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Chen W, Gu Z, He C, Li Q. Molecular Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Unknown Ozonation Byproducts during the Treatment of Flocculated Nanofiltration Leachate Concentrates Using O 3 and UV/O 3 Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20349-20359. [PMID: 37942774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Both ozone (O3) and UV/O3 treatment processes can effectively remove organic matter in the flocculated membrane filtration concentrate from landfill leachate, but the ozonation byproducts (OBPs) generated in the processes remain unknown. Using electrospray ionization-coupled Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS), this study investigated the molecular characteristics of unknown OBPs and their formation mechanisms during the treatment of flocculated nanofiltration concentrate (FNFC) using the O3 and UV/O3 processes. The results showed that after being treated by the O3 and UV/O3 processes, the average value of the oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/Cavg) in the FNFC organic matter increased substantially from 0.49 to 0.61-0.64 and 0.63-0.71, respectively, with an O3 dosage of 13.4-54.4 mg/min. The main OBPs were CHO and CHON compounds, which were mainly produced through oxygenation (+O2/+O3 and -H2+O2), oxidative deamination (-NH3+O2), decyclopropyl (-C3H4), and deisopropyl (-C3H6) reactions. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) can intensify these reactions, resulting in an abundance of OBPs with a high oxidation degree and low molecular weight. OBPs at five m/z values were fragmented and analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry, and abundant hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and carbonyl groups were tentatively identified, presenting a potential toxicity to aquatic organisms. Due to the high molecular diversity of the OBPs in FNFC, their lower ΔGCoxo compared to natural fulvic acid, and potential toxicity, their impact on the water environment should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhepei Gu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
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2
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Song J, Zhao J, Yang C, Liu Y, Yang J, Qi X, Li Z, Shao Z, Wang S, Ji M, Zhai H, Chen Z, Liu W, Li X. Integrated estrogenic effects and semi-volatile organic pollutants profile in secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment effluents in North China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128984. [PMID: 35483267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting effects on aquatic organisms caused by wastewater discharging have raised extensive concerns. However, the efficiency of various wastewater treatment processes to remove estrogenic activity in effluents and the association with organic micropollutants was not well known. We evaluated the estrogenic activity using a well-characterized in vivo bioassay featuring the Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) and analyzed 886 semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in effluents from four secondary wastewater treatment plants (SWTP A-D) and a tertiary wastewater treatment plant (TTP E) that utilized various common treatment processes in northern China. The final effluents from SWTPs and TTP E all exhibited estrogenic effects, increasing male fish plasma vitellogenin (VTG) contents and estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) ratios. Key regulating genes in the male fish liver including vtg1, vtg3, era, erβ, and cyp19a were upregulated. TTP E demonstrated high performance in reducing estrogenic activity in the effluents, with a reduction of 64% in integrative biomarkers of estrogenic response (IBR). UV disinfection at SWTPs removed IBR by 14%- 33%, while ozone disinfection at TTP E did not reduce IBR. Several SVOCs including alkanes, chlorobenzenes, and phthalates, detected at ng/L to µg/L level, significantly correlated with effluent estrogenic activity. Our findings suggest the necessity and the potential means to improve the efficiency of current wastewater treatment approaches to achieve better protection for aquatic organisms against the joint effects of mixtures of various categories of micropollutants in effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zechang Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongyan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Application Progress of O3/UV Advanced Oxidation Technology in the Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Water. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollution is a significant challenge in environmental protection, especially the discharge of refractory organic pollutants in chemical production and domestic use. The biological treatment method of traditional sewage treatment plants cannot degrade such pollutants, which leads to the continuous transfer of these pollutants into the water environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study clean and efficient advanced treatment technologies to degrade organic pollutants. The ozone/UV advanced oxidation process (O3/UV) has attracted extensive attention. This paper summarizes the reaction mechanism of O3/UV and analyzes its application progress in industrial wastewater, trace polluted organic matter and drinking water. The existing research results show that this technology has an excellent performance in the degradation of organic pollutants and has the characteristics of clean and environmental protection. In addition, the control of bromate formation and its economy is evaluated, and its operating characteristics and current application scope are summarized, which has a practical reference value for the follow-up in-depth study of the O3/UV process.
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4
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Agarkoti C, Thanekar PD, Gogate PR. Cavitation based treatment of industrial wastewater: A critical review focusing on mechanisms, design aspects, operating conditions and application to real effluents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113786. [PMID: 34649311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic cavitation (AC) and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) coupled with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are prominent techniques used for industrial wastewater treatment though most studies have focused on simulated effluents. The present review mainly focuses on the analysis of studies related to real industrial effluent treatment using acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation operated individually and coupled with H2O2, ozone, ultraviolet, Fenton, persulfate and peroxymonosulfate, and other emerging AOPs. The necessity of using optimum loadings of oxidants in the various AOPs for obtaining maximum COD reduction of industrial effluent have been demonstrated. The review also presents critical analysis of designs of various HCRs that have been or can be used for the treatment of industrial effluents. The impact of operating conditions such as dilution, inlet pressure, ultrasonic power, pH, and operating temperature have been also discussed. The economic aspects of the industrial effluent treatment have been analyzed. HC can be considered as cost-efficient approach compared to AC on the basis of the lower operating costs and better transfer efficiencies. Overall, HC combined with AOPs appears to be an effective treatment strategy that can be successfully implemented at industrial-scale of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agarkoti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 40019, India
| | - P D Thanekar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 40019, India
| | - P R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 40019, India.
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5
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Achar JC, Nam G, Jung J, Klammler H, Mohamed MM. Microbubble ozonation of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene: Degradation kinetics and toxicity reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109496. [PMID: 32304926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is recognized as a crucial pollutant in aquatic environments, but efforts to achieve its complete removal are without success. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation efficiency of BHT in water using ozone microbubbles (OMB), coupled with toxicity change assessment at sub-lethal BHT concentrations (0.34, 0.45 and 0.90 μM) based on oxidative stress biomarkers in Daphnia magna. The efficiency of OMB on ozone gas mass transfer was assessed and the contribution of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the degradation of BHT was determined using p-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) probe compound and a ·OH radical scavenger (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3). The ozone gas mass transfer coefficient (kLa = 1.02 × 10-2 s-1) was much larger than the ozone self-decomposition rate (kd = 8 × 10-4 s-1) implying little influence of self-decomposing ozone in the volumetric ozone transfer during OMB generation. Generally, OMB improved ozone gas mass transfer (1.3-19-fold) relative to conventional ozone techniques, while indirect reaction of BHT with ·OH was dominant (82%) over the direct reaction with molecular ozone. Addition of 15, 25 and 35 mM Na2CO3 reduced BHT degradation by 30, 50 and 65%, respectively, indicating the significance of ·OH in the degradation of BHT. Increase in initial BHT concentration correspondingly reduced its removal rate by OMB possibly due to increase in metabolites produced during ozonation. Post BHT treatment exposure tests recorded significant (p < 0.05) reductions in oxidative stress (according to enzyme activities changes) in D. magna compared to pretreatment tests, demonstrating the effectiveness of OMB in detoxification of BHT. Overall, the results of the study indicate that OMB is extremely efficient in complete degradation of BHT in water and, consequently, significantly (p < 0.05) reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Collince Achar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwiwoong Nam
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harald Klammler
- Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mohamed M Mohamed
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; National Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Wang Y, Li H, Yi P, Zhang H. Degradation of clofibric acid by UV, O 3 and UV/O 3 processes: Performance comparison and degradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120771. [PMID: 31255848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ozonation (O3) and their combination (UV/O3) were used to decompose clofibric acid (CA). The results show that UV system exhibited a very high CA removal rate (0.20 min-1) but the lowest mineralization (14.8%) accompanied by the formation of more toxic products. Ozonation achieved a much lower removal rate (0.05 min-1) but a higher mineralization efficiency (22.7%) in comparison with UV photolysis. The introduction of UV irradiation into O3 system significantly enhanced the removal rate (0.21 min-1) and the mineralization efficiency (68.2%) of CA. The acute toxicity of the reaction solution to Daphnia magna in the UV/O3 process increased during the first 20 min and then decreased, which illustrates that UV/O3 is an effective and safe method for the removal of CA. The intermediate products were identified by LC-MS analysis and the degradation pathways for all the three processes were proposed. The direct photolysis and hydrous electron reduction contributed to the CA elimination in UV alone process. In O3 alone system, the removal of CA occurred via direct ozone oxidation and indirect free radical oxidation. The free radical, ozone, hydrous electron and direct photolysis were involved in the degradation of CA in the UV/O3 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129(#), Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road 9(#), Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129(#), Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Pan Yi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129(#), Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129(#), Wuhan 430079, China.
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7
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Ye Z, Brillas E, Centellas F, Cabot PL, Sirés I. Electrochemical treatment of butylated hydroxyanisole: Electrocoagulation versus advanced oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Sonochemical and photosonochemical degradation of endocrine disruptor 2-phenoxyethanol in aqueous media. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Tentscher PR, Bourgin M, von Gunten U. Ozonation of Para-Substituted Phenolic Compounds Yields p-Benzoquinones, Other Cyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones, and Substituted Catechols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4763-4773. [PMID: 29560712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic moieties are common functional groups in organic micropollutants and in dissolved organic matter, and are exposed to ozone during drinking water and wastewater ozonation. Although unsubstituted phenol is known to yield potentially genotoxic p-benzoquinone during ozonation, little is known about the effects of substitution of the phenol ring on transformation product formation. With batch experiments employing differing ozone/target compound ratios, it is shown that para-substituted phenols ( p-alkyl, p-halo, p-cyano, p-methoxy, p-formyl, p-carboxy) yield p-benzoquinones, p-substituted catechols, and 4-hydroxy-4-alkyl-cyclohexadien-1-ones as common ozonation products. Only in a few cases did para-substitution prevent the formation of these potentially harmful products. Quantum chemical calculations showed that different reaction mechanisms lead to p-benzoquinone, and that cyclohexadienone can be expected to form if no such pathway is possible. These products can thus be expected from most phenolic moieties. Kinetic considerations showed that substitution of the phenolic ring results in rather small changes of the apparent second order rate constants for phenol-ozone reactions at pH 7. Thus, in mixtures, most phenolic structures can be expected to react with ozone. However, redox cross-reactions between different transformation products, as well as hydrolysis, can be expected to further alter product distributions under realistic treatment scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Tentscher
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 133 , 8600 Duebendorf , Switzerland
| | - Marc Bourgin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 133 , 8600 Duebendorf , Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 133 , 8600 Duebendorf , Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 , Lausanne , Switzerland
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10
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Boutamine Z, Hamdaoui O, Merouani S. Probing the radical chemistry and the reaction zone during the sono-degradation of endocrine disruptor 2-phenoxyethanol in water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:521-526. [PMID: 29137783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sonochemical degradation at 600 kHz of 2-phenoxyethanol (PhE), an endocrine disrupting compound, was performed in the presence of several organic additives, namely: 2-propanol, Triton X-100 and sucrose, of different volatilities to obtain detailed information on the reaction zone and the oxidation pathway of this priority emerging water contaminate. It was found that sonication at 600 kHz and 120 W completely remove PhE (10 mg L-1) from aerated solutions within 100 min of irradiation. Very little removal of PhE (∼7%) and low accumulation of H2O2 took place in the presence of adequate amount of 2-propanol, indicating that reaction with OH radical outside the bubble is the major degradation pathway of PhE. Addition of the hydrophobic surfactant Triton X-100, as an OH-probe for the interfacial region, at 10 and 100 mM reduced the degradation event by 57% and 72% and resulted in more than 50% decrease in the yield of H2O2, confirming that PhE degradation occurs mainly at the bubble/solution interface with hydroxyl radical attack. Addition of the hydrophilic substrate glucose at high doses decreased slightly (∼7%) the degradation of PhE and the formation rate of H2O2, meaning that the bulk of the solution participate marginally in the degradation of the pollutant. Finally, analyzing the degradation rates at various initial PhE concentrations (2-400 mg L-1) with a heterogeneous Langmuir type mechanism underlined the predominance of interfacial radical reactions during the oxidation of PhE, particularly at high initial pollutant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Boutamine
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Slimane Merouani
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Constantine 3, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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11
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Identification of unwanted photoproducts of cosmetic preservatives in personal care products under ultraviolet-light using solid-phase microextraction and micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1390:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Yang Y, Cao H, Peng P, Bo H. Degradation and transformation of atrazine under catalyzed ozonation process with TiO2 as catalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 279:444-51. [PMID: 25106044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of atrazine by heterogeneously catalyzed ozonation was carried out with TiO2 in the form of rutile as the catalyst. Some experimental factors such as catalyst dose, ozone dose and initial concentration of atrazine were investigated for their influence on catalyzed ozonation process. Although atrazine was effectively removed from aqueous solution by catalyzed ozonation process, the mineralization degree only reached 56% at the experimental conditions. Five transformation products were identified by GC/MS analysis. The degradation of atrazine involved de-alkylation, de-chlorination and de-amination. Diaminotriazine and 5-azauracil were the de-chlorinated and de-aminated products, respectively. The evolution of concentration of transformation products during catalyzed ozonation process was compared with uncatalyzed ozonation to show the degradation pathway. Toxicity tests based on the inhibition of the luminescence emitted by Vibrio fisheri indicated the detoxification of atrazine by catalyzed ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yang
- School of Resources and Materials, Qinhuangdao District of Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Research Centre for Process Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Research Centre for Process Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Pai Peng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Hongmiao Bo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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13
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Liu J, Zhou L, Chen JH, Mao W, Li WJ, Hu W, Wang SY, Wang CM. Role of Ozone in UV-C Disinfection, Demonstrated by Comparison between Wild-Type and Mutant Conidia ofAspergillus niger. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:615-21. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
| | - Ji-Hong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Wang Mao
- Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Wen-Jian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Shu-Yang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou China
| | - Chun-Ming Wang
- School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
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14
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Lv J, Li Y, Song Y. Reinvestigation on the ozonation of N-nitrosodimethylamine: Influencing factors and degradation mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:4993-5002. [PMID: 23866137 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), as a new disinfection byproduct, is a potential carcinogen. In this study, we focused on the role of ozone in NDMA degradation. We characterized the removal efficiency, influencing factors and degradation mechanism. Our results demonstrated that ozonation was an efficient process for NDMA degradation. The removal efficiency was affected by initial NDMA concentration; higher NDMA dosing required higher ozone utilization. NDMA oxidation was favored at high ozone dosage and high pH. NDMA ozonation under various pH as well as hydroxyl radical (OH) inhibition experiments verified that OH generated from ozone dominated NDMA oxidation. The main products of NDMA ozonation were methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), nitromethane (NM) and ammonium (AM). Their yields changed with the amount of ozone provided. A NDMA ozonation mechanism was proposed. It is suggested that NDMA degradation is induced by OH attacking through any of four pathways, with oxygen involving in the oxidation process. MA generation was due to OH attacking on amine nitrogen and methyl group. DMA formation was related to OH attacking on nitrosyl nitrogen via a parallel pathway. We speculate that supersaturated dissolved oxygen by ozone decomposition is responsible for NM generation by further oxidation of MA and DMA. AM formation may be favored due to MA degradation under OH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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Kubota T, Toyooka T, Ibuki Y. Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Degraded by Three Different Wavelengths of UV and Their Genotoxic Change-Detected by Generation of γ-H2AX. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:461-7. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kubota
- Institute for Environmental Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka-shi; Shizuoka; Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toyooka
- Institute for Environmental Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka-shi; Shizuoka; Japan
| | - Yuko Ibuki
- Institute for Environmental Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka-shi; Shizuoka; Japan
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16
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Liu X, Chen Z, Wang L, Wu Y, Garoma T. RETRACTED: Degradation of polycyclic musk HHCB in water by O3, UV, and UV/O3. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Onodera S. [Formation mechanism and chemical safety of nonintentional chemical substances present in chlorinated drinking water and wastewater]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:1157-74. [PMID: 20823673 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the formation mechanism and chemical safety of nonintentional chemical substances (NICS) present in chlorine-treated water containing organic contaminants. Undesirable compounds, i.e., NICS, may be formed under certain conditions when chlorine reacts with organic matter. The rate and extent of chlorine consumption with organics are strongly dependent on their chemical structures, particularly whether double bonds or sulfur and nitrogen atoms occur in the molecules. Organothiophosphorus pesticides (P=S type) are easily oxidized to their phosphorus compounds (P=O type) in chlorinated water containing HOCl as little as 0.5 mg/l, resulting in an increase in cholinesterase-inhibitory activity. Chlorination of phenols in water also produces a series of highly chlorinated compounds, including chlorophenols, chloroquinones, chlorinated carboxylic acids, and polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPPs). In some of these chloroquinones, 2,6-dichloroalkylsemiquinones exhibit a strong mutagenic response as do positive controls used in the Ames test. 2-phenoxyphenols in these PCPPs are particularly interesting, as they are present in the chlorine-treated phenol solution and they are also precursors (predioxins) of the highly toxic chlorinated dioxins. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found to undergo chemical changes due to hypochlorite reactions to give chloro-substituted PAHs, oxygenated (quinones) and hydroxylated (phenols) compounds, but they exhibit a lower mutagenic response. In addition, field work was performed in river water and drinking water to obtain information on chemical distribution and their safety, and the results are compared with those obtained in the model chlorination experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukeo Onodera
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
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Kim I, Tanaka H. Use of ozone-based processes for the removal of pharmaceuticals detected in a wastewater treatment plant. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2010; 82:294-301. [PMID: 20432647 DOI: 10.2175/106143009x12487095236630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3)-based processes (O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/UV) were investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals in real wastewater using a bench-scale experimental setup. An ozone dose of 6 mg/L (contact time = 10 minutes) was found to reduce the concentration of most pharmaceuticals detected in secondary effluent. Caffeine, N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and cyclophosphamide were removed with efficiencies of 84, 89, and 46%, respectively, even with a contact time of 15 minutes (O3 dose = 6 mg/L). In the case of the ozone process alone, the concentration of bromate ion in the effluent increased with longer contact time. On the other hand, it was found that the O3/H202 and O3/UV processes can be used as alternative processes for effective removal of pharmaceuticals, while leaving a low residual concentration of dissolved ozone in the system, thereby preventing bromate formation. Water
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilho Kim
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Shiga, Japan.
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Błędzka D, Gryglik D, Miller JS. Photodegradation of butylparaben in aqueous solutions by 254nm irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Qi F, Xu B, Chen Z, Ma J, Sun D, Zhang L. Influence of aluminum oxides surface properties on catalyzed ozonation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole. Sep Purif Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rao YF, Chu W. A new approach to quantify the degradation kinetics of linuron with UV, ozonation and UV/O3 processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:1444-1449. [PMID: 19162292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of linuron, one of phenylurea herbicides, was investigated for its reaction kinetics by different treatment processes including ultraviolet irradiation (UV), ozonation (O3), and UV/O3. The decay rate of linuron by UV/O3 process was found to be around 3.5 times and 2.5 times faster than sole-UV and ozone-alone, respectively. Experimental results also indicate overall rate constants increased exponentially with pH above 9.0 while the increase of rate constants with pH below 9 is insignificant in O3 system. All dominant parameters involved in the three processes were determined in the assistant of proposed linear models in this study. The approach was found useful in predicting the process performances through the quantification of quantum yield (Phi(LNR)) (rate constant for the formation of free radical HOO(.-) from ozone decomposition at high pH), rate constant of linuron with ozone ((k(O3,LNR)), rate constant of linuron with hydroxyl radical (k(OH,LNR)), and alpha (the ratio of the production rate of OH() and the decay rate of ozone in UV/O3 system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Rao
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Research Centre for Urban Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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