1
|
Sun X, Duan L, Liu Z, Gao Q, Liu J, Zhang D. The mechanism of silica and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) on reverse osmosis membranes fouling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119634. [PMID: 37995634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved silica and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are the primary foulants in reverse osmosis (RO) desalinated brackish water and wastewater. In this study, we investigated the fouling properties of varying silica concentrations with TEP on the membrane surface and discovered a synergistic fouling effect between the silanol group (Si-OH) and the TEP carboxyl group (-COOH). The membrane fouling experiments showed that silica fouling approached saturation at 6 mM, with little variation in membrane flux as the silica concentration increased. Furthermore, the -OH functional group of the monosilicate molecule can chemically react with the -COO- functional group on the membrane surface to create hydrogen bonds, allowing monosilicate deposition directly on the membrane. Silica-silica interactions reacted with aggregates at high silica concentrations and joined with TEP to create a more substantial, more complex cross-linked network, resulting in severe membrane fouling. At pH 9, silica fouling was most severe due to the dramatic increase in the solubility of monosilicic acid dissolution in solution and the decreased polymerization rate. This work reveals the essential process of membrane fouling induced by silica and TEP, significantly increasing knowledge on silica-TEP fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Liang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Qiusheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dahai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Q, Duan L, Jia Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Yang W. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of Inorganic Matter on Membrane Organic Fouling: A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:837. [PMID: 37888009 PMCID: PMC10609035 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a non-negligible issue affecting the performance of membrane systems. Particularly, organic fouling is the most persistent and severe form of fouling. The complexation between inorganic and organic matter may exacerbate membrane organic fouling. This mini review systematically analyzes the role of inorganic matter in membrane organic fouling. Inorganic substances, such as metal ions and silica, can interact with organic foulants like humic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins through ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, coordination, and van der Waals interactions. These interactions facilitate the formation of larger aggregates that exacerbate fouling, especially for reverse osmosis membranes. Molecular simulations using molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) provide valuable mechanistic insights complementing fouling experiments. Polysaccharide fouling is mainly governed by transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) formations induced by inorganic ion bridging. Inorganic coagulants like aluminum and iron salts mitigate fouling for ultrafiltration but not reverse osmosis membranes. This review summarizes the effects of critical inorganic constituents on fouling by major organic foulants, providing an important reference for membrane fouling modeling and fouling control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hengliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Van Bavel N, Lewrenz AM, Issler T, Pang L, Anikovskiy M, Prenner EJ. Synthesis of Alginate Nanoparticles Using Hydrolyzed and Enzyme-Digested Alginate Using the Ionic Gelation and Water-in-Oil Emulsion Method. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051319. [PMID: 36904560 PMCID: PMC10007431 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate nanoparticles (AlgNPs) are attracting increasing interest for a range of applications because of their good biocompatibility and their ability to be functionalized. Alginate is an easily accessible biopolymer which is readily gelled by the addition of cations such as calcium, facilitating a cost-effective and efficient production of nanoparticles. In this study, AlgNPs based on acid hydrolyzed and enzyme-digested alginate were synthesized by using ionic gelation and water-in-oil emulsification, with the goal to optimize key parameters to produce small uniform (<200 nm) AlgNPs. By the ionic gelation method, such AlgNPs were obtained when sample concentrations were 0.095 mg/mL for alginate and CaCl2 in the range of 0.03-0.10 mg/mL. Alginate and CaCl2 concentrations > 0.10 mg/mL resulted in sizes > 200 nm with relatively high dispersity. Sonication in lieu of magnetic stirring proved to further reduce size and increase homogeneity of the nanoparticles. In the water-in-oil emulsification method, nanoparticle growth was confined to inverse micelles in an oil phase, resulting in lower dispersity. Both the ionic gelation and water-in-oil emulsification methods were suitable for producing small uniform AlgNPs that can be further functionalized as required for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Van Bavel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Anna-Marie Lewrenz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Travis Issler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Liping Pang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, P.O. Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (M.A.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (M.A.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Elmar J. Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (M.A.); (E.J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bai Y, Wu YH, Wang RN, Xue S, Chen Z, Hu HY. Critical minority fractions causing membrane fouling in reclaimed water: Fouling characteristics, mechanisms and control strategies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107818. [PMID: 36812804 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In regard to membrane-based technologies of wastewater reclamation, the reported key foulants were faced with dilemma that they could not be effectively separated and extracted from reclaimed water for thorough investigation. In this study, the crucial foulants were proposed as "critical minority fraction (FCM)", representing the fraction with molecular weight (MW) > 100 kDa which could be easily separated by physical filtration using MW cut-off membrane of 100 kDa with fairly high recovery ratio. FCM with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (∼1 mg/L) accounted for less than 20% of the total DOC in reclaimed water, while contributed to more than 90% of the membrane fouling, and thus FCM could be considered as a "perfect criminal" causing membrane fouling. Furthermore, pivotal fouling mechanism was attributed to the significant attractive force between FCM and membranes, which led to severe fouling development due to the aggregation of FCM on membrane surface. Fluorescent chromophores of FCM were concentrated in regions of proteins and soluble microbial products, with proteins and polysaccharides accounted for 45.2% and 25.1% of the total DOC, specifically. FCM was further fractionated into six fractions, among which hydrophobic acids and hydrophobic neutrals were the dominant components in terms of DOC content (∼80%) as well as fouling contribution. Regarding to these pronounced properties of FCM, targeted fouling control strategies including ozonation and coagulation were applied and proved to achieve remarkable fouling control effect. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography results suggested that ozonation achieved distinct transformation of FCM into low MW fractions, while coagulation removed FCM directly, thus leading to effective fouling alleviation. Therefore, the investigation of the critical foulants was expected to help glean valuable insight into the fouling mechanism and develop targeted fouling control technologies in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Rui-Ning Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; CSCEC SCIMEE Sci.& Tech. Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610045, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215163, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao B, Xu L, Shen P, Wang L, Qian Y, He X, Chu X, Zhang P. Effect of fulvic acid on transparent exopolymer particle formation and membrane fouling. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
6
|
Pan Z, Zeng B, Yu G, Lin H, Hu L, Teng J, Zhang H, Yang L. Molecular insights into impacts of EDTMPA on membrane fouling caused by transparent exopolymer particles (TEP). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158650. [PMID: 36089022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMPA) has been emerged as a stronger chelating agent than ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for fouling mitigation, and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) is a major foulant in membrane-based water treatment process, effects of EDTMPA on TEP fouling and the underlying mechanism have been not yet studied. In this study, Flory-Huggins lattice theory was combined with density functional theory (DFT) technology to explore this subject at molecular level. Filtration experiments showed a unimodal pattern of specific filtration resistance (SFR) of TEP sample with Ca2+ concentration in range of 0-3 mM. For the TEP sample with the peak SFR value at 1.5 mM Ca2+, continuous addition of EDTMPA (from 0 to 100 mg·L-1) resulted in a sustained decrease in SFR. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping characterization showed the continuing decline of calcium content in the TEP layer with increase of EDTMPA addition, indicating that EDTMPA successfully captured Ca2+ from alginate‑calcium ligation (TEP), and then disintegrated the TEP structure. DFT simulation showed that Ca2+ preferentially coordinated with the terminal carboxyl groups of alginate chains to form a coordination configuration that is conducive to stretch the three-dimensional polymer network. Such a network corresponded to an extremely high SFR according to Flory-Huggins theory. EDTMPA addition caused disintegration of the coordination configuration of Ca2+ binding to terminal carboxyl groups, which further resulted in collapse and flocculation of TEP gel network structure, thus leading to a continuous SFR decrease. This work provided deep thermodynamic insights into effects of EDTMPA on TEP-associated fouling at molecular level, facilitating to better understanding and mitigation of membrane fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Lijiang Hu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lining Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zou H, Chen S, Zhang M, Lin H, Teng J, Zhang H, Shen L, Hong H. Molecular-level insights into the mitigation of magnesium-natural organic matter induced ultrafiltration membrane fouling by high-dose calcium based on DFT calculation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136734. [PMID: 36209866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While magnesium cation (Mg2+) universally coexists with natural organic matter (NOM) in the water environment, influence of Mg2+ on NOM fouling in membrane filtration process is still unclear. This work was therefore performed to investigate effects of Mg2+ on NOM (sodium alginate (SA) as a model substance) fouling and role of Ca2+ in mitigating fouling from Mg2+ in the ultrafiltration (UF) water treatment process. Filtration tests showed two interesting fouling phenomena: (1) membrane fouling caused by combination of Mg2+ and SA maintained at a high value with the increased Mg2+ concentration; (2) the high fouling property of Mg2+ can be significantly improved by the prominent addition of calcium cation (Ca2+). It was found that changes of foulant morphology played essential roles through thermodynamic mechanisms represented by the Flory-Huggins lattice theory. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed that the combination of SA and Mg2+ tends to coordinate two terminal carboxyl groups in SA, beneficial to stretching alginate chains and forming a stable gel network at low doses. In addition, intramolecular coordination is difficult to occur between SA and Mg2+ due to the high hydration repulsion radius of Mg2+. Therefore, a dense and thick gel network remained even under high Mg2+concentration. Furthermore, due to the higher binding affinity of Ca2+ over Mg2+, high doses of Ca2+ trigger a transition of the stable SA-Mg2+ gel network to other configurations where flocculation and aggregation occur, thereby reducing the specific filtration resistance. The proposed thermodynamic mechanism satisfactorily explained the above interesting fouling behaviors, facilitating to development of new solutions to control membrane fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Shilei Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Yu M, Meng X, Fan W, Liang D, Liu H, Yang L, Shen L, Zhao Q, Meng S. An effective way in application of coagulants for more accurate fouling control via transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) determination. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
9
|
Zeng B, Pan Z, Xu Y, Long Y, Lin H, Zhang J, Shen L, Li R, Hong H, Zhang H. Molecular insights into membrane fouling caused by polysaccharides with different structures in polyaluminum chloride coagulation-ultrafiltration process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135849. [PMID: 35948096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mechanisms of membrane fouling caused by polysaccharides with different molecular structures in polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process were explored. Carrageenan and xanthan gum were chosen for model foulants of straight chain and branched chain polysaccharides, respectively. Filtration experiments showed that, with PACl dosage of 0-5 mM, specific filtration resistance (SFR) of carrageenan and xanthan solution showed a unimodal pattern and a continuous decrease pattern, respectively. A series of experimental characterizations indicated that the different SFR pattern was closely related to structure of foulants layer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggested that Al3+ preferentially coordinating with the terminal sulfonyl groups of carrageenan chains to promote gel layer formation at low PACl concentration (0.15 mM). There existed a chemical potential gap between bound water in gel layer and free water in the permeate, so that, filtration through gel layer corresponded to rather high SFR for overcoming this gap. In contrast, Al3+ coordinating with the non-terminal sulfonyl groups of carrageenan at high PACl concentration caused transition from gel layer to cake layer, leading to SFR decrease. However, xanthan gum itself can form a dense gel layer with a complex polymer network by virtue of the interlacing of main chains and branches. Al3+ coordinating with the carboxyl groups on branched chains of xanthan gum resulted in clusters of polymer chains and flocculation, corresponding to the reduced SFR. This proposed molecular-level mechanism well explained membrane fouling behaviors of polysaccharides with different molecular structure, and also facilitated to optimize C-UF process for water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Ying Long
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan Z, Zeng B, Yu G, Teng J, Zhang H, Shen L, Yang L, Lin H. Mechanistic insights into Ca-alginate gel-associated membrane fouling affected by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156912. [PMID: 35753486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) is a major foulant, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a strong chelating agent frequently used for fouling mitigation in membrane-based water treatment processes, little has been known about TEP-associated membrane fouling affected by EDTA. This work was performed to investigate roles of EDTA addition in TEP (Ca-alginate gel was used as a TEP model) associated fouling. It was interestingly found that, TEP had rather high specific filtration resistance (SFR) of 2.49 × 1015 m-1·kg-1, and SFR of TEP solution firstly decreased and then increased rapidly with EDTA concentration increase (0-1 mM). A series of characterizations suggested that EDTA took roles in SFR of TEP solution by means of changing TEP microstructure. The rather high SFR of TEP layer can be attributed to the big chemical potential gap during filtration described by the extended Flory-Huggins lattice theory. Initial EDTA addition disintegrated TEP structure by EDTA chelating calcium in TEP, inducing reduced SFR. Continuous EDTA addition decreased solution pH, resulting into no effective chelating and accumulation of EDTA on membrane surface, increasing SFR. It was suggested that factors increasing homogeneity of TEP gel will increase SFR, and vice versa. This study revealed the thermodynamic mechanism of TEP fouling behaviors affected by EDTA, and also demonstrated the importance of EDTA dosage and pH adjustment for TEP-associated fouling control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Lining Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zeng B, Pan Z, Shen L, Zhao D, Teng J, Hong H, Lin H. Effects of polysaccharides' molecular structure on membrane fouling and the related mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155579. [PMID: 35508249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fouling behaviors of polysaccharides vary with their structure, while the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unexplored. This work was carried out to explore the thermodynamic fouling mechanisms of polysaccharides with different structure. Carrageenan and xanthan gum were selected as the model polysaccharides with structure of straight and branch chains, respectively. Batch filtration experiments showed that xanthan gum solution corresponded to a more rapid flux decline trend, and specific filtration resistance (SFR) of xanthan gum (2.32 × 1015 m-1 kg-1) was over 10 times than that of carrageenan (2.21 × 1014 m-1 kg-1). It was found that, xanthan gum possessed a more disordered structure and a rather higher viscosity (15.03 mPa·s V.S. 1.98 mPa·s for carrageenan). Calculation of extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory showed higher adhesion energy of xanthan gum (-42.82 my m-2 V.S. -23.26 mJ m-2 for carrageenan). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that xanthan gum gel layer had a more homogenous structure and rigid polymer backbone, indicating better mixing with water to form a gel. As verified by heating experiments, such a structure tended to contain more bound water. According to this information, Flory-Huggins lattice theory was introduced to build a bridge between polymeric structure and SFR. It was revealed that branch structure corresponded to higher chemical potential change during gel layer formation, and higher ability to carry bound water, resulting in higher filtration resistance during filtration process. This work revealed the fundamental thermodynamic mechanism of membrane fouling caused by polysaccharides with different structure, deepening understanding of membrane fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Dieling Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pan Z, Zeng B, Lin H, Teng J, Zhang H, Hong H, Zhang M. Fundamental thermodynamic mechanisms of membrane fouling caused by transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153252. [PMID: 35066039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) has high fouling potential, its underlying fouling mechanisms have not yet been well revealed. In current work, fouling characteristics of TEP under different Ca2+ concentrations (0 to 1.5 mM) were investigated. TEP quantification and filtration tests showed that TEP contents increased with Ca2+ concentration, while TEP's specific filtration resistance (SFR) under the influence of Ca2+ concentration presented a unimodal pattern. The peak of TEP's SFR reached at Ca2+ concentration of 1 mM when SA concentration was 0.3 g·L-1. A series of characterizations suggested that microstructure transformation of TEP particles was the main contributor to the resistance variations of TEP solution. The optical microscope observation showed that above and below the critical Ca2+ concentration (1 mM when SA concentration is 0.3 g·L-1 in this study), the formed TEP existed in the form of c-TEP (average particle size is 0.24 μm) and p-TEP (average particle size is 1.05 μm), respectively. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adhesion ability of c-TEP (-249,989 and - 303,692 kT) was more than 19 times than that of p-TEP (-12,905 kT), which would accelerate foulant layer formation. In addition, below the critical value, the increased SFR with Ca2+ concentration could be explained by integrating Flory-Huggins lattice theory with the preferential intermolecular coordination. Above the critical value, the decreased SFR can be attributed to the formation of a "large-size crack structure" cake layer from the p-TEP. This study revealed fundamental mechanisms of membrane fouling caused by TEP, greatly deepening understanding of TEP fouling, and facilitating to development of effective fouling control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma C, Li Q, Liu J, Bao H, Wang L, Zhao B, Zhang Z. Forward osmosis treatment of algal-rich water: Characteristics and mechanism of membrane fouling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126984. [PMID: 34523478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is an inevitable problem in forward osmosis (FO) treatment of algal-rich water (ARW). Natural ARW has a complex composition. Therefore, the coexisting components (Ca2+, natural organic humic acid [HA], and inorganic particulate kaolinite) in the influence of ARW on FO membrane fouling were studied. The analysis of extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory and the confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the addition of coexisting components increased the attraction between pollutants and membranes, as well as among pollutants to varying degrees, and promoted the development of membrane fouling. Furthermore, Ca2+ and HA aggravated irreversible membrane fouling. All coexisting components changed the distribution and thickness of the fouling layer, and the addition of Ca2+ increased the content of extracellular organic matter (proteins and polysaccharides). The present results enhance the understanding of the mechanism through which natural ingredients affect microalgal membrane fouling and provide a basis for membrane fouling control to treat ARW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Haiyuanhui Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hangtong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng S, Wang R, Meng X, Wang Y, Fan W, Liang D, Zhang M, Liao Y, Tang C. Reaction heterogeneity in the bridging effect of divalent cations on polysaccharide fouling. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
Meng X, Wang F, Meng S, Wang R, Mao Z, Li Y, Yu M, Wang X, Zhao Q, Yang L. Novel Surrogates for Membrane Fouling and the Application of Support Vector Machine in Analyzing Fouling Mechanism. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120990. [PMID: 34940491 PMCID: PMC8703382 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to recognize specific fouling mechanisms due to the complexity of practical feed water, thus the current studies usually employ foulant surrogates to carry out research, such as alginate and xanthan gum. However, the representativeness of these surrogates is questionable. In this work, the classical surrogates (i.e., alginate and xanthan gum) were systematically studied, and results showed that they behaved differently during filtration. For the mixture of alginate and xanthan gum, both filtration behaviors and adsorption tests performed by quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) indicated that alginate plays a leading role in fouling development. Furthermore, by examining the filtration behaviors of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from practical source water, it turns out that the gel layer formation is responsible for EPS fouling, and the properties of gel layer formed by EPS share more similarities with that formed from pectin instead of alginate. In addition, with the use of experimental data sets extracted from this study and our previous studies, a modeling method was established and tested by the support vector machine (SVM) to predict complex filtration behaviors. Results showed that the small differences of fouling mechanisms lying between alginate and pectin cannot be recognized by Hermia's models, and SVM can show a discrimination as high as 76.92%. As such, SVM may be a powerful tool to predict complex filtration behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.M.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Fukuan Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.M.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.M.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhongyuan Mao
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.M.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Yue Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.M.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Meifeng Yu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.M.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuye Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.M.); (R.W.); (Z.M.); (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China;
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Limitations in Current Studies of Organic Fouling and Future Prospects. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120922. [PMID: 34940423 PMCID: PMC8708778 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microfiltration and ultrafiltration for water/wastewater treatment have gained global attention due to their high separation efficiency, while membrane fouling still remains one of their bottlenecks. In such a situation, many researchers attempt to obtain a deep understanding of fouling mechanisms and to develop effective fouling controls. Therefore, this article intends to trigger discussions on the appropriate choice of foulant surrogates and the application of mathematic models to analyze fouling mechanisms in these filtration processes. It has been found that the commonly used foulant surrogate (sodium alginate) cannot ideally represent the organic foulants in practical feed water to explore the fouling mechanisms. More surrogate foulants or extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extracted from practical source water may be more suitable for use in the studies of membrane fouling problems. On the other hand, the support vector machine (SVM) which focuses on the general trends of filtration data may work as a more powerful simulation tool than traditional empirical models to predict complex filtration behaviors. Careful selection of foulant surrogate substances and the application of accurate mathematical modeling for fouling mechanisms would provide deep insights into the fouling problems.
Collapse
|
17
|
Shi J, Yang Y, Yi Q, Zhang J, Wang L. Transparent Exopolymer Particles in Drinking Water Treatment-A Brief Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312344. [PMID: 34886083 PMCID: PMC8656632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) have been described as a class of particulate acidic polysaccharides, which are commonly found in various surface waters. Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, they have recently been receiving increasing attention on their effects in water treatment. Currently, TEP are commonly known as clear, gel-like polysaccharides. This review first introduced the definition of TEP in water treatment and the relationship between TEP and algal organic matter (AOM). Further, in the review, the authors attempt to offer a holistic view and critical analysis concerning the research on TEPs in source water reservoirs, water plants and membrane treatment processes. It was clearly demonstrated in this review that the formation of TEP in source water reservoirs is largely related to water quality and phytoplankton, and the seasonal water stratification may indirectly affect the formation of TEP. In the waterworks, the relationship between TEP and water treatment process is mutual and there is limited research on this relationship. Finally, the mechanism of TEP-induced membrane fouling and the effect of alleviating TEP-induced membrane fouling is discussed in this review. The TEP removed by ultrafiltration can be recombined after membrane, and the recombination mechanism may be an important way to reduce reverse osmosis membrane contamination.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cai W, Chen Q, Zhang J, Li Y, Xie W, Wang J. Effects of High Salinity on Alginate Fouling during Ultrafiltration of High-Salinity Organic Synthetic Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080590. [PMID: 34436353 PMCID: PMC8402206 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration is widely employed in treating high-salinity organic wastewater for the purpose of retaining particulates, microbes and macromolecules etc. In general, high-salinity wastewater contains diverse types of saline ions at fairly high concentration, which may significantly change foulant properties and subsequent fouling propensity during ultrafiltration. This study filled a knowledge gap by investigating polysaccharide fouling formation affected by various high saline environments, where 2 mol/L Na+ and 0.5–1.0 mol/L Ca2+/Al3+ were employed and the synergistic influences of Na+-Ca2+ and Na+-Al3+ were further unveiled. The results demonstrated that the synergistic influence of Na+-Ca2+ strikingly enlarged the alginate size due to the bridging effects of Ca2+ via binding with carboxyl groups in alginate chains. As compared with pure alginate, the involvement of Na+ aggravated alginate fouling formation, while the subsequent addition of Ca2+ or Al3+ on the basis of Na+ mitigated fouling development. The coexistence of Na+-Ca2+ led to alginate fouling formed mostly in a loose and reversible pattern, accompanied by significant cracks appearing on the cake layer. In contrast, the fouling layer formed by alginate-Na+-Al3+ seemed to be much denser, leading to severer irreversible fouling formation. Notably, the membrane rejection under various high salinity conditions was seriously weakened. Consequently, the current study offered in-depth insights into the development of polysaccharide-associated fouling during ultrafiltration of high-salinity organic wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenwen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Organic fouling control in reverse osmosis (RO) by effective membrane cleaning using saturated CO2 solution. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
20
|
Meng X, Luosang D, Meng S, Wang R, Fan W, Liang D, Li X, Zhao Q, Yang L. The structural and functional properties of polysaccharide foulants in membrane fouling. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129364. [PMID: 33360944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide foulant is known to play a crucial role in membrane fouling, however the detailed influential mechanisms and the pertinence to specific structure of polysaccharides, as well as intermolecular interactions among them with and without divalent cation are still indistinct. In this study, seven polysaccharides including agarose, sodium alginate, carrageenan, pectin, starch, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum, with different chain and molecular structures, were used as model foulants to investigate the role of structural and functional features of polysaccharides in membrane fouling. Two Hermia's models (classical and mass-transfer models) as well as the resistance-in-series model were used to analyze the fouling mechanism. Results show that the spatial configuration of foulant molecule is significant in membrane fouling which actually controls the resistance of gel layer formed on membrane. Polysaccharides with different properties show distinct fouling mechanisms which are in accordance with the four models described by Hermia respectively. Cations may change the interaction of polysaccharide foulant which further leads to the structural change of the gel layer. It turns out that mass-transfer model is more suitable for interpreting of crossflow filtration data. So far, little has been known about the effects of molecule structure of polysaccharides on membrane fouling. In this paper, we provide a basic database for polysaccharide fouling which will work as a theoretical basis for finding more effective measures to prevent and control membrane fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Duoji Luosang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Dawei Liang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Long Y, Yu G, Dong L, Xu Y, Lin H, Deng Y, You X, Yang L, Liao BQ. Synergistic fouling behaviors and mechanisms of calcium ions and polyaluminum chloride associated with alginate solution in coagulation-ultrafiltration (UF) process. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116665. [PMID: 33254070 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of calcium ions and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) on membrane fouling in coagulation-ultrafiltration (UF) process were investigated in this study. Filtration tests demonstrated three interesting filtration behaviors: 1) high specific filtration resistance (SFR) of alginate solution with low CaCl2 or PACl addition (e. g. 3.51×1015 m·kg -1 under the condition of 1.5 mM CaCl2 addition); 2) unimodal pattern of alginate SFR with PACl or CaCl2 addition alone; 3) synergistic effects between CaCl2 and PACl on alginate SFR. It was found that, the foulant morphological changes driven by the thermodynamic mechanisms based on Flory-Huggins lattice theory take the critical roles in these filtration behaviors. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that initial coordination of Ca2+ and Al3+ ions with alginates tended to form tetrahedron geometry and geometry of coordinating three terminal carboxyl groups, respectively, which facilitated to elongate the alginate chains (without clustering the flocs) and form more stable gel, increasing SFR. Improving Ca2+ and Al3+ dosages triggered transition to other geometries for clustering polymeric network and flocculation, reducing SFR. Due to the higher binding affinity of Ca2+ over Al3+, Ca2+ and Al3+ sequentially take roles of enlarging polymeric network and clustering the coordination compounds, and then facilitate to form large size flocs and reduce SFR, causing the synergistic effects between CaCl2 and PACl additions. The proposed thermodynamic mechanisms satisfactorily explained these interesting fouling behaviors, allowing to further optimize coagulation-UF process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lu Dong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Ying Deng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xiujia You
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lining Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Biao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blazyte A, Alayande AB, Nguyen TT, Adha RS, Jang J, Aung MM, Kim IS. Effect of size fractioned alginate-based transparent exopolymer particles on initial bacterial adhesion of forward osmosis membrane support layer. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
23
|
Cao D, Jin J, Wang Q, Song X, Hao X, Iritani E, Katagiri N. Ultrafiltration recovery of alginate: Membrane fouling mitigation by multivalent metal ions and properties of recycled materials. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Alpatova A, Qamar A, Al-Ghamdi M, Lee J, Ghaffour N. Effective membrane backwash with carbon dioxide under severe fouling and operation conditions. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
25
|
Characteristics of an immobilized microalgae membrane bioreactor (iMBR): Nutrient removal, microalgae growth, and membrane fouling under continuous operation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
26
|
Qu F, Yang Z, Gao S, Yu H, He J, Rong H, Tian J. Impacts of Natural Organic Matter Adhesion on Irreversible Membrane Fouling during Surface Water Treatment Using Ultrafiltration. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10090238. [PMID: 32957473 PMCID: PMC7557390 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand impacts of organic adhesion on membrane fouling, ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling by dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) was investigated in the presence of background cations (Na+ and Ca2+) at typical concentrations in surface water. Moreover, NOM adhesion on the UF membrane was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) with colloidal probes and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The results indicated that the adhesion forces at the NOM-membrane interface increased in the presence of background cations, particularly Ca2+, and that the amount of adhered NOM increased due to reduced electrostatic repulsion. However, the membrane permeability was almost not affected by background cations in the pore blocking-dominated phase but was aggravated to some extent in the cake filtration-governed phase. More importantly, the irreversible NOM fouling was not correlated with the amount of adhered NOM. The assumption for membrane autopsies is doubtful that retained or adsorbed organic materials are necessarily a primary cause of membrane fouling, particularly the irreversible fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangshu Qu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.Q.); (Z.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (H.R.)
| | - Zhimeng Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.Q.); (Z.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (H.R.)
| | - Shanshan Gao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
| | - Huarong Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.Q.); (Z.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (H.R.)
| | - Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.Q.); (Z.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (H.R.)
| | - Hongwei Rong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.Q.); (Z.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (H.R.)
| | - Jiayu Tian
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1392-8755-563
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Biological Self-Healing of Cement Paste and Mortar by Non-Ureolytic Bacteria Encapsulated in Alginate Hydrogel Capsules. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173711. [PMID: 32842561 PMCID: PMC7504608 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crack formation in concrete is one of the main reasons for concrete degradation. Calcium alginate capsules containing biological self-healing agents for cementitious materials were studied for the self-healing of cement paste and mortars through in vitro characterizations such as healing agent survivability and retention, material stability, and biomineralization, followed by in situ self-healing observation in pre-cracked cement paste and mortar specimens. Our results showed that bacterial spores fully survived the encapsulation process and would not leach out during cement mixing. Encapsulated bacteria precipitated CaCO3 when exposed to water, oxygen, and calcium under alkaline conditions by releasing CO32− ions into the cement environment. Capsule rupture is not required for the initiation of the healing process, but exposure to the right conditions are. After 56 days of wet–dry cycles, the capsules resulted in flexural strength regain as high as 39.6% for the cement mortar and 32.5% for the cement paste specimens. Full crack closure was observed at 28 days for cement mortars with the healing agents. The self-healing system acted as a biological CO32− pump that can keep the bio-agents retained, protected, and active for up to 56 days of wet-dry incubation. This promising self-healing strategy requires further research and optimization.
Collapse
|
28
|
Meng S, Meng X, Fan W, Liang D, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu Y. The role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in membrane fouling: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 181:115930. [PMID: 32470713 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) as gel-like particulate acidic polysaccharide have been commonly found in marine, surface water and wastewater. Currently, increasing interest has been devoted to TEP-associated membrane fouling in different membrane systems for water and wastewater treatment, thus this review attempts to provide a holistic view and critical analysis with regard to the definition, formation, detection and properties of TEP, which could ultimately determine its fouling potential. It appears that there is not a common consensus on the actual role of TEP in membrane fouling development due to the subjective definition and highly debatable detection method of TEP. It was clearly demonstrated in this review that the formation of TEP was largely related to cations in water and wastewater which indeed determined the cross-linking degree of precursor materials (e.g. polysaccharides) via intermolecular interactions, and subsequently the quantity of TEP formed. The binding between cations ions (e.g. monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations) and polysaccharide not only depends on the functional groups of polysaccharide, but also its spatial configuration. These in turn suggest that the formation, property and ultimate fouling potential of TEP would be closely related to the type and concentration of cations, while well explaining the controversial reports on TEP-associated fouling in the literature. In addition, the fouling mechanisms of TEP are also elucidated with details in this review, including (i) the formation of TEP-associated gel layer on membrane surface; (ii) carrying microorganisms to membrane surface via protobiofilm and (iii) trapping of deformable TEP in membrane pores. Consequently, it is apparent that TEP is an ignored determinant of membrane fouling, which has not yet been seriously addressed in the design and operation of membrane systems for water and wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xianghao Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dawei Liang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
You X, Teng J, Chen Y, Long Y, Yu G, Shen L, Lin H. New insights into membrane fouling by alginate: Impacts of ionic strength in presence of calcium ions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125801. [PMID: 31918105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While water chemistry (e.g., ionic strength, calcium concentration and organic foulants) is the primary property of surface water, its effects on membrane fouling in process of membrane-based water production and seawater pretreatment have not well investigated. In this study, fouling behaviors of alginate solutions in presence of different calcium ion concentration and ionic strength levels were investigated. It was found that alginate solutions complexing with 1.5 mM calcium possessed a remarkably high specific filtration resistance (SFR) (above 3.596 × 1015 m kg-1), and the SFR descended with calcium concentration and increased with ionic strength. A series of characterizations suggested that zeta potential, particle size, viscosity and morphology of alginate solutions were close related with foulant layer microstructure and these fouling behaviors. Based on these characterizations, the thermodynamics described by Flory-Huggins lattice theory was proposed to explain the remarkably high SFR of alginate gel for 1.5 mM calcium level. Meanwhile, preferential intermolecular coordination combined with Flory-Huggins lattice theory was suggested to be responsible for the descend trend of SFR with calcium concentration. Furthermore, electrostatic double layer compression effect together with Flory-Huggins lattice theory could well interpret the increase trend of SFR with ionic strength. This study provided the essential mechanisms underlying effects of ionic strength on alginate fouling in presence of calcium ions, and thus deepened understanding of membrane fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujia You
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Ying Long
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Z, Chen M, Li J, Zhao B, Wang L. Significance of transparent exopolymer particles derived from aquatic algae in membrane fouling. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
|
31
|
Chen Y, Teng J, Liao BQ, Li R, Lin H. Molecular insights into the impacts of iron(III) ions on membrane fouling by alginate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125232. [PMID: 31683160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms responsible for the filtration behaviors of sodium alginate (SA) in presence of different iron(III) ion concentration were explored in this study. It was found that specific filtration resistance (SFR) of alginate mixtures (1.0 gSA/L) firstly increased and then decreased to a trough with iron(III) concentration increase from 0 to 2.5 mM. Alginate mixture interacting with 0.1 mM iron(III) possessed an SFR as high as 1.65 × 1014 m kg-1, which could be explained by Flory-Huggins lattice theory related with gel filtration. Optical observation showed significant morphology transition (from gel to granular solids) of foulant layers with iron(III) concentration increase. A series of characterizations indicated the change of microstructure, pH and surface charge of alginate mixture with iron(III) concentration. Density functional theory (DFT) simulation suggested that iron(III) ion preferentially forms coordination bonds with three terminal carboxyl groups of alginate chains, facilitating elongation and cross-linking of alginate chains. Such a coordination mode induces formation of a slime and homogeneous gel, corresponding to high SFR. Continuous increase in iron(III) concentration leads to non-terminal coordination, which makes alginate chains more clustered and coiled. This effect, together with effects of the reduced surface charge and electric double layer compression, significantly decrease SFR of alginate mixtures. This study provided deep molecular insights into effects of iron(III) ions on alginate fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Filtration Performances of Different Polysaccharides in Microfiltration Process. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7120897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane technology has been widely applied for water treatment, while membrane fouling still remains a big challenge. The polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been known as a significant type of foulant due to their high fouling propensity. However, polysaccharides have many varieties which definitely behave differently in membrane filtration. Therefore, in this study, different polysaccharides alginate sodium and xanthan gum were chosen to study their effects on membrane fouling in a wide concentration range. The results demonstrated that the filtration behaviors of alginate sodium and xanthan gum were completely different, which was due to their different molecular structures. Alginate had a small molecular weight and it was easy for alginate to penetrate membrane pores resulting in pore blocking. A series of concentrations of alginate including 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 40 mg/L, and 50 mg/L were examined and it was found that the permeate flux decline highly depended on the level of alginate in the feed water. While for the filtration of xanthan gum, the same concentration of xanthan gum led to more serious fouling than that observed in alginate, which might be due to its large molecule. In addition, calcium chloride was added in the solutions of both alginate and xanthan gum to examine the influence of a divalent cation on polysaccharide fouling. A “unimodal” peak can be observed in the fouling propensity caused by Ca2+ and alginate with increasing the concentration of alginate. Such a phenomenon was not found in the fouling of xanthan gum and Ca2+ led to more serious fouling for all concentrations of xanthan gum. In light of this, this study gave new insights into the fouling propensities of different polysaccharides.
Collapse
|
33
|
Insights into the Fouling Propensities of Natural Derived Alginate Blocks during the Microfiltration Process. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane technology has been one of the most promising techniques to solve the water problem in future. Unfortunately, it suffers from the fouling problem which is ubiquitous in membrane systems. The origin of the bewilderments of the fouling problem lies in the lack of deep understanding. Recent studies have pointed out that the molecular structure of foulant affects its fouling propensity which has been ignored in the past. In this study, the filtration behaviors of alginate blocks derived from the same source were comprehensively explored. Alginate blocks share the same chemical composition but differ from each other in molecular structure. The alginate was first extracted from natural seaweed using calcium precipitation and ion-exchange methods. Extracted alginate was further fractionized into MG-, MM- and GG-blocks and the characteristics of the three blocks were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observations, and transparent exopolymer particles’ (TEPs) measurements. Results showed that MG-, MM- and GG-blocks had the same functional groups, but they showed different intermolecular interactions. TEP formation from MG-, MM- and GG-blocks revealed that the molecule crosslinking of them decreased in the order of MM-blocks > GG-blocks > MG-blocks. It was further found from microfiltration tests that these alginate blocks had completely different fouling propensities which can be explained by the TEP formation. TEPs would accumulate on membrane surfaces and worked as a pre-filter to avoid serious pore blocking of membrane. That all suggested that the membrane fouling was closely related to the molecular structure of foulant. It is expected that this study can provide useful insights into the fouling propensities of different types of polysaccharides during filtration processes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Differences in the colloid properties of sodium alginate and polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances with regard to membrane fouling. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 535:318-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
35
|
Aged PVDF and PSF ultrafiltration membranes restored by functional polydopamine for adjustable pore sizes and fouling control. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
36
|
Meng S, Fan W, Li X, Liu Y, Liang D, Liu X. Intermolecular interactions of polysaccharides in membrane fouling during microfiltration. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:38-46. [PMID: 29940360 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technology has been widely employed for seawater desalination, water and wastewater reclamation, while membrane fouling still remains as a major challenge. The polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been recognized as an important foulant that causes serious membrane fouling, while the detailed structure of polysaccharides and the intermolecular interactions between them have not been adequately disclosed. In this study, two different polysaccharides and their mixtures were used to study the intermolecular cross-linking of polysaccharides as well as its effects on membrane fouling. Results demonstrated that the fouling propensities of distinct polysaccharides were completely different, which was attributed to the different intermolecular interactions lying in polysaccharides. The cross-linking among molecules of polysaccharide, regardless of the homogeneity, was found to form complex networks and determine the effective dimension of polysaccharides. Depending on the effective dimension of foulants, pore blocking and cake layer occurred subsequently during filtration processes. In light of this, it potentially gives new insights into the fouling behaviours by combining the structure-function knowledge of polysaccharides with their fouling propensity. In addition, transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) measurement was found to provide an intuitionistic evaluation of the complex networks formed from polysaccharides, so that may act as a good indicator of fouling during membrane filtration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dawei Liang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Role of ionic strength on protein fouling during ultrafiltration by synchronized UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
38
|
Gao F, Liu X, Chen W, Guo W, Chen L, Li D. Hydroxyl radical pretreatment for low-viscosity sodium alginate production from brown seaweed. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
39
|
Ca 2+ -aided separation of polysaccharides and proteins by microfiltration: Implications for sludge processing. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
40
|
Maldonado L, Kokini J. An optimal window for the fabrication of Edible Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanotubes (EPCNs) from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
41
|
Zhang M, Hong H, Lin H, Shen L, Yu H, Ma G, Chen J, Liao BQ. Mechanistic insights into alginate fouling caused by calcium ions based on terahertz time-domain spectra analyses and DFT calculations. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:337-346. [PMID: 29169107 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fouling mechanisms underlying the filtration behaviors of alginate solution caused by calcium addition were investigated by Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and density functional theory (DFT) techniques. Filtration tests showed that specific filtration resistance (SFR) of alginate solution (0.75 g L-1) monotonously increased with calcium addition at a relatively low range of calcium concentration (0-1.0 mM), and SFR (2.61 × 1015 m kg-1) of alginate solution with 1.0 mM calcium addition was extremely high as compared with sludge suspension. Characterizations by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the composition of functional groups, elements and thermal stability of alginate was not apparently affected by calcium concentration. Howbeit, THz-TDS spectra showed that calcium addition caused structural variation of alginate polymer in solution. DTF calculation results showed that initial binding of alginate chains induced by calcium ions preferentially occurred in intermolecular other than intramolecular, and moreover, the two alginate chains bridged by a calcium atom tend to stretch in a tetrahedron structure (cross to each other) other than parallel to each other. According to these results, "chemical potential gap" depicted by Flory-Huggins theory was suggested to be responsible for the filtration behaviors of alginate solution caused by calcium addition. This study provided the mechanistic insights into membrane fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Guangcai Ma
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ermund A, Recktenwald CV, Skjåk-Braek G, Meiss LN, Onsøyen E, Rye PD, Dessen A, Myrset AH, Hansson GC. OligoG CF-5/20 normalizes cystic fibrosis mucus by chelating calcium. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 44:639-647. [PMID: 28261854 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether the guluronate (G) rich alginate OligoG CF-5/20 (OligoG) could detach cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus by calcium chelation, which is also required for normal mucin unfolding. Since bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF, leading to insufficient mucin unfolding and thereby attached mucus, and since bicarbonate has the ability to bind calcium, we hypothesized that the calcium chelating property of OligoG would lead to detachment of CF mucus. Indeed, OligoG could compete with the N-terminus of the MUC2 mucin for calcium binding as shown by microscale thermophoresis. Further, effects on mucus thickness and attachment induced by OligoG and other alginate fractions of different length and composition were evaluated in explants of CF mouse ileum mounted in horizontal Ussing-type chambers. OligoG at 1.5% caused effective detachment of CF mucus and the most potent alginate fraction tested, the poly-G fraction of about 12 residues, had similar potency compared to OligoG whereas mannuronate-rich (M) polymers had minimal effect. In conclusion, OligoG binds calcium with appropriate affinity without any overt harmful effect on the tissue and can be exploited for treating mucus stagnation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ermund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gudmund Skjåk-Braek
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lauren N Meiss
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Leng F, Wei Z, Tan CM, Yazami R. Hierarchical degradation processes in lithium-ion batteries during ageing. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
44
|
Ma B, Wang X, Liu R, Qi Z, Jefferson WA, Lan H, Liu H, Qu J. Enhanced antimony(V) removal using synergistic effects of Fe hydrolytic flocs and ultrafiltration membrane with sludge discharge evaluation. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 121:171-177. [PMID: 28527978 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The integration of adsorbents with ultrafiltration (UF) membranes is a promising method for alleviating membrane fouling and reducing land use. However, a number of problems have become apparent concerning the granular adsorbents used currently, such as high running cost, high chance of causing membrane surface damage, low in situ chemical cleaning efficiency, etc. Herein, to overcome these disadvantages, loose in situ hydrolyzed flocs were directly injected into the membrane tank, providing strong adsorption ability at low cost. To test the feasibility of this method, the heavy metal pollutant antimony (Sb (V)) in a water plant was chosen at a test case, which is similar to arsenic and difficult to remove. We found that Fe-based flocs integrated with an UF membrane showed a large potential advantage in removing Sb(V), even after running for 110 days. We demonstrated that the observed slow transmembrane pressure development could be ascribed to the loose floc cake layer formed, even though some extracellular polymeric substances were induced during operation. We also found that the floc cake layer was easily removed by washing with feed water or dissolved by in situ chemical cleaning under strongly acidic conditions, and many primary membrane pores were clearly observed. In addition, a relative long sludge discharge interval was feasible for this technology and the effluent quality was good, including the turbidity, chromaticity and iron concentration. Based on the excellent performance, these flocs integrated with UF membranes indeed show potential for application in water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Zenglu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - William A Jefferson
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huachun Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Membrane recovery of alginate in an aqueous solution by the addition of calcium ions: Analyses of resistance reduction and fouling mechanism. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Li J, Si Y, Zhao C, He J, Sun G, Huang Y. Spontaneous and efficient adsorption of lysozyme from aqueous solutions by naturally polyanion gel beads. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
47
|
Shao S, Cai L, Li K, Li J, Du X, Li G, Liang H. Deposition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane surface: influencing factors and mechanisms. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
48
|
Meng S, Liu Y. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)-associated membrane fouling at different Na + concentrations. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:52-58. [PMID: 28042999 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration has been widely applied for water treatment, wastewater reclamation and seawater desalination. Although extensive research work has been conducted to better understand the fouling mechanism under various conditions, little has been known about the transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)-associated membrane fouling at different Na+ concentrations. In this study, the influence of Na+ concentration on the TEP formation as well as the filtration behaviors of alginate blocks was investigated. Results showed that increasing Na+ concentration substantially reduced the TEP formation from all types of alginate blocks, thus preventing the cake layer development on the membrane surface. As a result, the TEP-associated membrane fouling was found to be kinetically slower and much less at higher Na+ level. Furthermore, filtration tests of alginate blocks at freshwater and seawater conditions were also conducted, showing that TEP-associated fouling in freshwater is much server than that in seawater at the defined conditions. This study reveals that the TEP formation is significantly influenced by the chemistry condition of bulk solution and membrane fouling is profoundly affected by the TEP levels in feed water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Meng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kashima K, Imai M. Selective diffusion of glucose, maltose, and raffinose through calcium alginate membranes characterized by a mass fraction of guluronate. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
50
|
|