0.015 to 5.00 Pa. Sanitation efficacy on six types of environmental surface materials (hydrophobicity, 57.59 to 88.61°; roughness, 2.2 to 11.9 μm) against two different microbial targets, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and Exophiala species spoilage fungi, were evaluated using the bench-scale bioreactor system. The relative reduction ranged from 0.0 to 0.82 for Exophiala spp., which corresponded to a 0.0 to 2.21 log CFU/coupon reduction, and the relative reduction ranged from 0.0 to 0.93 in L. monocytogenes which corresponded to a 0.0 to 6.19 log CFU/coupon reduction. Although most treatment parameters were considered statistically significant against either L. monocytogenes or Exophiala spp., contact time was ranked as the most important predictor for L. monocytogenes reduction. Shear stress contributed the most to Exophiala spp. removal on stainless steel and Buna-N rubber, while contact time was the most important factor on HDPE (high-density polyethylene), cement, and epoxy.IMPORTANCE Commercial food manufacturers commonly employ a single sanitation program that addresses both bacterial pathogen and fungal spoilage microbiota, despite the fact that the two microbial targets respond differently to various environmental sanitation conditions. Comparison of outcome-based clusters of treatment combinations may facilitate the development of compensatory sanitation regimes where longer contact time or greater force are applied so that lower sanitizer concentrations can be used. Determination of microbiological outcomes related to sanitation program efficacy against a panel of treatment conditions allows food processors to balance tradeoffs between quality and safety with cost and waste stream management, as appropriate for their facility.
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Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111835. [PMID: 33233415 PMCID: PMC7700319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococci are a diverse group of bacteria, which are mostly commensals but also cause a considerable proportion of life-threatening infections. They colonize many different host niches such as the oral cavity, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. While these host compartments impose different environmental conditions, many streptococci form biofilms on mucosal membranes facilitating their prolonged survival. In response to environmental conditions or stimuli, bacteria experience profound physiologic and metabolic changes during biofilm formation. While investigating bacterial cells under planktonic and biofilm conditions, various genes have been identified that are important for the initial step of biofilm formation. Expression patterns of these genes during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth suggest a highly regulated and complex process. Biofilms as a bacterial survival strategy allow evasion of host immunity and protection against antibiotic therapy. However, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated bacteria cause disease are poorly understood. Therefore, advanced molecular techniques are employed to identify gene(s) or protein(s) as targets for the development of antibiofilm therapeutic approaches. We review our current understanding of biofilm formation in different streptococci and how biofilm production may alter virulence-associated characteristics of these species. In addition, we have summarized the role of surface proteins especially pili proteins in biofilm formation. This review will provide an overview of strategies which may be exploited for developing novel approaches against biofilm-related streptococcal infections.
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Giardino L, Bidossi A, Del Fabbro M, Savadori P, Maddalone M, Ferrari L, Ballal NV, Das S, Rao BSS. Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) removal efficacy of several chelating agents. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1093-1110. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Giardino
- School of Dentistry University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia Catanzaro Italy
| | - A. Bidossi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - M. Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - P. Savadori
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - M. Maddalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza Italy
| | - L. Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza Italy
| | - N. V. Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - S. Das
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - B. S. S. Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
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Vollaro A, Esposito A, Esposito EP, Zarrilli R, Guaragna A, De Gregorio E. PYED-1 Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Disrupts the Preformed Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E240. [PMID: 32397205 PMCID: PMC7277567 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxy-3,20-dione-1 (PYED-1), a heterocyclic corticosteroid derivative of deflazacort, exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we investigated the effect of PYED-1 on the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, an etiological agent of biofilm-based chronic infections such as osteomyelitis, indwelling medical device infections, periodontitis, chronic wound infections, and endocarditis. PYED-1 caused a strong reduction in biofilm formation in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, it was also able to completely remove the preformed biofilm. Transcriptional analysis performed on the established biofilm revealed that PYED-1 downregulates the expression of genes related to quorum sensing (agrA, RNAIII, hld, psm, and sarA), surface proteins (clfB and fnbB), secreted toxins (hla, hlb, and lukD), and capsular polysaccharides (capC). The expression of genes that encode two main global regulators, sigB and saeR, was also significantly inhibited after treatment with PYED-1. In conclusion, PYED-1 not only effectively inhibited biofilm formation, but also eradicated preformed biofilms of S. aureus, modulating the expression of genes related to quorum sensing, surface and secreted proteins, and capsular polysaccharides. These results indicated that PYED-1 may have great potential as an effective antibiofilm agent to prevent S. aureus biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vollaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Eliana Pia Esposito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.E.); (R.Z.)
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.E.); (R.Z.)
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Antimicrobial effectiveness of etidronate powder (Dual Rinse ® HEDP) and two EDTA preparations against Enterococcus faecalis: a preliminary laboratory study. Odontology 2020; 108:396-405. [PMID: 32112364 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of two chelating agents: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined or not with detergents, and etidronic acid combined with sterile saline. The bacterial inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively) were determined on Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 4083 strain. Antimicrobial tests were performed on a biofilm model after treatment with the chelating agents at different times (1, 3, and 5 min) using a biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) assays. Quantification of cell biomass and percentage of live and dead cells in the biomass was assessed for each group. The normality of the distributions for each variable was assessed using the D'Agostino and Pearson's omnibus normality test. The comparison of bacterial viability among groups and between any two groups was performed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and the Dunn's test, respectively. No significant between-group difference was observed regarding biomass reduction. On the other hand, EDTA combined with detergents displayed a substantial increase of the dead bacteria ranging between 35 and 43%; whereas, the number of cells killed in the control group and in the other treated groups always ranged between 1 and 6%, at all experimental times. The addition of detergents to EDTA can improve its anti-biofilm activity by reducing EPS production and enhancing the killing of sessile bacterial cells. Clinical relevance EDTA presents a relevant antimicrobial activity when combined with surface-active agents.
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Nickel R, Kazemian MR, Wroczynskyj Y, Liu S, van Lierop J. Exploiting shape-selected iron oxide nanoparticles for the destruction of robust bacterial biofilms - active transport of biocides via surface charge and magnetic field control. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4328-4333. [PMID: 32043517 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms that form on reusable medical devices are a cause of hospital acquired infections; however, sanitization of biofilms is a challenge due to their dense extracellular matrix. This work presents an innovative strategy using biocide-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles transported within the matrix via a magnetic field to eradicate biofilms. Results show that the active delivery of the biocide to underlying cells effectively penetrates the extracellular matrix and inactivates Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms (responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans). To optimize this treatment, the loading of spherical, cubic and tetrapod-shaped nanoparticles with a model biocide, CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) was studied. Biocide loading was determined to be dependent on the shapes' surface charge density instead of the surface area, meaning that biocide attachment is greater for nanoparticles with sharp edges (e.g. cubes and tetrapods). These results can be used to optimize treatment efficacy, and help further understanding of biofilm and nanoparticle surface zeta potentials, and the nanoparticle-biofilm interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Nickel
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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28
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Fagerlund A, Heir E, Møretrø T, Langsrud S. Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilm Removal Using Different Commercial Cleaning Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:E792. [PMID: 32059494 PMCID: PMC7070633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective cleaning and disinfection (C&D) is pivotal for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing environments. Bacteria in biofilms are protected from biocidal action, and effective strategies for the prevention and removal of biofilms are needed. In this study, different C&D biofilm control strategies on pre-formed L. monocytogenes biofilms on a conveyor belt material were evaluated and compared to the effect of a conventional chlorinated, alkaline cleaner (agent A). Bacterial reductions up to 1.8 log were obtained in biofilms exposed to daily C&D cycles with normal user concentrations of alkaline, acidic, or enzymatic cleaning agents, followed by disinfection using peracetic acid. No significant differences in bactericidal effects between the treatments were observed. Seven-day-old biofilms were more tolerant to C&D than four-day-old biofilms. Attempts to optimize biofilm eradication protocols for four alkaline, two acidic, and one enzymatic cleaning agent, in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations, were evaluated. Increased concentrations, the number of subsequent treatments, the exposure times, and the temperatures of the C&D agents provided between 4.0 and >5.5 log reductions in colony forming units (CFU) for seven-day-old L. monocytogenes biofilms. Enhanced protocols of conventional and enzymatic C&D protocols have the potential for improved biofilm control, although further optimizations and evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway; (A.F.); (E.H.); (T.M.)
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29
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Falcón García C, Kretschmer M, Lozano-Andrade CN, Schönleitner M, Dragoŝ A, Kovács ÁT, Lieleg O. Metal ions weaken the hydrophobicity and antibiotic resistance of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:1. [PMID: 31908831 PMCID: PMC6941983 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface superhydrophobicity makes bacterial biofilms very difficult to fight, and it is a combination of their matrix composition and complex surface roughness which synergistically protects these biomaterials from wetting. Although trying to eradicate biofilms with aqueous (antibiotic) solutions is common practice, this can be a futile approach if the biofilms have superhydrophobic properties. To date, there are not many options available to reduce the liquid repellency of biofilms or to prevent this material property from developing. Here, we present a solution to this challenge. We demonstrate how the addition of metal ions such as copper and zinc during or after biofilm formation can render the surface of otherwise superhydrophobic B. subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms completely wettable. As a result of this procedure, these smoother, hydrophilic biofilms are more susceptible to aqueous antibiotics solutions. Our strategy proposes a scalable and widely applicable step in a multi-faceted approach to eradicate biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Falcón García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Kretschmer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Markus Schönleitner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Dragoŝ
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ákos T. Kovács
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Gomes IB, Simões LC, Simões M. Influence of surface copper content on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm control using chlorine and mechanical stress. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1-13. [PMID: 31997661 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1708334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the action of materials with different copper content (0, 57, 96 and 100%) on biofilm formation and control by chlorination and mechanical stress. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from drinking water was used as a model microorganism and biofilms were developed in a rotating cylinder reactor using realism-based shear stress conditions. Biofilms were characterized phenotypically and exposed to three control strategies: 10 mg l-1 of free chlorine for 10 min, an increased shear stress (a fluid velocity of 1.5 m s-1 for 30s), and a combination of both treatments. These shock treatments were not effective in biofilm control. The benefits from the use of copper surfaces was found essentially in reducing the numbers of non-damaged cells. Copper materials demonstrated better performance in biofilm prevention than chlorine. In general, copper alloys may have a positive public health impact by reducing the number of non-damaged cells in the water delivered after chlorine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L C Simões
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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31
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Campana R, Merli A, Verboni M, Biondo F, Favi G, Duranti A, Lucarini S. Synthesis and Evaluation of Saccharide-Based Aliphatic and Aromatic Esters as Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040186. [PMID: 31861227 PMCID: PMC6958352 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A small library of sugar-based (i.e., glucose, mannose and lactose) monoesters containing hydrophobic aliphatic or aromatic tails were synthesized and tested. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds against a target panel of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungi was assessed. Based on this preliminary screening, the antibiofilm activity of the most promising molecules was evaluated at different development times of selected food-borne pathogens (E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. enteritidis). The antibiofilm activity during biofilm formation resulted in the following: mannose C10 > lactose biphenylacetate > glucose C10 > lactose C10. Among them, mannose C10 and lactose biphenylacetate showed an inhibition for E. coli 97% and 92%, respectively. At MICs values, no toxicity was observed on Caco-2 cell line for all the examined compounds. Overall, based on these results, all the sugar-based monoesters showed an interesting profile as safe antimicrobial agents. In particular, mannose C10 and lactose biphenylacetate are the most promising as possible biocompatible and safe preservatives for pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Duranti
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-0722-303501 (A.D.); +39-0722-303333 (S.L.)
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-0722-303501 (A.D.); +39-0722-303333 (S.L.)
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32
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Evaluation of the biological activity of the prepared nonionic polymeric based on the acrylated polyethylene glycol. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vassaux A, Tarayre C, Arguëlles‐Arias A, Compère P, Delvigne F, Fickers P, Jahn L, Lang A, Leclère V, Ludwig‐Müller J, Ongena M, Schafhauser T, Telek S, Théatre A, Berkel WJH, Vandenbol M, Pée K, Willems L, Wohlleben W, Jacques P. Astin C Production by the Endophytic Fungus
Cyanodermella asteris
in Planktonic and Immobilized Culture Conditions. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800624. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vassaux
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
- EA 7394‐ICV‐Institut Charles ViolletteUniversity Lille, INRA, ISA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale F‐59000 Lille France
| | - Cédric Tarayre
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Anthony Arguëlles‐Arias
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Philippe Compère
- Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution et Cellule d'Appui à la Recherche et à l'Enseignement en MicroscopieUniversité de LiègeAllée du Six Ao û t 15 B‐4000 Liege Belgium
| | - Frank Delvigne
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Patrick Fickers
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Linda Jahn
- Institut für BotanikTechnische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Allgemeine BiochemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Valérie Leclère
- EA 7394‐ICV‐Institut Charles ViolletteUniversity Lille, INRA, ISA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale F‐59000 Lille France
| | | | - Marc Ongena
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Thomas Schafhauser
- Mikrobiologie Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und InfektionsmedizinEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Samuel Telek
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Ariane Théatre
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Willem J. H. Berkel
- Laboratory of BiochemistryWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Micheline Vandenbol
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbiologie et Génomique, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Karl‐Heinz Pée
- Allgemeine BiochemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Luc Willems
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
- GIGA Research, Cellular and Molecular EpigeneticsUniversity of LiegeAllée de l'Hôpital 1 B‐4000 Liege Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Mikrobiologie Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und InfektionsmedizinEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Philippe Jacques
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeAvenue de la Faculté d’ Agronomie B‐5030 Gembloux Belgium
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34
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Biofilm aging in full-scale aerobic bioreactors from perspectives of metabolic activity and microbial community. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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35
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Hu Q, Zhou N, Rene ER, Wu D, Sun D, Qiu B. Stimulation of anaerobic biofilm development in the presence of low concentrations of toxic aromatic pollutants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:26-30. [PMID: 30784999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to stimulate biofilm formation in the presence of wastewater containing aromatic compounds with different toxicities (EC50). The results indicated that wastewater with an EC50 value >85% accelerates the attachment of bacteria onto the bio-carriers because the toxic wastewater stimulates the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from the seed sludge. In order to understand the role of EPS on biofilm development, experiments were conducted using the seed sludge, from which the soluble, loosely bound, and tightly bound EPS were removed. The soluble EPS fraction was determined to be crucial for biofilm development. Firmicutes bacterium and Clostridium chromoreductans survived and were enriched in the formed biofilms in our study, which can resist toxic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE - Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dexiu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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36
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Johani K, Malone M, Jensen SO, Dickson HG, Gosbell IB, Hu H, Yang Q, Schultz G, Vickery K. Evaluation of short exposure times of antimicrobial wound solutions against microbial biofilms: from in vitro to in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:494-502. [PMID: 29165561 PMCID: PMC5890786 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Test the performance of topical antimicrobial wound solutions against microbial biofilms using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo model systems at clinically relevant exposure times. Methods Topical antimicrobial wound solutions were tested under three different conditions: (in vitro) 4% w/v Melaleuca oil, polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine and hypochlorous acid were tested at short duration exposure times for 15 min against 3 day mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; (ex vivo) hypochlorous acid was tested in a porcine skin explant model with 12 cycles of 10 min exposure, over 24 h, against 3 day mature P. aeruginosa biofilms; and (in vivo) 4% w/v Melaleuca oil was applied for 15 min exposure, daily, for 7 days, in 10 patients with chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcers complicated by biofilm. Results In vitro assessment demonstrated variable efficacy in reducing biofilms ranging from 0.5 log10 reductions to full eradication. Repeated instillation of hypochlorous acid in a porcine model achieved <1 log10 reduction (0.77 log10, P = 0.1). Application of 4% w/v Melaleuca oil in vivo resulted in no change to the total microbial load of diabetic foot ulcers complicated by biofilm (median log10 microbial load pre-treatment = 4.9 log10 versus 4.8 log10, P = 0.43). Conclusions Short durations of exposure to topical antimicrobial wound solutions commonly utilized by clinicians are ineffective against microbial biofilms, particularly when used in vivo. Wound solutions should not be used as a sole therapy and clinicians should consider multifaceted strategies that include sharp debridement as the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Johani
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Central Military Laboratories and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Malone
- High Risk Foot Service, Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia.,Liverpool Diabetes Collaborative Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - S O Jensen
- Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Antimicrobial Resistance and Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - H G Dickson
- Ambulatory Care Department (PIXI), Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia
| | - I B Gosbell
- Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Antimicrobial Resistance and Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney South West Pathology Service, New South Wales Health Pathology, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Hu
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G Schultz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K Vickery
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Pang X, Yuk HG. Effects of the colonization sequence of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens on survival of biofilm cells under food-related stresses and transfer to salmon. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:142-150. [PMID: 31027768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated how the colonization sequence of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens affects biofilm formation and biofilm cell response to food-related stress (desiccation or disinfection) as well as the transferability of L. monocytogenes to salmon products. The results showed that the colonization sequence did not affect the population of dual species biofilms. Furthermore, survival number of L. monocytogenes was 0.8 log CFU/cm2 higher when P. fluorescens was the first colonizer during desiccation or disinfectant treatment in comparison with dual-species biofilms with other colonization sequences. A lower transfer rate of L. monocytogenes biofilm cells from dual-species biofilms was observed as compared to single species biofilms. In particular, L. monocytogenes cells detached at a slower rate during transfer to 10 slices of salmon from dual-species biofilms first established by P. fluorescens. Confocal images revealed more exopolysaccharide production in dual-speciesbiofilms first established by P. fluorescens than in biofilms generated via other sequences. These results indicate that preexisting P. fluorescens biofilms on stainless steel can enhance resistance of L. monocytogenes to desiccation and disinfection, although this setup decreased the transfer rate of L. monocytogenes to salmon slices. Thus, this study highlights the risk of L. monocytogenes contamination in pre-formed Pseudomonas biofilms at salmon processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Pang
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Huang H, Peng C, Peng P, Lin Y, Zhang X, Ren H. Towards the biofilm characterization and regulation in biological wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1115-1129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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39
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Chawla A, Kumar V. Evaluating the efficacy of different techniques and irrigation solutions for removal of calcium hydroxide from the root canal system: A scanning electron microscope study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:394-400. [PMID: 30122820 PMCID: PMC6080173 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_246_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this scanning electron microscope study was to compare the efficacy of two techniques (EndoVac and EndoActivator) and two irrigating solutions (5.25% NaOCl in combination with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vs. Savlon™) for removal of calcium hydroxide (CH) from the root canal walls. Settings and Design: The study was carried out in the specialty of conservative dentistry and endodontics. Materials and Methods: Forty single-canal human teeth were used. The specimens were de-coronated to obtain a standardized root length of 15 mm using a diamond disk. The canals were instrumented till F3 ProTaper and CH intracanal medicament placed in the root canal. One week later, teeth were randomly divided into one control group and six experimental groups according to different irrigation protocols with different techniques. Statistical Analysis: Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted to analyze the effect of different treatment measures with respect to three regions of tooth. Results: The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the two irrigation solutions and two techniques. Conclusion: To achieve the best adaptation of filling material after root canal treatment, it is crucial to remove intracanal medication from the root canal walls. However, none of the irrigation regimens and different techniques were able to completely remove the CH from the root canal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chawla
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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40
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Gomes IB, Lemos M, Mathieu L, Simões M, Simões LC. The action of chemical and mechanical stresses on single and dual species biofilm removal of drinking water bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:987-993. [PMID: 29728008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) is a global public health concern as they can harbor pathogenic microorganisms. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used disinfectant for microbial growth control in DWDS. However, its effect on biofilm removal is still unclear. This work aims to evaluate the effects of the combination of chemical (NaOCl) and mechanical stresses on the removal of single and dual species biofilms of two bacteria isolated from DWDS and considered opportunistic, Acinectobacter calcoaceticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. A rotating cylinder reactor was successfully used for the first time in drinking water biofilm studies with polyvinyl chloride as substratum. The single and dual species biofilms presented different characteristics in terms of metabolic activity, mass, density, thickness and content of proteins and polysaccharides. Their complete removal was not achieved even when a high NaOCl concentrations and an increasing series of shear stresses (from 2 to 23Pa) were applied. In general, NaOCl pre-treatment did not improve the impact of mechanical stress on biofilm removal. Dual species biofilms were colonized mostly by S. maltophilia and were more susceptible to chemical and mechanical stresses than these single species. The most efficient treatment (93% biofilm removal) was the combination of NaOCl at 175mg·l-1 with mechanical stress against dual species biofilms. Of concern was the high tolerance of S. maltophilia to chemical and mechanical stresses in both single and dual species biofilms. The overall results demonstrate the inefficacy of NaOCl on biofilm removal even when combined with high shear stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Lemos
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Mathieu
- EPHE, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Microbiology for the Environment, UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - L C Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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41
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González-Machado C, Capita R, Riesco-Peláez F, Alonso-Calleja C. Visualization and quantification of the cellular and extracellular components of Salmonella Agona biofilms at different stages of development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200011. [PMID: 29990340 PMCID: PMC6039014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major food-borne pathogen able to persist in food processing environments because of its ability to form biofilms. A Salmonella enterica serotype Agona isolate from poultry (S24) was grown at 37°C in biofilms for up to 144 hours (H144) in attachment to polystyrene surfaces. Biofilm structures were examined at different stages in their development (H3, H24, H48, H72, H96 and H144) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with fluorescent dyes for live cells (SYTO 9), dead cells (propidium iodide), proteins (fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I), lipids (DiD'oil), α-polysaccharides (concanavalin A, tetramethylrhodamine conjugate), and β-polysaccharides (calcofluor white M2R). Strain S24 developed a robust biofilm at H72 (biovolume of 166,852.5 ± 13,681.8 μm3 in the observation field of 16,078.2 μm2). The largest biovolume of live cells was also detected at H72 (128,110.3 ± 4,969.1 μm3), decreasing thereafter, which was probably owing to the detachment of cells prior to a new phase of colonization. The percentage of dead cells with regard to total cells in the biofilms increased throughout the incubation, ranging from 2.3 ± 1.1% (H24) to 44.2 ± 11.0% (H144). Proteins showed the greatest biovolume among the extracellular components within the biofilms, with values ranging from 1,295.1 ± 1,294.9 μm3 (H3) to 19,186.2 ± 8,536.0 μm3 (H96). Maximum biovolume values of 15,171.9 ± 660.7 μm3 (H48), 7,055.3 ± 4,415.2 μm3 (H144), and 2,548.6 ± 1,597.5 μm3 (H72) were observed for β-polysaccharides, α-polysaccharides and lipids, respectively. A strong (P < 0.01) positive correlation was found between the total biovolume of biofilm and the biovolume of live cells, proteins and β-polysaccharides, which may serve as useful markers of biofilm formation. The present work provides new insights into the formation of S. Agona biofilms. Our findings may contribute to the designing of reliable strategies for preventing and removing these bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camino González-Machado
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Félix Riesco-Peláez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Systems Engineering and Automatic Control, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
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Tessier J, Golmohamadi M, Wilkinson KJ, Schmitzer AR. Anti-staphylococcal biofilm activity of miconazoctylium bromide. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4288-4294. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alkylmiconazolium salts possess a high potency to disrupt bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Tessier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Montreal
- Succursale Centre-Ville Montreal
- Canada
| | - Mahmood Golmohamadi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Montreal
- Succursale Centre-Ville Montreal
- Canada
| | - Kevin J. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Montreal
- Succursale Centre-Ville Montreal
- Canada
| | - Andreea R. Schmitzer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Montreal
- Succursale Centre-Ville Montreal
- Canada
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43
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Fish K, Osborn AM, Boxall JB. Biofilm structures (EPS and bacterial communities) in drinking water distribution systems are conditioned by hydraulics and influence discolouration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:571-580. [PMID: 28360007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-quality drinking water from treatment works is degraded during transport to customer taps through the Drinking Water Distribution System (DWDS). Interactions occurring at the pipe wall-water interface are central to this degradation and are often dominated by complex microbial biofilms that are not well understood. This study uses novel application of confocal microscopy techniques to quantify the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and cells of DWDS biofilms together with concurrent evaluation of the bacterial community. An internationally unique, full-scale, experimental DWDS facility was used to investigate the impact of three different hydraulic patterns upon biofilms and subsequently assess their response to increases in shear stress, linking biofilms to water quality impacts such as discolouration. Greater flow variation during growth was associated with increased cell quantity but was inversely related to EPS-to-cell volume ratios and bacterial diversity. Discolouration was caused and EPS was mobilised during flushing of all conditions. Ultimately, biofilms developed under low-varied flow conditions had lowest amounts of biomass, the greatest EPS volumes per cell and the lowest discolouration response. This research shows that the interactions between hydraulics and biofilm physical and community structures are complex but critical to managing biofilms within ageing DWDS infrastructure to limit water quality degradation and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fish
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - A M Osborn
- Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Melbourne VIC3083, Australia
| | - J B Boxall
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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44
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Dostie S, Alkadi LT, Owen G, Bi J, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Larjava HS. Chemotherapeutic decontamination of dental implants colonized by mature multispecies oral biofilm. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:403-409. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Dostie
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Canadian Armed Forces; Petawawa ON Canada
| | - Lubna T. Alkadi
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Dentistry; College of Dentistry; King Abdulaziz Medical City; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Gethin Owen
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jiarui Bi
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hannu S. Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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45
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Tallawi M, Opitz M, Lieleg O. Modulation of the mechanical properties of bacterial biofilms in response to environmental challenges. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:887-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight recent research on the relationship between biofilm matrix composition, biofilm mechanics and environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Tallawi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Madeleine Opitz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
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46
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Tavares LJ, Pavarina AC, Vergani CE, de Avila ED. The impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on peri-implant disease: What mechanisms are involved in this novel treatment? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 17:236-244. [PMID: 27939958 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the American Academy of Implant Dentistry, 3 million Americans have dental implants, and this number is growing by 500,000 each year. Proportionally, the number of biological complications is also increasing. Among them, peri-implant disease is considered the most common cause of implant loss after osseointegration. In this context, microorganisms residing on the surfaces of implants and their prosthetic components are considered to be the primary etiologic factor for peri-implantitis. Some research groups have proposed combining surgical and non-surgical therapies with systemic antibiotics. The major problem associated with the use of antibiotics to treat peri-implantitis is that microorganisms replicate very quickly. Moreover, inappropriate prescription of antibiotics is not only associated with potential resistance but also and most importantly with the development of superinfections that are difficult to eradicate. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was discovered several years ago, aPDT has only recently emerged as a possible alternative therapy against different oral pathogens causing peri-implantitis. The mechanism of action of aPDT is based on a combination of a photosensitizer drug and light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen. The reaction between light and oxygen produces toxic forms of oxygen species that can kill microbial cells. This mechanism is crucial to the efficacy of aPDT. To help us understand conflicting data, it is necessary to know all the particularities of the etiology of peri-implantitis and the aPDT compounds. We believe that this review will draw attention to new insights regarding the impact of aPDT on peri-implant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Jacovassi Tavares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica Dorigatti de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Shin S, Ahmed I, Hwang J, Seo Y, Lee E, Choi J, Moon S, Hong JW. A Microfluidic Approach to Investigating a Synergistic Effect of Tobramycin and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:67-73. [PMID: 26753708 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a microfluidic technology has contributed a significant role in biological research, specifically for the study of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are a source of infections and contamination in the environment due to an extra polymeric matrix. Inadequate uses of antibiotics make the bacterial biofilms antibiotic resistant. Therefore, it is important to determine the effective concentration of antibiotics in order to eliminate bacterial biofilms. The present microfluidic study was carried out to analyze the activities of tobramycin and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms with a continuous flow in order to achieve a greater delivery of the agents. The results show that a co-treatment of tobramycin and SDS significantly reduced the biomass of biofilms (by more than 99%) after 24 h. Tobramycin and SDS killed and detached bacteria in the cores of biofilms. Evidently, our data suggest that a microchannel would be effective for both quantitative and qualitative evaluations in order to test combinatorial effect of drugs and chemicals on a complexed biological system including biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojeong Shin
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University
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48
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Güldas HE, Kececi AD, Cetin ES, Ozturk T, Kaya BÜ. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of cetrimide and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm grown on dentin discs in comparison with NaOCl. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:721-727. [PMID: 27150551 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl, cetrimide, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms on dentine discs. Broth microdilution method was used to determine minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the agents. A biofilm susceptibility assay was performed using E. faecalis biofilms grown on dentine discs. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of NaOCl (0.5%), cetrimide (0.015%), and G. glabra L. extract (0.25%) were applied for 1, 3, and 5 min, and the mean viable cell counts were recorded and statistically analyzed. There was no significant difference between cetrimide and NaOCl at 1 min (p>0.05). NaOCl was the most effective agent at 3 and 5 min (p<0.05) while G. glabra L. extract was the least (p<0.05). The MBCs of NaOCl, cetrimide, and G. glabra that eliminated the planktonic E. faecalis did not eradicate the biofilms grown on dentin discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Egemen Güldas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, University of Süleyman Demirel
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49
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Lemos M, Wang S, Ali A, Simões M, Wilson D. A fluid dynamic gauging device for measuring biofilm thickness on cylindrical surfaces. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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The efficacy of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming and sonic-activated irrigation combined with QMiX solution or sodium hypochlorite against intracanal E. faecalis biofilm. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:335-42. [PMID: 26754179 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) using an Er:YAG laser and sonic-activated irrigation combined with QMiX irrigant or sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis intracanal biofilm. Root canals of 91 human extracted single-canal teeth were instrumented, sterilized, contaminated with E. faecalis and incubated for 15 days. The infected teeth were then randomly distributed into six experimental groups: G1: PIPS/Er:YAG laser (wavelength 2940 nm, pulse energy 20 mJ, 15 Hz, pulse duration 50 μs, energy density 2.06 J/cm(2), 3 × 20 s) with the QMiX irrigant; G2: PIPS/Er:YAG laser-activated 2.5 % NaOCl; G3 sonic-activated irrigation (EndoActivator system) for 60 s with the QMiX irrigant; G4 sonic-activated irrigation for 60 s with 2.5 % NaOCl; G5 30-gauge needle irrigation with the QMiX irrigant; G6 30-gauge needle irrigation with 2.5 % NaOCl. The positive control group was rinsed with sterile saline solution. The root canals were sampled by flushing with saline solution at baseline and after the treatments, serially diluted and cultured. The number of bacteria in each canal was determined by plate count. The presence and the absence of E. faecalis in root canals were demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the pattern of the bacteria colonization was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. There was significant reduction in the bacterial population for all groups (p < 0.001). The best antibacterial efficacy was recorded after sonic-activated irrigation with both NaOCl (99.999 %) and QMiX (99.999 %) and after PIPS with QMiX (99.999 %), which were more effective than conventional irrigation with NaOCl (99.998 %) and the PIPS with the NaOCl (99.966 %). Also, the PIPS with QMiX solution provided the highest number of sterile samples (five). There was no difference in the bacteria reduction between the active irrigation techniques, regardless of the irrigant used. Although the laser activation did not improve the antimicrobial action of the NaOCl nor QMiX, the fact that it generated the greatest number of sterile samples warrants further investigation.
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