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Nie J, Wang X, Sun P, Yu D, Yu Z, Qiu Y, Zhao J. Inadvertently enriched cyanobacteria prompted bacterial phosphorus uptake without aeration in a conventional anaerobic/oxic reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172313. [PMID: 38593871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process requires alternate anaerobic and aerobic conditions, which are regulated respectively by aeration off and on. Recently, in an ordinary EBPR reactor, an abnormal orthophosphate concentration (PO43--P) decline in the anaerobic stage (namely non-aerated phosphorus uptake) aroused attention. It was not occasionally but occurred in each cycle and lasted for 101 d and shared about 16.63 % in the total P uptake amount. After excluding bio-mineralization and surface re-aeration, indoor light conditions (180 to 260 lx) inducing non-aerated P uptake were confirmed. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that cyanobacteria could produce oxygen via photosynthesis and were inhabited inside wall biofilm. The cyanobacteria (Pantalinema and Leptolyngbya ANT.L52.2) were incubated in a feeding transparent silicone hose, entered the reactor along with influent, and outcompeted Chlorophyta, which existed in the inoculum. Eventually, this work deciphered the reason for non-aerated phosphorus uptake and indicated its potential application in reducing CO2 emissions and energy consumption via the cooperation of microalgal-bacterial and biofilm-sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Deshuang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhengda Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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2
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Li Y, Si Y, Sun Z, Hu X, Shi Z, Li Y, Wu H. Simulated nitrogen load promoted mineralization of N2P1 compounds and accumulation of N4S2 compounds in soil dissolved organic matter in a typical subtropical estuarine marsh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172107. [PMID: 38575015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most reactive pool in estuarine marshes, playing an important role in the biogeochemical processes of biogenetic elements. To investigate the impacts of enhanced nitrogen (N) load on DOM molecular composition and its interactions with microbes in typical Cyperus malaccensis mashes of the Min River estuary, a field N load experiment with four N levels (0, 37.50, 50 and 100 g exogenous N m-2 yr-1, respectively; applied monthly for a total of seven months) was performed. DOM molecular composition was characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), the microbial community compositions (MCC, including fungi and bacteria) were determined by high-throughput sequencing technique, and their relationships were presented by co-occurrence network analysis. The results indicated that enhanced N load had significant impacts on soil DOM molecular composition, with N/C and P/C of DOM decreasing but S/C increasing markedly. Meanwhile, enhanced N load decreased the percentages of N2P1 compounds (primarily lipids) but increased those of N4S2 compounds (mainly lignins and lipids). The relative abundances of lignins significantly increased with increasing N load levels, whereas the proportions of lipids decreased. The abundance of N2P1 and N4S2 compounds was primarily positively correlated with eutrophic and oligotrophic microorganisms, respectively. Therefore, mineralization of N2P1 compounds might act as a source to replenish inorganic P, while enrichment of N4S2 compounds may make great contribution to organic S accumulation. Overall, enhanced N load promoted P depletion and S enrichment via altering plant growth, litter decomposition and MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Youtao Si
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhigao Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyun Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhe Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
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Xu H, Chen Y, Yang D, Wang H, Tang Z, Dai X, Chen H. Improved microalgae growth and lipid production in anaerobic digestate with ultraviolet radiation pretreatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171339. [PMID: 38428595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Inappropriate sterilization strategies inhibit microalgal growth when culturing microalgae with anaerobic digestate. This study aimed to scientifically select a low-cost disinfection pretreatment of anaerobic digestate for large-scale microalgae cultivations. In this work, three different methods, including autoclaving, ultraviolet or NaClO treatments, were employed to sterilize the municipal anaerobic digestate. Scenedesmus quadricauda was then cultured in diluted liquid digestate for the simultaneous lipid production and nutrient removal. The results indicated that the growth of S. quadricauda was inhibited after NaClO treatment due to the residual free chlorine. The 15-min ultraviolet effectively mitigated microbial contamination and increasing nutrient availability, enhancing the electron transport of microalgal photosynthesis. After 6-days cultivation, the microalgal biomass concentration of the ultraviolet group was 1.09 g/L, comparable to that of the autoclaving group (1.15 g/L). High nutrient removal efficiency was observed: COD (93.30 %), NH4+-N (92.56 %), TN (85.82 %) and TP (95.12 %). Moreover, S. quadricauda outcompeted the indigenous microorganisms, contributing to its dominance in the culture system of ultraviolet group. The facultative anaerobe Comamonadaceae and aerobes Moraxellaceae, rather than strict anaerobe Paludibacteraceae and Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, played vital roles in synergistic removal of contaminants by bacteria and algae. The potential competition for nitrogen and phosphorus by bacteria contributed to the ultraviolet group having the greatest lipid content (48.19 %). Therefore, this work suggested using 15-min ultraviolet treatment for anaerobic digestate in large-scale microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Donghai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Yan Y, Lee J, Han IL, Wang Z, Li G, McCullough K, Klaus S, Kang D, Wang D, Patel A, McQuarrie J, Stinson BM, deBarbadillo C, Dombrowski P, Bott C, Gu AZ. Comammox and unknown ammonia oxidizers contribute to nitrite accumulation in an integrated A-B stage process that incorporates side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR). WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121220. [PMID: 38341969 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel integrated pilot-scale A-stage high rate activated sludge, B-stage short-cut biological nitrogen removal and side-stream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (A/B-shortcut N-S2EBPR) process for treating municipal wastewater was demonstrated with the aim to achieve simultaneous and carbon- and energy-efficient N and P removal. In this studied period, an average of 7.62 ± 2.17 mg-N/L nitrite accumulation was achieved through atypical partial nitrification without canonical known NOB out-selection. Network analysis confirms the central hub of microbial community as Nitrospira, which was one to two orders of magnitude higher than canonical aerobic oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in a B-stage nitrification tank. The contribution of comammox Nitrospira as AOB was evidenced by the increased amoB/nxr ratio and higher ammonia oxidation activity. Furthermore, oligotyping analysis of Nitrospira revealed two dominant sub-clusters (microdiveristy) within the Nitrospira. The relative abundance of oligotype II, which is phylogenetically close to Nitrospira_midas_s_31566, exhibited a positive correlation with nitrite accumulation in the same operational period, suggesting its role as comammox Nitrospira. Additionally, the phylogenetic investigation suggested that heterotrophic organisms from the family Comamonadacea and the order Rhodocyclaceae embedding ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidase may function as heterotrophic nitrifiers. This is the first study that elucidated the impact of integrating the S2EBPR on nitrifying populations with implications on short-cut N removal. The unique conditions in the side-stream reactor, such as low ORP, favorable VFA concentrations and composition, seemed to exert different selective forces on nitrifying populations from those in conventional biological nutrient removal processes. The results provide new insights for integrating EBPR with short-cut N removal process for mainstream wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Jangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - I L Han
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Zijian Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Kester McCullough
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, United States; modelEAU, Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux, Université Laval, 1065 av. de la Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Klaus
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, United States
| | - Da Kang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anand Patel
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Jim McQuarrie
- Denver Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver, CO 80229, United States
| | | | - Christine deBarbadillo
- District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, District of Columbia, 5000 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20032, United States
| | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, United States.
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States.
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5
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Pan Z, Wei H, Qiu C, Yang Q, Liang Y, Huang Z, Li J. Two-stage sequencing batch reactors with added iron shavings for nutrient removal and aerobic sludge granulation treating real wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratios. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 396:130380. [PMID: 38281551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In response to the challenges of limited nutrient removal and the difficulty in forming aerobic granular sludge (AGS) with low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios, a novel two-stage sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (R1 and R2) system with added iron shavings was proposed and established. The results showed that AGS was developed and nitrogen (82.8 %) and phosphorus (94.7 %) were effectively removed under a C/N ratio at 1.7 ± 0.5. The average size of R1 and R2 increased from 45.3 μm to 138.7 μm and 132.8 μm. Under high biological selective pressure, phosphorus accumulating organisms like Comamonadaceae (14.8 %) and Chitinophagales (5.7 %) experienced enrichment in R1. Furthermore, R2 exhibited an increased abundance of nitrifying bacteria (2.3 %) and a higher proportion of nitrogen removal through autotrophic denitrification (>17.5 %). Overall, this study introduces an innovative two-stage SBRs with added iron shavings, offering a novel approach for the treatment of low C/N ratios wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongtang Wei
- Zhejiang Shuanglin Environment Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Chong Qiu
- Zhejiang Shuanglin Environment Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Qianjin Yang
- Zhejiang Shuanglin Environment Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zuchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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6
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Wang R, Lou J, Cai J. Strategies to attenuate ciprofloxacin inhibition on enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater and its recoverability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120456. [PMID: 38412731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The inhibiting effects of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were investigated with no change in reactor operation and with increased aeration rate and sludge retention time (SRT) to explore inhibition-alleviating solutions. Additionally, performance recoverability was evaluated. The results showed that the phosphorus removal efficiency in the presence of 0.002-0.092 mg/L CIP for 7 days was only 12.5%. Increasing the aeration rate relieved inhibition (33.5% phosphorus removal efficiency on Day 7), and increasing SRT slowed EBPR performance deterioration. The EBPR performance recovered from CIP inhibition and increases in the aeration rate and SRT resulted in different recovery phenomena. The maximum PO43--P release rate continued to decrease in the first 2 days of the recovery stage and then gradually increased. However, the maximum PO43--P uptake rate immediately increased at different rates among reactors, which might be attributed to variations in the microbial community structure, decreased poly-P content, and enhanced abundances of ABC transporters and quorum sensing. It was found that some microorganisms associated with phosphorus removal were more tolerant to CIP than glycogen accumulating organisms. Moreover, the increased relative abundance of the qepA gene indicated that the microorganisms in the EBPR system had strong antibiotic resistance capacity. The bacterial community structure was significantly affected by CIP and could not recover to the initial structure. The results help to provide technical support for the operation of the EBPR process in the presence of CIP and to increase the understanding of system recoverability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Juqing Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Qiu X, Luo J, Li H, How SW, Wu D, He J, Cheng Z, Gao Y, Lu H. A review of the phosphorus removal of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in natural and engineered systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169103. [PMID: 38065508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Increasing eutrophication has led to a continuous deterioration of many aquatic ecosystems. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) can provide insight into the human response to this challenge, as they initiate enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) through cyclical anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic phosphorus uptake. Although the limiting environmental factors for PAO growth and phosphorus removal have been widely discussed, there remains a gap in the knowledge surrounding the differences in the type and phosphorus removal efficiencies of natural and engineered PAO systems. Furthermore, due to the limitations of PAOs in conventional wastewater treatment environments, there is an urgent need to find functional PAOs in extreme environments for better wastewater treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the effects of extreme conditions on the phosphorus removal efficiency of PAOs as well as the types, sources, and characteristics of PAOs. In this paper, we summarize the response mechanisms of PAOs, denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (D-PAOs), aerobic denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (AD-PAOs), and sulfur-related PAOs (S-PAOs). The mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in PAOs is related to the coupling cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The genera of PAOs differ in natural and engineered systems, but PAOs have more diversity in aquatic environments and soils. Recent studies on the impact of several parameters (e.g., temperature, carbon source, pH, and dissolved oxygen) and extracellular polymer substances on the phosphorus removal efficiency of PAOs in natural and engineered systems are further discussed. Most of the PAOs screened under extreme conditions still had high phosphorus removal efficiencies (>80.0 %). These results provide a reference for searching for PAOs with different adaptations to achieve better wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Huishi Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Seow-Wah How
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban REsource Recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent B9000, Belgium
| | - Di Wu
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban REsource Recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent B9000, Belgium
| | - Juhua He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Yunan Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Xia Z, Jiang Z, Zhang T, Liu B, Jia M, Liu GH, Qi L, Wang H. Effects of sludge retention time (SRT) on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the microbial community in an ultrashort-SRT activated sludge system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117510. [PMID: 37890826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The ultrashort-sludge retention time activate sludge (USAS) process is considered promising for the recovery of energy and resource from wastewater. In this study, we developed five USAS systems (with sludge retention time (SRT) of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 d), and investigated the nitrogen and phosphorus removal, as well as the microbial community, in the USAS systems. The results revealed that the activated sludge in the USAS system with a shorter SRT can capture more organic matter from wastewater, with organic matter mineralization, capture, and loss rates of 12.9-45.9, 42.4-62.3, and 18.2-24.8%, respectively. In addition, ammonia oxidization only occurred in the USAS systems with SRTs of 3 and 4 d, and all the USAS systems with different SRTs exhibited phosphorus-removal ability. The microbial community analysis results revealed that the relative abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria (such as Thauera) increased with an increase in the SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Xia
- Low-carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Zhao Jiang
- Low-carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Low-carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Binhua Liu
- Low-carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Mengfei Jia
- Low-carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Low-carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Low-carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Low-carbon Water Environment Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
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Zhao X, Xie Y, Sun B, Liu Y, Zhu S, Li W, Zhao M, Liu D. Unraveling microbial characteristics of simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117402. [PMID: 37838199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the simultaneous removal of carbon, ammonium, and phosphate from domestic wastewater by a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) which was operated for 360 days. During the operation, the maximum removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) reached 93.1%, 83.98%, and 96.41%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the MABR could potentially treat wastewater with a high ammonium concentration and a relatively low C/N ratio. Dissolved oxygen and multiple pollutants, including ammonium, carbon, phosphate, and sulfate, shaped the structure of the microbial community in the MABR. High throughput sequencing uncovered the crucial microbiome in ammonium transformation in MABR. Phylogenetic analysis of the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes revealed an important role for comammox Nitrospira in the nitrification process. Diverse novel phosphate-accumulating organisms (Thauera, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus, Thiothrix and Sulfurimonas) were potentially involved in denitrification in MABR. The results from this study suggested that MABR could be a feasible system for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur from sewage water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yinglong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Sun
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Min Zhao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Agri-biological Environment Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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10
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Grenier V, Laur J, Gonzalez E, Pitre FE. Glyphosate has a negligible impact on bacterial diversity and dynamics during composting. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2897-2912. [PMID: 36975075 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate has several potential entry points into composting sites and its impact on composting processes has not yet been evaluated. To assess its impact on bacterial diversity and abundance as well as on community composition and dynamics, we conducted a mesocosm experiment at the Montreal Botanical Garden. Glyphosate had no effect on physicochemical property evolution during composting, while it was completely dissipated by the end of the experiment. Sampling at Days 0, 2, 28 and 112 of the process followed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing also found no effect of glyphosate on species richness and community composition. Differential abundance analyses revealed an increase of a few taxa in the presence of glyphosate, namely TRA3-20 (order Polyangiales), Pedosphaeraceae and BIrii41 (order Burkholderiales) after 28 days. In addition, five amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) had lower relative abundance in the glyphosate treatment compared to the control on Day 2, namely Comamonadaceae, Pseudomonas sp., Streptomyces sp., Thermoclostridium sp. and Actinomadura keratinilytica, while two ASVs were less abundant on Day 112, namely Pedomicrobium sp. and Pseudorhodoplanes sp. Most differences in abundance were measured between the different sampling points within each treatment. These results present glyphosate as a poor determinant of species recruitment during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Grenier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joan Laur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frederic E Pitre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Woo HE, Jeong I, Kim JO, Kim YR, Lee IC, Kim K. Field experiments on chemical and biological changes of thin-layer oyster shells capping sediments in dense aquaculture area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116893. [PMID: 37586451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer oyster shell capping has been proposed as a method for improving contaminated coastal environments. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of oyster shell capping on nutrient concentrations, microorganisms, and macrobenthic communities. The concentration of PO4-Pin the experimental area decreased by approximately 38% more than in the control, due to phosphorus fixation of oyster shells and the presence of Proteobacteria. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria such as the order Pirellulales (phylum Planctomycetes) were related to the low ratio of NH3-N found in dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the experimental area, indicating nitrification promotion. The reduction in annular benthic organisms observed in the experimental area indicates a decline in sediment organic matter, which could potentially mitigate eutrophication. Oyster shell capping was confirmed to be an effective material for restoring coastal sediments by improving their chemical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Eun Woo
- Research Center for Ocean Industrial Development, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilwon Jeong
- Research Center for Ocean Industrial Development, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; School of Marine and Fisheries Life Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ryun Kim
- Marine Eco-Technology Institute, 406 Sinseon-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Lee
- Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoi Kim
- Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kota Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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12
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Sandeep R, Muscolino JF, Macêdo WV, Piculell M, Christensson M, Poulsen JS, Nielsen JL, Vergeynst L. Effect of biofilm thickness on the activity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating bacteria in a moving bed biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120599. [PMID: 37717325 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Can biofilms enhance the rates of phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment? In order to narrow the scientific gap on the effect of biofilm thickness on the activity and microbial community of phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, this study investigated biofilms of 30 to 1000 µm thickness in a moving bed biofilm reactor. Measurements on 5 different biofilm carriers showed that biomass-specific phosphorus release and uptake rates increased as a function of biofilm thickness for biofilms thinner than about 110 µm but were lower for thicker biofilms of about 550-1000 µm. The reduced phosphorus uptake and release rates in the thickest biofilms can result from substrate mass transfer limitations whereas the low activity in the thinnest biofilms can be related to a too high turnover rate in the biofilm due to heterotrophic growth. Additionally, the microbial ecology of the different biofilms confirms the observed phosphorus uptake and release rates. The results from the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the bacterial community showed that the thicker biofilms were characterized by higher relative abundance (40-58%) of potential phosphorus accumulating genera Zoogloea, Acinetobacter, Dechloromonas and Ca. Accumulibacter. In contrast, the thinner biofilms were dominated by the genus Ferribacterium (34-60%), which might be competing with phosphorus-accumulating bacteria as indicated by the relatively high acetate uptake rates in the thinner biofilms. It is concluded that there is an optimal biofilm thickness of 100-500 µm, at which the phosphorus accumulating bacteria have the highest activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rellegadla Sandeep
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Juan Franco Muscolino
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Williane Vieira Macêdo
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan Struckmann Poulsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Leendert Vergeynst
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Lu X, Oehmen A, Zhao J, Duan H, Yuan Z, Ye L. Insights on biological phosphorus removal with partial nitrification in single sludge system via sidestream free ammonia and free nitrous acid dosing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165174. [PMID: 37385509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The sidestream sludge treatment by free ammonium (FA)/free nitrous acid (FNA) dosing was frequently demonstrated to maintain the nitrite pathway for the partial nitrification (PN) process. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effect of FA and FNA would severely influence polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), destroying the microbe-based phosphorus (P) removal. Therefore, a strategic evaluation was proposed to successfully achieve biological P removal with a partial nitrification process in a single sludge system by sidestream FA and FNA dosing. Through the long-term operation of 500 days, excellent phosphorus, ammonium and total nitrogen removal performance were achieved at 97.5 ± 2.6 %, 99.1 ± 1.0 % and 75.5 ± 0.4 %, respectively. Stable partial nitrification with a nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 94.1 ± 3.4 was attained. The batch tests also reported the robust aerobic phosphorus uptake based on FA and FNA adapted sludge after exposure of FA and FNA, respectively, suggesting the FA and FNA treatment strategy could potentially offer the opportunity for the selection of PAOs, which synchronously have the tolerance to FA and FNA. Microbial community analysis suggested that Accumulibacter, Tetrasphaera, and Comamonadaceae collectively contributed to the phosphorus removal in this system. Summarily, the proposed work presents a novel and feasible strategy to integrate enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and short-cut nitrogen cycling and bring the combined mainstream phosphorus removal and partial nitrification process closer to practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australia Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Sustainable minerals institute, the university of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australia Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australia Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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14
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Maza-Márquez P, Gallardo-Altamirano MJ, Osorio F, Pozo C, Rodelas B. Microbial indicators of efficient performance in an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic integrated fixed-film activated sludge (A2O-IFAS) and a two-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion process. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 335:139164. [PMID: 37295687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the community structure, diversity and population dynamics of Bacteria and Archaea in the suspended and attached biomass fractions of a pilot-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic integrated fixed-film activated sludge (A2O-IFAS) was executed. Along with this, the effluents of the acidogenic (AcD) and methanogenic (MD) digesters of a two-stage mesophilic anaerobic (MAD) system treating the primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS) generated by the A2O-IFAS were also analyzed. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and Biota-environment (BIO-ENV) multivariate analyses were performed to link population dynamics of Bacteria and Archaea to operating parameters and removal efficiencies of organic matter and nutrients, in search of microbial indicators associated with optimal performance. In all samples analyzed, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were the most abundant phyla, while the hydrogenotrophic methanogens Methanolinea, Methanocorpusculum and Methanobacterium were the predominant archaeal genera. BIO-ENV analysis disclosed strong correlations between the population shifts observed in the suspended and attached bacterial communities of the A2O-IFAS and the removal rates of organic matter, N and P. It is noteworthy that the incorporation of carriers combined with a short sludge retention time (SRT = 4.0 ± 1.0 days) enhanced N removal performance of the A2O by favoring the enrichment of bacterial genera able to denitrify (Bosea, Dechloromonas, Devosia, Hyphomicrobium, Rhodobacter, Rhodoplanes, Rubrivivax, and Sulfuritalea) in the attached biomass fraction. In addition, operation at short SRT enabled the generation of a highly biodegradable WAS, which enhanced the biogas and methane yields in the two-stage MAD. An increase in the relative abundance of Acetobacteroides (uncultured Blvii28 wastewater-sludge group of Rikenellaceae family) correlated positively with the volatile solids removal rate (%VSR), CH4 recovery rate and %CH4 in the biogas (r > 0.8), supporting their relevance for an efficient methanogenesis in two-stage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maza-Márquez
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Gallardo-Altamirano
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - F Osorio
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C Pozo
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - B Rodelas
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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15
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Srivastava A, Verma D. Urbanization led to the abundance of Gram-negative, chemo-organo-heterotrophs, and antibiotic resistance genes in the downstream regions of the Ganga River water of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27552-7. [PMID: 37217817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation assesses the bacterial microbiome and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of the river Ganga from Uttarakhand (upstream region; US group) and Uttar Pradesh (downstream region; DS group) regions using a 16S rRNA amplicon-based metagenomic approach. Gram-negative, aerobic, and chemo-organotrophic bacteria made up the majority of the bacterial genera during the overall analysis. Physicochemical analysis revealed a higher concentration of nitrate and phosphate in the downstream sites of the Ganga River. The prevalence of Gemmatimonas, Flavobacterium, Arenimonas, and Verrucomicrobia in the water of the DS region indicates a high organic load. Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium emerged as the most prevalent genera among the 35 significantly different shared genera (p-value < 0.05) in the US and DS regions, respectively. Overall antibiotic resistance analysis of the samples showed the dominance of β-lactam resistance (33.92%) followed by CAMP (cationic antimicrobial peptide) resistance (27.75%), and multidrug resistance (19.17%), vancomycin resistance (17.84%), and tetracycline resistance (0.77%). While comparing, the DS group exhibited a higher abundance of ARGs over the US group, where the CAMP resistance and β-lactam ARGs were dominant in the respective regions. The correlation (p-value < 0.05) analysis showed that most bacteria exhibit a significant correlation with tetracycline resistance followed by the phenicol antibiotic. The present findings draw attention to the need for regulated disposal of multiform human-derived wastes into the Ganga River to reduce the irrepressible ARGs dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India.
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16
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Khursheed A, Munshi FMA, Almohana AI, Alali AF, Kamal MA, Alam S, Alrehaili O, Islam DT, Kumar M, Varjani S, Kazmi AA, Tyagi VK. Resolution of conflict of reduced sludge production with EBPR by coupling OSA to A 2/O process in a pilot scale SBR. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137945. [PMID: 36702406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The pinnacle of all the efforts of nutrient removal is practically put-down the moment biological cells are lysed, hydrolyzed or digested causing subsequent reappearance of assimilated nitrogen and phosphorus in any biological process. While sludge reduction requires high SRT, the enhanced phosphorus assimilative uptake demands low SRT. A novel reactor configuration for enhanced sludge and phosphorus removal was put to test by incorporating a side stream anaerobic reactor to an Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic (A2O) SBR with a pre-anoxic chamber and an influent receiving inlet anaerobic reactor. The reactor was operated at the average and lowest range of prevailing carbon/phosphorus (C/P) ratio of 50 and 15 in the sewage. The phosphorus enrichment was 0.0469-0.135 mgTP/mgVSS resulting in 1.76-5.05-fold increase from cellular content by virtue of maintaining sludge recycle from SBR aeration tank to side stream anaerobic reactor from 3.78 to 9.78 (average 4.4-8.2) gVSS/gVSS present in the reactor. However, the sludge was also reduced from 3% to 51% on an average basis during the same recirculation regime. This novel configuration consists of an inlet anaerobic reactor, one pre-anoxic chamber and one intermittent oxic anoxic reaction SBR and a side stream anaerobic reactor. The first anaerobic reactor at inlet followed by pre-anoxic chamber was provided for increased ortho-p released and nitrification respectively and a side stream anaerobic reactor for sludge reduction through sludge fasting mechanism. The EBPR and lesser sludge growth were two conflicting parameters reconciled to the extent that if sludge recycled up to 6.41 gVSS/gVSS the sludge growth would be reduced by 25% and phosphorus enrichment could be attained up to 3.46 times the stoichiometric value. Any further recirculation would reduce the sludge further but at the expense of enhanced phosphorus uptake as released phosphorus from side stream anaerobic reactor also recycled back to main SBR causing looping and at more than 6.41gVSSrecycled/gVSS it nullified the enhanced effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Khursheed
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Civil Engineering, Z.H. College of Engineering, AMU, Aligarh, India.
| | | | | | - Abdulrhman Fahmi Alali
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohab Amin Kamal
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamshad Alam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alrehaili
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, KSU, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dar Tafazul Islam
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, 382355, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - A A Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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17
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Zhang C, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Exploring the stability of an A-stage-EBPR system for simultaneous biological removal of organic matter and phosphorus. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137576. [PMID: 36529170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the performance and stability of a continuous anaerobic/aerobic A-stage system with integrated enhanced biological phosphorus removal (A-stage-EBPR) under different operational conditions. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the aerobic reactor was tested in the 0.2-2 mgDO/L range using real wastewater amended with propionic acid, obtaining almost full simultaneous COD and P removal without nitrification in the range 0.5-1 mgDO/L, but failing at 0.2 mgDO/L. Anaerobic purge was tested to evaluate a possible mainstream P-recovery strategy, generating a P-enriched stream containing 22% of influent P. COD and N mass balances indicated that about 43% of the influent COD could be redirected to the anaerobic digestion for methane production and 66% of influent NH4+-N was discharged in the effluent for the following N-removal B-stage. Finally, when the system was switched to glutamate as sole carbon source, successful EBPR activity and COD removal were maintained for two months, but after this period settleability problems appeared with biomass loss. Microbial community analysis indicated that Propionivibrio, Thiothrix and Lewinella were the most abundant species when propionic acid was the carbon source and Propionivibrio was the most favoured with glutamate. Thiothrix, Hydrogenophaga, Dechloromonas and Desulfobacter appeared as the dominant polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) under different operation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Zhang L, Li S, Zhang S, Cai H, Fang W, Shen Z. Recovery trajectories of the bacterial community at distances in the receiving river under wastewater treatment plant discharge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116622. [PMID: 36368207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbes in rivers are an important part of the biogeochemical cycle in aquatic ecosystems, and understanding the major factors that influence the composition of microbial communities has an important role in assessing and improving ecosystem functioning. A high-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing technique was employed to sequence bacterial communities in 21 sediment samples and 21 water samples from an urban river WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) discharge. A systematic study of changes in bacterial community composition in downstream river sediment and water was conducted. The study found that compared with the bacterial diversity in the natural upstream area of the wastewater outfall, the bacterial diversity in the sediment lower reaches decreased significantly, while the bacterial abundance and diversity in the water increased significantly. The Mantel test and redundancy analysis showed that the downstream distance and physicochemical properties were significantly related to the succession of bacterial communities in the sediment downstream of the WWTP discharge. Among them, TOC (total organic carbon) was the most important factor affecting the change in the bacterial community in the downstream sediment. The physicochemical properties were significantly correlated with the succession of bacterial communities in the water downstream of the WWTP discharge. Among them, TN (total nitrogen), PO43--P (phosphorus phosphate) and TP (total phosphorus) were the main factors that affected the change in the bacterial community in the downstream water. Key taxa in the co-occurrence network at different distances downstream reflected the depth of the effect of the WWTP effluent on the bacterial community. The bacterial community in the lower reaches of the river sediment showed a strong recovery ability under the influence of pollutants, while the bacterial community in the lower reaches of the river water was difficult to recover under the influence of pollutants. In general, pollutants contained in effluent are the key to changing the composition of bacterial communities in the lower reaches of the river, but exogenous bacteria in effluent are not. This study provides a basis for further improving the effluent discharge standards of WWTPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Siqing Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Hua Cai
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Wangkai Fang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232000, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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19
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Fu X, Yu Z, Kong F, Duan P, Li F, Zhang L, Liu Z, Cui Y. Application of an integrated loach-plant-substrate-microbes non-aerated saturated vertical flow constructed wetlands: Mechanisms of pollutants removal and greenhouse gases reduction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128337. [PMID: 36403915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study established an integrated loach-plant-substrate-microbes non-aerated saturated vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) to enhance pollutants removal efficiencies and reduce greenhouse gas emissions simultaneously. The results of the VFCWs experiment indicated that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorous, and total nitrogen in loach systems were significantly higher than those of non-loach systems, achieving 59.16%, 35.98%, and 40.96%, respectively. The CH4 and N2O emission fluxes were also significantly reduced in the integrated system, resulting in lower global warming potential (GWP) and GWP per unit of pollutants removal. Loaches promoted the transportation of oxygen, facilitated the re-contact and utilization of sediments, reduced CH4 emission, and enhanced nitrogen conversion and phosphorus accumulation. Increased bioavailable carbon and nitrate-nitrogen in the integrated system improved the abundance of denitrifying bacteria, which supported complete denitrification, reducing N2O emissions with high pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzheng Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhengda Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pingping Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fanyi Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingzhu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuqian Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
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20
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Tabraiz S, Aiswarya NM, Taneja H, Narayanan RA, Ahmed A. Biofilm-based simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorous uptake in wastewater by Neurospora discreta. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116363. [PMID: 36208511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater conventionally involves multiple processing steps to satisfy the differing oxygen requirements of the microbial species involved. In this work, simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorous removal from synthetic wastewater were achieved by the fungus Neurospora discreta in a single-step, biofilm-based, aerobic process. The concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous in the synthetic wastewater were systematically varied to investigate their effects on nutrient removal rates and biofilm properties. Biofilm growth was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by carbon and nitrogen, but not by phosphorous concentration. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the effects of nutrients on biofilm microstructure, which in turn correlated with nutrient removal efficiencies. The carbohydrate and protein content in the biofilm matrix decreased with increasing carbon and nitrogen concentrations but increased with increasing phosphorous concentration in the wastewater. High removal efficiencies of carbon (96%), ammonium (86%), nitrate (100%), and phosphorus (82%) were achieved under varying nutrient conditions. Interestingly, decreasing the phosphorus concentration increased the nitrification and denitrification rates, and decreasing the nitrogen concentration increased the phosphorus removal rates significantly (p < 0.05). Correlations between biofilm properties and nutrient removal rates were also evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamas Tabraiz
- Section of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK
| | - N M Aiswarya
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, India
| | - Himani Taneja
- Section of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK
| | - R Aravinda Narayanan
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, India
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Section of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK.
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21
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Zhao W, Bi X, Peng Y, Bai M. Research advances of the phosphorus-accumulating organisms of Candidatus Accumulibacter, Dechloromonas and Tetrasphaera: Metabolic mechanisms, applications and influencing factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135675. [PMID: 35842039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs), which harbor metabolic mechanisms for phosphorus removal, are widely applied in wastewater treatment. Recently, novel PAOs and phosphorus removal metabolic pathways have been identified and studied. Specifically, Dechloromonas and Tetrasphaera can remove phosphorus via the denitrifying phosphorus removal and fermentation phosphorus removal pathways, respectively. As the main PAOs in biological phosphorus removal systems, the conventional PAO Candidatus Accumulibacter and the novel PAOs Dechloromonas and Tetrasphaera are thoroughly discussed in this paper, with a specific focus on their phosphorus removal metabolic mechanisms, process applications, community abundance and influencing factors. Dechloromonas can achieve simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an anoxic environment through the denitrifying phosphorus removal metabolic pathway, which can further reduce carbon source requirements and aeration energy consumption. The metabolic pathways of Tetrasphaera are diverse, with phosphorus removal occurring in conjunction with macromolecular organics degradation through anaerobic fermentation. A collaborative oxic phosphorus removal pathway between Tetrasphaera and Ca. Accumulibacter, or a collaborative anoxic denitrifying phosphorus removal pathway between Tetrasphaera and Dechloromonas are future development directions for biological phosphorus removal technologies, which can further reduce carbon source and energy consumption while achieving enhanced phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Meng Bai
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
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22
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Jia Y, Zeng W, Fan Z, Meng Q, Liu H, Peng Y. An effective titanium salt dosing strategy for phosphorus removal from wastewater: Synergistic enhancement of chemical and biological treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156960. [PMID: 35760169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium salt coagulant, as a new type of water treatment agent, has been widely studied, but most researches do not consider its effect on the biological treatment. In this study, different doses of TiCl4 were added to the biological phosphorus removal (BPR) system to investigate the impact of TiCl4 on BPR. The results showed that the addition of TiCl4 not only significantly reduced the phosphorus concentration in effluent (below 0.5 mg/L), but also kept it stable. Moreover, the sedimentation performance of activated sludge was improved, which was superior to the control group. According to the results of flow cytometry (FCM), a small amount of TiCl4 significantly improved the bioactivities, but excessive dosage caused inhibition. When the dosage of TiCl4 below 20 mg/L, polyphosphate accumulating metabolism (PAM) was strengthened. In addition, the richness of microbial community and the relative abundance of Candidatus Accumulibacter clades also increased. However, when the dosage reached 60 mg/L, the relative abundance of Candidatus Competibacter increased and the BPR system was deteriorated. This study suggests that the addition of appropriate concentration of TiCl4 can realize the synergistic enhancement of biological and chemical phosphorus removal in sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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23
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Habyarimana JL, Juan M, Nyiransengiyumva C, Qing TW, qi CY, Twagirayezu G, Ying D. Critical review on operation mechanisms to recover phosphorus from wastewater via microbial procedures amalgamated with phosphate-rich in side-stream to enhance biological phosphorus removal. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Sequencing Batch Reactor Performance Evaluation on Orthophosphates and COD Removal from Brewery Wastewater. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of industrial effluent constituting high orthophosphates and organic pollutants in water receiving bodies compromises freshwater quality and perpetuates eutrophication. In this study, an anaerobic–aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under activated sludge was investigated for orthophosphates and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from brewery wastewater. Raw brewery wastewater samples were collected on a daily basis for a period of 4 weeks. The findings of the study are reported based on overall removal efficiencies recording 69% for orthophosphates and 54% for total COD for a sludge retention time (SRT) of 7 days and hydraulic retention time of 18 h at mesophilic temperature conditions of ±25 °C. Moreover, the SBR system showed stability on orthophosphate removal at a SRT ranging from 3 to 7 days with a variation in organic volumetric loading rate ranging from 1.14 to 4.83 kg COD/m3.day. The anaerobic reaction period was experimentally found to be 4 h with the aerobic phase lasting for 14 h. The SBR system demonstrated feasibility on orthophosphates and COD removal with variation in organic loading rate.
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25
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Zhou CS, Wu JW, Liu BF, Ma WL, Yang SS, Cao GL. (Micro) nanoplastics promote the risk of antibiotic resistance gene propagation in biological phosphorus removal system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128547. [PMID: 35220117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), nanoplastics (NPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging pollutants, have been frequently detected in wastewater treatment plants. However, the behavior of phosphorus and ARGs under MP and NP (MP/NP) pressure in biological phosphorus removal (BPR) system is still unknown. This study investigated the effects of MP/NPs on phosphorus removal and ARGs propagation in BPR system. Results showed that MP/NPs had no influence on phosphorus removal, but significantly promoted the amplification of tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs). Moreover, the TRG abundance were more facilitated by MPs than NPs, and the TRGs of efflux pump and enzymatic modification mechanism were mainly enriched. Meanwhile, MP/NPs increased the transmission risk of multiple resistance genes and mobile gene elements (MGEs). Microbial communities demonstrated the main polyphosphate accumulating organisms shifted from Acinetobacter to unclassified_Gammaproteobacteria, which explained why phosphorus removal efficiency was unaffected with MP/NP addition. Correlation analysis revealed there was no significant correlation between ARGs and MGEs (intI1 and intI2), but the abundances of potential hosts of ARGs were significantly increased with MP/NP addition, implying microbial community structure changes rather than gene horizontal transfer was the main factor promoting ARG propagation under MP/NP pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guang-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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26
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Chen L, Chen H, Hu Z, Tian Y, Wang C, Xie P, Deng X, Zhang Y, Tang X, Lin X, Li B, Wei C, Qiu G. Carbon uptake bioenergetics of PAOs and GAOs in full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118258. [PMID: 35320769 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work analyzed, for the first time, the bioenergetics of PAOs and GAOs in full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for the uptake of different carbon sources. Fifteen samples were collected from five full-scale WWTPs. Predominance of different PAOs, i.e., Ca. Accumulibacter (0.00-0.49%), Tetrasphaera (0.37-3.94%), Microlunatus phosphovorus (0.01-0.18%), etc., and GAOs, i.e., Ca. Competibacter (0.08-5.39%), Defluviicoccus (0.05-5.34%), Micropruina (0.17-1.87%), etc., were shown by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Despite the distinct PAO/GAO community compositions in different samples, proton motive force (PMF) was found as the key driving force (up to 90.1%) for the uptake of volatile fatty acids (VFAs, acetate and propionate) and amino acids (glutamate and aspartate) by both GAOs and PAOs at the community level, contrasting the previous understanding that Defluviicoccus have a low demand of PMF for acetate uptake. For the uptake of acetate or propionate, PAOs rarely activated F1, F0- ATPase (< 11.7%) or fumarate reductase (< 5.3%) for PMF generation; whereas, intensive involvements of these two pathways (up to 49.2% and 61.0%, respectively) were observed for GAOs, highlighting a major and community-level difference in their VFA uptake biogenetics in full-scale systems. However, different from VFAs, the uptake of glutamate and aspartate by both PAOs and GAOs commonly involved fumarate reductase and F1, F0-ATPase activities. Apart from these major and community-level differences, high level fine-scale micro-diversity in carbon uptake bioenergetics was observed within PAO and GAO lineages, probably resulting from their versatilities in employing different pathways for reducing power generation. Ca. Accumulibacter and Halomonas seemed to show higher dependency on the reverse operation of F1, F0-ATPase than other PAOs, likely due to the low involvement of glyoxylate shunt pathway. Unlike Tetrasphaera, but similar to Ca. Accumulibacter, Microlunatus phosphovorus took up glutamate and aspartate via the proton/glutamate-aspartate symporter driven by PMF. This feature was testified using a pure culture of Microlunatus phosphovorus stain NM-1. The major difference between PAOs and GAOs highlights the potential to selectively suppress GAOs for community regulation in EBPR systems. The finer-scale carbon uptake bioenergetics of PAOs or GAOs from different lineages benefits in understanding their interactions in community assembly in complex environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zekun Hu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yucheng Tian
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cenchao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiran Xie
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuhan Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yushen Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Tang
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueran Lin
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Biqing Li
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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27
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Bacterial Community Composition and Function in a Tropical Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diversity and community composition are of great importance in wastewater treatment; however, little is known about the diversity and community structure of bacteria in tropical municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, in this study, activated sludge samples were collected from the return sludge, anaerobic sludge, anoxic sludge, and aerobic sludge of an A2O WWTP in Haikou, China. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to examine the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of bacteria in the samples. The microbial community diversity in this tropical WWTP was higher than in temperate, subtropical, and plateau WWTPs. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Patescibacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla. Nitrification bacteria Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira were also detected. Tetrasphaera, instead of Candidatus Accumulibacter, were the dominant polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), while, glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), such as Candidatus Competibacter and Defluviicoccus were also detected. The bacterial community functions predicted by PICRUSt2 were related to metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing. This study provides a reference for the optimization of tropical municipal WWTPs.
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28
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Cheng R, Hou S, Wang J, Zhu H, Shutes B, Yan B. Biochar-amended constructed wetlands for eutrophication control and microcystin (MC-LR) removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133830. [PMID: 35149020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) pollution caused by eutrophication and climate change has posed a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. Constructed wetlands (CWs) with biochar addition volume ratios of 0% (BC0-CWs), 10% (BC10-CWs), 20% (BC20-CWs) and 50% (BC50-CWs) were set up to evaluate the efficiency of biochar-amended CWs for eutrophication and MCs pollution control. The results illustrated that removal efficiencies of both NH4+-N and NO3--N were enhanced by biochar addition to varying degrees. The average TP and MC-LR removal efficiencies increased with increasing biochar addition ratios, and the average TP and MC-LR removal efficiencies in biochar-amended CWs were significantly (p < 0.05) improved by 5.64-9.58% and 10.74-14.52%, respectively, compared to that of BC0-CWs. Biochar addition changed the microbial community diversity and structure of CWs. The relative abundance of functional microorganisms such as Burkholderiaceae, Nitrospiraceae, Micrococcaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae was promoted by biochar addition regardless of addition ratios. The higher relative abundance of the above microorganisms in BC20-CWs and BC50-CWs may contribute to their better removal performance compared to other CWs. The concentrations of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in biochar-amended CWs were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in BC0-CWs, which can reduce the risk of system clogging. This study demonstrated that biochar addition may be a potential intensification strategy for eutrophication and MCs pollution control by CWs. Considering both the removal performance and economic cost, a biochar addition ratio of 20% was recommended as an optimal addition ratio in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, PR China
| | - Jingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, PR China.
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, PR China
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29
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Cheng R, Zhu H, Wang J, Hou S, Shutes B, Yan B. Removal of microcystin (MC-LR) in constructed wetlands integrated with microbial fuel cells: Efficiency, bioelectricity generation and microbial response. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114669. [PMID: 35168133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) pollution caused by cyanobacteria harmful blooms (CHBs) has posed short- and long-term risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been verified as an effective technology for eutrophication but the removal performance for MCs did not achieve an acceptable level. CWs integrated with microbial fuel cell (MFC-CWs) were developed to intensify the nutrient and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) removal efficiencies in this study. The results indicated that closed-circuit MFC-CWs (T1) exhibited a better NO3--N, NH4+-N, TP and MC-LR removal efficiency compared to that of open-circuit MFC-CWs (CK, i.e., traditional CWs). Therein, a MC-LR removal efficiency of greater than 95% was observed in both trials in T1. The addition of sponge iron to the anode layer of MFC-CWs (T2) improved only the NO3--N removal and efficiency bioelectricity generation performance compared to T1, and the average effluent MC-LR concentration of T2 (1.14 μg/L) was still higher than the provisional limit concentration (1.0 μg/L). The microbial community diversity of T1 and T2 was simplified compared to CK. The relative abundance of Sphingomonadaceae possessing the degradation capability for MCs increased in T1, which contributed to the higher MC-LR removal efficiency compared to CK and T2. While the relative abundance of electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) (i.e., Desulfuromonadaceae and Desulfomicrobiaceae) in the anode of T2 was promoted by the addition of sponge iron. Overall, this study suggests that integrating MFC into CWs provides a feasible intensification strategy for eutrophication and MCs pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region and Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region and Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Jingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region and Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region and Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, China
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30
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Song H, Liu T. Analysis of microbial community resistance mechanisms in groundwater contaminated with SAs and high NH 4+-Fe-Mn. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153036. [PMID: 35026256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The resistance mechanism of microbial communities in contaminated groundwater under the combined stress of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs), NH4+, and Fe-Mn exceeding the standard levels was studied in an agricultural area along the Songhua River in Northeast China with developed livestock and poultry breeding. Representative points were selected in the study area to explore the response of environmental parameters and microbial communities, and microscopic experiments with different SA concentrations were conducted with background groundwater. The results showed a complex relationship between microbial communities and environmental factors. The environmental factors SM, SM2, SMX, DOC, NO3-, Fe, Mn, and HCO3- significantly affected the microbial community, with SMX, DOC, and Mn having the greatest effect. Three types of antibiotics with similar properties had different effects on the microbial community, and these effects were not simply additive or superimposed. After adding SAs, Proteobacteria with multi-resistance (99.85%) became the dominant phylum, and Acinetobacter (98.68%) became the dominant genus with SA resistance. SAs have a significant influence on bacterial chemotaxis, transporters, substance transport, and metabolism. Microorganisms resist the influence of SAs via a series of resistance mechanisms, such as enhancing the synthesis of relevant enzymes, generating new biochemical reactions, and reducing the transport of harmful substances through cell membranes. We also found that the proportion of exogenous compound degradation and metabolism-related functional genes in the presence of high SA concentrations increased significantly, which may be related to the degradation of SAs by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jili Wang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewei Song
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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31
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Fate of sloughed biomass in integrated fixed-film systems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262603. [PMID: 35061828 PMCID: PMC8782294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fate of biofilm sloughing was assessed in a laboratory-scale (LS) integrated fixed-film sequencing batch reactor (IF-SBR) treating synthetic wastewater and in a full-scale (FS) integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system treating municipal wastewater. It was observed that the properties of biofilms and flocs, including sludge volume index (SVI), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), effluent suspended solids (ESS), relative hydrophobicity, and composition of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) were associated with biofilm sloughing and formation of large granular flocs in the LS IF-SBR. In the FS IFAS system, the changes were studied at the molecular level. For example, the extracted EPS content results (the protein to polysaccharide ratio decreased in the flocs and increased in the biofilms, with biofilm sloughing) were complemented with the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) coupled with molecular specific staining. CLSM analyses revealed that micro-colonies rich in polysaccharides readily sloughed from the carriers. Live-dead staining revealed areas of the biofilm where the viability of biomass was a contributing factor associated with areas of the biofilm susceptible to sloughing. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) of FS IFAS samples revealed greater diversity (α-diversity) in biofilms compared to flocs. Biofilm sloughing resulted in a decrease in diversity in biofilms and a corresponding increase in the flocs during sloughing. Microbial population dynamics revealed that bacteria known for denitrification (for example, Comamonadaceae) detached from the biofilms during sloughing, readily associated with the suspended biomass, and were retained in the bioreactors.
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Tian L, Yan B, Ou Y, Liu H, Cheng L, Jiao P. Effectiveness of Exogenous Fe 2+ on Nutrient Removal in Gravel-Based Constructed Wetlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031475. [PMID: 35162498 PMCID: PMC8835606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A group of microcosm-scale unplanted constructed wetlands (CWs) were established to evaluate the effectiveness of exogenous Fe2+ addition on ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and total phosphorus (TP) removal. The addition of Fe2+ concentrations were 5 mg/L (CW-Fe5), 10 mg/L (CW-Fe10), 20 mg/L (CW-Fe20), 30 mg/L (CW-Fe30), and 0 mg/L (CW-CK). The microbial community in CWs was also analyzed to reveal the enhancement mechanism of pollutant removal. The results showed that the addition of Fe2+ could significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the NO3--N concentration in the CWs. When 10 mg/L Fe2+ was added and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 8 h, the highest removal rate of NO3--N was 88.66%. For NH4+-N, when the HRT was 8-24 h, the removal rate of CW-Fe5 was the highest (35.23% at 8 h and 59.24% at 24 h). When the HRT was 48-72 h, the removal rate of NH4+-N in CWs with 10 mg/L Fe2+ addition was the highest (85.19% at 48 h and 88.66% and 72 h). The removal rate of TP in all CWs was higher than 57.06%, compared with CW-CK, it increased 0.63-31.62% in CWs with Fe2+ addition; the final effluent TP concentration in CW-Fe5 (0.13 mg/L) and CW-Fe10 (0.16 mg/L) met the class III water standards in Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards of China (GB3838-2002). Microbical diversity indexes, including Shannon and Chao1, were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Fe2+ amended treatment than that in CW-CK treatment. Furthermore, phylum Firmicutes, family Carnobacteriaceae, and genus Trichococcus in Fe2+ amended treatments was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in CW-CK treatment. Fe3+ reducing bacteria, such as Trichococcus genus, belonging to the Carnobacteriaceae in family-level, and Lactobacillales order affiliated to Firmicutes in the phylum-level, can reduce the oxidized Fe3+ to Fe2+ and continue to provide electrons for nitrate. It is recommended to consider adding an appropriate amount of iron into the water to strengthen its purifying capacity effect for constructed artificial wetlands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Huiping Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (H.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (H.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Peng Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
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Nancharaiah YV, Sarvajith M. Aerobic granular sludge for efficient biotransformation of chalcogen Se IV and Te IV oxyanions: Biological nutrient removal and biogenesis of Se 0 and Te 0 nanostructures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126833. [PMID: 34399215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of selenite (SeIV), tellurite (TeIV) and nutrients by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was investigated. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated with increasing SeIV and TeIV (up to 500 µM each) for 205 days to evaluate metalloid oxyanion and nutrient removal. AGS efficiently removed SeIV and TeIV by readily converting them to biomass associated forms. The total Se and Te removal efficiencies were higher at 98% and 99%, respectively. Formation of biomass-associated Se0 and Te0 was confirmed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. Feeding of SeIV and TeIV elicited inhibitory action on ammonium removal initially, nonetheless removal performance was recovered during the subsequent cycles. Ammonium, total nitrogen and phosphorus removals were stabilized at 85%, 80% and 75%, respectively, at 500 µM of SeIV and TeIV. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene confirmed enrichment of known SeIV and TeIV reducing bacteria in the granules. qPCR and removal kinetics supported ammonia removal via nitritation-denitritation. This work demonstrates functional capabilities of AGS for effectively removing toxic SeIV and TeIV oxyanions apart from performing simultaneous COD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Efficient biological nutrient removal in the presence of toxic SeIV and TeIV concentrations, suggests robustness of AGS and its resilience to toxic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| | - M Sarvajith
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai 400 094, India
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Ban Q, Zhang L, Li J. Correlating bacterial and archaeal community with efficiency of a coking wastewater treatment plant employing anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process in coal industry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131724. [PMID: 34388873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coking wastewater (CWW) contains various complex pollutants, and biological treatment processes are frequently applied in the coking wastewater treatment plants (CWWTPs). The present work is to evaluate the contaminants removal of a full-scale CWWTP with an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process (A/A/O), to reveal function of bacterial and archaeal community involved in different bioreactors, and to clarify the relationship between the performance and microbial community. Illumina Miseq sequencing of bacteria showed that β-proteobacteria dominated in three bioreactors with relative abundance of 60.2%~81.7%. 75.2% of sequences were assigned to Petrobacter in the bioreactor A1, while Thiobacillus dominated in A2 and O with relative abundance of 31.8% and 38.7%, respectively. Illumina Miseq sequencing of archaea revealed a high diversity of methanogens existed in A1 and A2 activated sludge. Moreover, Halostagnicola was the dominant archaea in A1 and A2 activated sludge with relative abundance of 41.8% and 66.5%, respectively. Function predicted analysis explored that function of bacteria was similar to that of archaea but the relative abundance differed from each other. A putative biodegradation model of CWW treatment in A/A/O process indicated that A1 and A2 activated sludge mainly reduced carbohydrate, protein, TN, phenol and cyanide, as well as methane production. Bacteria in the bioreactor O were responsible for aerobic biotransformation of residual carbohydrates, refractory organics and nitrification. The redundancy analysis (RDA) further revealed that removal of COD, TN, and NO3--N, phenol and cyanides were highly correlated with some anaerobic bacteria and archaea, whereas the transformation of NH4+-N was positively correlated with some aerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Ban
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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35
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Luo Y, Lei H, Wang R, Zhao H, Zhang G, Song C. A Novel In Vivo Functional Screening Method for the Candidate Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms Isolation. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Effects of P/C ratios on the growth, phosphorus removal and phosphorus recovery of a novel strain of highly efficient PAO. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Rey-Martínez N, Merdan G, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Nitrite and nitrate inhibition thresholds for a glutamate-fed bio-P sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131173. [PMID: 34182653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is an efficient and sustainable technology to remove phosphorus from wastewater. A widely known cause of EBPR deterioration in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the presence of nitrate/nitrite or oxygen in the anaerobic reactor. Moreover, most existing studies on the effect of either permanent aerobic conditions or inhibition of EBPR by nitrate or free nitrous acid (FNA) have been conducted with a "Candidatus Accumulibacter" or Tetrasphaera-enriched sludge, which are the two major reported groups of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) with key roles in full-scale EBPR WWTPs. This work reports the denitrification capabilities of a bio-P microbial community developed using glutamate as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. This bio-P sludge exhibited a high denitrifying PAO (DPAO) activity, in fact, 56% of the phosphorus was uptaken under anoxic conditions. Furthermore, this mixed culture was able to use nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptor for P-uptake, being 1.8 μg HNO2-N·L-1 the maximum FNA concentration at which P-uptake can occur. Net P-removal was observed under permanent aerobic conditions. However, this microbial culture was more sensitive to FNA and permanent aerobic conditions compared to "Ca. Accumulibacter"-enriched sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rey-Martínez
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gökçe Merdan
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Engineering, Namık Kemal University, Turkey.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Li J, Hao X, Gan W, van Loosdrecht MCM, Wu Y. Recovery of extracellular biopolymers from conventional activated sludge: Potential, characteristics and limitation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117706. [PMID: 34600231 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are biopolymers that can be recovered from excess sludge, which could contribute to a more sustainable wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation. An example is alginate like extracellular polymers (ALE) contained in the biopolymers could be a potential resource with a highly-added value. EPS extraction for ALE from aerobic granules sludge (AGS) has already been well studied and applied in the Netherlands. On the other hand, there is little attention to the recovery of biopolymers from conventional activated sludge (CAS). In this study, flocculent sludge from eight CAS-WWTPs in China was collected and their EPS/biopolymers were extracted to investigate their recovery potential, chemical & physical properties and limiting factors. The results revealed that the biopolymers extracted and purified from CAS ranged from 90 to 190 mg/g VSS. The compositional characteristics of the biopolymers were observed by FT-IR, 3D-EEM and UV-Visible spectra, demonstrating some differences in the composition and property of the biopolymers from the different WWTPs. The biopolymers had a similarity of about 60% to a commercial alginate with respect to chemical functional groups and the alginate equivalent was >400 mg/g biopolymers. Moreover, the biopolymers consisted of poly (guluronic acid) blocks (20%-30%) and poly (guluronic acid-mannuronic acid) blocks (8%-28%), and the ionic hydrogel formation tests indicated that condensed beads were immediately formed once the drops of the biopolymers came in contact with CaCl2 solution. These results demonstrated that the biopolymers extracted had a relatively high gel-forming capacity and might also have a potential application as commercial biopolymers. Furthermore, the factors influencing the biopolymers' formation such as influent substrate, nutrient content and microbial community and the related mechanisms were investigated. Among them, increasing soluble organics (SCOD) content and low nutrient content (C/N/P) in the influent could promote the biopolymers' formation. Also, different bacteria in BNR processes might have positive or negative effects on the biopolymers' formation. In conclusion, the diversity and abundance of bacteria were identified to be a crucial and decisive factor controlling biopolymers' extraction and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Wei Gan
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Dept. of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
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39
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Lu X, Duan H, Oehmen A, Carvalho G, Yuan Z, Ye L. Achieving combined biological short-cut nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a one sludge system with side-stream sludge treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117563. [PMID: 34419918 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen (N) removal via the short-cut pathway (NH4+-N→NO2--N→N2) is economically attractive in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, biological phosphorus (P) removal processes remain a bottleneck in these systems due to the strong inhibitory effect of nitrite or its protonated form (HNO2, free nitrous acid - FNA) on polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). In this study, a novel combined nitrogen and phosphorus removal strategy was verified and achieved in a biological short-cut nitrogen removal system via side-stream sludge treatment with FNA, and the mechanisms impacting this process were investigated. The side-stream FNA treatment process applied here led to a significant reduction in the real sludge retention time (SRT) in the mainstream (approximately 2.7 days) based on the biocidal effect of FNA to the majority of the organisms. This work also found that around 40% of the P uptake activity was still maintained at a much higher FNA level of 38 μg N/L with potential PAOs, which highly broadened the current knowledge of PAOs community. An economic analysis revealed advantages of the proposed as compared to conventional biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal (13% savings in total cost), biological short-cut nitrogen removal (via FNA treatment) with chemical phosphorus precipitation (21% savings) and conventional biological nitrogen removal with chemical precipitation (27% savings). Overall, this study presents a novel and viable retrofit strategy in integrating biological short-cut nitrogen removal with EBPR for next generation WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gilda Carvalho
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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40
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Shao Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu GH, Qi L, Xu X, Zhang J, Liu S, Sun W. Effect of operating temperature on the efficiency of ultra-short-sludge retention time activated sludge systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39257-39267. [PMID: 33751351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are abundant recyclable carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus resources in wastewater and their efficient recovery is a heavily studied topic at present. As an effective means of carbon and phosphorus recovery, the ultra-short-sludge retention time (SRT) activated sludge (USSAS) system has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, the capture efficiency and mechanism of carbon/phosphorus, and the microbial characteristics of the USSAS system, were studied at different temperatures (12, 18, 24, and 30 °C) and a 3-day SRT. The results showed that temperature had little effect on the carbon capture efficiency but had a considerable impact on the carbon capture mode. Increasing temperature decreased the EPS content and increased the biological metabolic activity, then decreasing adsorption but increasing the biotransformation effect. There was a negative correlation between temperature and phosphorus capture efficiency. As the temperature increased, the biological phosphorus removal effect decreased, but the adsorptive phosphorus removal effect gradually increased. With decreasing temperatures, the mixed liquid volatile suspended solid (MLVSS)/mixed liquid suspended solid (MLSS) value increased, but there was a risk of sludge bulking. Kinetic parameters confirmed microbial energy storage under lower temperature conditions and high biological activity under higher temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shao
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xianglong Xu
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Wenzhuo Sun
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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41
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Iannacone F, Di Capua F, Granata F, Gargano R, Esposito G. Shortcut nitrification-denitrification and biological phosphorus removal in acetate- and ethanol-fed moving bed biofilm reactors under microaerobic/aerobic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124958. [PMID: 33756183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of coupling simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) to biological phosphorus removal in continuous-flow intermittently-aerated moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) fed with different carbon sources, i.e. ethanol and acetate. Bacterial cultivation at pH 8.2 (±0.2), 26-28 °C and SRT of 4 day and microaerobic/aerobic MBBR operation allowed to achieve average dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and P-PO43- removal efficiencies (REs) of 100%, 81-88% and 83-86% at HRT of 1 day, dissolved oxygen (DO) range of 0.2-3 mg L-1 and feed C/N and C/P ratios of 3.6 and 11, respectively. Acetate supplementation favored a diversified microbial community, while overgrowth of heterotrophs was observed when increasing feed C/N ratio in ethanol-fed MBBR. Illumina sequencing displayed the presence of putative phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) such as Hydrogenophaga and Pseudomonas in MBBR biofilm and suspended biomass, whereas no typical NOB was identified during the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iannacone
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy; Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Granata
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Rudy Gargano
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Xu R, Fan F, Lin Q, Yuan S, Meng F. Overlooked Ecological Roles of Influent Wastewater Microflora in Improving Biological Phosphorus Removal in an Anoxic/Aerobic MBR Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6270-6280. [PMID: 33830745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ecological roles of influent microflora in activated sludge communities have not been well investigated. Herein, parallel lab-scale anoxic/aerobic (A/O) membrane bioreactors (MBRs), which were fed with raw (MBR-C) and sterilized (MBR-T) municipal wastewater, were operated. The MBRs showed comparable nitrogen removal but superior phosphorus removal in MBR-C than MBR-T over the long-term operation. The MBR-C sludge community had higher diversity and deterministic assembly than the MBR-T sludge community as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and null model analysis. Moreover, the MBR-C sludge community had higher abundance of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and hydrolytic/fermentative bacteria (HFB) but lower abundance of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs), in comparison with MBR-T sludge. Intriguingly, the results of both the net growth rate and Sloan's neutral model demonstrated that HFB in the sludge community were generally slow-growing or nongrowing and their consistent presence in activated sludge was primarily attributed to the HFB immigration from influent microflora. Positive correlations between PAOs and HFB and potential competitions between HFB and GAOs were observed, as revealed by the putative species-species associations in the ecological networks. Taken together, this work deciphers the positive ecological roles of influent microflora, particularly HFB, in system functioning and highlights the necessity of incorporating influent microbiota for the design and modeling of A/O MBR plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Qining Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
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Yu J, Tang SN, Lee PKH. Microbial Communities in Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Systems Exhibit Deterministic Assembly Processes and Functional Dependency over Time. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5312-5323. [PMID: 33784458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities constitute the core component of biological wastewater treatment processes. We conducted a meta-analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene of temporal samples obtained from diverse full-scale activated sludge and anaerobic digestion systems treating municipal and industrial wastewater (collected in this study and published previously) to investigate their community assembly mechanism and functional traits over time, which are not currently well understood. The influent composition was found to be the main driver of the microbial community's composition, and relatively large proportions of specialist (26.1% and 18.6%) and transient taxa (67.2% and 68.1%) were estimated in both systems. Deterministic processes, especially homogeneous selection events (accounting for >53.8% of assembly events), were consistently identified as the dominant microbial community assembly mechanisms in both systems over time. Significant and strong correlations (Pearson's r = 0.51-0.92) were detected between the dynamics of the temporal community and the functional compositions in both systems, which suggests functional dependency. In contrast, the occurrence of sludge bulking and foaming in the activated sludge system led to an increase in stochastic assembly processes (i.e., limited dispersal and undominated events), a shift toward functional redundancy and less community diversity, a decreased community niche breadth index, and a more compact co-association network. This study illustrates that the mechanism of microbial community assembly and functional traits over time can be used to diagnose system performance and provide information on potential system malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siang Nee Tang
- Facility Management and Environmental Engineering, TAL Group, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick K H Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Knisz J, Shetty P, Wirth R, Maróti G, Karches T, Dalkó I, Bálint M, Vadkerti E, Bíró T. Genome-level insights into the operation of an on-site biological wastewater treatment unit reveal the importance of storage time. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144425. [PMID: 33418265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-site wastewater treatment systems are gaining popularity in areas where centralized wastewater treatment is not available. In the current case study a domestic activated sludge system was investigated, where treated effluent was stored in a short-term (1 week turn-over time) and a long-term (over 2-3 months) storage tank and was then used for irrigation. This design provided a unique opportunity to assess the chemical and microbial changes of the effluent upon storage. Long-term storage greatly improved both the chemical quality and the degradation efficiency of most organic micropollutants examined, including petroleum hydrocarbons and the pesticide diethyltoluamide. Taxonomic profile of the core microbiome of the effluent was also influenced upon storage. Relative abundance values of the members of Azoarcus and Thauera genera, which are important in degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds, clearly indicated the biodegrading activity of these microbes across samples. The abundance of xenobiotics degradation functions correlated with the observed organic micropollutant degradation values indicating efficient microbial decomposition of these contaminants. Functions related to infectious diseases also had the highest abundance in the short-term storage tank corresponding well with the relative abundance of indicator organisms and implying to the significance of storage time in the elimination of pathogens. Based on these results, small, on-site wastewater treatment systems could benefit from long-term storage of wastewater effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Knisz
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - P Shetty
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - R Wirth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Maróti
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T Karches
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - I Dalkó
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - M Bálint
- Bálint Analitika Ltd, Fehérvári út 144, 1116 Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Vadkerti
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - T Bíró
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 12-14., 6500 Baja, Hungary.
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Zhang S, Meng F. Core activated sludge communities are influenced little by immigration: Case study of a membrane bioreactor plant. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 102:244-255. [PMID: 33637250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial immigrants arriving with influent wastewater may influence activated sludge (AS) ecosystems. However, the extent to which immigration impacts AS communities is still debated. To explore the intensity of immigration impact, we used sequencing technology to track the raw wastewater and AS communities from a membrane bioreactor plant over a 12-month period. We first distinguished core populations from peripheral ones in both raw wastewater and AS based on their occurrence frequency and abundance. The results showed that core OTUs (≥ 80% occurrence frequency) made up a large fraction (> 90%) of total sequences, while peripheral OTUs composed the majority of all detected OTUs but merely occupied a few sequences. A significant difference in core communities between the influent and AS was found, as well as between the compositions of core and peripheral populations. Additionally, the persistent functional bacteria of AS, although not numerically dominant, accounted for 96.24% of the total sequences related to nutrient turnover, suggesting the presence of a small number of longstanding and core functional bacteria in the AS ecosystem. Importantly, 64% of the 5188 OTUs in AS, which accounted for 91.51% of the sequences, exhibited positive growth rates, which suggested that their apparent abundances were due to growth within the plant, not from immigration. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the impact of influent populations on core AS communities was limited. Overall, this work provides quantitative insights into the impact of immigration, which is expected to advance our understanding of the AS community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Cheng R, Zhu H, Shutes B, Yan B. Treatment of microcystin (MC-LR) and nutrients in eutrophic water by constructed wetlands: Performance and microbial community. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128139. [PMID: 33297127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms and microcystins (MCs) pollution pose serious threat to aquatic ecosystem and public health. Planted and unplanted constructed wetlands (CWs) filled with four substrates (i.e., gravel (G-CWs), ceramsite (C-CWs), iron-carbon (I-CWs) and slag (S-CWs)) were established to evaluate nutrients and a typical MCs variant (i.e., MC-LR) removal efficiency from eutrophic water affected by the presence of plant and different substrate. The response of the microbial community to the above factors was also analyzed in this study. The results indicate that the presence of plant can generally enhance nutrients and MC-LR removal efficiency in CWs, except for I-CWs. Throughout the experiment, all CWs exhibited good nitrogen removal efficiency with removal percentages exceeding 90%; TP and MC-LR average removal efficiency of C-CWs and I-CWs were greater than G-CWs and S-CWs irrespective of the presence of plant. The best MC-LR removal efficiency under different MC-LR loads was observed in planted C-CWs (ranged from 91.56% to 95.16%). Except for I-CWs, the presence of plant can enhance relative abundances of functional microorganisms involved in nutrients removal (e.g., Comamonadaceae and Planctomycetaceae) and MCs degradation (e.g., Burkholderiaceae). The microbial community diversity of I-CWs was simplified, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was highest in this study. The highest relative abundances of Comamonadaceae, Planctomycetaceae and Burkholderiaceae were observed in planted C-CWs. Overall, ceramisite and iron-carbon were more suitable to be applied in CWs for nutrients and MC-LR removal. This study provides a theoretical basis for practical application of CWs in eutrophication and MCs pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, China
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Li K, Qian J, Wang P, Wang C, Lu B, Jin W, He X, Tang S, Zhang C, Gao P. Effects of aging and transformation of anatase and rutile TiO 2 nanoparticles on biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactors and related toxic mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:123030. [PMID: 32492616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nanomaterials aging, namely the transformation of comprehensive characteristics after experiencing real or complex environmental behaviors, on their ecotoxicology is still lacking. Moreover, the mechanisms by which NPs influence biological phosphorus (P) removal during sewage treatment require further elucidation. Therefore, we used both pristine and aged anatase (TiO2-A) and rutile (TiO2-R) NPs to investigate the mechanisms by which NPs affect P removal in a SBR. At 0.1 mg/L, the four types of NPs (pristine and aged) had no significant effect on sludge purification after acute (72-h) exposure under simulated sunlight. However, at 50 mg/L-regardless of the crystalline phase of the NPs-SOP and COD removal efficiency dropped steeply to approximately 42.2-82.4 % (p < 0.05) and 69.8-83.3 % (p < 0.05), respectively, especially in the pristine TiO2-NPs groups because of decrease of richness and diversity of genus level of PAOs and enzyme activity of both PPK and PPX, and the sluggish transformation of PHA and glycogen. Aging reduced the ability of NPs toxicity. The toxicity mechanisms of TiO2-NPs included lipid peroxidation and contact damage, or leakage from bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, which are closely related to photooxidation capacity and aqueous solution stability-i.e., nanoscale effects-and the impacts of aging or inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Bianhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixian He
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
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Chan C, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Living on the edge: Prospects for enhanced biological phosphorus removal at low sludge retention time under different temperature scenarios. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127230. [PMID: 32535439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design of new wastewater treatment plants with the aim of capturing organic matter for energy recovery is a current focus of research. Operating with low sludge residence time (SRT) appears to be a key factor in maximizing organic matter recovery. In these new configurations, it is assumed that phosphorus is chemically removed in a tertiary step, but the integration of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) into these short-SRT systems seems to be an alternative worth studying. A key point of this integration is to prevent the washout of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) despite the low SRT applied. However, the minimum SRT required to avoid PAO washout depends on temperature, due to its effects on reaction kinetics, gas transfer rates, biomass growth and decay rates. This work includes a wide range of short and long-term experiments to understand these interactions and shows which combinations of SRT and temperature are detrimental to PAO growth. For example, an EBPR system operating at 20 °C and SRT = 5 d showed good performance, but EBPR activity was lost at 10 °C. EBPR operated at SRT = 10 d had 86% P removal at 20 °C but decreased to 71% at 15 °C and progressively lost its activity at lower temperature. The temperature coefficient obtained for PAO show a low degree of temperature dependence (θ = 1.047 ± 0.014), and should be considered when designing short-SRT systems with EBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Chan
- GENOCOV Research Group. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV Research Group. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV Research Group. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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49
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Effect of Aeration Mode on Microbial Structure and Efficiency of Treatment of TSS-Rich Wastewater from Meat Processing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of aeration mode on microbial structure and efficiency of treatment of wastewater with a high concentration of suspended solids (TSS) from meat processing in sequencing batch reactors (R). R1 was constantly aerated, while in R2 intermittent aeration was applied. DNA was isolated from biomass and analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and real-time PCR. As a result, in R1 aerobic granular sludge was cultivated (SVI30 = 44 mL g−1 MLSS), while in R2 a very well-settling mixture of aerobic granules and activated sludge was obtained (SVI30 = 65 mL g−1 MLSS). Intermittent aeration significantly increased denitrification and phosphorus removal efficiencies (68% vs. 43%, 73% vs. 65%, respectively) but resulted in decomposition of extracellular polymeric substances and worse-settling properties of biomass. In both reactors, microbial structure significantly changed in time; an increase in relative abundances of Arenimonas sp., Rhodobacterace, Thauera sp., and Dokdonella sp. characterized the biomass of stable treatment of meat-processing wastewater. Constant aeration in R1 cycle favored growth of glycogen-accumulating Amaricoccus tamworthensis (10.9%) and resulted in 2.4 times and 1.4 times greater number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and full-denitrifiers genes in biomass, respectively, compared to the R2.
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50
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Shao Y, Liu GH, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Qi L, Xu X, Wang J, He Y, Li Q, Fan H, Zhang J. Sludge characteristics, system performance and microbial kinetics of ultra-short-SRT activated sludge processes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105973. [PMID: 32738765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge processes with an ultra-short sludge retention time (ultra-short-SRT) are considered to have potential for energy and resource recovery from wastewater. The present study focused on the sludge characteristics, system performance and microbial kinetics in ultra-short-SRT activated sludge (USSAS) processes using typical domestic wastewater (SRT = 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 d). The results showed that compared with the sludge in conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes, the sludge structure in USSAS system was looser (fractal dimension, D2P, 1.19-1.33), the boundary was rougher (pore boundary fractal dimension, DB, 1.44-1.59), the sludge concentration was lower, and the sludge volume index (SVI) was higher; bacteria such as Thiothrix and Trichococcus that cause sludge bulking, which poses an operation risk, were extensively detected, especially at SRTs of 0.5 d and 1.0 d. The performance in terms of total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) and phosphorus removal increased with increasing SRT, and the highest removal rate (approximately 85% for tCOD and 90% for phosphorus) was observed when the SRT was 4 d. Both bioconversion and biosorption were responsible for the C/P separation, and their roles were different for different types of organic matter and phosphorus under different SRT conditions. The proportion of phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) reached 2.4% when the SRT was 3 d, resulting in highly effective biological phosphorus removal. The values of microbial kinetic parameters such as YH and KdH in USSAS systems were higher than those in CAS systems, indicating faster microbial community renewal. This study was helpful for understanding the characteristics of USSAS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shao
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Lu Qi
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xianglong Xu
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuanpu He
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Haitao Fan
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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