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Kong C, Feng C, Li M, Chen N. A novel paraffin-based N/P controlled-release material for biostimulation of phenol biodegradation in groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135056. [PMID: 38981235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
To address the problem of the weak natural restoration ability of oligotrophic groundwater environments, a novel N/P controlled-release material (CRM) for biostimulation, prepared by an improved method, was developed. CRMs can encapsulate N and P (N/P) salts for sustained release in aquifers. Paraffin-based CRMs can be used to control N/P release rates by adjusting the particle size of CRMs and the mass ratio of the paraffin. The developed CRMs had a more remarkable adaptability to groundwater than other materials. Specifically, 0.4-cm CRMs released N/P stably and efficiently over a wide temperature range (7-25 ℃), and the release properties of various CRMs were not affected by pH. The release of N/P followed Fickian diffusion, and a dissolution-diffusion model was established to elucidate the mechanism of the controlled release. In contrast to bare N/P, CRMs obviously enhanced the biodegradation rate of phenol and prolonged the effectiveness of supplying N/P. The degradation rate of phenol in the CRM system increased by 20.8 %. The different supply modes of N/P, CRMs and bare N/P, resulted in differences in salinity. Metagenomic analysis showed that this difference changed the proportion of various phenol-degrading genera and thus changed the abundance of genes associated with the phenol degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopei Kong
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Han Z, Kang X, Singha K, Wu J, Shi X. Real-time monitoring of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of dissolved TCE by integrating electrical resistivity tomography and reactive transport modeling. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121195. [PMID: 38290236 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Successful in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) applications require real-time monitoring to assess the oxidant delivery and treatment effectiveness, and to support rapid and cost-effective decision making. Existing monitoring methods often suffer from poor spatial coverage given a limited number of boreholes in most field conditions. The ionic nature of oxidants (e.g., permanganate) makes time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) a potential monitoring tool for ISCO. However, time-lapse ERT is usually limited to qualitative analysis because it cannot distinguish between the electrical responses of the ionic oxidant and the ionic products from contaminant oxidation. This study proposed a real-time quantitative monitoring approach for ISCO by integrating time-lapse ERT and physics-based reactive transport models (RTM). Moving past common practice, where an electrical-conductivity anomaly in an ERT survey would be roughly linked to concentrations of anything ionic, we used PHT3D as our RTM to distinguish the contributions from the ionic oxidant and the ionic products and to quantify the spatio-temporal evolution of all chemical components. The proposed approach was evaluated through laboratory column experiments for trichloroethene (TCE) remediation. This ISCO experiment was monitored by both time-lapse ERT and downstream sampling. We found that changes in inverted bulk electrical conductivity, unsurprisingly, did not correlate well with the observed permanganate concentrations due to the ionic products. By integrating time-lapse ERT and RTM, the distribution of all chemical components was satisfactorily characterized and quantified. Measured concentration data from limited locations and the non-intrusive ERT data were found to be complementary for ISCO monitoring. The inverted bulk conductivity data were effective in capturing the spatial distribution of ionic species, while the concentration data provided information regarding dissolved TCE. Through incorporating multi-source data, the error of quantifying ISCO efficiency was kept at most 5 %, compared to errors that can reach up to 68 % when relying solely on concentration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueyuan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kamini Singha
- Hydrologic Sciences and Engineering Program, Geology and Geological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Yang X, Sun X, Yu J, Huang Z, Yu J, Deng S, Jiang Y, Zhu W. Insights into the potential applications of permanganate/peroxymonosulfate systems: enhancement via amorphous MnO 2, effects of water matrices, and optimization using response surface methodology. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4116-4128. [PMID: 38292265 PMCID: PMC10825629 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08084f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel self-catalytic oxidation system involving peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and permanganate (KMnO4), named as CUPP, to efficiently mineralize sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in groundwater. It was found that amorphous MnO2 derived from the in situ reduction of KMnO4 can directly adsorb HSO5-, a complex hydroxyl group, mediate the internal disproportionation reaction of HSO5- with the manganese complex, and effectively activate PMS, thereby promoting the oxidation of SMX and its degradation intermediates through sulfonate radiation. Furthermore, by using electron spin resonance (EPR), HPLC/MS full scan, and response surface methodology, the coexistence of HO˙, SO4-˙, O2-˙, 1O2, and active chlorine (Cl2, HOCl) in the CUPP system was confirmed. A total of 24 intermediate products were detected, and four possible degradation pathways were identified for SMX. In addition, it was found that the CUPP system has a strong impact resistance to pH variations, groundwater anions, and natural organic matter stress. Undoubtedly, the CUPP system presents an innovative approach for the degradation of various emerging organic pollutants in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshuang Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin 644000 P. R. China
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Siwei Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Yinying Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin 644000 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
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Zhao S, Wang J, Zhu W. Controlled-Release Materials for Remediation of Trichloroethylene Contamination in Groundwater. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7045. [PMID: 37959642 PMCID: PMC10650286 DOI: 10.3390/ma16217045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by trichloroethylene (TCE) presents a pressing environmental challenge with far-reaching consequences. Traditional remediation methods have shown limitations in effectively addressing TCE contamination. This study reviews the limitations of conventional remediation techniques and investigates the application of oxidant-based controlled-release materials, including encapsulated, loaded, and gel-based potassium permanganate since the year 2000. Additionally, it examines reductant controlled-release materials and electron donor-release materials such as tetrabutyl orthosilicate (TBOS) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The findings suggest that controlled-release materials offer a promising avenue for enhancing TCE degradation and promoting groundwater restoration. This study concludes by highlighting the future research directions and the potential of controlled-release materials in addressing TCE contamination challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Wenjin Zhu
- School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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5
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Qiu Y, Sun L, Cui J, Li Z, Zeng X, Liu Y, Alshawabkeh AN, Mao X. Revisiting the Role of Dissolved Silicate in Catalyzing the Hydrogen Peroxide Process with Iron-Bearing Minerals. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:3200-3205. [PMID: 39371348 PMCID: PMC11452147 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Injecting H2O2 into aquifers is a widely used in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology for groundwater remediation. Dissolved silicate was reported to decrease the reactivity of iron (Ⅲ)-bearing minerals toward H2O2. In this study, the effect of naturally occurring levels of dissolved silicate (≤1 mM) on the catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (CHP) with Fe(II) minerals is revaluated, and new observations that contradict with previous studies are reported. Specifically, dissolved silicate enhanced the CHP process by Fe(II) minerals. In the presence of Fe(II) minerals, siderite and ferrous oxide (FeO), which had a stronger dissolution tendency than Fe(III) minerals, dissolved silicate could prevent the dissolved iron species from precipitation through a coordinating effect, therefore reinforcing the homogeneous CHP process and the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. The solution pH decreased due to the generation of degradation intermediates, and the solution acidification in turn promoted further dissolution of Fe(II) minerals. FeO particles exhibited the strongest silicate adsorption among the minerals, therefore a higher initial silicate concentration of 1 mM was needed to observe the enhancing effect. This study redefines the role of dissolved silicate on CHP process and provides clues to the design of efficient H2O2-based ISCO system for the remediation of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Qiu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lingkai Sun
- Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Jiaxin Cui
- Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Zijun Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Hebei Delong Environmental Engineering Company, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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6
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Zhu X, Ji H, Hua G, Zhou L. Dynamic Release Characteristics and Kinetics of a Persulfate Sustained-Release Material. TOXICS 2023; 11:829. [PMID: 37888680 PMCID: PMC10611088 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Sustained-release materials are increasingly being used in the delivery of oxidants for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation. Successful implementation of sustained-release materials depends on a clear understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of sustained release. In this research, a columnar sustained-release material (PS@PW) was prepared with paraffin wax and sodium persulfate (PS), and column experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of the PS@PW diameter and PS/PW mass ratio on PS release. The results demonstrated that a reduction in diameter led to an increase in both the rate and proportion of PS release, as well as a diminished lifespan of release. The release process followed the second-order kinetics, and the release rate constant was positively correlated with the PS@PW diameter. A matrix boundary diffusion model was utilized to determine the PS@PW diffusion coefficient of the PS release process, and the release lifespan of a material with a length of 500 mm and a diameter of 80 mm was predicted to be more than 280 days. In general, this research provided a better understanding of the release characteristics and kinetics of persulfate from a sustained-release system and could lead to the development of columnar PS@PW as a practical oxidant for in situ chemical oxidation of contaminated aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (H.J.); (G.H.)
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Hanghang Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (H.J.); (G.H.)
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Gang Hua
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (H.J.); (G.H.)
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lai Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.Z.); (H.J.); (G.H.)
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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7
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Nguyen TM, Chen HH, Chang YC, Ning TC, Chen KF. Remediation of groundwater contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) using a long-lasting persulfate/biochar barrier. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138954. [PMID: 37201606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by chlorinated solvents causes potential threats to water resources and human health. Therefore, it is important to develop effective technologies to remediate contaminated groundwater. This study uses biodegradable hydrophilic polymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as binders to manufacture persulfate (PS) tablets for the sustained release of persulfate to treat trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater. The release time for different tablets decreases in the order: HPMC (8-15 days) > HEC (7-8 days) > PVP (2-5 days). The efficiency with which persulfate is released is: HPMC (73-79%) > HEC (60-72%) > PVP (12-31%). HPMC is the optimal binder for the manufacture of persulfate tablets and persulfate is released from a tablet of HPMC/PS ratio (wt/wt) of 4/3 for 15 days at a release rate of 1127 mg/day. HPMC/PS/biochar (BC) ratios (wt/wt/wt) between 1/1/0.02 and 1/1/0.0333 are suitable for PS/BC tablets. PS/BC tablets release persulfate for 9-11 days at release rates of 1243 to 1073 mg/day. The addition of too much biochar weakens the structure of the tablets, which results in a rapid release of persulfate. TCE is oxidized by a PS tablet with an efficiency of 85% and a PS/BC tablet eliminates more TCE, with a removal efficiency of 100%, due to oxidation and adsorption during the 15 days of reaction. Oxidation is the predominant mechanism for TCE elimination by a PS/BC tablet. The adsorption of TCE by BC fits well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the pseudo-first-order kinetics, which describes the removal of TCE by PS and PS/BC tablets. The results of this study show that a PS/BC tablet can be used in a permeable reactive barrier for long-term passive remediation of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Manh Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Ning
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Fan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan.
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Wu S, Deng S, Xia F, Han X, Ju T, Xiao H, Xu X, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Xi B. A novel thermosensitive persulfate controlled-release hydrogel based on agarose/silica composite for sustained nitrobenzene degradation from groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130619. [PMID: 37056022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing risk of organic contamination of groundwater poses a serious threat to the environment and human health, causing an urgent need to develop long-lasting and adaptable remediation materials. Controlled-release materials (CRMs) are capable of encapsulating oxidants to achieve long-lasting release properties in aquifers and considered to be effective strategies in groundwater remediation. In this study, novel hydrogels (ASGs) with thermosensitive properties were prepared based on agarose and silica to achieve controlled persulfate (PS) release. By adjusting the composition ratio, the gelation time and internal pore structure of the hydrogels were regulated for groundwater application, which in turn affected the PS encapsulated amount and release properties. The hydrogels exhibited significant temperature responsiveness, with 6.8 times faster gelation rates and 2.8 times longer controlled release ability at 10 ℃ than at 30 ℃. The ASGs were further combined with zero-valent iron to achieve long-lasting degradation of the typical nitrobenzene compound 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and the degradation performance was maintained at 50 % within 14 PV, which was significantly improved compared with that of the PS/ZVI system. This study provided new concepts for the design of controlled-release materials and theoretical support for the remediation of organic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tianyu Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Pandey K, Saha S. Encapsulation of zero valent iron nanoparticles in biodegradable amphiphilic janus particles for groundwater remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130501. [PMID: 36462240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) nanoparticles have been widely explored for in situ ground water remediation to degrade both non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) and water-soluble contaminants. However, they usually suffer from rapid oxidation and severe agglomerations restricting their delivery at NAPL/water interface. Aim of this study was to encapsulate the ZVI nanoparticles (50 nm) in amphiphilic bicompartmental Janus particles (711 ± 11 nm) fabricated by EHDC (electrohydrodynamic co-jetting). The dual compartments were composed of PLA (polylactic acid) and a blend of PLA, PE (poly (hexamethylene 2,3-O-isopropylidenetartarate) and PAG (photo acid generator). Upon UV irradiation, PAG releases acid to unmask hydroxyl groups present in PE to make only PE compartment hydrophilic. The entrapped ZVI nanoparticles (20 w/w%; ∼99 % encapsulation efficiency) were observed to degrade both hydrophilic (methyl orange dye) and hydrophobic (trichloro ethylene) contaminants. UV treated Janus particles provided stable dispersion (dispersed up to 3 weeks in water), prolonged reactivity (∼24 days in contaminated water), and recyclability (recyclable up to 9 times) as compared to non-treated ones. In addition, the amphiphilic Janus particles demonstrated high transportability (>95%) through porous media (sand column) with very low attachment efficiency (0.07), making them a promising candidate to target contaminants at NAPL/water interface prevailed in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Pandey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
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10
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Gallo A, Sprocati R, Rolle M, Sethi R. Electrokinetic delivery of permanganate in clay inclusions for targeted contaminant degradation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 251:104102. [PMID: 36372631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrokinetics (EK) has great potential to deliver reactants in impervious porous media, thus overcoming some of the challenges in the remediation of contaminants trapped in low-permeability zones. In this work we experimentally investigate electrokinetic transport in heterogeneous porous media consisting of a sandy matrix with a target clay inclusion. We demonstrate the efficient EK-delivery of permanganate in the target clay zone (transport velocity 0.3-0.5 m day-1) and its reactivity with Methylene Blue, a positively charged contaminant trapped within the inclusion. The delivery method was optimized using a KH2PO4/K2HPO4 buffer to attenuate the effect of electrolysis reactions in the electrode chambers, thus mitigating the propagation of pH fronts and preventing the phenomenon of permanganate stalling. The experiments showed that the buffer electrical conductivity greatly impacts the potential gradient in the heterogeneous porous medium with implications on the observed rates of electrokinetic transport (variation up to 40%). The reactive experiments provided direct evidence of the permanganate penetration within the clay and of its capability to degrade the target immobilized contaminant. The experimental results were analyzed using a process-based model, elucidating the governing transport mechanisms and highlighting the effect of different mass transfer processes on conservative and reactive electrokinetic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gallo
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sprocati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Massimo Rolle
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rajandrea Sethi
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
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11
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Wang Z, Yang Z, Fagerlund F, Zhong H, Hu R, Niemi A, Illangasekare T, Chen YF. Pore-Scale Mechanisms of Solid Phase Emergence During DNAPL Remediation by Chemical Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11343-11353. [PMID: 35904865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) has proven successful in the remediation of aquifers contaminated with dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). However, the treatment efficiency can often be hampered by the formation of solids or gas, reducing the contact between remediation agents and residual DNAPLs. To further improve the efficiency of ISCO, fundamental knowledge is needed about the complex multiphase flow and reactive transport processes as new solid and fluid phases emerge at the microscale. Here, via microfluidic experiments, we study the pore-scale dynamics of trichloroethylene degradation by permanganate. We visualize how the remediation evolves under the influence of solid phase emergence and explore the roles of injection rate, oxidant concentration, and stabilization supplement. Combining image processing, pressure analysis, and stoichiometry calculations, we provide comprehensive descriptions of the oxidant concentration-dependent growth patterns of the solid phase and their impact on the remediation efficiency. We further corroborate the stabilization mechanism provided by phosphate supplement, which is effective in inhibiting solid phase generation and thus highly beneficial for the oxidation remediation. This work elucidates the pore-scale mechanisms during remediation of chlorinated solvents with a particular context in the solid phase production and the associated effects, which is of general significance to understanding various processes in natural and engineered systems involving solid phase emergence or aggregation phenomena, such as groundwater and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhibing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fritjof Fagerlund
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ran Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Auli Niemi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tissa Illangasekare
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yi-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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12
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Wei KH, Ma J, Xi BD, Yu MD, Cui J, Chen BL, Li Y, Gu QB, He XS. Recent progress on in-situ chemical oxidation for the remediation of petroleum contaminated soil and groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128738. [PMID: 35338938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accidental oil leaks and spills can often result in severe soil and groundwater pollution. In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a powerful and efficient remediation technology. In this review, the applications and recent advances of three commonly applied in-situ oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, and permanganate), and the gap in remediation efficiency between lab-scale and field-scale applications is critically assessed. Feasible improvements for these measures, especially solutions for the 'rebound effect', are discussed. The removal efficiencies reported in 108 research articles related to petroleum-contaminated soil and groundwater were analyzed. The average remediation efficiency of groundwater (82.7%) by the three oxidants was higher than that of soil (65.8%). A number of factors, including non-aqueous phase liquids, adsorption effect, the aging process of contaminants, low-permeability zones, and vapor migration resulted in a decrease in the remediation efficiency and caused the residual contaminants to rebound from 19.1% of the original content to 57.7%. However, the average remediation efficiency of ISCO can be increased from 40.9% to 75.5% when combined with other techniques. In the future, improving the utilization efficiency of reactive species and enhancing the contact efficiency between oxidants and petroleum contaminants will be worthy of attention. Multi-technical combinations, such as the ISCO coupled with phase-transfer, viscosity control, controlled release or natural attenuation, can be effective methods to solve the rebound problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Bei-Dou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Min-Da Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bao-Liang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qing-Bao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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13
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Cho YC, Hsu CC, Lin YP. Integration of in-situ chemical oxidation and permeable reactive barrier for the removal of chlorophenols by copper oxide activated peroxydisulfate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128726. [PMID: 35316633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and permeable reactive barrier (PRB) have been used in field practices for contaminated groundwater remediation. In this lab-scale study, a novel system integrating ISCO and PRB using peroxydisulfate (PDS) as the oxidant and copper oxide (CuO) as the reactive barrier material was developed for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). The influences of chlorophenol concentration and flow rate on the system performance were first evaluated using synthetic solutions. The removal efficiencies of target chlorophenols were greater than 90% when sufficient PDS was supplied ([PDS]/[chlorophenol]>1). It was also found that the removal efficiencies decreased with the increasing chlorophenol concentrations (10-150 μM) and flow rates (1.8-14.4 mL/min). When three real groundwaters were employed, the removal efficiencies of 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP slightly reduced to 90% and 85%, respectively. For PCP, the removal efficiency dropped to 20% in two groundwaters with relatively high levels of alkalinity. The influences of pH and TOC were found to be insignificant for the range investigated (pH 6.5-8.7 and TOC = 0.4-1.5 mgC/L). The reduced removal efficiency could be due to the formation of weaker radicals and the stronger competition between bicarbonate ions and PDS for the activation sites on the CuO surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chin Cho
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; NTU Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Chang YC, Chen KF, Chen TY, Chen HH, Chen WY, Mao YC. Development of novel persulfate tablets for passive trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133906. [PMID: 35143855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a biodegradable binder, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), was used for the first time to mix with persulfate powder for developing novel persulfate-releasing tablets to remediate trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater. To obtain feasible parameters for the preparation of persulfate tablets, different pressures, HPMC/tablet mass ratios, and persulfate dosages were evaluated. The results showed that the persulfate tablet released 2868 mg-persulfate/day for 12 days under the optimal manufacturing parameters of HPMC/tablet mass ratio of 0.5 and pressure of 4.90 × 108 N/m2. Persulfate diffusion and gel layer erosion were dominant mechanisms for controlling the persulfate released in water. The persulfate release time and rate can be controlled by adjusting the persulfate dosage at the optimal HPMC/tablet ratio. In the column experiment, TCE with an initial concentration of 70 mg/L reached 55% removal efficiency by the tablet, which showed that the developed tablet was capable of degrading highly concentrated TCE. The results of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy showed that both SO4-· and ·OH were responsible for the oxidation of TCE. During 150 days of incubation, the biodegrading efficiency of HPMC by microbes in soil and activated sludge was 67% and 80%, respectively, under aerobic conditions, while 58% of HPMC was removed by soil bacteria under anaerobic conditions. The results showed that persulfate tablets could be used as a passive groundwater remediation system. There is no waste generated after persulfate is completely released during groundwater remediation. The developed persulfate tablets are environmentally friendly and meet the green remediation aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Fan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taiping, Taichung, 411030, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Mao
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
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15
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Jeong WG, Kim JG, Baek K. Removal of 1,2-dichloroethane in groundwater using Fenton oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128253. [PMID: 35033913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) is widely used for the synthesis of vinyl chloride monomers. Despite the high demand for 1,2-DCA, it poses a risk to the environment because it is persistent and carcinogenic. Therefore, in this study, several reagents (dithionite, hydrosulfide, sulfite, persulfate, sulfate radicals, and hydroxyl radicals) were evaluated for the degradation of 1,2-DCA. Among these, the hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton reaction were the most suitable oxidant, decomposing 92% of 1,2-DCA. Chloride, one of the final oxidized products, was observed, which supported the oxidation reaction. Moreover, with an increasing concentration of hydroxyl radicals, the degradation of 1,2-DCA increased. Furthermore, sufficient amounts of hydrogen peroxide were more important than Fe(II) in the decomposition of 1,2-DCA. The radical reaction can generate larger molecules via the degradation of 1,2-DCA, which are degraded over time. The applicability of Fenton oxidation was evaluated using real 1,2-DCA-contaminated groundwater. Although the degradation of target contaminant was lowered due to the alkaline pH and the presence of chloride and bicarbonate ions in groundwater, the Fenton reaction was still efficient to oxidize 1,2-DCA. These results indicate that Fenton oxidation is an effective technique for the treatment of 1,2-DCA in contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gune Jeong
- Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gook Kim
- Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental, and Resources-Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Deng J, Zhan X, Wu F, Gao S, Huang LZ. Fast dechlorination of trichloroethylene by a bimetallic Fe(OH)2/Ni composite. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Bao J, Li K, Ning P, Wang C, Song X, Luo Y, Sun X. Study on the role of copper converter slag in simultaneously removing SO 2 and NO x using KMnO 4/copper converter slag slurry. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 108:33-43. [PMID: 34465435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To achieve "waste controlled by waste", a novel wet process using KMnO4/copper converter slag slurry for simultaneously removing SO2 and NOx from acid-making tail gas was proposed. Through the solid-liquid separation for copper slag slurry, the liquid-phase part has a critical influence on removing NOx and SO2. Also, the leached metal ions played a crucial role in the absorption of SO2 and NOx. Subsequently, the effects of single/multi-metal ions on NOx removal was investigated. The results showed that the leached metal from copper converter slag (Al3+, Cu2+, and Mg2+) and KMnO4 had a synergistic effect on NOx removal, thereby improving the NOx removal efficiency. Whereas Fe2+ had an inhibitory effect on the NOx removal owing to the reaction between Fe2+ and KMnO4, thereby consuming the KMnO4. Besides, SO2 was converted to SO42- completely partly due to the liquid catalytic oxidation by metal ions. The XRD and XPS results indicated that the Fe (II) species (Fe2SiO4, Fe3O4) in copper slag can react with H+ ions with the generation of Fe2+, and further consumed the KMnO4, thereby resulting in a decrease in the NOx removal. The characterization of the slags and solutions before and after reaction led us to propose the possible mechanisms. The role of copper slag is as follows: (1) the alkaline substances in copper slag can absorb SO2 and NO2 by KMnO4 oxidation. (2) copper slag may function as a catalyst to accelerate SO2 conversion and improve NOx removal by synergistic effect between leached metal ions and KMnO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Bao
- Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kai Li
- Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chi Wang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xin Song
- Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yansu Luo
- Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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18
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Kambhu A, Li Y, Gilmore T, Comfort S. Modeling the release and spreading of permanganate from aerated slow-release oxidants in a laboratory flow tank. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123719. [PMID: 33264895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerated, slow-release oxidants are a relatively new technology for treating contaminated aquifers. A critical need for advancing this technology is developing a reliable method for predicting the radius of influence (ROI) around each drive point. In this work, we report a series of laboratory flow tank experiments and numerical modeling efforts designed to predict the release and spreading of permanganate from aerated oxidant candles (oxidant-wax composites). To mimic the design of the oxidant delivery system used in the field, a double screen was used in a series of flow tank experiments where the oxidant was placed inside the inner screen and air was bubbled upward in the gap between the screens. This airflow pattern creates an airlift pump that causes water and oxidant to be dispersed from the top of the outer screen and drawn in at the bottom. Using this design, we observed that permanganate spreading and ROI increased with aeration and decreased with advection. A coupled bubble flow and transport model was able to successfully reproduce observed results by mimicking the upward shape and spreading of permanganate under various aeration and advection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kambhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0856, USA; Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Yusong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0856, USA.
| | - Troy Gilmore
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA; Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, United States.
| | - Steve Comfort
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
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19
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Zhang M, Dong J. Phase-transfer catalysis enhanced remediation of trichloroethylene polluted groundwater by potassium permanganate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3431-3442. [PMID: 31074331 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1611937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As one of the remediation reagents, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is injected to the aquifer, degrading trichloroethylene (TCE) by chemical oxidation. This study investigated the kinetics of TCE degradation by series of batch experiments, as well as the influence of medium size. Moreover, phase-transfer catalyst (PTCs), such as pentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (PTPP) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) were used for enhancing oxidation. The batch experimental results showed that in the absence of PTC, the removal efficiency of TCE was 36.14% and 86.79% within 4 and 30 min, respectively. However, the removal rate of TCE was up to 67.48% and 49.90% within 4 min for 15 mol% PTPP- and SHMP-added system, respectively. The results indicated that PTPP and SHMP promoted the depletion of M n O 4 - to oxidize DNAPL TCE, but its effectiveness varied with the addition ratio of PTPP or SHMP. Its promotion was more remarkable when PTC added with a higher proportion. The alleviation of MnO2 by phosphates ( P O 4 3 - , H P O 4 2 - and H 2 P O 4 - ) or PTC in the presence of media was qualitatively investigated. Results showed that the content of MnO2 in the dissolved phase during the same reaction period decreased by PTC. Moreover, H P O 4 2 - and SHMP have apparent beneficial effects of reducing MnO2 formation. The presence of aquifer media has a pH buffer and a negative influence on the reaction between TCE and the oxidant; moreover, as particle size of media decreased, the negative effect increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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20
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Ma Y, Feng Y, Feng Y, Liao G, Sun Y, Ma J. Characteristics and mechanisms of controlled-release KMnO 4 for groundwater remediation: Experimental and modeling investigations. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115385. [PMID: 31855695 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release materials (CRMs) are emerging oxidant delivery techniques for in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation. Successful implementation of CRM relies on good understandings of the kinetics and mechanism of controlled release of reactive agents. In this study, batch experiments and model simulations were conducted to explore the impacts of CRM properties (composition and size) and environmental conditions (temperature, pH, water volume and anions) on KMnO4 release from KMnO4 -paraffin controlled release beads. Experimental results indicated that higher KMnO4: paraffin mass ratio resulted in shorter release longevities and higher release rate. Larger bead resulted in lower release rate, longer release longevity, and more KMnO4 released. Higher incubation temperature resulted in higher release rate and shorter release longevity, but did not affect the total mass of KMnO4 released. Acidic pH decreased the total mass of KMnO4 released while alkaline pH did not affect KMnO4 release. The presence of SO42-, CO32-, Cl- and Br- had negligible impacts on KMnO4 release. A dissolution-diffusion conceptual model was developed. The above experimental observation and the associated controlled release mechanisms can be qualitatively explained by the conceptual model. A more detailed two-film boundary mathematical model was developed to simulate KMnO4 release process. Comparison of modeling results with experimental data suggest that the new mathematical model gave a good quantitatively predication. Overall, this study shows that properly designed CRM can sustain release for years, thus representing a cost-effective and low-maintenance groundwater remediation technology. Both CRM properties and environmental conditions significantly affect the release kinetics and longevity, therefore these factors should be considered in the design and maintenance of CRM-based ISCO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Gaoming Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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21
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Zhang M, Dong J, Cai P. Mechanisms of mass transfer enhancement by phase-transfer catalysis for permanganate oxidizing dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) TCE. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124867. [PMID: 31542587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) have been shown to be effective in lowering the limitation of mass transfer between aqueous oxidant MnO4- and NAPLs in in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technologies for remediation of NAPLs. This work researched the effects of pentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (PTPP, used as the representative PTC) for the enhancement of TCE oxidation, the extent of different treatment effects contributions and generalizability of phase transfer. Experimental results revealed that MnO4- exchanged with Br- in PTPP by ion exchange mechanism and then transferred to NAPL phase due to biphasic nature of PTPP-MnO4-. PTPP enhanced TCE dissolution in aqueous phase but had no significant effect on TCE solubilization. Enhanced TCE dissolution gradually weakened after 2.0 h and disappeared after 5.5 h, while the percentage of MnO4- in phase transfer was 14.8% at 7.5 h, which indicated that dissolution acceleration was only effective at initial stage of reaction (0-2.5 h). Therefore, persistent phase transfer process played the leading role in TCE remediation enhancement. Moreover, for different NAPL phase, more effective phase transfer could be achieved in NAPLs with higher solubility and weaker hydrophobicity. The best-fit polynomial relationship (R2 = 0.992) existed between the percentage amount of MnO4- transferred and the solubility of NAPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Jun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Peiyao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
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22
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Cho YC, Lin RY, Lin YP. Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by CuO-activated peroxydisulfate: Importance of surface-bound radicals and reaction kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134379. [PMID: 31522041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxydisulfate (PDS, S2O82-) is a promising oxidant for water treatment and contaminated groundwater remediation. It requires activation to generate sulfate radical (SO4-) and hydroxyl radical (OH) for indirect oxidation of organic pollutants. Recently, efforts were devoted to developing PDS activation systems for direct oxidation of organic pollutants without producing radicals. However, the mechanism was still ambiguous and the kinetics was either not quantified or empirical in nature. In this research, we examined the activation of PDS by CuO for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Dual-compound control experiments, radical scavenging tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies showed that surface-bound OH generated from the adsorbed PDS was the main reactive species responsible for the degradation of 2,4-DCP. A kinetic model considering the important reaction steps, including the adsorption of PDS onto CuO, activation of adsorbed PDS to form surface-bound SO4- and then surface-bound OH, and degradation of 2,4-DCP by surface-bound OH, was developed to better elucidate the reaction kinetics. The results suggested that the overall reaction kinetics of 2,4-DCP degradation was regulated by the adsorption of PDS onto CuO and the electron transfer between surface Cu and adsorbed PDS to form surface-bound SO4-. The developed kinetic model could serve as a framework to characterize other persulfate oxidation systems relying on surface-bound radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chin Cho
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; NTU Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen BY, Kuo HW, Sharma VK, Den W. Chitosan Encapsulation of Ferrate VI for Controlled Release to Water:Mechanistic Insights and Degradation of Organic Contaminant. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18268. [PMID: 31797977 PMCID: PMC6892851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraoxy-anion of iron in +6 oxidation state (FeVIO42−, FeVI), commonly called ferrate, has shown tremendous potential as a green oxidative agent for decontaminating water and air. Encapsulation of solid potassium salt of ferrate (K2FeO4) circumvents the inherent drawbacks of the instability of ferrate under humid conditions. In the encapsulated strategy, controlled release without exposing the solid ferrate to the humid environment avoids self-decomposition of the oxidant by water in the air, and the ferrate is mostly used to decontaminate water efficiently. This study demonstrated the formulation of oxidative microcapsules with natural materials present in chitosan, whose release rate of the core material can be controlled by the type of intermediate hydrocarbon layer and the pH-dependent swelling of chitosan shell. The pH played a pivotal role in swelling chitosan shell and releasing the core oxidant. In a strong acidic solution, chitosan tended to swell quickly and release FeVI at a faster rate than under neutral conditions. Additionally, among the several long-chain hydrocarbon compounds, oleic acid exhibited the strongest “locking” effect when applied as the intermediate layer, giving rise to the slow release of FeVI. Coconut oil and mineral oil, in comparison, allowed FeVI to penetrate the layer within shorter lengths of time and showed comparable degrees of degradation of target contaminant, methylene orange, under ambient temperature and near-neutral conditions. These findings have practical ramifications for remediating environmental and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yen Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsuen-Wen Kuo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Walter Den
- Institute for Water Resources Science and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Yang ZH, Ou JH, Dong CD, Chen CW, Lin WH, Kao CM. Remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater using KMnO 4 oxidation: laboratory and field-scale studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34027-34038. [PMID: 30232775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) conduct laboratory bench and column experiments to determine the oxidation kinetics and optimal operational parameters for trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater remediation using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as oxidant and (2) to conduct a pilot-scale study to assess the efficiency of TCE remediation by KMnO4 oxidation. The controlling factors in laboratory studies included soil oxidant demand (SOD), molar ratios of KMnO4 to TCE, KMnO4 decay rate, and molar ratios of Na2HPO4 to KMnO4 for manganese dioxide (MnO2) production control. Results show that a significant amount of KMnO4 was depleted when it was added in a soil/water system due to the existence of natural soil organic matters. The presence of natural organic material in soils can exert a significant oxidant demand thereby reducing the amount of KMnO4 available for the destruction of TCE as well as the overall oxidation rate of TCE. Supplement of higher concentrations of KMnO4 is required in the soil systems with high SOD values. Higher KMnO4 application resulted in more significant H+ and subsequent pH drop. The addition of Na2HPO4 could minimize the amount of produced MnO2 particles and prevent the clogging of soil pores, and TCE oxidation efficiency would not be affected by Na2HPO4. To obtain a complete TCE removal, the amount of KMnO4 used to oxidize TCE needs to be higher than the theoretical molar ratio of KMnO4 to TCE based on the stoichiometry equation. Relatively lower oxidation rates are obtained with lower initial TCE concentrations. The half-life of TCE decreased with increased KMnO4 concentrations. Results from the pilot-scale study indicate that a significant KMnO4 decay occurs after the injection due to the reaction of KMnO4 with soil organic matters, and thus, the amount of KMnO4, which could be transported from the injection point to the downgradient area, would be low. The effective influence zone of the KMnO4 oxidation was limited to the KMnO4 injection area (within a 3-m radius zone). Migration of KMnO4 to farther downgradient area was limited due to the reaction of KMnO4 to natural organic matters. To retain a higher TCE removal efficiency, continuous supplement of high concentrations of KMnO4 is required. The findings would be useful in designing an in situ field-scale ISCO system for TCE-contaminated groundwater remediation using KMnO4 as the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Han Yang
- Apollo Technology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung City, 80248, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Hau Ou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424, Taiwan.
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Mopoung S, Amornsakch P, Mopoung R, Thianngam P. Potassium Permanganate Loaded Activated Carbon Production from Pineapple Leaf at Low Pyrolysis Temperature for Water Hardness Removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2019.126.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Gonzalez-Olmos R, Anfruns A, Aguirre NV, Masaguer V, Concheso A, Montes-Morán MA. Use of by-products from integrated steel plants as catalysts for the removal of trichloroethylene from groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:164-171. [PMID: 30227307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of tricholoroethylene (TCE) has been investigated in this work through the Fenton-like process using different catalytic materials obtained from metallic by-products of the steel industry. These materials are the slag produced during the transformation of molten pig iron produced in a blast furnace into liquid steel (SLD), the dry particles (or dust) obtained from the bag filters installed in the coking installations to minimize diffuse emissions (POCA) and the dry particles obtained from the liquid sludge from the scrubber (LHA). This study aims to explore the potential of these materials for being used as permeable catalytic barriers to treat groundwater polluted with trichloroethylene (TCE). The wastes used as catalysts were chemically and physically characterized to determine their composition and porosity. The results of this study point out that among the different catalysts used LHA showed the highest catalytic activity to degrade TCE using hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, LHA was the most efficient catalyst using hydrogen peroxide due to its higher stoichiometric efficiency. It is thus concluded that LHA has a high potential to be combined with hydrogen peroxide in permeable catalytic barriers to remove organic compounds from groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alba Anfruns
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noelia V Aguirre
- ArcelorMittal Global R&D Asturias, CDT, Apartado 90, 33400 Avilés, Spain
| | - Victoria Masaguer
- ArcelorMittal Global R&D Asturias, CDT, Apartado 90, 33400 Avilés, Spain
| | - Alejandro Concheso
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Montes-Morán
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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O'Connor D, Hou D, Ok YS, Song Y, Sarmah AK, Li X, Tack FM. Sustainable in situ remediation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in groundwater with controlled release materials: A review. J Control Release 2018; 283:200-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Application of Fe-Cu/Biochar System for Chlorobenzene Remediation of Groundwater in Inhomogeneous Aquifers. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorobenzene (CB), as a typical Volatile Organic Contaminants (VOC), is toxic, highly persistent and easily migrates in water, posing a significant risk to human health and subsurface ecosystems. Therefore, exploring effective approaches to remediate groundwater contaminated by CB is essential. As an enhanced micro-electrolysis system for CB-contaminated groundwater remediation, this study attempted to couple the iron-copper bimetal with biochar. Two series of columns using sands with different grain diameters were used, consisting of iron, copper and biochar fillings as the permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), to simulate the remediation of CB-contaminated groundwater in homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers. Regardless of the presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous porous media, the CB concentrations in the effluent from the PRB columns were significantly lower than the natural sandy columns, suggesting that the iron and copper powders coupled with biochar particles could have a significant removal effect compared to the natural sand porous media in the first columns. CB was transported relatively quickly in the heterogeneous porous media, likely due to the fact that the contaminant residence time is proportional to the infiltration velocities in the different types of porous media. The average effluent CB concentrations from the heterogeneous porous media were lower than those from homogeneous porous media. The heterogeneity retarded the vertical infiltration of CB, leading to its extended lateral distribution. During the treatment process, benzene and phenol were observed as the products of CB degradation. The ultimate CB removal efficiency was 61.4% and 68.1%, demonstrating that the simulated PRB system with the mixture of iron, copper and biochar was effective at removing CB from homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers.
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Fu X, Brusseau ML, Zang X, Lu S, Zhang X, Farooq U, Qiu Z, Sui Q. Enhanced effect of HAH on citric acid-chelated Fe(II)-catalyzed percarbonate for trichloroethene degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24318-24326. [PMID: 28889360 PMCID: PMC5772937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the impact of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HAH) addition on enhancing the degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) by the citric acid (CA)-chelated Fe(II)-catalyzed percarbonate (SPC) system. The results of a series of batch-reactor experiments show that TCE removal with HAH addition was increased from approximately 57 to 79% for a CA concentration of 0.1 mM and from 89 to 99.6% for a 0.5 mM concentration. Free-radical probe tests elucidated the existence of hydroxyl radical (HO•) and superoxide anion radical (O2•-) in both CA/Fe(II)/SPC and HAH/CA/Fe(II)/SPC systems. However, higher removal rates of radical probe compounds were observed in the HAH/CA/Fe(II)/SPC system, indicating that HAH addition enhanced the generation of both free radicals. In addition, increased contribution of O2•- in the HAH/CA/Fe(II)/SPC system compared to the CA/Fe(II)/SPC system was verified by free-radical scavengers tests. Complete TCE dechlorination was confirmed based on the total mass balance of the released Cl- species. Lower concentrations of formic acid were produced in the later stages of the reaction for the HAH/CA/Fe(II)/SPC system, suggesting that HAH addition favors complete TCE mineralization. Studies of the impact of selected groundwater matrix constituents indicate that TCE removal in the HAH/CA/Fe(II)/SPC system is slightly affected by initial solution pH, with higher removal rates under acidic and near neutral conditions. Although HCO3- was observed to have an adverse impact on TCE removal for the HAH/CA/Fe(II)/SPC system, the addition of HAH reduced its inhibitory effect compared to the CA/Fe(II)/SPC system. Finally, TCE removal in actual groundwater was much significant with the addition of HAH to the CA/Fe(II)/SPC system. The study results indicate that HAH amendment has potential to enhance effective remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaori Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Soil, Water and Environmental Science Department, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Arizona, 429 Shantz Bldg., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mark L Brusseau
- Soil, Water and Environmental Science Department, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Arizona, 429 Shantz Bldg., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xueke Zang
- Shanghai Institute of Geological Engineering Exploration, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Shuguang Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhaofu Qiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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30
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Wang N, Jia D, Jin Y, Sun SP, Ke Q. Enhanced Fenton-like degradation of TCE in sand suspensions with magnetite by NTA/EDTA at circumneutral pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17598-17605. [PMID: 28597389 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in sand suspensions by Fenton-like reaction with magnetite (Fe3O4) in the presence of various chelators at circumneutral pH. The results showed that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) greatly improved the rate of TCE degradation, while [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (s,s-EDDS), malonate, citrate, and phytic acid (IP6) have minimal effects on TCE degradation. Quenching tests suggested that TCE was mainly degraded by hydroxyl radical (HO·) attack, with about 90% inhibition on TCE degradation by the addition of HO· scavenger 2-propanol. The presence of 0.1-0.5% Fe3O4/sand (w/w) contributed to 40% increase in TCE degradation rates. In particular, the use of chelators can avoid high concentrations of H2O2 required for the Fenton-like reaction with Fe3O4, and moreover improve the stoichiometric efficiencies of TCE degradation to H2O2 consumption. The suitable concentrations of chelators (EDTA and NTA) and H2O2 were suggested to be 0.5 and 20 mM, respectively. Under the given conditions, degradation rate constants of TCE were obtained at 0.360 h-1 with EDTA and 0.526 h-1 with NTA, respectively. Enhanced degradation of TCE and decreased usage of H2O2 in this investigation suggested that Fenton-like reaction of Fe3O4 together with NTA (or EDTA) may be a promising process for remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Daqing Jia
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Jin
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Peng Sun
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Ke
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China
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31
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Christenson M, Kambhu A, Reece J, Comfort S, Brunner L. A five-year performance review of field-scale, slow-release permanganate candles with recommendations for second-generation improvements. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:239-247. [PMID: 26901481 PMCID: PMC4922425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In 2009, we identified a TCE plume at an abandoned landfill that was located in a low permeable silty-clay aquifer. To treat the TCE, we manufactured slow-release potassium permanganate cylinders (oxidant candles) that had diameters of either 5.1 or 7.6 cm and were 91.4 cm long. In 2010, we compared two methods of candle installation by inserting equal masses of the oxidant candles (7.6-cm vs 5.1-cm dia). The 5.1-cm dia candles were inserted with direct-push rods while the 7.6-cm candles were housed in screens and lowered into 10 permanent wells. Since installation, the 7.6-cm oxidant candles have been refurbished approximately once per year by gently scraping off surface oxides. In 2012, we reported initial results; in this paper, we provide a 5-yr performance review since installation. Temporal sampling shows oxidant candles placed in wells have steadily reduced migrating TCE concentrations. Moreover, these candles still maintain an inner core of oxidant that has yet to contribute to the dissolution front and should provide several more years of service. Oxidant candles inserted by direct-push have stopped reducing TCE concentrations because a MnO2 scale developed on the outside of the candles. To counteract oxide scaling, we fabricated a second generation of oxidant candles that contain sodium hexametaphosphate. Laboratory experiments (batch and flow-through) show that these second-generation permanganate candles have better release characteristics and are less prone to oxide scaling. This improvement should reduce the need to perform maintenance on candles placed in wells and provide greater longevity for candles inserted by direct-push.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christenson
- AirLift Environmental, LLC, 5900 N. 58th, Suite 5, Lincoln, NE 68507, USA; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
| | - Ann Kambhu
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0531, USA.
| | - James Reece
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
| | - Steve Comfort
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
| | - Laurie Brunner
- Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, Waste Management Division, Lincoln, NE 68509-8922, USA.
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32
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Xiong H, Huo M, Zhou D, Dong S, Zou D. Characteristics and kinetics simulation of controlled-release KMnO4 for phenol remediation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:647-654. [PMID: 27508369 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlled-release KMnO4 (CRP) technology has been recently developed as an improved, highly efficient technique in wastewater treatment. In this study, batch-style experiments were conducted to evaluate this technology. The release characteristics of CRP in distilled water and the reaction between CRP and phenol were studied and fitted using MATLAB software. Results indicated that in distilled water, temperature (T) and pH value had a larger effect than dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the release characteristics of KMnO4, and this relationship can be accurately described by the following kinetic equation: logQ = log[1.141T(0.152)(pH)(-1.0536)(DO)(0.4674)] + [0.0048T(0.3756)(pH)(1.8854)(DO)(-0.0509)]logt. KMnO4 released from CRP can effectively degrade phenol-contaminated water with different concentrations. A simulated equation (r = -dCA/dt = -15.1705 CA(0.6840)CP(-0.1406)) characterizing phenol degradation was developed using MATLAB software. Comparison between the theoretical phenol removal rates deduced by the above two equations and the initial phenol concentration as well as the CRP dosage with the experimental data indicates that the differences between them were less than 20%. The results indicate phenol can be effectively removed by CRP and smaller dosage of KMnO4 was required compared with literature values. The models can provide guidance for CRP application in real polluted sites, which can lower the cost for site remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houfeng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China E-mail:
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shuangshi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China E-mail:
| | - Donglei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China E-mail:
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Influence of humic substances on electrochemical degradation of trichloroethylene in limestone aquifers. Electrochim Acta 2015; 181:123-129. [PMID: 26549889 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigate the influence of humic substances (HS) on electrochemical transformation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater from limestone aquifers. A laboratory flow-through column with an electrochemical reactor that consists of a palladized iron foam cathode followed by a MMO anode was used to induce TCE electro-reduction in groundwater. Up to 82.9% TCE removal was achieved in the absence of HS. Presence of 1, 2, 5, and 10 mgTOC L-1 reduced TCE removal to 70.9%, 61.4%, 51.8% and 19.5%, respectively. The inverse correlation between HS content and TCE removal was linear. Total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and absorption properties (A=254 nm, 365 nm and 436 nm) normalized to DOC, were monitored during treatment to understand the behavior and impacts of HS under electrochemical processes. Changes in all parameters occurred mainly after contact with the cathode, which implies that the HS are reacting either directly with electrons from the cathode or with H2 formed at the cathode surface. Since hydrodechlorination is the primary TCE reduction mechanism in this setup, reactions of the HS with the cathode limit transformation of TCE. The presence of limestone gravel reduced the impact of HS on TCE removal. The study concludes that presence of humic substances adversely affects TCE removal from contaminated groundwater by electrochemical reduction using palladized cathodes.
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