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Srivastava T, Chaudhuri S, Rich CC, Schatz GC, Frontiera RR, Bruggeman P. Probing time-resolved plasma-driven solution electrochemistry in a falling liquid film plasma reactor: Identification of HO2- as a plasma-derived reducing agent. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094201. [PMID: 38436446 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Many applications involving plasma-liquid interactions depend on the reactive processes occurring at the plasma-liquid interface. We report on a falling liquid film plasma reactor allowing for in situ optical absorption measurements of the time-dependence of the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox reactivity, complemented with ex situ measurement of the decomposition of formate. We found excellent agreement between the measured decomposition percentages and the diffusion-limited decomposition of formate by interfacial plasma-enabled reactions, except at high pH in thin liquid films, indicating the involvement of previously unexplored plasma-induced liquid phase chemistry enabled by long-lived reactive species. We also determined that high pH facilitates a reduction-favoring environment in ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox solutions. In situ conversion measurements of a 1:1 ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox mixture exceed the measured ex situ conversion and show that conversion of a 1:1 ferricyanide/ferrocyanide mixture is strongly dependent on film thickness. We identified three dominant processes: reduction faster than ms time scales for film thicknesses >100 µm, •OH-driven oxidation on time scales of <10 ms, and reduction on 15 ms time scales for film thickness <100 µm. We attribute the slow reduction and larger formate decomposition at high pH to HO2- formed from plasma-produced H2O2 enabled by the high pH at the plasma-liquid interface as confirmed experimentally and by computed reaction rates of HO2- with ferricyanide. Overall, this work demonstrates the utility of liquid film reactors in enabling the discovery of new plasma-interfacial chemistry and the utility of atmospheric plasmas for electrodeless electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanubhav Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Christopher C Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Peter Bruggeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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2
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Zhao J, Payne EM, Liu B, Shang C, Blatchley ER, Mitch WA, Yin R. Making waves: Opportunities and challenges of applying far-UVC radiation in controlling micropollutants in water. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 241:120169. [PMID: 37290191 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over human health risks associated with chemical contaminants (micropollutants) in drinking waters are rising due to the increased use of reclaimed water or water supplies impacted by upstream wastewater discharges. Ultraviolet (UV)-driven advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) using radiation sources that emit at 254 nm have been developed as advanced treatments to degrade contaminants, while those UV-AOPs can be improved towards higher radical yields and lower byproduct formation. Several previous studies have suggested that Far-UVC radiation (200-230 nm) is a promising radiance source to drive UV-AOPs because the direct photolysis of micropollutants and production of reactive species from oxidant precursors can both be improved. In this study, we summarize from the literature the photodecay rate constants of five micropollutants by direct UV photolysis, which are higher at 222 than 254 nm. We experimentally determine the molar absorption coefficients at 222 and 254 nm of eight oxidants commonly used in water treatment and present the quantum yields of the oxidant photodecay. Our experimental results also show that the concentrations of HO·, Cl·, and ClO· generated in the UV/chlorine AOP can be increased by 5.15-, 15.76-, and 2.86-fold, respectively, by switching the UV wavelength from 254 to 222 nm. We also point out the challenges of applying Far-UVC for micropollutant abatement in water treatment, including the strong light screening effect of matrix components (e.g., carbonate, nitrate, bromide, and dissolved organic matter), the formation of byproducts via new reaction pathways, and the needs to improve the energy efficiency of the Far-UVC radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Emma M Payne
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Bryan Liu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Ernest R Blatchley
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - William A Mitch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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3
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Li H, Yang Y, Li X, Ullah H. Remediation of Surfactants Used by VUV/O 3 Techniques: Degradation Efficiency, Pathway and Toxicological Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083312. [PMID: 37110546 PMCID: PMC10145303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are increasingly used in systems that come into contact with the human body, such as food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal hygiene products. Increasing attention is being devoted to the toxic effects of surfactants in various human contact formulations, as well as the removal of residual surfactants. In the presence of ozone (O3), anion surfactants-a characteristic micro-pollutant-such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) in greywater, can be removed using radical advanced oxidation. Herein, we report a systematic study of the SDBS degradation effect of O3 activated by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation and the influence of water composition on VUV/O3, and determined the contribution of radical species. We show a synergistic effect of VUV and O3, while VUV/O3 reached a higher mineralization (50.37%) than that of VUV (10.63%) and O3 (29.60%) alone. The main reactive radicals of VUV/O3 were HO•. VUV/O3 had an optimal pH of 9. The addition of SO42- had almost no effect on the degradation of SDBS by VUV/O3, Cl- and HCO3- slightly reduced the reaction rate, and NO3- had a significant inhibition on the degradation. In total, SDBS had three isomers, with which the three degradation pathways were very comparable. Compared with SDBS, the toxicity and harmfulness of the degradation by-products of the VUV/O3 process decreased. Additionally, VUV/O3 could degrade synthetic anion surfactants from laundry greywater effectively. Overall, the results show the potential of VUV/O3 in safeguarding humans from residual surfactant hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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4
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Nong YJ, Zhang YL, Hübner U, Wang WL, Wu QY, Huang N, Drewes JE, Hu HY. Roles of radical species in vacuum-UV/UV/peroxydisulfate advanced oxidation processes and contributions of the species to contaminant degradation at different water depths. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130660. [PMID: 36580774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum-UV (VUV) (wavelength 185 nm)/ UV (wavelength 254 nm) are applied to improve performances of UV-based advanced oxidation processes. However, the improvements were strongly affected by water depth because of poor VUV transmittance in water. In this study, VUV/UV and peroxydisulfate (PDS) were used to degrade carbamazepine. More SO4•- oxidation occurred in VUV/UV/PDS than VUV/UV with similar •OH oxidation occurring. The additional SO4•- oxidation could be caused by VUV/PDS in superficial water or UV/PDS in deeper water. The synergistic factor for VUV/UV/PDS processes relative to VUV/UV and UV/PDS processes was 1.32. VUV/UV/PDS performances were affected by competition for photon absorption by dissolved organic matter (32-58 % inhibition), radical quenching by CO32-/HCO3- and NO3-, and conversion of •OH and SO4•- into reactive chlorine species by Cl-. Radical probe experiments and steady-state kinetic modeling simulations indicated that 34 %, 25 %, and 40 % of carbamazepine degradation occurring in 2-cm-deep bulk solution was due to •OH oxidation through VUV/H2O, SO4•- oxidation through VUV/PDS, and SO4•- oxidation through UV/PDS, respectively. Contribution of VUV-driven processes decreased with increasing water depth and became equivalent to contribution of 3.5-cm-deep UV-driven processes, which indicated the importance of optimizing water depth in VUV/UV-advanced oxidation process reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Nong
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Ouyang WY, Wang WL, Zhang YL, Cai HY, Wu QY. VUV/UV oxidation performance for the elimination of recalcitrant aldehydes in water and its variation along the light-path. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 228:119390. [PMID: 36423547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet/ultraviolet (VUV/UV) oxidation using a low-pressure mercury lamp emitting dual wavelengths (185 nm (VUV) and 254 nm (UV)) significantly varies in performance along the light-path (lP), which has not been fully characterized. Therefore, VUV/UV oxidation in solution was investigated at various lP in terms of the degradation kinetics and mineralization pathway of representative aldehydes with various alkyl-chain lengths. Oxidative degradation of parent aldehydes with shorter alkyl chains was less efficient, specifically the pseudo-zero-order rate constant (kobs) of formaldehyde was only 51% of that of propionaldehyde (kobs = 0.078 μM s-1). In contrast, the mineralization of aldehydes with longer alkyl chains was less efficient because these aldehydes underwent mineralization into more refractory carboxylic byproducts, e.g., oxalic acid. VUV was mainly absorbed by superficial water (lP < 0.55 cm), which resulted in highly heterogeneous oxidation in homogeneous water. Thus, kobs of acetaldehyde dramatically decreased from 0.13 to 0.033 μM s-1 as the total lP of solution increased from 1.0 to 3.0 cm. On the basis of mineralization pathways proposed above, an iterative kinetic model was developed to characterize the degradation of parent aldehydes and the formation of carboxylic acids along lP. This model predicted the VUV/UV oxidaton for the first time by considering the fast diffusion of pollutants by limited diffusion of transient radical species. Thus, it realized the prediction of •OH concentration at specific water solution and byproduct evolution within specific water solution in turbulent flow regime, wherein •OH was predominantly formed in superficial water-layers wherein •OH in water-layers of lP <0.16 cm and <0.81 cm contributed to 50% and 90% of the total oxidation performance, respectively. This result would help to improve the VUV-UV-reactor design in terms of optimizing the thickness of water-layer and turbulence of water-flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yue Ouyang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC), Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC), Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC), Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Han-Ying Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC), Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC), Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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6
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Degradation of the antiviral remdesivir by a novel, continuous-flow, helical-baffle incorporating VUV/UVC photoreactor: Performance assessment and enhancement by inorganic peroxides. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Liu L, Zhan R, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wang Z, Li J. Deep oxidation of norfloxacin by the electrochemical enhanced heterogeneous catalytic oxidation: The role of electric field and reaction optimization. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134894. [PMID: 35537629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, electrochemical (ECG-G: graphite anode and cathode, ECI-G: iron anode and graphite cathode) enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by CoFe2O4 nanoparticles for the degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) in water was investigated. Although a higher NOR removal efficiency was achieved in ECI-G/CoFe2O4/PMS system, the generation of Fe3+ had resulted in the deposition of iron mud and affect the recovery of CoFe2O4. Under the optimum reaction conditions of CoFe2O4/PMS system, the final removal efficiency of NOR did not show significant difference in ECG-G/CoFe2O4/PMS system (96.0%) and CoFe2O4/PMS system (95.5%), but the value of apparent rate constant significantly increased in ECG-G/CoFe2O4/PMS system (0.21 min-1) compared with CoFe2O4/PMS system (0.11 min-1). Similar NOR degradation pathways were obtained in these two systems, and the TOC removal efficiency in ECG-G/CoFe2O4/PMS system (28.8%) is almost as low as CoFe2O4/PMS system (26.0%). Therefore, it can be proposed that the applied electric field through active electrodes can accelerate the reaction of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation, but does not participate much in NOR degradation. However, the TOC removal efficiency (30 min) could be reached 68.7% as the mass ratio of PMS to CoFe2O4 increased to 5:1 (250 mg L-1: 50 mg L-1). The ECG-G/CoFe2O4/PMS system is a promising low-cost technique for efficient mineralization of antibiotics in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Environment Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Schneider MY, Quaghebeur W, Borzooei S, Froemelt A, Li F, Saagi R, Wade MJ, Zhu JJ, Torfs E. Hybrid modelling of water resource recovery facilities: status and opportunities. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2503-2524. [PMID: 35576250 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical modelling is an indispensable tool to support water resource recovery facility (WRRF) operators and engineers with the ambition of creating a truly circular economy and assuring a sustainable future. Despite the successful application of mechanistic models in the water sector, they show some important limitations and do not fully profit from the increasing digitalisation of systems and processes. Recent advances in data-driven methods have provided options for harnessing the power of Industry 4.0, but they are often limited by the lack of interpretability and extrapolation capabilities. Hybrid modelling (HM) combines these two modelling paradigms and aims to leverage both the rapidly increasing volumes of data collected, as well as the continued pursuit of greater process understanding. Despite the potential of HM in a sector that is undergoing a significant digital and cultural transformation, the application of hybrid models remains vague. This article presents an overview of HM methodologies applied to WRRFs and aims to stimulate the wider adoption and development of HM. We also highlight challenges and research needs for HM design and architecture, good modelling practice, data assurance, and software compatibility. HM is a paradigm for WRRF modelling to transition towards a more resource-efficient, resilient, and sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Yvonne Schneider
- Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Research Center & School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan E-mail:
| | - Ward Quaghebeur
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Gent 9000, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium; KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sina Borzooei
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Gent 9000, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Froemelt
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Feiyi Li
- modelEAU, CentrEau, Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Ramesh Saagi
- Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Wade
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elena Torfs
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Gent 9000, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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9
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Zhang YL, Wang WL, Lee MY, Yang ZW, Wu QY, Huang N, Hu HY. Promotive effects of vacuum-UV/UV (185/254 nm) light on elimination of recalcitrant trace organic contaminants by UV-AOPs during wastewater treatment and reclamation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151776. [PMID: 34800442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of vacuum-UV/UV (185/254 nm) for trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) elimination during wastewater treatments has attracted much attention. Advanced oxidation processes which combine VUV/UV and additional oxidants (vacuum-UV/UV-based advanced oxidation processes, VUV/UV-AOPs) provide a promising method for eliminating recalcitrant and toxic TOrCs for wastewater reclamation. Researches in this area are increasing but the promoting effects, mechanisms, and influencing factors have not been well summarized. A comprehensive discussion of the limitations of this technique and future research directions is needed. VUV/UV-AOPs have considerable synergistic effects by increasing usage of VUV/UV photons and the oxidant, which increases radical generation. In terms of elimination kinetics, VUV/UV-AOPs outperform conventional UV-AOPs and VUV/UV processes in most cases; a 1.2-87.7-fold increase of the fluence-based kinetic constant is achieved. In terms of energy efficiency per order (EE/O) of TOrCs elimination, the EE/O of VUV/UV-AOPs only accounts for 4% of UV-AOPs and 63% of VUV/UV. However, VUV/UV-AOPs still need to be further investigated. Firstly, although VUV and UV processes have similar radical formation pathways, limited information is available on the quantum yields of photolysis and radical formation of oxidants under VUV irradiation. Secondly, optimization of VUV/UV-AOPs operating conditions, especially oxidant dosage and water-flow patterns, is needed. Thirdly, VUV/UV-AOPs are significantly inhibited by organic and inorganic matters, but the mechanisms of inhibition on VUV/UV scattering, radical quenching, and radical conversion are not well understood. Such inhibition suggests that the use of VUV/UV-AOPs would be limited to relatively clear water treatment, e.g., reverse osmosis effluent for potable water reuse and ultrapure water production. Related research is needed to establish a clearer scheme for VUV/UV-AOPs in terms of the spatial distribution of radical species in the VUV/UV irradiation system and the relevant optimization method for promoting oxidation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Zheng-Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China.
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10
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Tan C, Zhao H, Wang X, Yu H, Chong S, Xu Y, Du E, Chen M, Peng X, Su L. Feasibility of micropollutants removal by solar-activated persulfate: Reactive oxygen species formation and influence on DBPs. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:117981. [PMID: 34952455 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a natural source of visible light and a type of renewable energy, solar energy is extensively used in the field of photochemistry. In this study, solar was employed to activate persulfate (PS) to degrade typical micropollutants. The removal kinetics of aspirin (ASA) and flunixin meglumine (FMME) in the solar/PS system were well fitted by pseudo-first-order models (R2 > 0.99). In the system containing 1.0 mM PS activated by solar irradiation at a fluence of 1.14 × 10-4 E·m-2·s-1, 72.6% and 97.5% of ASA and FMME were degraded, and the corresponding kinetic constants were 6.8-9.8 × 10-2 and 1.6-9.8 × 10-1 min-1, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicated that sulfate radical (SO4·-) played a major role in degradation, with the maximum contributions of 77.7% and 88.8% for the degradation of ASA and FMME, whereas the maximum contributions of hydroxyl radical (·OH) were only 11.6% and 6.5%, respectively. The contributions of singlet oxygen (1O2) were less than 15% at pH 5.5, but increased to 25.6% and 45.5% at pH 8.5, respectively. Solar/PS pre-oxidation increased disinfection byproducts (DBPs) (95.8% for trihalomethanes (THMs) and 47.9% for haloacetic acids (HAAs) at pH 7.0) after chlorination in deionized water, and an opposite trend was found in systems coexisting with natural organic matter (NOM). Residual PS after oxidation resulted in a high aquatic toxicity, with an inhibition rate of 18.70% to algae growth. Economic analysis showed that the electrical energy per order values of the system ranged from 23.5 to 86.5 kWh·m-3·order-1, indicating that the solar/PS system shows promise for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Tan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Seng Chong
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Erdeng Du
- Research Center of Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Xiaoming Peng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Lianghu Su
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
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11
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Li H, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou Z, Feng J, Dai Y, Li X, Ren J. Degradation of sulfamethazine by vacuum ultraviolet-activated sulfate radical-advanced oxidation: efficacy, mechanism and influences of water constituents. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Key Points of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for Wastewater, Organic Pollutants and Pharmaceutical Waste Treatment: A Mini Review. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation procedures (AOPs) refer to a variety of technical procedures that produce OH radicals to sufficiently oxidize wastewater, organic pollutant streams, and toxic effluents from industrial, hospital, pharmaceutical and municipal wastes. Through the implementation of such procedures, the (post) treatment of such waste effluents leads to products that are more susceptible to bioremediation, are less toxic and possess less pollutant load. The basic mechanism produces free OH radicals and other reactive species such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, etc. A basic classification of AOPs is presented in this short review, analyzing the processes of UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton, ozone-based (O3) processes, photocatalysis and sonolysis from chemical and equipment points of view to clarify the nature of the reactive species in each AOP and their advantages. Finally, combined AOP implementations are favored through the literature as an efficient solution in addressing the issue of global environmental waste management.
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13
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Du J, Wang C, Zhao Z, Cui F, Ou Q, Liu J. Role of oxygen and superoxide radicals in promoting H2O2 production during VUV/UV radiation of water. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Degradation of organic micropollutant by vacuum ultraviolet process: a kinetics study. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Nonthermal atmospheric pressure biocompatible plasma (NBP), alternatively called bio-cold plasma, is a partially ionized gas that consists of charged particles, neutral atoms and molecules, photons, an electric field, and heat. Recently, nonthermal plasma-based technology has been applied to bioscience, medicine, agriculture, food processing, and safety. Various plasma device configurations and electrode layouts has fast-tracked plasma applications in the treatment of biological and material surfaces. The NBP action mechanism may be related to the synergy of plasma constituents, such as ultraviolet radiation or a reactive species. Recently, plasma has been used in the inactivation of viruses and resistant microbes, such as fungal cells, bacteria, spores, and biofilms made by microbes. It has also been used to heal wounds, coagulate blood, degrade pollutants, functionalize material surfaces, kill cancers, and for dental applications. This review provides an outline of NBP devices and their applications in bioscience and medicine. We also discuss the role of plasma-activated liquids in biological applications, such as cancer treatments and agriculture. The individual adaptation of plasma to meet specific medical requirements necessitates real-time monitoring of both the plasma performance and the target that is treated and will provide a new paradigm of plasma-based therapeutic clinical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun H. Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897 Republic of Korea
| | - Han S. Uhm
- Canode # 702, 136-11 Tojeong-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04081 Republic of Korea
| | - Nagendra K. Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897 Republic of Korea
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16
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Matsushita T, Sugita W, Ishikawa T, Shi G, Nishizawa S, Matsui Y, Shirasaki N. Prediction of 1,4-dioxane decomposition during VUV treatment by model simulation taking into account effects of coexisting inorganic ions. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114918. [PMID: 31377528 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is one of the most persistent organic micropollutants and is quite difficult to remove via conventional drinking water treatment consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, and sand filtration. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) treatment has recently been found to show promise as a treatment method for 1,4-dioxane removal, but the associated decomposition rate of 1,4-dioxane is known to be very sensitive to water quality characteristics. Some computational models have been proposed to predict the decomposition rate of micropollutants during VUV treatment, but the effects of only bicarbonate and natural organic matter have been considered in the models. In the present study, we attempted to develop a versatile computational model for predicting the behavior of 1,4-dioxane during VUV treatment that took into account the effects of other coexisting inorganic ions commonly found in natural waters. We first conducted 1,4-dioxane decomposition experiments with low-pressure mercury lamps and test waters that had been prepared by adding various inorganic ions to an aqueous phosphate buffer. The apparent decomposition rate of 1,4-dioxane was suppressed when bicarbonate, chloride, and nitrate were added to the test waters. Whereas bicarbonate and chloride directly suppressed the apparent decomposition rate by consuming HO•, nitrate became influential only after being transformed into nitrite by concomitant UV light (λ = 254 nm) irradiation. Cl-related radicals (Cl• and Cl2•-) did not react with 1,4-dioxane directly. A computational model consisting of 31 ordinary differential equations with respect to time that had been translated from 84 reactions (10 photochemical and 74 chemical reactions) among 31 chemical species was then developed for predicting the behavior of 1,4-dioxane during VUV treatment. Nine of the parameters in the ordinary differential equations were determined by least squares fitting to an experimental dataset that included different concentrations of bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, and nitrite. Without further parameter adjustments, the model successfully predicted the behavior of 1,4-dioxane during VUV treatment of three groundwaters naturally contaminated with 1,4-dioxane as well as one dechlorinated tap water sample supplemented with 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Matsushita
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Wataru Sugita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Gang Shi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shota Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shirasaki
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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17
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Li M, Li W, Bolton JR, Blatchley ER, Qiang Z. Organic Pollutant Degradation in Water by the Vacuum-Ultraviolet/Ultraviolet/H 2O 2 Process: Inhibition and Enhancement Roles of H 2O 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:912-918. [PMID: 30548062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A vacuum-ultraviolet/ultraviolet (VUV/UV) mercury lamp was found to be a highly efficient radiation source for UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). If this lamp could enhance the UV/H2O2 process, it would be very attractive. Hence, we have investigated sulfamethazine (SMN) degradation by the VUV/UV/H2O2 process based on a bench-scale mini-fluidic VUV/UV photoreaction system (MVPS), a pilot reactor, and a model analysis. At high [SMN]0 in the MVPS, the apparent SMN degradation rate constant ( k'app) increased with increasing H2O2 dose, while at low [SMN]0, k'app decreased with increasing H2O2 dose; this behavior was unexpected. Meanwhile, at low [SMN]0 in a pilot reactor, H2O2 induced just a slight enhancement in the VUV/UV/H2O process. A numerical simulation of the process suggested that for an integrated AOP (i.e., VUV/UV/H2O2) consisting of various component AOPs, H2O2 could inhibit the component AOPs with HO* that did not originate from H2O2 (e.g., VUV photolysis of water). The apparent H2O2 role in the integrated AOPs was dependent on the contribution comparison between component AOPs that involved HO* that did or did not originate from H2O2. These results revealed important information regarding the application of the VUV/UV/H2O2 process in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - James R Bolton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | | | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
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18
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Tao X, Wu Y, Wu Y, Zhang B, Sha H, Cha L, Liu N. Activated carbon-supported cobalt molybdate as a heterogeneous catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate for removal of organic dyes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Tao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hohai University; Xikang Road 1 Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Yunhai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hohai University; Xikang Road 1 Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Yunying Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Hanshan Normal University; Qiaodong Chaozhou 521041 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hohai University; Xikang Road 1 Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Haitao Sha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hohai University; Xikang Road 1 Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Ligen Cha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hohai University; Xikang Road 1 Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hohai University; Xikang Road 1 Nanjing 210098 China
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19
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Xie P, Yue S, Ding J, Wan Y, Li X, Ma J, Wang Z. Degradation of organic pollutants by Vacuum-Ultraviolet (VUV): Kinetic model and efficiency. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 133:69-78. [PMID: 29367049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum-Ultraviolet (VUV), an efficient and green method to produce hydroxyl radical (•OH), is effective in degrading numerous organic contaminants in aqueous solution. Here, we proposed an effective and simple kinetic model to describe the degradation of organic pollutants in VUV system, by taking the •OH scavenging effects of formed organic intermediates as co-existing organic matter in whole. Using benzoic acid (BA) as a •OH probe, •OH was regarded vital for pollutant degradation in VUV system, and the thus developed model successfully predicted its degradation kinetics under different conditions. Effects of typical influencing factors such as BA concentrations and UV intensity were investigated quantitatively by the model. Temperature was found to be an important influencing factor in the VUV system, and the quantum yield of •OH showed a positive linear dependence on temperature. Impacts of humic acid (HA), alkalinity, chloride, and water matrices (realistic waters) on the oxidation efficiency were also examined. BA degradation was significantly inhibited by HA due to its scavenging of •OH, but was influenced much less by the alkalinity and chloride; high oxidation efficiency was still obtained in the realistic water. The degradation kinetics of three other typical micropollutants including bisphenol A (BPA), nitrobenzene (NB) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP), and the mixture of co-existing BA, BPA and DMP were further studied, and the developed model predicted the experimental data well, especially in realistic water. It is expected that this study will provide an effective approach to predict the degradation of organic micropollutants by the promising VUV system, and broaden the application of VUV system in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyang Yue
- Design and Research Institute of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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20
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Two Co-zeolite imidazolate frameworks with different topologies for degradation of organic dyes via peroxymonosulfate activation. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Santoro D, Crapulli F, Turolla A, Antonelli M. Detailed modeling of oxalic acid degradation by UV-TiO 2 nanoparticles: Importance of light scattering and photoreactor scale-up. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 121:361-373. [PMID: 28575701 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed computational fluid dynamics model is presented that integrates reactor hydrodynamics with advanced light models and UV-TiO2 advanced oxidation kinetics to yield the degradation of oxalic acid in a dispersed-phase photoreactor. Model predictions were first compared against experimental data obtained from the literature and subsequently used in a parametric study for investigating scale-up effects associated with both process and photoreactor variables. Investigated variables included: TiO2 concentration (5-400 mg L-1), initial oxalic acid concentration (0.9-32 mg L-1), lamp irradiance (100-10,000 W m-2), background fluid absorbance (0-30 m-1), reactor size (1/4-4 as relative scaling factor), lamp orientation (0-360°) and flowrate (2.5-10 m3 h-1). The analysis revealed that an optimum in oxalic acid degradation is observed when the TiO2 concentration was controlled in the 20-40 mg L-1 range (depending on lamp irradiance). While lamp orientation showed minimal impact, reactor size and flowrate emerged as key variables for photoreactor design. Moreover, an increase in initial oxalic acid concentration substantially reduced oxalic acid degradation performance observed at high loadings. Also, TiO2 activation and photoreactor degradation performance were impacted negatively by light competition with background fluid absorbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- University of Western Ontario, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Ferdinando Crapulli
- University of Western Ontario, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
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22
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Gao Y, Li Y, Yao L, Li S, Liu J, Zhang H. Catalyst-free activation of peroxides under visible LED light irradiation through photoexcitation pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 329:272-279. [PMID: 28183016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are known to activate peroxides to generate active radicals (i.e., hydroxyl radical (OH) and sulfate radical (SO4-)) under certain conditions, but the activation of peroxides in the absence of catalysts under visible light irradiation has been rarely reported. This work demonstrates a catalyst-free activation of peroxides for the generation of OH and/or SO4- through photoexcited electron transfer from organic dyes to peroxides under visible LED light irradiation, where Rhodamine B (RhB) and Eosin Y (EY) were selected as model dyes. The formation of OH and/or SO4- in the reactions and the electron transfer from the excited dyes to peroxides were validated via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The performance of the peroxide/dye/Vis process was demonstrated to be altered depending on the target substrate. Meanwhile, the peroxide/dye/Vis process was effective for simultaneous decolorization of dyes and production of active radicals under neutral even or basic conditions. The findings of this study clarified a novel photoexcitation pathway for catalyst-free activation of peroxides under visible light irradiation, which could avoid the secondary metal ion (dissolved or leached) pollution from the metal-based catalysts and expand the application range of the peroxide-based catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yixi Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Linyu Yao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Simiao Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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23
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Muller J, Wedershoven HMJM, Darhuber AA. Monitoring Photochemical Reactions Using Marangoni Flows. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3647-3658. [PMID: 28319399 PMCID: PMC5397888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the sensitivity and time resolution of a technique for photochemical reaction monitoring based on the interferometric detection of the deformation of liquid films. The reaction products change the local surface tension and induce Marangoni flow in the liquid film. As a model system, we consider the irradiation of the aliphatic hydrocarbon squalane with broadband deep-UV light. We developed a numerical model that quantitatively reproduces the flow patterns observed in the experiments. Moreover, we present self-similarity solutions that elucidate the mechanisms governing different stages of the dynamics and their parametric dependence. Surface tension changes as small as Δγ = 10-6 N/m can be detected, and time resolutions of <1 s can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muller
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | - H M J M Wedershoven
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | - A A Darhuber
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven 5600MB, The Netherlands
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24
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Li M, Qiang Z, Wang C, Bolton JR, Blatchley ER. Experimental Assessment of Photon Fluence Rate Distributions in a Medium-Pressure UV Photoreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3453-3460. [PMID: 28221779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a medium-pressure (MP) mercury lamp photoreactor is strongly influenced by the spatial photon fluence rate (PFR) distributions which are wavelength-dependent. To address this issue, PFR distributions in an MP lamp photoreactor were measured using a 360-degree response microfluorescent silica detector (MFSD). To accurately express the optical behavior in an MP photoreactor, PFR, MFSD response PFR (PFRMFSD), and effective germicidal PFR (PFRGER) were defined and compared. The measured axial and radial PFRMFSD values agreed well with the corresponding results from a simulation model (UVCalc). The PFR and PFRGER were obtained from the measured PFRMFSD by using correction factors calculated by the UVCalc. Under identical UV transmittance (254 nm) conditions (75% and 85%), the weighted average PFRGER values were 13.3-18.7% lower than the corresponding PFR values, indicating that PFRGER, rather than PFR should be used in MP photoreactor design to meet disinfection standards. Based on measured lamp output, medium absorption spectrum, MFSD response, and microbial DNA response spectrum, the detailed relationships between the PFR, PFRMFSD, and PFRGER were elucidated. This work proposes a new method for the accurate description of wavelength-dependent PFR distributions in MP photoreactors, thus providing an important tool for the optimal design of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Li
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - James R Bolton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Ernest R Blatchley
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Division of Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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25
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Liu J, Zhou J, Ding Z, Zhao Z, Xu X, Fang Z. Ultrasound irritation enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate with Fe 3O 4 for degradation of azo dye. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:953-959. [PMID: 27773326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and used as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator in the presence of ultrasound (US) irritation for azo dye degradation in this study. At pH 7.0 and temperature 298K, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were able to activate PMS under ultrasound irritation to produce sulfate radicals for acid orange 7 (AO7) removal in 30min. Higher catalysts dosage, neutral pH as well as optimum values of PMS dosage and ultrasound power favored the AO7 degradation. Fe3O4 displayed excellent stability and reusability in the US/PMS system. Both of the sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals were produced in the reaction and sulfate radicals were the dominant according to the scavenging tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) tests. The mechanisms of ultrasound irritation enhanced PMS activation in the presence of Fe3O4 were proposed based on the results and literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of National Defense Construction Planning and Environmental Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, China
| | - Jihao Zhou
- Department of National Defense Construction Planning and Environmental Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ding
- Department of National Defense Construction Planning and Environmental Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of National Defense Construction Planning and Environmental Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of National Defense Construction Planning and Environmental Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, China
| | - Zhendong Fang
- Department of National Defense Construction Planning and Environmental Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 401311, China.
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Bruggeman PJ, Kushner MJ, Locke BR, Gardeniers JGE, Graham WG, Graves DB, Hofman-Caris RCHM, Maric D, Reid JP, Ceriani E, Fernandez Rivas D, Foster JE, Garrick SC, Gorbanev Y, Hamaguchi S, Iza F, Jablonowski H, Klimova E, Kolb J, Krcma F, Lukes P, Machala Z, Marinov I, Mariotti D, Mededovic Thagard S, Minakata D, Neyts EC, Pawlat J, Petrovic ZL, Pflieger R, Reuter S, Schram DC, Schröter S, Shiraiwa M, Tarabová B, Tsai PA, Verlet JRR, von Woedtke T, Wilson KR, Yasui K, Zvereva G. Plasma–liquid interactions: a review and roadmap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/25/5/053002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 917] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bagheri M, Mohseni M. Impact of hydrodynamics on pollutant degradation and energy efficiency of VUV/UV and H2O2/UV oxidation processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 164:114-20. [PMID: 26363258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Vacuum-UV/UV process, an incipient catalyst/chemical-free advanced oxidation process (AOP), is potentially a cost-effective solution for the removal of harmful micropollutants from water. Utilizing a novel mechanistic numerical model, this work aimed to establish a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms in the VUV/UV process operating under continuous flow conditions, when compared with the widely applied H2O2/UV AOP. Of particular interest was the examination of the impact of flow characteristics (hydrodynamics) on the degradation efficacy of a target micropollutant during the VUV/UV and H2O2/UV AOPs. While hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation was the dominant degradation pathway in both processes, the degradation efficacy of the VUV/UV process showed much stronger correlation with the extent of mixing in the photoreactor. Under a uniform flow regime, the degradation efficiency of the target pollutant achieved by the H2O2/UV process with 2- and 5 ppm H2O2 was greater than that provided by the VUV/UV process. Nonetheless, introduction of mixing and circulation zones to the VUV/UV reactor resulted in superior performance compared with the H2O2/UV AOP. Based on the electrical energy-per-order (EEO) analysis, incorporation of circulation zones resulted in a reduction of up to 50% in the overall energy cost of the VUV/UV AOP, while the corresponding reduction for the 5-ppm H2O2/UV system was less than 5%. Furthermore, the extent of OH scavenging of natural organic matter (NOM) on energy efficiency of the VUV/UV and H2O2/UV AOPs under continuous flow conditions was assessed using the EEO analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bagheri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Bagheri M, Mohseni M. A study of enhanced performance of VUV/UV process for the degradation of micropollutants from contaminated water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 294:1-8. [PMID: 25827391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
VUV/UV is a chemical-free and straightforward solution for the degradation of emerging contaminants from water sources. The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of VUV/UV advanced oxidation process for the effective degradation of a target micropollutant, atrazine, under continuous flow operation of 0.5-6.5L/min. To provide an in-depth understanding of process, a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, incorporating flow hydrodynamics, 185nm VUV and 254nm UV radiation propagation along with a complete kinetic scheme, was developed and validated experimentally. The experimental degradation rates and CFD predicted values showed great consistency with less than 2.9% average absolute relative deviation (AARD). Utilizing the verified model, energy-efficiency of the VUV/UV process under a wide range of reactor configurations was assessed in terms of electrical energy-per-order (EEO), OH concentration as well as delivered UV and VUV dose distributions. Thereby, the extent of mixing and circulation zones was found as key parameter controlling the treatment economy and energy-efficiency of the VUV/UV process. Utilizing a CFD-driven baffle design strategy, an improved VUV/UV process with up to 72% reduction in the total electrical energy requirement of atrazine degradation was introduced and verified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bagheri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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