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Yang X, Shi Y, Ying G, Li M, He Z, Shu L. Cooperation among nitrifying microorganisms promotes the irreversible biotransformation of sulfamonomethoxine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171395. [PMID: 38447730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, including AOA (ammonia-oxidizing archaea), AOB (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria), and Comammox (complete ammonia oxidization) Nitrospira, have been reported to possess the capability for the biotransformation of sulfonamide antibiotics. However, given that nitrifying microorganisms coexist and operate as communities in the nitrification process, it is surprising that there is a scarcity of studies investigating how their interactions would affect the biotransformation of sulfonamide antibiotics. This study aims to investigate the sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) removal efficiency and mechanisms among pure cultures of phylogenetically distinct nitrifiers and their combinations. Our findings revealed that AOA demonstrated the highest SMM removal efficiency and rate among the pure cultures, followed by Comammox Nitrospira, NOB, and AOB. However, the biotransformation of SMM by AOA N. gargensis is reversible, and the removal efficiency significantly decreased from 63.84 % at 167 h to 26.41 % at 807 h. On the contrary, the co-culture of AOA and NOB demonstrated enhanced and irreversible SMM removal efficiency compared to AOA alone. Furthermore, the presence of NOB altered the SMM biotransformation of AOA by metabolizing TP202 differently, possibly resulting from reduced nitrite accumulation. This study offers novel insights into the potential application of nitrifying communities for the removal of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) in engineered ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Yang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yijing Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guangguo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Ajaz S, Aly Hassan A, Michael RN, Leusch FDL. Removal of organic micropollutants in biologically active filters: A systematic quantitative review of key influencing factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120203. [PMID: 38325285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Biofiltration utilizes natural mechanisms including biodegradation and biotransformation along with other physical processes for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides and industrial compounds found in (waste)water. In this systematic review, a total of 120 biofiltration studies from 25 countries were analyzed, considering various biofilter configurations, source water types, biofilter media and scales of operation. The study also provides a bibliometric analysis to identify the emerging research trends in the field. The results show that granular activated carbon (GAC) either alone or in combination with another biofiltration media can remove a broad range of OMPs efficiently. The impact of pre-oxidation on biofilter performance was investigated, revealing that pre-oxidation significantly improved OMP removal and reduced the empty bed contact time (EBCT) needed to achieve a consistently high OMP. Biofiltration with pre-oxidation had median removals ranging between 65% and >90% for various OMPs at 10-45 min EBCT with data variability drastically reducing beyond 20 min EBCT. Biofiltration without pre-oxidation had lower median removals with greater variability. The results demonstrate that pre-oxidation greatly enhances the removal of adsorptive and poorly biodegradable OMPs, while its impact on other OMPs varies. Only 19% of studies we reviewed included toxicity testing of treated effluent, and even fewer measured transformation products. Several studies have previously reported an increase in effluent toxicity because of oxidation, although it was successfully abated by subsequent biofiltration in most cases. Therefore, the efficacy of biofiltration treatment should be assessed by integrating toxicity testing into the assessment of overall removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ajaz
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruby N Michael
- Green Infrastructure Research Labs (GIRLS), Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhu Z, Chen X, Li Y. Discovery of a novel potential polyphosphate accumulating organism without denitrifying phosphorus uptake function in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168952. [PMID: 38043807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is an effective process for phosphorus removal from wastewater. In this study, two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were used to perform EBPR process, in which genus Propioniciclava was unexpectedly accumulated and its relative abundance was over 70 %. A series of tests were conducted to explore the role of Propioniciclava in the two EBPR systems. The two systems performed steadily throughout the study, and the phosphorus removal efficiencies were 96.6 % and 93.5 % for SBR1 and SBR2, respectively. The stoichiometric analysis related to polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) indicated that polyphosphate accumulating metabolism (PAM) was achieved in the anaerobic phase. It appeared that the Propioniciclava-dominated systems could not perform denitrifying phosphorus removal. Instead, phosphorus was released under anoxic conditions without carbon sources. According to the genomic information from Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) database, Propioniciclava owns ppk1, ppk2 and ppx genes that are associated with phosphorus release and uptake functions. By phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2 (PICRUSt2) analysis, the abundance of genes related to phosphorus metabolism was much higher than that of genes related to denitrification. Therefore, Propioniciclava was presumed to be a potential PAO without denitrifying phosphorus uptake function. In addition to Propioniciclava, Tessaracoccus and Thiothrix were also enriched in both systems. Overall, this study proposes a novel potential PAO and broadens the understanding of EBPR microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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4
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Svahn O, Borg S. Assessment of full-scale 4th treatment step for micro pollutant removal in Sweden: Sand and GAC filter combo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167424. [PMID: 37793453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the 4th treatment step in Degeberga WWTP treatment plant, the first full scale GAC filter in Sweden installed in April 2020 for removal of micropollutants. The two GAC filters, containing two different carbon types, has operated flawlessly for three years (30,000 bed volumes) without requiring backwashing. The results indicate that the sand filter provides effective protection to the carbon filters, preventing solids from reaching the carbon and reducing the growth of organic matter. Additionally substantial biodegradation was observed for several substances. During the first year of operation, the two filters (at 8500 and 5700 bed volumes respectively) achieved >98 % removal of 24 substances. By the end of the second year (at 19,000 and 12,600 bed volumes respectively), fluconazole and sulfamethoxazole broke through completely, and the number of compounds below 80 % removal increased. The average removal of micro pollutants decreased over time. Compounds with positive charges generally exhibited higher adsorption capacities, while negatively charged compounds had lower removals. On average the investigated 24 compounds was removed by 89 % in the 4th treatment step over three years. The study suggests that biodegradation may contribute to the removal of some micropollutants in GAC filters, similar to observations made in the sand filter. Both Swiss and suggested EU regulations aim for at least an 80 % removal in micropollutant concentration. The study evaluated the performance of the filters based on this guideline and the presented technique is after a total of eight years of investigation and evaluation a proven performer. Overall, the 4th treatment combination of sand and GAC filters in WWTPs has shown promising results in removing organic micropollutants, addressing the need for efficient treatment strategies targeting these emerging pollutants. Degeberga WWTP serves as an example of successful implementation of advanced treatment for improving water quality and protecting human and aquatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Svahn
- School of Education and Environment, Division of Natural Sciences, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Borg
- Kristianstad Municipality, 291 29 Kristianstad, Sweden
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Xiang Y, Zhou T, Deng S, Shao Z, Liu Y, He Q, Chai H. Nitrite improved nitrification efficiency and enriched ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 21:100204. [PMID: 38098882 PMCID: PMC10719579 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is effective and energy-saving for wastewater treatment. As an inevitable intermediate product in the SND process, nitrite affects the efficiency of ammonia oxidation and the composition of nitrifiers. To investigate the impact of nitrite on ammonia oxidation efficiency, two reactors performing SND were respectively operated without nitrite (R1 as control) and with 20 mg N/L nitrite addition (R2 as experimental). The total nitrogen removal efficiency was 74.5% in R1 while 99.0% in R2. With nitrite addition (i.e., 20 mg N/L), the ammonia removal rate in R2 increased to 4.5 times of that in R1. The ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) contributed to respective around 46.9% and 41.8% ammonia removal in R2 based on the results of experiments with specific inhibitors. The number of respective AOA and AOB ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) copies increased by 280 and 30 times due to nitrite addition, according to the qPCR results. The high-throughput sequencing results illustrated the increase of dominant AOB species from 0.40% in R1 to 1.59% in R2 and the phylogenetic tree analysis revealed a close link to Nitrosospira multiformis. These results indicated that the ammonia removal efficiency was improved and AOA/AOB were enriched by nitrite addition. The specific nitrite reductases in AOA and AOB boosted the adaptation of nitrite addition. This study demonstrated the positive impacts of nitrite addition on the ammonia removal efficiency and rate in the SND process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Tengzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Siping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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6
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Belete B, Desye B, Ambelu A, Yenew C. Micropollutant Removal Efficiency of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Systematic Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231195158. [PMID: 37692976 PMCID: PMC10492480 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231195158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Various review papers have been published regarding the occurrence and fate of micropollutants (MPs). MPs in the aquatic environment are still not well reviewed to generate comprehensive summaries with a special focus on their removal from wastewater using conventional and advanced treatment processes. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a synopsis of the efficiency of the advanced wastewater treatment plants in the removal of MPs. Materials and methods A systematic search of published literature was conducted on the National Library of Medicine (NLM) database, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) database, Scopus, and Google Scholar, based on studies with evidence of removal of MPs in the wastewater treatment process. Screening of the published articles was made using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Amongst the 1545 studies searched, 21 full-length articles were analyzed that showed 7 treatment options related to the removal of MPs from wastewater. MPs from wastewater effluents were successfully and effectively removed by advanced treatment techniques. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), membrane processes, and adsorption processes have all been shown to be potential solutions for the removal of MPs in advanced treatment plants (WWTPs). But, there are 2 critical issues associated with the application of the advanced treatment options which are high operational cost and the formation of dangerous by-products and concentrated residues. Conclusion This study identified that the removal of MPs using WWTPs was commonly incomplete with varying removal efficiency. Therefore, the adaptation and scale-up of the cost-effective and efficient combined wastewater treatment technology are vital to creating an absolute barrier to MPs emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biniam Belete
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Desye
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Division of Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Chalachew Yenew
- Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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7
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Bernadet O, Larasati A, van Veelen HPJ, Euverink GJW, Gagliano MC. Biological Oxygen-dosed Activated Carbon (BODAC) filters - A bioprocess for ultrapure water production removing organics, nutrients and micropollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131882. [PMID: 37356180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological oxygen-dosed activated carbon (BODAC) filters in an Ultrapure water plant were demonstrated to have the potential to further treat secondary wastewater treatment effluent. The BODAC filters were operated for 11 years without carbon regeneration or replacement, while still functioning as pre-treatment step to reverse osmosis (RO) membranes by actively removing organic micropollutants (OMPs) and foulants. In this study, the removal of nutrients and 13 OMPs from secondary wastewater treatment effluent was investigated for 2 years and simultaneously, the granules' characterization and microbial community analysis were conducted to gain insights behind the stable long-term operation of the BODAC filters. The results showed that the BODAC granules' surface area was reduced by ∼70 % of what is in virgin carbon granules and covered by biofilm and inorganic depositions. The BODAC filters reduced the concentration of soluble organics, mainly proteins, performed as an effective nitrification system, and almost completely removed manganese. During the 2 years of observation, the filters consistently removed some OMPs such as hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, sotalol, and trimethoprim by at least 70 %. Finally, through microbial community analysis, we found that nitrifying and manganese-oxidizing bacteria were detected in high relative abundance on BODAC granules, supporting BODAC performance in removing OMPs and manganese as well as converting nitrogenous species in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bernadet
- Wetsus, Center of European Excellence in Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda Larasati
- Wetsus, Center of European Excellence in Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - H Pieter J van Veelen
- Wetsus, Center of European Excellence in Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Willem Euverink
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus, Center of European Excellence in Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
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8
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Sauter D, Steuer A, Wasmund K, Hausmann B, Szewzyk U, Sperlich A, Gnirss R, Cooper M, Wintgens T. Microbial communities and processes in biofilters for post-treatment of ozonated wastewater treatment plant effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159265. [PMID: 36206900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is an established solution for organic micropollutant (OMP) abatement in tertiary wastewater treatment. Biofiltration is the most common process for the biological post-treatment step, which is generally required to remove undesired oxidation products from the reaction of ozone with water matrix compounds. This study comparatively investigates the effect of filter media on the removal of organic contaminants and on biofilm properties for biologically activated carbon (BAC) and anthracite biofilters. Biofilms were analysed in two pilot-scale filters that have been operated for >50,000 bed volumes as post-treatment for ozonated wastewater treatment plant effluent. In parallel, the removal performance of bulk organics and OMP, including differentiation of adsorption and biotransformation through sodium azide inhibition, were carried out in bench-scale filter columns filled with material from the pilot filters. The use of BAC instead of anthracite resulted in an improved removal of organic bulk parameters, dissolved oxygen, and OMP. The OMP removal observed in the BAC filter but not in the anthracite filter was based on adsorption for most of the investigated compounds. For valsartan, however, biotransformation was found to be the dominant pathway, indicating that conditions for biotransformation of certain OMP are better on BAC than on anthracite. Adenosine triphosphate analyses in the media-attached biofilms of the pilot filters showed that biomass concentrations in the BAC filter were significantly higher than in the anthracite filter. The microbial communities (16S rRNA gene sequencing) appeared to be similar with respect to the types of organisms occurring on both filter materials. Alpha diversity also exhibited little variation between filter media. Beta diversity analysis, however, revealed that filter media and bed depth substantially influenced the biofilm composition. In practice, the impact of filter media on biofilm properties and biotransformation processes should be considered for the design of biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sauter
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Neue Juedenstr. 1, 10179 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Steuer
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Wasmund
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I St, PO12DY Portsmouth, UK
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Szewzyk
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Regina Gnirss
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Neue Juedenstr. 1, 10179 Berlin, Germany
| | - Myriel Cooper
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wintgens
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
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9
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Zhao J, Fang S, Liu G, Qi W, Bai Y, Liu H, Qu J. Role of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the removal of organic micropollutants during simulated riverbank filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119250. [PMID: 36274354 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation plays an important role in the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) during riverbank filtration (RBF) for drinking water production. The ability of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM) to remove OMPs has attracted increasing attention. However, the distribution of AOM in RBF and its role in the degradation of OMPs remains unknown. In this study, the behavior of 128 selected OMPs and the distribution of AOM and their roles in the degradation of OMPs in RBF were explored by column and batch experiments simulating the first meter of the riverbank. The results showed that the selected OMPs were effectively removed (82/128 OMPs, >70% removal) primarily by biodegradation and partly by adsorption. Inefficiently removed OMPs tended to have low molecular weights, low log P, and contain secondary amides, secondary sulfonamides, secondary ketimines, and benzyls. In terms of the microbial communities, the relative abundance of AOM increased from 0.1%-0.2% (inlet-sand) to 5.3%-5.9% (outlet-sand), which was dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea whose relative abundance increased from 23%-72% (inlet-sand) to 97% (outlet-sand). Comammox accounted for 23%-64% in the inlet-sand and 1% in the outlet-sand. The abundances of AOM amoA genes kept stable in the inlet-sand of control columns, while decreased by 78% in the treatment columns, suggesting the inhibition effect of allylthiourea (ATU) on AOM. It is observed that AOM played an important role in the degradation of OMPs, where its inhibition led to the corresponding inhibition of 32 OMPs (5/32 were completely suppressed). In particular, OMPs with low molecular weights and containing primary amides, secondary amides, benzyls, and secondary sulfonamides were more likely to be removed by AOM. This study reveals the vital role of AOM in the removal of OMPs, deepens our understanding of the degradation of OMPs in RBF, and offers valuable insights into the physiochemical properties of OMPs and their AOM co-metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shangbiao Fang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Burzio C, Ekholm J, Modin O, Falås P, Svahn O, Persson F, van Erp T, Gustavsson DJI, Wilén BM. Removal of organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater by aerobic granular sludge and conventional activated sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129528. [PMID: 35999740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Removal performances of organic micropollutants by conventional activated sludge (CAS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were investigated at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Lab-scale kinetic experiments were performed to assess the micropollutant transformation rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. Transformation rates were used to model the micropollutant removal in the full-scale processes. Metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes of the CAS and AGS systems. Higher transformation ability was observed for CAS compared to AGS for most compounds, both at the full-scale plant and in the complementary batch experiments. Oxic conditions supported the transformation of several micropollutants with faster and/or comparable rates compared to anoxic conditions. The estimated transformation rates from batch experiments adequately predicted the removal for most micropollutants in the full-scale processes. While the compositions in microbial communities differed between AGS and CAS, the full-scale biological reactors shared similar resistome profiles. Even though granular biomass showed lower potential for micropollutant transformation, AGS systems had somewhat higher gene cluster diversity compared to CAS, which could be related to a higher functional diversity. Micropollutant exposure to biomass or mass transfer limitations, therefore played more important roles in the observed differences in OMP removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Burzio
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Jennifer Ekholm
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Ola Svahn
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad 29139, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Tim van Erp
- Strömstad Municipality, Wastewater Treatment Plant Österröd, Strömstad 45233, Sweden
| | | | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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11
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Wang J, Poursat BAJ, Feng J, de Ridder D, Zhang C, van der Wal A, Sutton NB. Exploring organic micropollutant biodegradation under dynamic substrate loading in rapid sand filters. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118832. [PMID: 35949068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial removal of trace organic micropollutants (OMPs) from drinking water sources remains challenging. Nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria in rapid sand filters (RSFs) are capable of biodegrading OMPs while growing on ammonia and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The loading patterns of ammonia and DOM may therefore affect microbial activities as well as OMP biodegradation. So far, there is very limited information on the effect of substrate loading on OMP biodegradation at environmentally relevant concentrations (∼ 1 µg/L) in RSFs. We investigated the biodegradation rates of 16 OMPs at various substrate loading rates and/or empty bed contact times (EBCT). The presence of DOM improved the biodegradation of paracetamol (41.8%) by functioning as supplementary carbon source for the heterotrophic degrader, while hindering the biodegradation of 2,4-D, mecoprop and benzotriazole due to substrate competition. Lower loading ratios of DOM/benzotriazole benefited benzotriazole biodegradation by reducing substrate competition. Higher ammonia loading rates enhanced benzotriazole removal by stimulating nitrification-based co-metabolism. However, stimulating nitrification inhibited heterotrophic activity, which in turn inhibited the biodegradation of paracetamol, 2,4-D and mecoprop. A longer EBCT promoted metformin biodegradation as it is a slowly biodegradable compound, but suppressed the biodegradation of paracetamol and benzotriazole due to limited substrate supply. Therefore, the optimal substrate loading pattern is contingent on the type of OMP, which can be chosen based on the priority compounds in practice. The overall results contribute to understanding OMP biodegradation mechanisms at trace concentrations and offer a step towards enhancing microbial removal of OMPs from drinking water by optimally using RSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baptiste A J Poursat
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David de Ridder
- Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Wal
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Yan R, Wang Y, Li J, Wang X, Wang Y. Determination of the lower limits of antibiotic biodegradation and the fate of antibiotic resistant genes in activated sludge: Both nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127764. [PMID: 34799165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics can be biodegraded in activated sludge via co-metabolism and metabolism. In this study, we investigated the biodegradation pathways of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and antibiotic resistant genes' (ARGs) fate in different autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms, by employing aerobic sludge, mixed sludge, and nitrifying sludge. A threshold concentration of SMX activating the degradation pathways in the initial stage of antibiotics degradation was found and proved in different activated sludge systems. Heterotrophic bacteria played an important role in SMX biodegradation. However, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) had a faster metabolic rate, which was about 15 times higher than heterotrophic bacteria, contributing much to SMX removal via co-metabolism. As SMX concentration increases, the amoA gene and AOB relative abundance decreased in aerobic sludge due to the enrichment of functional heterotrophic bacteria, while it increased in nitrifying sludge. Microbial community analysis showed that functional bacteria which possess the capacity of SMX removal and antibiotic resistance were selected by SMX pressure. Potential ARGs hosts could increase their resistance to the biotoxicity of SMX and maintain system performance. These findings are of practical significance to guide antibiotic biodegradation and ARGs control in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yunkun Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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13
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Wang J, Zhang C, Poursat BAJ, de Ridder D, Smidt H, van der Wal A, Sutton NB. Unravelling the contribution of nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria to micropollutant co-metabolism in rapid sand filters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127760. [PMID: 34836694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic micropollutant (OMP) in groundwater threatens drinking water quality and public health. Rapid sand filter (RSF) rely on biofilms with nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria to remove ammonia and methane during drinking water production. Previous research observed the partial removal of OMPs with active nitrification and methane oxidation due to co-metabolic conversion of OMPs. However, the contribution of indigenous nitrifying and methanotrophic communities from RSF has yet to be fully explored. Accordingly, experiments were carried out with biofilm-covered sand collected from field-scale RSF, to assess the removal of nine OMPs by nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria. Results indicated that stimulating nitrification resulted in significantly more removal of caffeine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and bentazone. Stimulating methanotrophic conditions enhanced the removal of caffeine, benzotriazole, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and bentazone. Microbial community analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing revealed Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira are the dominant genus in the community under nitrifying conditions. The three genera Methylobacter, Methylomonas and Methylotenera were enriched under methanotrophic conditions. This study highlights that nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria play important roles during OMP removal in field RSF. Furthermore, results suggest that bioaugmentation with an enriched nitrifying and methanotrophic culture is a promising approach to improve OMP removal in RSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 8033, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baptiste A J Poursat
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David de Ridder
- Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 8033, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Wal
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Zhou J, Wang D, Ju F, Hu W, Liang J, Bai Y, Liu H, Qu J. Profiling microbial removal of micropollutants in sand filters: Biotransformation pathways and associated bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127167. [PMID: 34536843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although there is growing evidence that micropollutants can be microbially converted in rapid sand filters of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), little is known about the biotransformation pathways and associated microbial strains in this process. Here, we constructed sand filter columns filled with manganese or quartz sand obtained from full-scale DWTPs to explore the biotransformation of eight micropollutants. Under seven different empty bed contact times (EBCTs), the column experiments showed that caffeine and atenolol were easily removed (up to 92.1% and 97.6%, respectively) with adsorption and microbial biotransformation of the filters. In contrast, the removal of other six micropollutants (i.e., naproxen, carbamazepine, atrazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadiazine) in the filters were less than 27.1% at shorter EBCTs, but significantly increased at EBCT = 4 h, indicating the dominant role of microbial biotransformation in these micropollutants removal. Integrated analysis of metagenomic reads and transformation products of micropollutants showed a shift in caffeine oxidation and demethylation pathways at different EBCTs, simultaneous occurrence of atrazine hydrolysis and oxidation pathways, and sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole oxidation in the filters. Furthermore, using genome-centric analysis, we observed previously unidentified degrading strains, e.g., Piscinibacter, Hydrogenophaga, and Rubrivivax for caffeine transformation, and Methylophilus and Methyloversatilis for atenolol transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Donglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wanchao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinsong Liang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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15
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Gutiérrez M, Grillini V, Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Verlicchi P. Activated carbon coupled with advanced biological wastewater treatment: A review of the enhancement in micropollutant removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148050. [PMID: 34091341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study consists of a review on the removal efficiencies of a wide spectrum of micropollutants (MPs) in biological treatment (mainly membrane bioreactor) coupled with activated carbon (AC) (AC added in the bioreactor or followed by an AC unit, acting as a post treatment). It focuses on how the presence of AC may promote the removal of MPs and the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater. Removal data collected of MPs are analysed versus AC dose if powdered AC is added in the bioreactor, and as a function of the empty bed contact time in the case of a granular activated carbon (GAC) column acting as a post treatment. Moreover, the enhancement in macropollutant (organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) removal is analysed as well as the AC mitigation effect towards membrane fouling and, finally, how sludge properties may change in the presence of AC. To sum up, it was found that AC improves the removal of most MPs, favouring their sorption on the AC surface, promoted by the presence of different functional groups and then enhancing their degradation processes. DOM is a strong competitor in sorption on the AC surface, but it may promote the transformation of GAC in a biologically activated carbon thus enhancing all the degradation processes. Finally, AC in the bioreactor increases sludge floc strength and improves its settling characteristics and sorption potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gutiérrez
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Grillini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Paola Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
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16
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Gao F, Zhou X, Ma Y, Zhang X, Rong X, Xiao X, Wu Z, Wei J. Calcium modified basalt fiber bio-carrier for wastewater treatment: Investigation on bacterial community and nitrogen removal enhancement of bio-nest. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125259. [PMID: 33991876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modified basalt fiber (MBF) is a sustainable material studied as novel wastewater treatment bio-carrier recently. This work studied the effects of calcium modification on the bacterial affinity of modified fiber (Ca-MBF), bacterial community, and nitrogen removal performance. Results showed that Ca-MBF with hydrophilic (62.66°) and positively-charged (7.80 mV) surface accelerated bacterial attachment. Volatile suspended solids on Ca-MBF (5.46 g VSS/g fiber) were increased by 2.61 times after modification, with high bacterial activity when bio-carriers were cultured in activated sludge. Extracellular polymeric substances on Ca-MBF was 4.35 times higher and consisted of more protein. Bio-nests with unique aerobic/anaerobic structure formed on the ultrafine carriers in bioreactor. Ca-MBF bioreactor exhibited total nitrogen removal efficiency above 72.2% and COD removal efficiency above 94.2% with more stable performance than unmodified carrier in long-term treatment using synthetic domestic wastewater.16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed enhanced abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in Ca-MBF bio-nest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Gao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiangtong Zhou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xinshan Rong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhiren Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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17
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Wu G, Geng J, Xu K, Ren H. Removal of pharmaceuticals by ammonia oxidizers during nitrification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:909-921. [PMID: 33415368 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effect of pharmaceuticals on ecosystem and human health raises great interest for the removal of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Enhanced removal of pharmaceuticals by ammonia oxidizers (AOs) has been observed during nitrification. This review provides a comprehensive summary on the removal of pharmaceuticals by AOs-ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA), and complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) during nitrification in pure ammonia oxidizing culture and mixed microbes systems. The superior removal of pharmaceuticals by AOs in conditions with nitrifying activity compared with the conditions without nitrifying activity was proposed. The contribution of AOs on pharmaceuticals removal in pure and mixed microbe systems was discussed and activated sludge modeling was suggested as the proper measure on assessing the contribution of AOs on the removal of pharmaceuticals in mixed microbe culture. Three transformation processes and the involved reaction types of pharmaceuticals transformation during nitrification were reviewed. The present paper provides a systematical summary on pharmaceuticals removal by different AOs across pure and mixed microbes culture during nitrification, which opens up the opportunity to optimize the wastewater biological treatment systems for enhanced removal of pharmaceuticals. KEY POINTS: • The superior removal of pharmaceuticals by ammonia oxidizers (AOs) was summarized. • The removal contribution of pharmaceuticals attributed by AOs was elucidated. • The transformation processes and reaction types of pharmaceuticals were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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18
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Di Marcantonio C, Bertelkamp C, van Bel N, Pronk TE, Timmers PHA, van der Wielen P, Brunner AM. Organic micropollutant removal in full-scale rapid sand filters used for drinking water treatment in The Netherlands and Belgium. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127630. [PMID: 32758778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment processes have the potential to remove organic micropollutants (OMPs) during water treatment. The OMP removal capacity of conventional drinking water treatment processes such as rapid sand filters (RSFs), however, has not been studied in detail. We investigated OMP removal and transformation product (TP) formation in seven full-scale RSFs all treating surface water, using high-resolution mass spectrometry based quantitative suspect and non-target screening (NTS). Additionally, we studied the microbial communities with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (NGS) in both influent and effluent waters as well as the filter medium, and integrated these data to comprehensively assess the processes that affect OMP removal. In the RSF influent, 9 to 30 of the 127 target OMPs were detected. The removal efficiencies ranged from 0 to 93%. A data-driven workflow was established to monitor TPs, based on the combination of NTS feature intensity profiles between influent and effluent samples and the prediction of biotic TPs. The workflow identified 10 TPs, including molecular structure. Microbial community composition analysis showed similar community composition in the influent and effluent of most RSFs, but different from the filter medium, implying that specific microorganisms proliferate in the RSFs. Some of these are able to perform typical processes in water treatment such as nitrification and iron oxidation. However, there was no clear relationship between OMP removal efficiency and microbial community composition. The innovative combination of quantitative analyses, NTS and NGS allowed to characterize real scale biological water treatments, emphasizing the potential of bio-stimulation applications in drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Di Marcantonio
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Cheryl Bertelkamp
- KWR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Nikki van Bel
- KWR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa E Pronk
- KWR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Peer H A Timmers
- KWR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Wielen
- KWR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea M Brunner
- KWR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
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19
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Li C, Gu Z, Zhu S, Liu D. 17β-Estradiol removal routes by moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) under various C/N ratios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140381. [PMID: 32599404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the contribution of biotic and abiotic routes to the 17β-estradiol (E2) removal in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs), and uncovered the interrelation between the E2 removal routes and biofilm characteristics, which was not researched in previous literature. Three MBBRs with different C/N ratios (0 for C/N0; 2 for C/N2; and 5 for C/N5) were operated in continuous mode. A 65-day degradation demonstrated that the MBBRs had high potential to remove E2 regardless of the C/N (E2 removal greater than 99% for all MBBRs; P > 0.05). Further batch tests showed that the E2 removal mainly resulted from heterotrophic activities for all MBBRs, accounting for approximately 85% for all MBBRs (P > 0.05), followed by nitrification (10-11%) and adsorption (4-5%). Importantly, lower adhesive force likely led to higher E2 adsorption onto biofilms. Besides, enhanced ammonia oxidizing rate (AOR) was consistent with the high contribution of nitrification to the E2 attenuation. Importantly, heterotrophic activity was positively correlated with its contribution to E2 removal (r = 0.99, P < 0.05). To sum, the results obtained in this study helped to understand the E2 removal routes in nitrifying biofilm systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhefeng Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Abstract
The loading of granular activated carbon (GAC) is influenced by the amount of water treated and the concentrations of adsorbates present in the water matrix. Through extraction experiments, we aimed to investigate the total adsorbed mass of eight organic micropollutants by using ethanol as solvent and the maximum possible concentrations, due to the desorption of organic micropollutants, in water. Three different drying methods and the impact of the contact time, GAC particle size, and GAC/solvent ratio were investigated. Although no significant differences between the drying methods could be observed, the chosen contact time and particle size had a significant impact on the amount of organic micropollutants extracted. Lower GAC/solvent ratios positively affected the extraction yield. The masses extracted in ethanol were compared with the cumulated masses calculated from 72 feed and effluent samples, collected during filter operation, resulting in extraction yields between 0.5% and 30%. The composition of extracted micropollutants in ethanol reflected the concentrations in feed water of the pilot-scale filter. Desorption in water was mostly influenced by the solubility of the investigated micropollutants. The same substances found in the supernatants inf the experiments could also be identified in the backwash water of the filter.
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21
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Landsman MR, Sujanani R, Brodfuehrer SH, Cooper CM, Darr AG, Davis RJ, Kim K, Kum S, Nalley LK, Nomaan SM, Oden CP, Paspureddi A, Reimund KK, Rowles LS, Yeo S, Lawler DF, Freeman BD, Katz LE. Water Treatment: Are Membranes the Panacea? Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:559-585. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-111919-091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alongside the rising global water demand, continued stress on current water supplies has sparked interest in using nontraditional source waters for energy, agriculture, industry, and domestic needs. Membrane technologies have emerged as one of the most promising approaches to achieve water security, but implementation of membrane processes for increasingly complex waters remains a challenge. The technical feasibility of membrane processes replacing conventional treatment of alternative water supplies (e.g., wastewater, seawater, and produced water) is considered in the context of typical and emerging water quality goals. This review considers the effectiveness of current technologies (both conventional and membrane based), as well as the potential for recent advancements in membrane research to achieve these water quality goals. We envision the future of water treatment to integrate advanced membranes (e.g., mixed-matrix membranes, block copolymers) into smart treatment trains that achieve several goals, including fit-for-purpose water generation, resource recovery, and energy conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Landsman
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Rahul Sujanani
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Samuel H. Brodfuehrer
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Cooper
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Addison G. Darr
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R. Justin Davis
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Soyoon Kum
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Lauren K. Nalley
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sheik M. Nomaan
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Cameron P. Oden
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Akhilesh Paspureddi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kevin K. Reimund
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Lewis Stetson Rowles
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Seulki Yeo
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Desmond F. Lawler
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Lynn E. Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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22
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Hooper J, Funk D, Bell K, Noibi M, Vickstrom K, Schulz C, Machek E, Huang CH. Pilot testing of direct and indirect potable water reuse using multi-stage ozone-biofiltration without reverse osmosis. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115178. [PMID: 31670085 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pilot testing of direct potable reuse (DPR) using multi-stage ozone and biological filtration as an alternative treatment train without reverse osmosis (RO) was investigated. This study examined four blending ratios of advanced treated reclaimed water from the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center (FWH WRC) in Gwinnett County, Georgia, combined with the existing drinking water treatment plant raw water supply, Lake Lanier, for potable water production. Baseline testing with 100 percent (%) Lake Lanier water was initially conducted; followed by testing blends of 15, 25, 50, and 100% reclaimed water from FWH WRC. Finished water quality from the DPR pilot was compared to drinking water standards, and emerging microbial and chemical contaminants were also evaluated. Results were benchmarked against a parallel indirect potable reuse (IPR) pilot receiving 100% of the raw water from Lake Lanier. Finished water quality from the DPR pilot at the 15% blend complied with the United States primary and secondary maximum contaminant levels (MCLs and SMCLs, respectively). However, exceedances of one or more MCLs or SMCLs were observed at higher blends. Importantly, reclaimed water from FWH WRC was of equal or better quality for all microbiological targets tested compared to Lake Lanier, indicating that a DPR scenario could lower acute risks from microbial pathogens compared to current practices. Finished water from the DPR pilot had no detections of microorganisms, even at the 100% FWH WRC effluent blend. Microbiological targets tested included heterotrophic plate counts, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, somatic and male-specific coliphage, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococci, Legionella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia. There were water quality challenges, primarily associated with nitrate originating from incomplete denitrification and bromate formation from ozonation at the FWH WRC. These challenges highlight the importance of upstream process monitoring and control at the advanced wastewater treatment facility if DPR is considered. This research demonstrated that ozone with biological filtration could achieve potable water quality criteria, without the use of RO, in cases where nitrate is below the MCL of 10 mg nitrogen per liter and total dissolved solids are below the SMCL of 500 mg per liter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hooper
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way Suite 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA.
| | - Denise Funk
- Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources, 684 Winder Highway, Lawrenceville, GA, 30045, USA
| | - Kati Bell
- Brown & Caldwell, 220 Athens Way #500, Nashville, TN, 37228, USA
| | - Morayo Noibi
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way Suite 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Kyle Vickstrom
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way Suite 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Chris Schulz
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way Suite 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Eddie Machek
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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23
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Ruppelt JP, Pinnekamp J, Tondera K. Elimination of micropollutants in four test-scale constructed wetlands treating combined sewer overflow: Influence of filtration layer height and feeding regime. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115214. [PMID: 31671295 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater can contain large amounts of organic micropollutants. Some of these substances are harmful to the environment, even at low concentrations, e.g. when being discharged untreated into surface water bodies in case of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) during or after heavy rainfall events. Constructed wetlands can be very effective in treating CSOs. To date, there have only been few investigations about the retention of micropollutants using retention soil filters (RSFs), which basically are vertical flow constructed wetlands with an additional retention area. Thus, focus of this study was set on the interaction between dry periods, loading events, filter operation time, and the resulting removal of micropollutants originating from CSOs. The removal of 1-H-benzotriazole, carbamazepine, diclofenac, metoprolol, sulfamethoxazole and bisphenol A was examined in four test-scale RSFs. Removal efficiencies of approximately 70% were found for metoprolol. 1-H-benzotriazole, diclofenac and bisphenol A were removed moderately between 30 and 40%. For carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole, negative retention rates were found. No significant correlations were found between removal efficiencies and the length of the antecedent dry period and/or filter operation time. However, the study showed that removal efficiencies depend strongly on respective inflow concentrations. Thickness of the filter layer seems to have an influence as well; does not lead to uniform results, though.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Ruppelt
- Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Pinnekamp
- Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Tondera
- IMT Atlantique Bretagne, Pays de Loire, Department of Energy Systems and Environment, F-44307, Nantes, France
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24
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Brunsch AF, Zubieta Florez P, Langenhoff AAM, Ter Laak TL, Rijnaarts HHM. Retention soil filters for the treatment of sewage treatment plant effluent and combined sewer overflow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134426. [PMID: 31639549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Retention soil filters (RSFs) are vertical flow constructed wetlands. They are mainly used for the treatment of combined sewer overflow or stormwater, and not operated during dry weather conditions. However, RSFs have been successfully tested as continuous post treatment for sewage treatment plant effluents. In this paper we present a new approach, namely dual usage of the retention soil filter. During dry weather the RSF is used for the polishing treatment of sewage treatment plant effluent and during overflow events, the retention soil filter treats the combined sewer overflow. This study was conducted at two pilot RSFs that were fed with sewage treatment effluent for four years. Removal of TOC, DOC, nutrients and 21 organic micropollutants was determined during six months at different sequences of regular effluent and overflow treatment conditions. TOC, DOC and nutrients, appearing in high concentration in combined sewer overflow, were effectively removed, and metformin and caffeine micropollutants showed >99% removal. Residues from this combined sewer treatment that were sorbed on filter material or stored in pore water were washed out directly after treatment when STP effluent infiltration was initiated. This effect declined within 20 h after combined sewer overflow treatment. Dry periods of 18 h between combined sewer and sewage treatment plant effluent feeding counteracted the wash out effects. The highest removal efficiency was found in the beginning of the feeding time of 28 h, indicating that shorter feeding cycles enhance the overall efficiency of the RSF. Finally, the results show that a single RSF system can successfully reduce emissions of TOC, DOC, nutrients and micropollutants to surface waters from two different emission pathways, i.e. from regular treated effluents and storm related sewer overflows. In conclusion, the dual usage of RSF is a promising approach and ready for upscaling and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F Brunsch
- Erftverband, Department of River Basin Management, Am Erftverband 6, 50126 Bergheim, Germany; Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Zubieta Florez
- University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, Essen, Germany; Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alette A M Langenhoff
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas L Ter Laak
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, Netherlands
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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25
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Piras F, Santoro O, Pastore T, Pio I, De Dominicis E, Gritti E, Caricato R, Lionetto MG, Mele G, Santoro D. Controlling micropollutants in tertiary municipal wastewater by O 3/H 2O 2, granular biofiltration and UV 254/H 2O 2 for potable reuse applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124635. [PMID: 31514013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive pilot study was carried out to experimentally assess the potential of newly developed treatment trains integrating two-stage AOPs and biofiltration to reach potable reuse water quality standards from municipal wastewater. The processes consisted of a two-stage AOPs with (carbon or limestone) biofiltration, the first AOP (O3/H2O2) serving as pre-treatment to biofiltration and the second AOP (UV254/H2O2) serving as post-biofiltration finishing step to ensure advanced disinfection. A comprehensive monitoring campaign was put in place resulting from the combination of targeted, non-targeted and suspect screening measurements. It was found that 13 organic micropollutants were detected from a list of 219 suspects although at ng/L level only. For the treatment conditions piloted in this study (O3 = 13 ± 0.5 mg/L, H2O2 = 11 ± 0.4 mg/L for the O3/H2O2 process, and UV = 410 ± 63.5 mJ/cm2, H2O2 = 5 mg/l for the UV254/H2O2 process), it was possible to estimate the overall removal efficacy for each unit process, which was found to follow this order: RO (99%) > BAC (87%) > O3-H2O2 (78%) > BAL (67%) > UV/H2O2 (43%) > AOP contact chamber (19%) > UF(0%), with the treatment train integrating two AOPs and granular biofiltration with activated carbon (O3/H2O2 + BAC + UV254/H2O2) showing superior performance with a 99% abatement in total micropollutants. No ecotoxicologically-positive response was generally observed for any of the effluent samples from the tested trains, even when pre-concentration factors up to 100-1000 times were employed to increase the sensitivity of the bioassay methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Piras
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - O Santoro
- AquaSoil S.r.l., via del Calvario 35, 72015 Fasano, Brindisi, Italy
| | - T Pastore
- Regional Environmental Protection Agency - Arpa Puglia, C.so Trieste 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - I Pio
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - E De Dominicis
- Mérieux NutriSciences Research, via Fratta 25, 31023, Resana, Treviso, Italy
| | - E Gritti
- Mérieux NutriSciences Research, via Fratta 25, 31023, Resana, Treviso, Italy
| | - R Caricato
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - M G Lionetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - G Mele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Santoro
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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26
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Zhang L, Carvalho PN, Bollmann UE, Ei-Taliawy H, Brix H, Bester K. Enhanced removal of pharmaceuticals in a biofilter: Effects of manipulating co-degradation by carbon feeding. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124303. [PMID: 31310978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm reactors are a promising biotechnology to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater during tertiary treatment or in water works for drinking water production. This study aimed at investigating the effects of pulsed carbon feeding for promoting the co-degradation of indigenous pharmaceuticals from pre-treated wastewater in a fixed-bed porous biofilm reactor (slow sand filter). The addition of acetate (carbon source) resulted in three different enhancement/limitation effects, which were compound dependent: 1) atenolol and iohexol experienced enhanced co-degradation followed by constant (acetate independent) degradation; 2) metoprolol, iomeprol, diclofenac, propranolol and sulfamethizole co-degradation dependent on aerobic turnover, but inhibited at higher acetate concentrations (60-300 mg C/L); 3) sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were removed independently of oxygen and acetate concentration. Carbamazepine, ditriazoic acid, iopromide; tramadol and venlavaxine were not removed at any acetate dosage. Biofilm reactors can be employed for polishing treated wastewater, and the addition of a primary carbon source can enhance the performance of the bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pedro N Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulla Elisabeth Bollmann
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Haitham Ei-Taliawy
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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27
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Gallardo-Altamirano MJ, Maza-Márquez P, Montemurro N, Rodelas B, Osorio F, Pozo C. Linking microbial diversity and population dynamics to the removal efficiency of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A 2O) system. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:828-842. [PMID: 31200141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiencies (REs) of nineteen pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) (six antibiotics-clarithromycin, ofloxacin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim -, four β-blockers -atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol and sotalol-, two antihypertensives/diuretics -furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide-, three lipid regulators -bezafibrate, fenofibrate and gemfibrozil-, and four psychiatric medications -carbamazepine, diazepam, lorazepam and paroxetine) were ascertained in a pilot-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) system treating urban wastewater, long term operated during two experimental phases using different sets of environmental conditions and operating parameters. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the structure, diversity and population dynamics of bacteria, archaea and fungi communities in the activated sludge. The results showed that mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and food-to-microorganisms ratio (F/M) were operational parameters significantly influencing the REs of five of the analyzed PhACs in the A2O system. Biota-environment (BIO-ENV) analysis revealed strong correlations between population shifts of the activated sludge community and the REs of PhACs of the different pharmaceutical families. Increased REs of clarithromycin, furosemide, bezafibrate and gemfibrozil were concomitant to higher relative abundances of bacterial phylotypes classified within the Rhodobacteraceae and Sphingomonadaceae (Alphaproteobacteria), while those of Betaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Methanomethylovorans (Euryarchaea) correlated positively with the REs of up to seven PhACs belonging to different therapeutic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gallardo-Altamirano
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - P Maza-Márquez
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - N Montemurro
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Rodelas
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - F Osorio
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - C Pozo
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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28
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Fischer A, van Wezel AP, Hollender J, Cornelissen E, Hofman R, van der Hoek JP. Development and application of relevance and reliability criteria for water treatment removal efficiencies of chemicals of emerging concern. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:274-287. [PMID: 31202114 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the growth in production and use of chemicals and the fact that many end up in the aquatic environment, there is an increasing need for advanced water treatment technologies that can remove chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) from water. The current lack of a homogenous approach for testing advanced water treatment technologies hampers the interpretation and evaluation of CEC removal efficiency data, and hinders informed decision making by stakeholders with regard to which treatment technology could satisfy their specific needs. Here a data evaluation framework is proposed to improve the use of current knowledge in the field of advanced water treatment technologies for drinking water and wastewater, consisting of a set of 9 relevance criteria and 51 reliability criteria. The two criteria sets underpin a thorough, unbiased and standardised method to select studies to evaluate and compare CEC removal efficiency of advanced water treatment technologies in a scientifically sound way. The relevance criteria set was applied to 244 papers on removal efficiency, of which only 20% fulfilled the criteria. The reliability criteria were applied to the remaining papers. In general these criteria were fulfilled with regards to information on the target compound, the water matrix and the treatment process conditions. However, there was a lack of information on data interpretation and statistics. In conclusion, a minority of the evaluated papers are suited for comparison across techniques, compounds and water matrixes. There is a clear need for more uniform reporting of water treatment studies for CEC removal. In the future this will benefit the selection of appropriate technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Fischer
- TU Delft, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands; Evides Watercompany, Department of Technology & Sources, the Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emile Cornelissen
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberta Hofman
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- TU Delft, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands; Waternet, Strategic Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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29
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Thiebault T, Fougère L, Destandau E, Réty M, Jacob J. Impact of meteorological and social events on human-excreted contaminant loads in raw wastewater: From daily to weekly dynamics. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:107-116. [PMID: 31102864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The temporal dynamics of the wastewater influent loads of 25 drug target residues (DTR, both pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs) was assessed during 84 consecutive days. This monitoring scale enables longer temporal patterns than weekday/weekend patterns to be explored. In this study, we focus on day to day variations and the potential statistical correlation of each DTR analyzed in order to better understand the potential forcings that lead to the load variation of DTRs (alone or in clusters). The weekly patterns based on the weekly loads of DTRs were also analyzed and the impact of social and meteorological events on their variations was investigated. Two cold events occurred during the monitoring period and were associated with the highest loads of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as the lowest loads of stimulants. During the Easter holidays, a significant decrease in some year-long medication as well as analgesics was found, consistent with the demographic decrease within the catchment during this period. Lastly, a good correlation between the academic calendar and the loads of stimulants was found, emphasizing the overrepresentation of students in the consumption of recreational drugs. This study furnishes new insights in order to better understand the variations in DTR loads in wastewater influents, beyond the weekday/weekend pattern and the seasonal effect. Further investigations remain necessary, especially a real-time monitoring of the population figures within the catchment in order to improve our understanding of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thiebault
- EPHE, PSL University, UMR 7619 METIS (SU, CNRS, EPHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Maxime Réty
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, 45067, Orleans, France; Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France
| | - Jérémy Jacob
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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30
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Han P, Yu Y, Zhou L, Tian Z, Li Z, Hou L, Liu M, Wu Q, Wagner M, Men Y. Specific Micropollutant Biotransformation Pattern by the Comammox Bacterium Nitrospira inopinata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8695-8705. [PMID: 31294971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria occur in various environments, including wastewater treatment plants. To better understand their role in micropollutant biotransformation in comparison with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), we investigated the biotransformation capability of Nitrospira inopinata (the only comammox isolate) for 17 micropollutants. Asulam, fenhexamid, mianserin, and ranitidine were biotransformed by N. inopinata, Nitrososphaera gargensis (AOA), and Nitrosomonas nitrosa Nm90 (AOB). More distinctively, carbendazim, a benzimidazole fungicide, was exclusively biotransformed by N. inopinata. The biotransformation of carbendazim only occurred when N. inopinata was supplied with ammonia but not nitrite as the energy source. The exclusive biotransformation of carbendazim by N. inopinata was likely enabled by an enhanced substrate promiscuity of its unique AMO and its much higher substrate (for ammonia) affinity compared with the other two ammonia oxidizers. One major plausible transformation product (TP) of carbendazim is a hydroxylated form at the aromatic ring, which is consistent with the function of AMO. These findings provide fundamental knowledge on the micropollutant degradation potential of a comammox bacterium to better understand the fate of micropollutants in nitrifying environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Yaochun Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Center for Urban Waters , University of Washington Tacoma , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
| | - Zhong Li
- Metabolomics Center , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | | | | | - Qinglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Science , University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
- The Comammox Research Platform of the University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Bioscience , Aalborg University , 9100 Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Institute for Genomic Biology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Nsenga Kumwimba M, Meng F. Roles of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in improving metabolism and cometabolism of trace organic chemicals in biological wastewater treatment processes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:419-441. [PMID: 31096373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While there has been a significant recent improvement in the removal of pollutants in natural and engineered systems, trace organic chemicals (TrOCs) are posing a major threat to aquatic environments and human health. There is a critical need for developing potential strategies that aim at enhancing metabolism and/or cometabolism of these compounds. Recently, knowledge regarding biodegradation of TrOCs by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) has been widely developed. This review aims to delineate an up-to-date version of the ecophysiology of AOB and outline current knowledge related to biodegradation efficiencies of the frequently reported TrOCs by AOB. The paper also provides an insight into biodegradation pathways by AOB and transformation products of these compounds and makes recommendations for future research of AOB. In brief, nitrifying WWTFs (wastewater treatment facilities) were superior in degrading most TrOCs than non-nitrifying WWTFs due to cometabolic biodegradation by the AOB. To fully understand and/or enhance the cometabolic biodegradation of TrOCs by AOB, recent molecular research has focused on numerous crucial factors including availability of the compounds to AOB, presence of growth substrate (NH4-N), redox potentials, microorganism diversity (AOB and heterotrophs), physicochemical properties and operational parameters of the WWTFs, molecular structure of target TrOCs and membrane-based technologies, may all significantly impact the cometabolic biodegradation of TrOCs. Still, further exploration is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in biodegradation of TrOCs by AOB and the toxicity levels of formed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Müller J, Jewell KS, Schulz M, Hermes N, Ternes TA, Drewes JE, Hübner U. Capturing the oxic transformation of iopromide - A useful tool for an improved characterization of predominant redox conditions and the removal of trace organic compounds in biofiltration systems? WATER RESEARCH 2019; 152:274-284. [PMID: 30682571 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological degradation of many trace organic compounds has been reported to be strongly redox dependent. The traditional characterization of redox conditions using the succession of inorganic electron acceptors such as dissolved oxygen and nitrate falls short in accurately describing the critical transition state between oxic and suboxic conditions. Novel monitoring strategies using intrinsic redox tracers might be suitable to close that gap. This study investigated the potential use of the successive biological transformation of the iodinated contrast medium iopromide as an intrinsic tracer of prevailing redox conditions in biofiltration systems. Iopromide degradation in biofiltration systems was monitored by quantifying twelve known biological transformation products formed under oxic conditions. A novel dimensionless parameter (TIOP) was introduced as a measure for the successive transformation of iopromide. A strong correlation between the consumption of dissolved oxygen and iopromide transformation emphasized the importance of general microbial activity on iopromide degradation. However, results disproved a direct correlation between oxic (>1 mg/L O2) and suboxic (<1 mg/L O2) conditions and the degree of iopromide transformation. Results indicated that besides redox conditions also the availability of biodegradable organic substrate affects the degree of iopromide transformation. Similar behavior was found for the compounds gabapentin and benzotriazole, while the oxic degradation of metoprolol remained stable under varying substrate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Müller
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Kevin S Jewell
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Manoj Schulz
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Nina Hermes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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Chen H, Lin T, Chen W, Tao H, Xu H. Removal of disinfection byproduct precursors and reduction in additive toxicity of chlorinated and chloraminated waters by ozonation and up-flow biological activated carbon process. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:624-632. [PMID: 30391883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The variations of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors and DBPs-associated toxic potencies were evaluated by ozonation, followed by a up-flow biological activated carbon (O3/UBAC) filter treating two reconstituted water samples, featuring either high bromide (105.3 μg/L) or dissolved organic nitrogen (0.73 mg N/L) concentration, respectively. Ozonation contributed to ∼20% decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration at a dosage of 0.7 mg of O3/mg of DOC, but no further reduction in DOC level was observed with an increased dose of 1.0 mg of O3/mg of DOC. When chlorine or preformed monochloramine was used as a disinfectant, UBAC process led to ∼40% reduction in the sum of detected DBP formation potential (FP) due to the removal of precursors at a feasible empty bed contact time of 15 min. The integrated effect of ozonation and UBAC biofiltration decreased the sum of DBP FP by ∼50% including halonitromethanes (THNMs), N-nitrosamines (NAs), and bromate, which increased in the effluent of ozonation. Chloramination produced less DBPs by weight as well as DBPs-associated additive toxic potencies than chlorination. The reduction in additive toxic potencies was generally lower than the removal efficiency of DBP FP after chlor(am)ination of treated waters by O3/UBAC, indicating that the removal of DBPs-associated additive toxic potencies should be focused to better understand on the residual risk to public health in controlling DBP precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Hui Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Hang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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34
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Wu H, Sun Q, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Wang J, Hou C, Jiang X, Liu X, Shen J. Co-metabolic enhancement of 1H-1,2,4-triazole biodegradation through nitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:236-243. [PMID: 30273827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to highly recalcitrant nature of 1H-1,2,4-triazole (TZ), the conventional biological process is quite ineffective for TZ removal from wastewater. In this study, co-metabolic enhancement of TZ biodegradation through nitrification was investigated in an activated sludge reactor. The link between enhanced TZ degradation and nitrification was established through highly efficient removal of TZ, TOC as well as dissolved organic matter with the supplement of NH4+. A new co-metabolic degradation pathway of TZ was proposed based on the identification of five co-metabolic intermediates, including 2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazol-3-one and [1,2,4]triazolidine-3,5-dione. High-throughput sequencing analysis suggested the significant improvement of microbial community in the co-metabolic system in terms of richness, abundance and uniformity. Functional species related to nitrification and biodegradation was enriched with the supplement of NH4+, confirming the key role of nitrification. This study demonstrated that nitrification-assisted co-metabolism had a promising potential for the removal of recalcitrant contaminants such as TZ from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp., Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinglu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yukun Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Abtahi SM, Petermann M, Juppeau Flambard A, Beaufort S, Terrisse F, Trotouin T, Joannis Cassan C, Albasi C. Micropollutants removal in tertiary moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs): Contribution of the biofilm and suspended biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1464-1480. [PMID: 30189563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of tertiary moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) was evaluated in terms of micropollutants (MPs) removal from secondary-treated municipal wastewater. After stepwise establishment of a mature biofilm, monitored by scanning electron and confocal microscopies, abiotic and biotic removals of MPs were deeply studied. Since no MPs reduction was observed by the both photodegradation and volatilization, abiotic removal of MPs was ascribed to the sorption onto the biomass. Target MPs i.e. Naproxen, Diclofenac, 17β-Estradiol and 4n-Nonylphenol, arranged in the ascending order of hydrophobicity, abiotically declined up to 2.8%, 4%, 9.5% and 15%, respectively. MPs sorption onto the suspended biomass was found around two times more than the biofilm, in line with MPs' higher sorption kinetic constants (ksor) found for the suspended biomass. When comparing abiotic and biotic aspects, we found that biotic removal outperformed its counterpart for all compounds as Diclofenac, Naproxen, 17β-Estradiol and 4n-Nonylphenol were biodegraded by 72.8, 80.6, 84.7 and 84.4%, respectively. The effect of the changes in organic loading rates (OLRs) was investigated on the pseudo-first order degradation constants (kbiol), revealing the dominant biodegradation mechanism of co-metabolism for the removal of Diclofenac, Naproxen, and 4n-Nonylphenol, while 17β-Estradiol obeyed the biodegradation mechanism of competitive inhibition. Biotic removals and kbiol values of all MPs were also seen higher in the biofilm as compared to the suspended biomass. To draw a conclusion, a quite high removal of recalcitrant MPs is achievable in tertiary MBBRs, making them a promising technology that supports both pathways of co-metabolism and competitive inhibition, next to the abiotic attenuation of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mehran Abtahi
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Maike Petermann
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Agathe Juppeau Flambard
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra Beaufort
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Terrisse
- Biovitis S.A., Le Bourg, 15400 Saint-Étienne-de-Chomeil, France
| | - Thierry Trotouin
- Veolia, Centre régional Toulouse Pyrénées, 22 avenue Marcel Dassault, 31506 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Joannis Cassan
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Albasi
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F31432 Toulouse, France.
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36
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Methanotrophic contribution to biodegradation of phenoxy acids in cultures enriched from a groundwater-fed rapid sand filter. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1007-1019. [PMID: 30474728 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Drinking water supply is in many parts of the world based on groundwater. Groundwater often contains methane, which can be oxidized by methanotrophs upon aeration. Sand from rapid sand filters fed with methane-rich groundwater can remove some pesticides (Hedegaard and Albrechtsen in Water Res 48:71-81, 2014). We enriched methanotrophs from filter sand and investigated whether they could drive the degradation of various pesticides. To enrich for methanotrophs, we designed and operated four laboratory-scale, continuously methane-fed column reactors, inoculated with filter sand and one control column fed with tap water. When enrichments were obtained, methane was continuously supplied to three reactors, while the fourth was starved for methane for 1 week, and the reactors were spiked with ten pesticides at groundwater-relevant concentrations (2.1-6.6 μg/L). Removal for most pesticides was not detected at the investigated contact time (1.37 min). However, the degradation of phenoxy acids was observed in the methanotrophic column reactor starved for methane, while it was not detected in the control column indicating the importance of methanotrophs. Phenoxy acid removal, using dichlorprop as a model compound, was further investigated in batch experiments with methanotrophic biomass collected from the enrichment reactors. Phenoxy acid removal (expressed per gram of matrix sand) was substantially improved in the methanotrophic enrichment compared to parent filter sand. The presence of methane did not clearly impact dichlorprop removal but did impact mineralization. We suggest that other heterotrophs are responsible for the first step in dichlorprop degradation, while the subsequent steps including ring-hydroxylation are driven by methanotrophs.
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Sbardella L, Comas J, Fenu A, Rodriguez-Roda I, Weemaes M. Advanced biological activated carbon filter for removing pharmaceutically active compounds from treated wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:519-529. [PMID: 29715656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Through their release of effluents, conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent a major pollution point sources for pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in water bodies. The combination of a biological activated carbon (BAC) filter coupled with an ultrafiltration (UF) unit was evaluated as an advanced treatment for PhACs removal at pilot scale. The BAC-UF pilot plant was monitored for one year. The biological activity of the biofilm that developed on the granular activated carbon (GAC) particles and the contribution of this biofilm to the overall removal of PhACs were evaluated. Two different phases were observed during the long-term monitoring of PhACs removal. During the first 9200 bed volumes (BV; i.e., before GAC saturation), 89, 78, 83 and 79% of beta-blockers, psychiatric drugs, antibiotics and a mix of other therapeutic groups were removed, respectively. The second phase was characterized by deterioration of the overall performances during the period between 9200 and 13,800 BV. To quantify the respective contribution of adsorption and biodegradation, a lab-scale setup was operated for four months and highlighted the essential role played by GAC in biofiltration units. Physical adsorption was indeed the main removal mechanism. Nevertheless, a significant contribution due to biological activity was detected for some PhACs. The biofilm contributed to the removal of 22, 25, 30, 32 and 35% of ciprofloxacin, bezafibrate, ofloxacin, azithromycin and sulfamethoxazole, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sbardella
- Aquafin nv, Dijkstraat 8, 2630 Aartselaar, Belgium; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Comas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of the Environment (LEQUIA), University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Alessio Fenu
- Aquafin nv, Dijkstraat 8, 2630 Aartselaar, Belgium
| | - Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of the Environment (LEQUIA), University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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Yu Y, Han P, Zhou LJ, Li Z, Wagner M, Men Y. Ammonia Monooxygenase-Mediated Cometabolic Biotransformation and Hydroxylamine-Mediated Abiotic Transformation of Micropollutants in an AOB/NOB Coculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9196-9205. [PMID: 30004677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of various micropollutants (MPs) has been found to be positively correlated with nitrification in activated sludge communities. To further elucidate the roles played by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), we investigated the biotransformation capabilities of an NOB pure culture ( Nitrobacter sp.) and an AOB ( Nitrosomonas europaea)/NOB ( Nitrobacter sp.) coculture for 15 MPs, whose biotransformation was reported previously to be associated with nitrification. The NOB pure culture did not biotransform any investigated MP, whereas the AOB/NOB coculture was capable of biotransforming six MPs (i.e., asulam, bezafibrate, fenhexamid, furosemide, indomethacin, and rufinamide). Transformation products (TPs) were identified, and tentative structures were proposed. Inhibition studies with octyne, an ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) inhibitor, suggested that AMO was the responsible enzyme for MP transformation that occurred cometabolically. For the first time, hydroxylamine, a key intermediate of all aerobic ammonia oxidizers, was found to react with several MPs at concentrations typically occurring in AOB batch cultures. All of these MPs were also biotransformed by the AOB/NOB coculture. Moreover, the same asulam TPs were detected in both biotransformation and hydroxylamine-treated abiotic transformation experiments, whereas rufinamide TPs formed from biological transformation were not detected during hydroxylamine-mediated abiotic transformation, which was consistent with the inability of rufinamide abiotic transformation by hydroxylamine. Thus, in addition to cometabolism likely carried out by AMO, an abiotic transformation route indirectly mediated by AMO might also contribute to MP biotransformation by AOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochun Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801-2352 , United States
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Zhong Li
- Metabolomics Center , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801-2352 , United States
- Institute for Genomic Biology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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He Y, Langenhoff AAM, Comans RNJ, Sutton NB, Rijnaarts HHM. Effects of dissolved organic matter and nitrification on biodegradation of pharmaceuticals in aerobic enrichment cultures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1335-1342. [PMID: 29554753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrification can play an important role in biodegradation of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aerobic zones of constructed wetlands (CWs). This study used an enrichment culture originating from CW sediment to study the effect of DOM and nitrification on aerobic biodegradation of seven PhACs. The enriched culture degraded caffeine (CAF), metoprolol (MET), naproxen (NAP), and ibuprofen (IBP) with a consistent biodegradability order of CAF>MET>NAP>IBP. Biodegradation of propranolol, carbamazepine, and diclofenac was insignificant (<15%). CAF biodegradation was inhibited by the easily biodegradable DOM. Conversely, DOM enhanced biodegradation of MET, NAP, and IBP, potentially by contributing more biomass capable of degrading PhACs. Nitrification enhanced biodegradation of NAP and IBP and mineralization of the PhAC mixture as well as less biodegradable DOM, which may result from co-metabolism of ammonia oxidizing bacteria or enhanced heterotrophic microbial activity under nitrification. MET biodegradation was inhibited in the presence of nitrification. DOM and nitrification effects on PhAC biodegradation in CWs gained from this study can be used in strategies to improve CW operation, namely: designing hydraulic retention times based on the biodegradability order of specific PhACs; applying DOM amendment; and introducing consistent ammonium streams to increase removal of PhACs of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie He
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Alette A M Langenhoff
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob N J Comans
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Liu B, Terashima M, Quan NT, Ha NT, Van Chieu L, Goel R, Yasui H. Determination of optimal dose of allylthiourea (ATU) for the batch respirometric test of activated sludge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:2876-2885. [PMID: 30065140 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Allylthiourea is a known specific inhibitor for ammonium oxidiser to suppress its oxygen uptake, and is commonly used for various kinds of batch respirometric tests to detect heterotrophic respiration in activated sludge. However, when high heterotrophs were present in the sample, it appeared the inhibitor was noticeably degraded and reached below the inhibition threshold after a couple of days, which resulted in overestimation of the heterotrophic respiration. The biological decomposition of the inhibitor was expressed with a Monod-type rate expression having a half-saturation coefficient of 980 mg-COD/L and maximum specific growth rate of 1.0 d-1. The developed kinetic model, including the growth and decay of the heterotrophs and nitrifiers, indicated that the ATU with about 90 mg-ATU/L which was initially dosed to the system would reach below the inhibition threshold of 1.0 mg-ATU/L after 10 days when 750 mg-COD/L of heterotrophs were present. From the kinetic model, an empirical formula to calculate a safe minimum ATU dose for the batch respirometric test was elaborated. The model also provided a modified experimental procedure to accurately estimate the initial heterotrophic biomass concentration in the sample and its specific decay rate based on IWA Activated Sludge Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan E-mail:
| | - Mitsuharu Terashima
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan E-mail:
| | - Nguyen Truong Quan
- Department of Environmental Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ha
- Department of Environmental Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Chieu
- Department of Environmental Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rajeev Goel
- Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions, Inc., 407 King Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hidenari Yasui
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan E-mail:
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41
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Rostvall A, Zhang W, Dürig W, Renman G, Wiberg K, Ahrens L, Gago-Ferrero P. Removal of pharmaceuticals, perfluoroalkyl substances and other micropollutants from wastewater using lignite, Xylit, sand, granular activated carbon (GAC) and GAC+Polonite ® in column tests - Role of physicochemical properties. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 137:97-106. [PMID: 29544207 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of five different sorbents (granular activated carbon (GAC), GAC + Polonite® (GAC + P), Xylit, lignite and sand) for a set of 83 micropollutants (MPs) (pharmaceuticals, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), personal care products, artificial sweeteners, parabens, pesticide, stimulants), together representing a wide range of physicochemical properties. Treatment with GAC and GAC + P provided the highest removal efficiencies, with average values above 97%. Removal rates were generally lower for Xylit (on average 74%) and lignite (on average 68%), although they proved to be highly efficient for a few individual MPs. The average removal efficiency for sand was only 47%. It was observed that the MPs behaved differently depending on their physicochemical properties. The physicochemical properties of PFASs (i.e. molecular weight, topological molecular surface area, log octanol water partition coefficient (Kow) and distribution coefficient between octanol and water (log D)) were positively correlated to observed removal efficiency for the sorbents Xylit, lignite and sand (p < 0.05), indicating a strong influence of perfluorocarbon chain length and associated hydrophobic characteristics. In contrast, for the other MPs the ratio between apolar and polar surface area (SA/SP) was positively correlated with the removal efficiency, indicating that hydrophobic adsorption may be a key feature of their sorption mechanisms. GAC showed to be the most promising filter medium to improve the removal of MPs in on-site sewage treatment facilities. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the removal of MPs in field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ande Rostvall
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wen Zhang
- Dept. of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wiebke Dürig
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunno Renman
- Dept. of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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42
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Greenstein KE, Lew J, Dickenson ERV, Wert EC. Investigation of biotransformation, sorption, and desorption of multiple chemical contaminants in pilot-scale drinking water biofilters. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:248-256. [PMID: 29494905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolving demands of drinking water treatment necessitate processes capable of removing a diverse suite of contaminants. Biofiltration can employ biotransformation and sorption to remove various classes of chemicals from water. Here, pilot-scale virgin anthracite-sand and previously used biological activated carbon (BAC)-sand dual media filters were operated for ∼250 days to assess removals of 0.4 mg/L ammonia as nitrogen, 50-140 μg/L manganese, and ∼100 ng/L each of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) spiked into pre-ozonated Colorado River water. Anthracite achieved complete nitrification within 200 days and started removing ibuprofen at 85 days. Limited manganese (10%) removal occurred. In contrast, BAC completely nitrified ammonia within 113 days, removed all manganese at 43 days, and exhibited steady state removal of most TOrCs by 140 days. However, during the first 140 days, removal of caffeine, DEET, gemfibrozil, naproxen, and trimethoprim decreased, suggesting a shift from sorption to biotransformation. Acetaminophen and sulfamethoxazole were removed at consistent levels, with complete removal of acetaminophen achieved throughout the study; ibuprofen removal increased with time. When subjected to elevated (1 μg/L) concentrations of TOrCs, BAC removed larger masses of chemicals; with a subsequent decrease and ultimate cease in the TOrCs spike, caffeine, DEET, gemfibrozil, and trimethoprim notably desorbed. By the end of operation, anthracite and BAC exhibited equivalent quantities of biomass measured as adenosine triphosphate, but BAC harbored greater microbial diversity (examined with 16S rRNA sequencing). Improved insight was gained regarding concurrent biotransformation, sorption, and desorption of multiple organic and inorganic contaminants in pilot-scale drinking water biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Greenstein
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, United States
| | - Julia Lew
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, United States
| | - Eric R V Dickenson
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, United States
| | - Eric C Wert
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, United States.
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43
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Park J, Yamashita N, Wu G, Tanaka H. Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by ammonia oxidizing bacteria acclimated in a membrane bioreactor: Contributions of cometabolism and endogenous respiration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:18-25. [PMID: 28651209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We carried out batch experiments using biomass from a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to study the influence of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) on the removal of 45 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Kinetic parameters such as biodegradation constants and adsorption coefficients with and without AOB inhibition were estimated. No significant differences in adsorption tendency were found, but the biodegradability of most compounds was enhanced when ammonia was completely oxidized, indicating that AOB present in MBR played a critical role in eliminating the PPCPs. Moreover, target PPCPs were degraded in 2 stages, first by cometabolic degradation related to AOB growth, and then by endogenous respiration by microorganisms in the absence of other growth substrate. The compounds were classified into 3 groups according to removal performance and cometabolic degradation. Our approach provides new insight into the removal of PPCPs via cometabolism and endogenous respiration under AOB enrichment cultures developed in MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwon Park
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Yamashita
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
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44
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Müller J, Drewes JE, Hübner U. Sequential biofiltration - A novel approach for enhanced biological removal of trace organic chemicals from wastewater treatment plant effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 127:127-138. [PMID: 29035766 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed the benefits of oligotrophic and oxic conditions for the biological removal of many trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) during soil-aquifer treatment. These findings indicate an unused tuning potential that might also be applicable in engineered biofiltration systems with drastically reduced hydraulic retention times for an enhanced mitigation of TOrCs during wastewater treatment. This study introduces the novel approach of sequential biofiltration (SBF) for the advanced treatment of secondary effluent using two granular media filters operated in series with an intermediate aeration step aiming for oxic and oligotrophic conditions in the second filter stage. Results from the experiments conducted at pilot-scale confirm a reduced substrate availability and predominantly oxic conditions in the second filter stage of the SBF setup. An increased removal of several TOrCs was observed in an SBF system as compared to a conventional single-stage biofiltration unit operated at the same overall empty bed contact time (EBCT). Short-term tests with varying EBCTs in the first filter stage revealed a high degree of system robustness of TOrC mitigation when confronted with sudden hydraulic load variations. Higher removal of several TOrCs at increased EBCTs in the second filter stage indicates that EBCT might play a crucial role for the degradation of certain compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Müller
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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45
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Thiebault T, Fougère L, Destandau E, Réty M, Jacob J. Temporal dynamics of human-excreted pollutants in wastewater treatment plant influents: Toward a better knowledge of mass load fluctuations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:246-255. [PMID: 28433767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 25 drug target residues (illicit drugs or pharmaceutically active compounds) was investigated during 85 consecutive days in the influents of a wastewater treatment plant in the Region Centre-Val de Loire, France. This long tracking period allowed a better understanding of the patterns affecting the occurrence of this type of contaminants. Among them, 2 were never detected (i.e. heroin and amphetamine). Concerning illicit drugs two patterns were found. Cocaine and ecstasy median loads varied considerably between weekdays and weekend days (i.e. 18.3 and 35.9% respectively) whereas cannabis and heroin (based on 6-mono-acetylmorphine loads) loads were within the same order of magnitude with a significant statistical correlation with pharmaceuticals such as acetaminophen or ketoprofen. The consumption of selected drugs was back-calculated from the loads. Among illicit drugs the highest consumption was found for cannabis with a median consumption of 51mg·day-1·inhabitant-1 (inh) whereas the median consumption for cocaine (based on benzoylecgonine loads) and ecstasy was 32 and 6mg·day-1·103·inh-1 respectively. The highest consumption values of pharmaceutically active compounds (PACs) were found for acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid with 108.8 and 34.1mg·day-1·inh-1 respectively, in good agreement with national sales data. A statistically significant weekly pattern was found for several PACs such as metoprolol and trimethoprim, but with the opposite pattern to that of illicit drugs. The variations in daily PAC loads could provide information about the mobility of people in the catchment, especially on the basis of daily taken PACs (i.e. to treat chronicle diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thiebault
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France.
| | | | | | - Maxime Réty
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; Univ Orleans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Jérémy Jacob
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, BRGM, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France
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46
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Torresi E, Polesel F, Bester K, Christensson M, Smets BF, Trapp S, Andersen HR, Plósz BG. Diffusion and sorption of organic micropollutants in biofilms with varying thicknesses. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:388-400. [PMID: 28686941 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid partitioning is one of the main fate processes determining the removal of micropollutants in wastewater. Little is known on the sorption of micropollutants in biofilms, where molecular diffusion may significantly influence partitioning kinetics. In this study, the diffusion and the sorption of 23 micropollutants were investigated in novel moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) carriers with controlled biofilm thickness (50, 200 and 500 μm) using targeted batch experiments (initial concentration = 1 μg L-1, for X-ray contrast media 15 μg L-1) and mathematical modelling. We assessed the influence of biofilm thickness and density on the dimensionless effective diffusivity coefficient f (equal to the biofilm-to-aqueous diffusivity ratio) and the distribution coefficient Kd,eq (L g-1). Sorption was significant only for eight positively charged micropollutants (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, citalopram, venlafaxine, erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin), revealing the importance of electrostatic interactions with solids. Sorption equilibria were likely not reached within the duration of batch experiments (4 h), particularly for the thickest biofilm, requiring the calculation of the distribution coefficient Kd,eq based on the approximation of the asymptotic equilibrium concentration (t > 4 h). Kd,eq values increased with increasing biofilm thickness for all sorptive micropollutants (except atenolol), possibly due to higher porosity and accessible surface area in the thickest biofilm. Positive correlations between Kd,eq and micropollutant properties (polarity and molecular size descriptors) were identified but not for all biofilm thicknesses, thus confirming the challenge of improving predictive sorption models for positively charged compounds. A diffusion-sorption model was developed and calibrated against experimental data, and estimated f values also increased with increasing biofilm thickness. This indicates that diffusion in thin biofilms may be strongly limited (f ≪ 0.1) by the high biomass density (reduced porosity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torresi
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Veolia Water Technologies AB, AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Fabio Polesel
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Århus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Magnus Christensson
- Veolia Water Technologies AB, AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Barth F Smets
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefan Trapp
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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47
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Carpenter CMG, Helbling DE. Removal of micropollutants in biofilters: Hydrodynamic effects on biofilm assembly and functioning. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 120:211-221. [PMID: 28494247 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global water resources contain a variety of micropollutants (MPs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides. This study investigated the removal of MPs during drinking water production by means of biofiltration. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of hydrodynamics on biofilm growth and development in a biofiltration process and the consequent effect on MP biotransformation rates. We operated three groups of biofiltration columns continuously for 381 days under three distinct hydrodynamic regimes (superficial velocity: 10, 20, 40 cm h-1) and fed them a mixture of 29 micropollutants at low concentrations. Total protein concentrations were used as a surrogate measurement for attached biomass and periodic tracer experiments were conducted to estimate dispersivity and assess changes in the depth of the biological zone in each biofilter. These data revealed significant differences in biofilm assembly among the biofilters; higher superficial velocities led to less concentrated surface biomass but a deeper biological zone and more total biomass. Eleven of the 29 MPs were biotransformed and nine of those could be evaluated to estimate biotransformation rates. The second-order rate constants for all nine MPs were not significantly different among the hydrodynamic regimes. However, a depth-based analysis of biotransformation rates revealed significantly greater second-order rate constants for 5 of the MPs at increasing biofilter depths, suggesting that sparse microbial communities found in deeper and more oligotrophic biofilters had a greater activity for the biotransformation of these MPs. The identification of several transformation products at similar relative distributions suggests that the greater activity was not the result of changing metabolic processes under more oligotrophic conditions. These results improve our fundamental understanding of biofilm assembly and functioning in biofiltration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M G Carpenter
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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48
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Tatari K, Gülay A, Thamdrup B, Albrechtsen HJ, Smets BF. Challenges in using allylthiourea and chlorate as specific nitrification inhibitors. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:301-305. [PMID: 28505572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Allylthiourea (ATU) and chlorate (ClO3-) are often used to selectively inhibit nitritation and nitratation. In this work we identified challenges with use of these compounds in inhibitory assays with filter material from a biological rapid sand filter for groundwater treatment. Inhibition was investigated in continuous-flow lab-scale columns, packed with filter material from a full-scale filter and supplied with NH4+ or NO2-. ATU concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mM interfered with the indophenol blue method for NH4+ quantification leading to underestimation of the measured NH4+ concentration. Interference was stronger at higher ATU levels and resulted in no NH4+ detection at 0.5 mM ATU. ClO3- at typical concentrations for inhibition assays (1-10 mM) inhibited nitratation by less than 6%, while nitritation was instead inhibited by 91% when NH4+ was supplied. On the other hand, nitratation was inhibited by 67-71% at 10-20 mM ClO3- when NO2- was supplied, suggesting significant nitratation inhibition at higher NO2- concentrations. No chlorite (ClO2-) was detected in the effluent, and thus we could not confirm that nitritation inhibition was caused by ClO3- reduction to ClO2-. In conclusion, ATU and ClO3- should be used with caution in inhibition assays, because analytical interference and poor selectivity for the targeted process may affect the experimental outcome and compromise result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tatari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - A Gülay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - B Thamdrup
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - H-J Albrechtsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - B F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark.
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49
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Flores Velázquez Y, Mijaylova Nacheva P. Removal of pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewater by aerated submerged attached growth reactors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 192:243-253. [PMID: 28178610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of four aerated submerged attached growth bioreactors was studied for the removal of three pharmaceutical micro-pollutants (fluoxetine, mefenamic acid and metoprolol) from municipal wastewater. Two packing materials (polyethylene tapes and polyurethane cubes) were compared and the effects of different organic loads (3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 12 gCOD m-2 d-1) and of the effluent recirculation were investigated. The obtained solid retention times were in the range of 4-37 d. The reactors packed with polyurethane cubes allowed 11-26% higher biomass accumulation than the ones with polyethylene tapes and higher solid retention times. The low organic loads, high solid retention times and the implementation of effluent recirculation enhanced the removal of the three pharmaceutical compounds. The highest removals were achieved at organic load of 3 gCOD m-2 d-1 and 50% of effluent recirculation, with hydraulic residence times of 3.1-4.3 h and the solid retention times of 19-32 d. At this condition, the removals of the fluoxetine, mefenamic acid and metoprolol were up to 95, 82 and 73% respectively. The reactors with polyurethane cubes showed higher removals compared with the ones packed with polyethylene tapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Flores Velázquez
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Morelos Campus, Paseo Cuauhnahuac 8532, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos 62550, Mexico
| | - P Mijaylova Nacheva
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology, Paseo Cuauhnahuac 8532, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos 62550, Mexico.
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50
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Xu Y, Yuan Z, Ni BJ. Biotransformation of acyclovir by an enriched nitrifying culture. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:25-32. [PMID: 27974268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the biodegradation of the antiviral drug acyclovir by an enriched nitrifying culture during ammonia oxidation and without the addition of ammonium. The study on kinetics was accompanied with the structural elucidation of biotransformation products through batch biodegradation experiments at two different initial levels of acyclovir (15 mg L-1 and 15 μg L-1). The pseudo first order kinetic studies of acyclovir in the presence of ammonium indicated the higher degradation rates under higher ammonia oxidation rates than those constant degradation rates in the absence of ammonium. The positive correlation was found between acyclovir degradation rate and ammonia oxidation rate, confirming the cometabolism of acyclovir by the enriched nitrifying culture in the presence of ammonium. Formation of the product carboxy-acyclovir (P239) indicated the main biotransformation pathway was aerobic oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl group, which was independent on the metabolic type (i.e. cometabolism or metabolism). This enzyme-linked reaction might be catalyzed by monooxygenase from ammonia oxidizing bacteria or heterotrophs. The formation of carboxy-acyclovir was demonstrated to be irrelevant to the acyclovir concentrations applied, indicating the revealed biotransformation pathway might be the dominant removal pathway of acyclovir in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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