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Cheng J, Wang X, Luo C, Mao X, Qin J, Chi Y, He B, Hao Y, Niu X, Huang B, Liu L. Effects of intracellular Ca 2+ on developmental potential and ultrastructure of cryopreserved-warmed oocyte in mouse. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104834. [PMID: 38065230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining appropriate intracellular calcium of oocytes is necessary to prevent ultrastructure and organelle damage caused by freezing and cryoprotectants. The present study aimed to investigate whether cryoprotectant-induced changes in the calcium concentrations of oocytes can be regulated to reduce damage to developmental potential and ultrastructure. A total of 33 mice and 1381 oocytes were used to explore the effects of intracellular calcium on the development and ultrastructures of oocytes subjected to 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) inhibition or thapsigargin (TG) stimulation. Results suggested that high levels intracellular calcium interfered with TG compromised oocyte survival (84.4 % vs. 93.4 %, p < 0.01) and blastocyst formation in fresh and cryopreservation oocytes (78.1 % vs. 86.4 %, and 60.5 % vs. 72.5 %, p < 0.05) compared with that of 2-APB pretreated oocytes in which Ca2+ was stabilized even though no differences in fertilization and cleavage was detected (p > 0.05). Examination by transmission electron microscopy indicated that the microvilli decreased and shortened, cortical granules considerably decreased in the cortex area, mitochondrial vesicles and vacuoles increased, and the proportion of vacuole mitochondria increased after oocytes were exposed to cryoprotectants. The cryopreservation-warming process deteriorated the negative effects on organelles of survival oocytes. By contrast, a low level of intracellular calcium mediated with 2-APB was supposed to contribute to the protection of organelles. These findings suggested oocyte injuries induced by cryoprotectants and low temperatures can be alleviated. More studies are necessary to confirm the relationship among Ca2+ concentration of the cytoplasm, ultrastructural injuries, and disrupted developmental potential in oocytes subjected to cryopreservation and warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Cheng
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Chan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xianbao Mao
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yan Chi
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bing He
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yanrong Hao
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiangli Niu
- Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Ben Huang
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Liling Liu
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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张 帅, 武 健, 许 家, 党 君, 赵 毅, 侯 文, 徐 桂. [Effects of transcranial magneto-acoustic electrical stimulation on calcium signals in prefrontal nerve clusters]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2022; 39:19-27. [PMID: 35231962 PMCID: PMC9927753 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magneto-acoustic electrical stimulation (TMAES) is a novel method of brain nerve regulation and research, which uses induction current generated by the coupling of ultrasound and magnetic field to regulate neural electrical activity in different brain regions. As the second special envoy of nerve signal, calcium plays a key role in nerve signal transmission. In order to investigate the effect of TMAES on prefrontal cortex electrical activity, 15 mice were divided into control group, ultrasound stimulation (TUS) group and TMAES group. The TMAES group received 2.6 W/cm 2 and 0.3 T of magnetic induction intensity, the TUS group received only ultrasound stimulation, and the control group received no ultrasound and magnetic field for one week. The calcium ion concentration in the prefrontal cortex of mice was recorded in real time by optical fiber photometric detection technology. The new object recognition experiment was conducted to compare the behavioral differences and the time-frequency distribution of calcium signal in each group. The results showed that the mean value of calcium transient signal in the TMAES group was (4.84 ± 0.11)% within 10 s after the stimulation, which was higher than that in the TUS group (4.40 ± 0.10)% and the control group (4.22 ± 0.08)%, and the waveform of calcium transient signal was slower, suggesting that calcium metabolism was faster. The main energy band of the TMAES group was 0-20 Hz, that of the TUS group was 0-12 Hz and that of the control group was 0-8 Hz. The cognitive index was 0.71 in the TMAES group, 0.63 in the TUS group, and 0.58 in the control group, indicating that both ultrasonic and magneto-acoustic stimulation could improve the cognitive ability of mice, but the effect of the TMAES group was better than that of the TUS group. These results suggest that TMAES can change the calcium homeostasis of prefrontal cortex nerve clusters, regulate the discharge activity of prefrontal nerve clusters, and promote cognitive function. The results of this study provide data support and reference for further exploration of the deep neural mechanism of TMAES.
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Affiliation(s)
- 帅 张
- 河北工业大学 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- 河北工业大学 天津市生物电工与智能健康重点实验室(天津 300130)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectricity and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - 健康 武
- 河北工业大学 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- 河北工业大学 天津市生物电工与智能健康重点实验室(天津 300130)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectricity and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - 家悦 许
- 河北工业大学 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- 河北工业大学 天津市生物电工与智能健康重点实验室(天津 300130)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectricity and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - 君武 党
- 河北工业大学 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- 河北工业大学 天津市生物电工与智能健康重点实验室(天津 300130)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectricity and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - 毅航 赵
- 河北工业大学 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- 河北工业大学 天津市生物电工与智能健康重点实验室(天津 300130)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectricity and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - 文涛 侯
- 河北工业大学 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- 河北工业大学 天津市生物电工与智能健康重点实验室(天津 300130)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectricity and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - 桂芝 徐
- 河北工业大学 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- 河北工业大学 天津市生物电工与智能健康重点实验室(天津 300130)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectricity and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
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Kato A, Naitoh M, Inagaki K, Yamamoto G, Ariji E, Mitani A, Honda M. Multiple assessment of molars with hypercementosis lost due to periodontitis using X-ray micro-computed tomography, electron microprobe analysis, and histological sections. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:259-262. [PMID: 35150874 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article aimed to achieve a better understanding of cementum hyperplasia in the maxillary second molars lost due to periodontitis. Six maxillary second molars with hypercementosis were measured for the mineral concentration using micro-computed tomography and calcium element distributions using electron microprobe analysis. Calcium was distributed throughout the cementum, although the mineral concentration differed based on the cementum depth. The hyperplastic cementum was of the extrinsic fiber-rich cellular mixed stratified type. These results have implications for future studies aiming to diagnose hypercementosis. Further studies are needed to investigate the composition of the cementum matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kato
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Munetaka Naitoh
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Koji Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan; Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi Gakuin University Junior College, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Genta Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ariji
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
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Soo TCC, See SA, Bhassu S. Potential muscle activity disturbance in Penaeus monodon during Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) infection: Inference through gene expression, calcium concentration, and MicroRNA. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 177:107497. [PMID: 33130047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Global shrimp aquaculture farmers have suffered major economic losses due to disease outbreaks. A notable shrimp disease is Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), which is caused by a new strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria (VpAHPND) that mainly inhabits the shrimp gut and damages the hepatopancreas. Fewer studies have investigated whether this disease will affect shrimp muscle functioning or cause any muscle damage. We challenged Penaeus monodon shrimp with VpAHPND bacteria using an immersion method. Expression of Dystrophin gene, an important regulatory gene for maintenance of muscle integrity, was quantified from muscle samples using qRT-PCR. Additional verification was conducted by determining calcium concentration and bta-miR-4286 and dre-miR-107b miRNAs expression. P. monodon dystrophin gene demonstrated the highest expression level during AHPND infection when muscle calcium concentration was detected at its lowest level at 6 h post-infection (hpi). The highest muscle calcium concentration, determined at 36 hpi, was supported by higher bta-miR-4286 miRNA expression and lower dre-miR-107b miRNA expression in VpAHPND-infected samples compared to uninfected samples at the same time point. We deduced an interactive relationship between dystrophin gene expression, calcium concentration, and miRNA expression in P. monodon muscle tissues triggered by the invading VpAHPND bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Chiew Christie Soo
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory (AGAGEL), Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - SiouNing Aileen See
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory (AGAGEL), Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory (AGAGEL), Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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You X, Teng J, Chen Y, Long Y, Yu G, Shen L, Lin H. New insights into membrane fouling by alginate: Impacts of ionic strength in presence of calcium ions. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125801. [PMID: 31918105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While water chemistry (e.g., ionic strength, calcium concentration and organic foulants) is the primary property of surface water, its effects on membrane fouling in process of membrane-based water production and seawater pretreatment have not well investigated. In this study, fouling behaviors of alginate solutions in presence of different calcium ion concentration and ionic strength levels were investigated. It was found that alginate solutions complexing with 1.5 mM calcium possessed a remarkably high specific filtration resistance (SFR) (above 3.596 × 1015 m kg-1), and the SFR descended with calcium concentration and increased with ionic strength. A series of characterizations suggested that zeta potential, particle size, viscosity and morphology of alginate solutions were close related with foulant layer microstructure and these fouling behaviors. Based on these characterizations, the thermodynamics described by Flory-Huggins lattice theory was proposed to explain the remarkably high SFR of alginate gel for 1.5 mM calcium level. Meanwhile, preferential intermolecular coordination combined with Flory-Huggins lattice theory was suggested to be responsible for the descend trend of SFR with calcium concentration. Furthermore, electrostatic double layer compression effect together with Flory-Huggins lattice theory could well interpret the increase trend of SFR with ionic strength. This study provided the essential mechanisms underlying effects of ionic strength on alginate fouling in presence of calcium ions, and thus deepened understanding of membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujia You
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Ying Long
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Genying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Sun YE, Xu HY, Hao J, Huo WW, Qian Y, Hou BL. The Ubiquitination of Spinal MrgC Alleviates Bone Cancer Pain and Reduces Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Spinal Neurons in Mice. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2527-35. [PMID: 31515677 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor subtype C (MrgC) has been shown to play an important role in the development of bone cancer pain. Ubiquitination is reported to participate in pain. However, whether MrgC ubiquitination plays a role in bone cancer pain remains unclear. To answer this question, we designed and performed this study. Osteosarcoma cells were implanted into the intramedullary space of the right femurs of C3H/HeJ mice to induce progressive bone cancer pain. MrgC agonist bovine adrenal medulla 8-22 (BAM 8-22) or MrgC antagonist anti-MrgC antibody were injected intrathecally on day 14 after bone cancer pain was successfully induced. The pain behaviors, the MrgC ubiquitination levels and intracellular calcium concentration in spinal neurons were measured before and after injection, respectively. With comparison to normal and sham group, mice in tumor group exhibited serious bone cancer pain on day 14, and the level of MrgC ubiquitination and intracellular calcium concentration in spinal neurons was significantly higher. Intrathecal injection of BAM 8-22 significantly alleviated bone cancer pain, increased the MrgC ubiquitination level and decreased intracellular calcium concentration in spinal neurons; however, these effects were reversed by administration of anti-MrgC antibody. Our study reveals that MrgC ubiquitination participates in the production and maintenance of bone cancer pain in mice, possibly through the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration in mice spinal neurons.
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Yang Y, Cong H, Du N, Han X, Song L, Zhang W, Li C, Tien P. Mitochondria Redistribution in Enterovirus A71 Infected Cells and Its Effect on Virus Replication. Virol Sin 2019; 34:397-411. [PMID: 31069716 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the main causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and it also causes severe neurologic complications in infected children. The interactions between some viruses and the host mitochondria are crucial for virus replication and pathogenicity. In this study, it was observed that EV-A71 infection resulted in a perinuclear redistribution of the mitochondria. The mitochondria rearrangement was found to require the microtubule network, the dynein complex and a low cytosolic calcium concentration. Subsequently, the EV-A71 non-structural protein 2BC was identified as the viral protein capable of inducing mitochondria clustering. The protein was found localized on mitochondria and interacted with the mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (RHOT1) that is a key protein required for attachment between the mitochondria and the motor proteins, which are responsible for the control of mitochondria movement. Additionally, suppressing mitochondria clustering by treating cells with nocodazole, EHNA, thapsigargin or A23187 consistently inhibited EV-A71 replication, indicating that mitochondria recruitment played a crucial role in the EV-A71 life cycle. This study identified a novel function of the EV-A71 2BC protein and provided a potential model for the regulation of mitochondrial motility in EV-A71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haolong Cong
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ning Du
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lei Song
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunrui Li
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Po Tien
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Fujisaki H, Futaki S, Yamada M, Sekiguchi K, Hayashi T, Ikejima T, Hattori S. Respective optimal calcium concentrations for proliferation on type I collagen fibrils in two keratinocyte line cells, HaCaT and FEPE1L-8. Regen Ther 2018; 8:73-79. [PMID: 30271869 PMCID: PMC6146901 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte line cells HaCaT and FEPE1L-8 are used for skin model with type I collagen fibrils (gels). For this purpose, not only differentiation but also regulation of proliferation on type I collagen gels by exogenous calcium concentration is important. When exogenous calcium concentration is low, primary keratinocyte proliferation is repressed and eventually cells are induced to apoptosis on type I collagen gels. The apoptosis induced on type I collagen gels is suppressed by increasing calcium concentration in the medium. That is, higher exogenous calcium concentration is necessary for primary keratinocyte survival on type I collagen gels than for that on dish surface culture. Meanwhile much higher exogenous calcium causes cell differentiation and inhibition of proliferation. The optimal calcium concentrations for proliferation on type I collagen gels have not been clarified in keratinocyte line cells. HaCaT cells have a unique calcium sensitivity in comparison with primary keratinocytes, whereas FEPE1L-8 cells have a similar sensitivity to primary keratinocytes. In this study, we compared the effect of calcium concentrations on proliferation of HaCaT and FEPE1L-8 cells on type I collagen gels. On type I collagen gels, both line cells required higher calcium concentrations for proliferation than on dish surface. HaCaT cells proliferated better in a wider range of calcium concentrations than FEPE1L-8 cells.
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Key Words
- Calcium concentration
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DMEM (0), DMEM supplemented without fetal bovine serum
- DMEM (10), DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- IP3, inositol trisphosphate
- K110, K110 type II medium
- Keratinocyte proliferation
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
- PI, propidium iodide
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-OH-kinase
- PIP2, hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate
- PKC, protein kinase C
- Type I collagen gel
- WST-8, (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sugiko Futaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamada
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
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Zhang L, Wang L, Wang R, Pan Y, Gao Y, Fu P. Protective effects of GTM-1 on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsgargin in rat neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:821-827. [PMID: 27723573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GTM-1 is a drug that reverses Alzheimer's Disease (AD) development specifically induced by thapsgargin (TG) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been reported to be a pilot process that leads to AD formation. It is speculated that GTM-1 could also prohibit TG-induced ER stress. In this study, we utilized immuno-fluorescence to identify morphological changes in nucleus and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe neuronal ultra-structures. Moreover, expressions of GRP78, CHOP, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c were assessed using immuno-blotting, while calcium concentration was detected by fluorescence spectrometer. As suggested by the above cellular experiments, neuronal ultrastructures were damaged by the treatment of TG, while this damaging trend was reversed when neurons were simultaneously treated with both TG and GTM-1. Besides that, certain marker proteins of ER stress (e.g. GRP78, CHOP, and cytochrome c) and calcium concentrations in neurons were significantly increased when TG was applied, while these levels were reduced to normal conditions when GTM-1 was added in the treatment. In conclusion, GTM-1 restrained the ongoing of ER stress that was induced by TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Run Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 85 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yonghua Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Liu C, Bian XP, Yang T, Lin AJ, Jiang SY. Matrix effects of calcium on high-precision sulfur isotope measurement by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 151:132-140. [PMID: 26946020 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) has been successfully applied in the rapid and high-precision measurement for sulfur isotope ratios in recent years. During the measurement, the presence of matrix elements would affect the instrumental mass bias for sulfur and these matrix-induced effects have aroused a lot of researchers' interest. However, these studies have placed more weight on highlighting the necessity for their proposed correction protocols (e.g., chemical purification and matrix-matching) while less attention on the key property of the matrix element gives rise to the matrix effects. In this study, four groups of sulfate solutions, which have different concentrations of sulfur (0.05-0.60mM) but a constant sequence of atomic calcium/sulfur ratios (0.1-50), are investigated under wet (solution) and dry (desolvation) plasma conditions to make a detailed evaluation on the matrix effects from calcium on sulfur isotope measurement. Based on a series of comparative analyses, we indicated that, the matrix effects of calcium on both measured sulfur isotope ratios and detected (32)S signal intensities are dependent mainly on the absolute calcium concentration rather than its relative concentration ratio to sulfur (i.e., atomic calcium/sulfur ratio). Also, for the same group of samples, the matrix effects of calcium under dry plasma condition are much more significant than that of wet plasma. This research affords the opportunity to realize direct and relatively precise sulfur isotope measurement for evaporite gypsum, and further provides some suggestions with regard to sulfur isotope analytical protocols for sedimentary pore water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Xiao-Peng Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Beijing SHRIMP Center, Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - An-Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Thermo Fisher Scientific China Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510030, PR China
| | - Shao-Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Faculty of Earth Resources and Collaborative Innovation Center for Scarce and Strategic Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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11
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Liu Y, Liu G, Zhang H, Wang J. MiRNA-199a-5p influences pulmonary artery hypertension via downregulating Smad3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:859-866. [PMID: 27038547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Recently, it has been reported that miR-199a-5p participates in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the roles of miR-199a-5p in PAH are still unclear. In the present study, miR-199a-5p was investigated in PAH rat models and in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) and endothelial cells (HPAECs). The expression of miR-199a-5p was significantly increased following PAH induction, and anti-miR-199a-5p could increase the nitric oxide (NO) level and decrease the PAH-induced upregulation of pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Moreover, in HPASMCs and HPAECs, miR-199a-5p overexpression could inhibit the level of NO and promote the concentration of Ca(2+), but anti-miR-199a-5p showed opposite results. Further analysis demonstrated that miR-199a-5p attenuated the expression of Smad3. Importantly, Smad3 was confirmed to be the target gene of miR-199a-5p using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Mechanism analyses revealed that the downregulation of NO and the upregulation of Ca(2+) caused by miR-199a-5p were all reversed by Smad3 overexpression in HPASMCs and HPAECs. Moreover, in PAH model, Smad3, p-Smad3 and Smad4 were all downregulated in lung tissues, and SIS3 (Smad3 inhibitor) could reverse the effects of anti-miR-199a-5p in PAH rats. Our date suggest that miR-199a-5p may function as a regulator of PAH by targeting Smad3, indicating a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou 450052, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou 450052, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou 450052, China.
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12
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Forchielli ML, Bonoli A, Preite I, Stancari A, Maselli S, Guarguaglini AM, Mignini I, Masi M, Puggioli C, Bersani G. Parenteral nutrition admixtures for pediatric patients compounded with highly refined fish oil-based emulsion: assessment of physicochemical stability. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:1127-31. [PMID: 24411491 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil-based emulsion is increasingly used in pediatric patients receiving Parenteral Nutrition (PN). However, its unique use in children on long-term PN is nutritionally debatable as some patients are better off with a mixture of long-chain (LCT) or long-chain + medium-chain (LCT + MCT) triglycerides along with Fish Oil (FO). Lipid emulsions are safely infused when particle diameter ranges between 0.4 and 1.0 micron (like chylomicra), according to European guidelines. No data exist on Fish Oil stability when added to other PN components typically present in pediatric formulations such as other lipids or micronutrients. Our goal is to evaluate the stability of a highly refined FO-emulsion in PN admixtures containing LCT or LCT + MCT triglycerides and different calcium content. Stability studies were carried out on six PN admixtures having two levels of calcium concentration compounded with olive oil LCT + FO, LCT + MCT + FO emulsion and pure FO alone, respectively. The analyses were performed immediately at time 0 (t = 0) and 24, 48, 72, 96 (t = 96) hours after compounding. Particle diameters were determined by Light Scattering-Reverse Fourier Optics Technique by means of a Laser Granulometer. Every sample was stored at 4 °C and triple tested. Statistical significance was verified by f-test. In all admixtures, physicochemical stability did not change between t = 0 and t = 96 and particle diameters were in the expected range of 0.4-1.0 micron provided calcium concentration remained below 4.5 mmol/L. When calcium exceeded that level, 12% of particle diameters was larger than 1.0 micron and 2% exceeded 5.0 micron immediately after compounding. In particular, admixtures compounded with olive oil LCT + FO emulsion or FO emulsion alone showed lower particle diameters compared to admixture with olive/soybean LCT alone, probably due to a different steric encumbrance of oleic acid and omega-3 fatty acid. In the PN admixtures tested, containing FO-emulsion alone or in combination with olive LCT or LCT + MCT, the fat emulsion appears to be stable and safe for infusion when calcium concentration is maintained below 4.5 mmol/L. If calcium level exceeds 4.5 mmol/L, as often required in premature patients, it is advisable to infuse FO emulsion alone through a second intravenous line.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Forchielli
- Paediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Medical School, Bologna, Italy.
| | - A Bonoli
- Civil, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - I Preite
- Civil, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - A Stancari
- Pharmacy Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Maselli
- Pharmacy Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - A M Guarguaglini
- Pharmacy Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Mignini
- Pharmacy Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Masi
- Paediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Puggioli
- Pharmacy Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Bersani
- Pharmacy Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Medical School, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Sileno S, D'Oria V, Stucchi R, Alessio M, Petrini S, Bonetto V, Maechler P, Bertuzzi F, Grasso V, Paolella K, Barbetti F, Massa O. A possible role of transglutaminase 2 in the nucleus of INS-1E and of cells of human pancreatic islets. J Proteomics 2013; 96:314-27. [PMID: 24291354 PMCID: PMC3919173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein with Ca2 +-dependent transamidating and G protein activity. Previously we reported that the role of TG2 in insulin secretion may involve cytoplasmic actin remodeling and a regulative action on other proteins during granule movement. The aim of this study was to gain a better insight into the role of TG2 transamidating activity in mitochondria and in the nucleus of INS-1E rat insulinoma cell line (INS-1E) during insulin secretion. To this end we labeled INS-1E with an artificial donor (biotinylated peptide), in basal condition and after stimulus with glucose for 2, 5, and 8 min. Biotinylated proteins of the nuclear/mitochondrial-enriched fraction were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Many mitochondrial proteins involved in Ca2 + homeostasis (e.g. voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein, prohibitin and different ATP synthase subunits) and many nuclear proteins involved in gene regulation (e.g. histone H3, barrier to autointegration factor and various heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein) were identified among a number of transamidating substrates of TG2 in INS-1E. The combined results provide evidence that a temporal link exists between glucose-stimulation, first phase insulin secretion and the action of TG on histone H3 both in INS-1E and human pancreatic islets. Biological significance Research into the role of transglutaminase 2 during insulin secretion in INS-1E rat insulinoma cellular model is depicting a complex role for this enzyme. Transglutaminase 2 acts in the different INS-1E compartments in the same way: catalyzing a post-translational modification event of its substrates. In this work we identify some mitochondrial and nuclear substrates of INS-1E during first phase insulin secretion. The finding that TG2 interacts with nuclear proteins that include BAF and histone H3 immediately after (2–5 min) glucose stimulus of INS-1E suggests that TG2 may be involved not only in insulin secretion, as suggested by our previous studies in cytoplasmic INS-1E fraction, but also in the regulation of glucose-induced gene transcription. Transglutaminase 2 localizes in the nucleus and in the mitochondrion of INS-1E. TG2 acts as a modifying enzyme in both compartments during FPIS. TG2 may contribute to Ca2 + sensing in mitochondrion through its substrates. TG2 may contribute to chromatin condensation in nucleus through its substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sileno
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Stucchi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Alessio
- Proteome Biochemistry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Geneva University Medical Centre, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Valeria Grasso
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Paolella
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Barbetti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Massa
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Mazzeo M, Dichio B, Clearwater MJ, Montanaro G, Xiloyannis C. Hydraulic resistance of developing Actinidia fruit. Ann Bot 2013; 112:197-205. [PMID: 23658370 PMCID: PMC3690990 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Xylem flows into most fruits decline as the fruit develop, with important effects on mineral and carbohydrate accumulation. It has been hypothesized that an increase in xylem hydraulic resistance (RT) contributes to this process. This study examined changes in RT that occur during development of the berry of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), identified the region within the fruit where changes were occurring, and tested whether a decrease in irradiance during fruit development caused an increase in RT, potentially contributing to decreased mineral accumulation in shaded fruit. METHODS RT was measured using pressure chamber and flow meter methods, the two methods were compared, and the flow meter was also used to partition RT between the pedicel, receptacle and proximal and distal portions of the berry. Dye was used as a tracer for xylem function. Artificial shading was used to test the effect of light on RT, dye entry and mineral accumulation. KEY RESULTS RT decreased during the early phase of rapid fruit growth, but increased again as the fruit transitioned to a final period of slower growth. The most significant changes in resistance occurred in the receptacle, which initially contributed 20 % to RT, increasing to 90 % later in development. Dye also ceased moving beyond the receptacle from 70 d after anthesis. The two methods for measuring RT agreed in terms of the direction and timing of developmental changes in RT, but pressure chamber measurements were consistently higher than flow meter estimates of RT, prompting questions regarding which method is most appropriate for measuring fruit RT. Shading had no effect on berry growth but increased RT and decreased dye movement and calcium concentration. CONCLUSIONS Increased RT in the receptacle zone coincides with slowing fresh weight growth, reduced transpiration and rapid starch accumulation by the fruit. Developmental changes in RT may be connected to changes in phloem functioning and the maintenance of water potential gradients between the stem and the fruit. The effect of shade on RT extends earlier reports that shading can affect fruit vascular differentiation, xylem flows and mineral accumulation independently of effects on transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Mazzeo
- Dipartimento delle Culture Europee e del Mediterraneo: Architettura, Ambiente, Patrimoni Culturali (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Dichio
- Dipartimento delle Culture Europee e del Mediterraneo: Architettura, Ambiente, Patrimoni Culturali (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Italy
| | - Michael J. Clearwater
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
- Plant and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, Te Puke Research Center, RD 2 Te Puke, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe Montanaro
- Dipartimento delle Culture Europee e del Mediterraneo: Architettura, Ambiente, Patrimoni Culturali (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Italy
| | - Cristos Xiloyannis
- Dipartimento delle Culture Europee e del Mediterraneo: Architettura, Ambiente, Patrimoni Culturali (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Italy
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