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Xiao X, Guo R, Qi Y, Wei J, Wu N, Zhang S, Qu R. Photocatalytic degradation of alkyl imidazole ionic liquids by TiO 2 nanospheres under simulated solar irradiation: Transformation behavior, DFT calculations and promoting effects of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132616. [PMID: 37757564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, TiO2 nanospheres prepared by the sol-gel method were found to efficiently catalyze the photodegradation of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide salt ([BMMIm]Br) under simulated solar irradiation through the main attack of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The promoting effect of alkali metal (Li+→Cs+) and alkaline earth metal ions (Mg2+→Ba2+) was particularly emphasized. In-situ EPR tests showed that the introduction of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions could enhance the formation of •OH thus leading to a 7%-30.3% increase in the degradation efficiency of. [BMMIm]+. Moreover, the removal efficiency of [BMMIm]+ still reached > 96.19% in four real waters. A total of 23 products of [BMMIm]Br were detected, and hydroxyl substitution, bond breaking, direct oxidation and ring opening were considered as the main reactions during the photocatalytic degradation process. The results of toxicity evaluation showed that hydroxylation was a reaction process of increasing toxicity, while the bond breaking reaction had great detoxification capacity for [BMMIm]+. These findings may enhance our understanding on the effects of alkali or alkaline earth metal ions on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, which could also provide reference for the efficient and green removal of alkylimidazolium ionic liquids in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Ruixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yumeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Junyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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Ashtaputrey SD, Agrawal PS. Fenton and photo-assisted advanced oxidative degradation of ionic liquids: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103576-103601. [PMID: 37715035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are the class of materials which are purely ionic in nature and liquid at room temperature. Their remarkable properties like very low vapour pressure, non-inflammable and high heat resistance are responsible for their use as a very appealing solvent in a variety of industrial applications in place of regular organic solvents. Because ILs are water soluble to a certain extent, the industrial wastewater effluents are found to contaminate with their traces. The non-biodegradability of ILs attracts the attention of the researchers for their removal or degradation from wastewater. Numbers of methods are available for the treatment of wastewater. However, it is very crucial to use the most efficient method for the degradation of ILs. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one of the most important techniques for the treatment of ILs in wastewater which have been investigated during last decades. This review paper covers the cost-effective Fenton, photochemical and photocatalytic AOPs and their combination that could be applied for the degradation of ILs from the wastewater. Theoretical explanations of these AOPs along with experimental conditions and kinetics of degradation or removal of ILs from water and wastewater have been reported and compared. Finally, future perspectives of IL degradation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratibha S Agrawal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, MS, India, 440010
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Saviano L, Brouziotis AA, Suarez EGP, Siciliano A, Spampinato M, Guida M, Trifuoggi M, Del Bianco D, Carotenuto M, Spica VR, Lofrano G, Libralato G. Catalytic Activity of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Advanced Oxidation Processes of Wastewater Pollutants: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6185. [PMID: 37687014 PMCID: PMC10488708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, sewage treatment plants did not effectively remove emerging water pollutants, leaving potential threats to human health and the environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as a promising technology for the treatment of contaminated wastewater, and the addition of catalysts such as heavy metals has been shown to enhance their effectiveness. This review focuses on the use of rare earth elements (REEs) as catalysts in the AOP process for the degradation of organic pollutants. Cerium and La are the most studied REEs, and their mechanism of action is based on the oxygen vacancies and REE ion concentration in the catalysts. Metal oxide surfaces improve the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form hydroxide species, which degrade the organics. The review discusses the targets of AOPs, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other molecules such as alkaloids, herbicides, and phenols. The current state-of-the-art advances of REEs-based AOPs, including Fenton-like oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation, are also discussed, with an emphasis on their catalytic performance and mechanism. Additionally, factors affecting water chemistry, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, inorganic species, and natural organic matter, are analyzed. REEs have great potential for enhancing the removal of dangerous organics from aqueous solutions, and further research is needed to explore the photoFenton-like activity of REEs and their ideal implementation for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Saviano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.A.B.); (E.G.P.S.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (D.D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Antonios Apostolos Brouziotis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.A.B.); (E.G.P.S.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (D.D.B.); (G.L.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Edith Guadalupe Padilla Suarez
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.A.B.); (E.G.P.S.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (D.D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.A.B.); (E.G.P.S.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (D.D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Marisa Spampinato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.A.B.); (E.G.P.S.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (D.D.B.); (G.L.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.A.B.); (E.G.P.S.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (D.D.B.); (G.L.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- CeSMA Advanced Metrological and Technological Service Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bianco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.A.B.); (E.G.P.S.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (D.D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Maurizio Carotenuto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “Adolfo Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (V.R.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (V.R.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (A.A.B.); (E.G.P.S.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (D.D.B.); (G.L.)
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Qiu Y, Wang L. Imidazolium ionic liquids as potential persistent pollutants in aqueous environments: Indirect photochemical degradation kinetics and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113031. [PMID: 35283072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) with promising application are likely to become ubiquitous contaminants in water environment for their high hydrophilicity, low biodegradability, and especially its potential toxicity. In this work, we have investigated photochemical transformation of six imidazolium ILs for fate prediction and ecological risk assessment. We found that the reaction rates of the ILs with •OH, CO3•─ and 1O2 enhanced with their increasing alkyl chain and varied slightly with the paired anions. Meanwhile, modelled results under different scenarios indicate that the primary contributors to transformation of the ILs are triplet-stated dissolved matter (3CDOM*), •OH and CO3•-. Besides, the overall half-lives of the ILs can reach 670 days, which indicates persistence of these ILs in the environment. Products for ILs in reaction with •OH and triplet-stated sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (3AQ2S*) were probed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and there is a difference between their products: Products by •OH are likely formed by hydrogen abstraction from the side alkyl chain, followed by dehydrogenation, hydroxylation and carbonylation, while one of the products by 3AQ2S* is formed by dihydroxyl-addition of the imidazolium ring. Furthermore, the ILs and its products were estimated to have toxicity and non-readily biodegradability, suggesting potential eco-risk for the environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qiu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Chu L, Kang X, Li D, Song X, Zhao X. Physiological responses of Pichia stipitis to imidazolium chloride ionic liquids with different carbon chain length. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131578. [PMID: 34303052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are used as detoxication agents for fermentation of lignin into ethanol because of their good applicability. However, the residual ILs may be toxic to the yeast. In order to improve the use of ILs for fermentation and protected environment, the toxicity of ILs with different carbon chain length to Pichia stipitis was studied in this paper. Four kinds of common imidazolium chloride ILs ([C4mim]Cl, [C6mim]Cl, [C8mim]Cl and [C10mim]Cl) were selected. ILs can inhibit the proliferation of Pichia stipitis and increase their mortality. Oxidative stress reaction occurred in the cells, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes are affected. Comparing with the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index, it was found that the toxicity increases with increasing chain length. ILs may enter cells by damaging cell membranes and reduce ethanol production by damaging organelles such as mitochondria. ILs caused wrinkles and dents on the surface of cells up to cell deformation and even rupture. The toxicity sequence was as follows: [C10mim]Cl> [C8mim]Cl>[C6mim]Cl>[C4mim]Cl. Due to this toxicity to Pichia stipitis, these compounds should be used carefully in the fermentation process and also to avoid toxic effects on other organisms in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xin Kang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Dongpeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinshan Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Yilimulati M, Du H, Wu W, Habibul N. Phytoextraction, accumulation, and toxicological effects of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquid in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7652-7660. [PMID: 34480310 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are widely used in many fields due to their extremely tunable nature and exceptional properties. The extensive application of ionic liquids raises great concerns regarding their bioaccumulation potential and adverse effects on organisms. Green plants have a great potential for uptake of persistent xenobiotics from aquatic and terrestrial environment. However, the assimilation and bioaccumulation of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C14mim]Br) have not been studied in plants yet. In order to explore the phytoaccumulation of [C14mim]+, ryegrass were exposed to [C14mim]Br with hydroponic experiment. The effects of [C14mim]Br dosages on growth index, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of ryegrass were investigated. The toxic effects of [C14mim]Br on ryegrass growth increased with increasing initial concentration. The high initial concentration treatment resulted in rapid changes in physiological characteristics in ryegrass tissue. [C14mim]+ ions were mainly accumulated in root tissue and partly translocated to the above ground part of ryegrass. [C14mim]+ was observed in the highest concentration (314.35 μg/g in root and 101.42 μg/g in aboveground parts of ryegrass) with 10 mg/L of [C14mim]Br. Our results demonstrated that ryegrass can uptake and accumulate [C14mim]+ and is therefore a suitable species for phytoremediation of trace amount of [C14mim]+ and possibly other ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihebai Yilimulati
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Hong Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Nuzahat Habibul
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a relatively new type of solvent that have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their environmentally friendly properties and their versatility in many applications. Many possible DESs have been described and, thus, it is not easy to unequivocally characterize and generalize their properties. This is especially important in the case of the (eco)toxicity information that can be found for these mixtures. In this review, we collect data on the human and environmental toxicity of DESs, with the aim of gathering and exploring the behavioral patterns of DESs. The toxicity data found were analyzed attending to different factors: hydrogen bond donors or acceptors that form part of the eutectic mixture, pH, and the presence of organic acids in the DES molar ratio of the components, or interactions with natural compounds. In the case of ecotoxicity, results generally depend on the biomodel studied, along with other factors that have been also revised. Finally, we also carried out a revision of the biodegradation of DESs.
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Wang H, Fan H, Liu H, Jin M, Du S, Li D, Zhang P, Ruan S, Qiu J. Oxidative stress response mechanism of Scenedesmus obliquus to ionic liquids with different number of methyl-substituents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:122847. [PMID: 32531673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have become persistent contaminants in water because of their good solubility and low biodegradability. The oxidative stress responses of Scenedesmus obliquus to three imidazole ILs with different number of methyl-substituents, i.e., 1-decyl-imidazolium chloride ([C10IM]Cl), 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C10MIM]Cl), and 1-decyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride ([C10DMIM]Cl), were studied. There was a positive correlation between ROS level and IL concentration. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase, and the content of antioxidants, i.e., ascorbic acid and glutathione, changed in IL treatment with a concentration-dependent effect. Proline accumulation increased with increasing IL concentration. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) index analysis, based on the eight oxidative stress response indicators, revealed that the toxicity order was: [C10IM]Cl < [C10DMIM]Cl < [C10MIM]Cl. Proteomic analysis showed that IL affect the type and distribution of proteins in S. obliquus. Chloroplast and photosystem II were affected as cellular component, and the proteins related to oxidative stress are annotated in GO categories. IBR index and proteomic analysis indicate that oxidative stress response is one of the main biomarkers of IL stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiyang Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Mingkang Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dexiao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Songlin Ruan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology & Proteomics, Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jieren Qiu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology & Proteomics, Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Farounbi AI, Ngqwala NP. Occurrence of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in the eastern cape province of South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17268-17279. [PMID: 32152855 PMCID: PMC7192885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds are attracting attention worldwide because of their effects on living things in the environment. Ten endocrine disrupting compounds: 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol, triclosan, atrazine, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole were investigated in four rivers and wastewater treatment plants in this study. Rivers were sampled at upstream, midstream and downstream reaches, while the influent and effluent samples of wastewater were collected from treatment plants near the receiving rivers. Sample waters were freeze-dried followed by extraction of the organic content and purification by solid-phase extraction. Concentrations of the compounds in the samples were determined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The results showed that these compounds are present in the samples with nonylphenol > dichlorophenol > bisphenol A > triclosan > octylphenol > imidazole > atrazine > triazole > estrone > estradiol. Nonylphenol has its highest concentration of 6.72 μg/L in King Williams Town wastewater influent and 2.55 μg/L in midstream Bloukrans River. Dichlorophenol has its highest concentration in Alice wastewater influent with 2.20 μg/L, while it was 0.737 μg/L in midstream Bloukrans River. Uitenhage wastewater effluent has bisphenol A concentration of 1.684 μg/L while it was 0.477 μg/L in the downstream samples of the Bloukrans River. Generally, the upstream samples of the rivers had lesser concentrations of the compounds. The wastewater treatment plants were not able to achieve total removal of the compounds in the wastewater while runoffs and wastes dump from the cities contributed to the concentrations of the compounds in the rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo I. Farounbi
- Environmental Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
| | - Nosiphiwe P. Ngqwala
- Environmental Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
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Russo D, Cochran KH, Westerman D, Li Puma G, Marotta R, Andreozzi R, Richardson SD. Ultrafast photodegradation of isoxazole and isothiazolinones by UV 254 and UV 254/H 2O 2 photolysis in a microcapillary reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115203. [PMID: 31669902 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation process of methylisothiazolinone (MIT), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), and isoxazole (ISOX) in ultrapure water and synthetic wastewater by means of UV254 photolysis and by UV254/H2O2 advanced oxidation process were investigated in a microcapillary photoreactor designed for ultrafast photochemical transformation of microcontaminants. For the first time, we estimated key photo-kinetic parameters, i.e. quantum yields (35.4 mmol·ein-1 for MIT, and 13.5 and 55.8 mmol·ein-1 for BIT at pH = 4-6 and 8, respectively) and rate constants of the reaction of photo-generated OH radicals with MIT and BIT (2.09·109 and 5.9·109 L mol-1·s-1 for MIT and BIT). The rate constants of the reaction of photo-generated OH radicals with ISOX in MilliQ water was also estimated (2.15·109 L mol-1·s-1) and it was in good agreement with literature indications obtained in different aqueous matrices. The models were extended and validated to the case of simultaneous degradation of mixtures of these compounds and using synthetic wastewater as an aqueous matrix. High resolution-accurate mass spectrometry analysis enabled identification of the main intermediates (BIT200, B200, saccharin, BIT166) and enabled proposal of a novel degradation pathway for BIT under UV254/H2O2 treatment. This study demonstrates an ultrafast method to determine key photo-kinetic parameters of contaminants of emerging concern in water and wastewater, which are needed for design and validation of photochemical water treatment processes of municipal and industrial wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
| | - Kristin H Cochran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Danielle Westerman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Gianluca Li Puma
- Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Raffaele Marotta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Roberto Andreozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, USA.
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11
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A S, D R, D S, R M, M R, M F, E G, M G. Chronic toxicity of treated and untreated aqueous solutions containing imidazole-based ionic liquids and their oxydized by-products. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:466-472. [PMID: 31121553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, an experimental study is presented aimed at assessing the chronic toxicity of three imidazole-based ionic liquids, i.e. imidazole (IM), 1-methylimidazole (1MIM), 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (1E3MIM), and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (1B3MIM), generally considered as environmentally friendly surrogates of traditional industrial solvents. In this study Daphnia magna was used as test organism due to its wide application in the ecotoxicological literature of ionic liquids, monitoring both the cumulative survival of exposed organisms, and their reproductive parameters. The intracellular oxidative stress of daphnids was also assessed through the determination of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Catalase activity (CAT). The chronic toxicity of their oxidized by-products (BPs), generated by advanced oxidation treatment with UV254/H2O2, was finally evaluated. Four generations of BPs were considered, each formed at reaction times higher than those required for the complete removal of the parent compounds. Results indicate that IM and 1MIM have a moderate chronic toxicity, which mainly affects reproductive parameters. On the contrary, 1E3MIM and 1B3MIM showed significantly higher chronic toxicity effects resulting in a significant increase in the mortality of exposed organisms compared to the controls. UV/H2O2 treatment of the compounds did not always reduce the observed effects, since the generated BPs have, in some cases, higher chronic toxicity than their corresponding parent compounds. Chronic toxic effects remained significant up to the fourth generation of BPs in the cases of 1E3MIM and 1B3MIM, whereas they were found to be negligible from the second generation of BPs in the case of IM and 1MIM. The results of oxidative stress measurements confirmed the previous findings, suggesting a potential risk for the aquatic ecosystem induced by the mentioned compounds and their BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siciliano A
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Russo D
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Department, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Spasiano D
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Italy
| | - Marotta R
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e dei Materiali, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Race M
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Universitá deli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Italy
| | - Fabbricino M
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Galdiero E
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Guida M
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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12
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Thamke VR, Chaudhari AU, Tapase SR, Paul D, Kodam KM. In vitro toxicological evaluation of ionic liquids and development of effective bioremediation process for their removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:567-577. [PMID: 31026705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the cyto-genotoxicological impact of ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, trihexyl tetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride, on animal cells and their biodegradation. The long alkyl chain containing ionic liquids were found to be more toxic whereas benzene functional group in benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride enhances its toxicity. Aerobic bacterial granules, a bacterial consortium, were developed that have promising ability to break down these organic pollutants. These aerobic bacterial granules have been applied for the biodegradation of ionic liquids. The biological oxygen demand (5 days) and chemical oxygen demand parameters confirmed that the biodegradation was solely due to aerobic bacterial granules which further decreased the time period needed for regular biodegradation by biological oxygen demand (28 days). The high resolution mass spectrometry analysis further approved that the degradation of ionic liquids was mainly via removal of the methyl group. Elevated N-demethylase enzyme activity supports the ionic liquids degradation which may be occurring through demethylation mechanism. The amplicon sequencing of aerobic bacterial granules gives insight into the involvement of the bacterial community in the biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viresh R Thamke
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ashvini U Chaudhari
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Savita R Tapase
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dhiraj Paul
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Kisan M Kodam
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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13
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Habibul N, Chen JJ, Hu YY, Hu Y, Yin H, Sheng GP, Yu HQ. Uptake, accumulation and metabolization of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide by ryegrass from water: Prospects for phytoremediation. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:82-91. [PMID: 30904713 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of ionic liquids make them attractive for a wide range of industrial applications, which makes it easy to be released into the environment and cause water or soil pollution. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants is a safe and important process for removing persistent pollutants from the environment. However, due to they are very chemically stable and potentially toxic to plants, whether they can be removed, assimilated and metabolized by plants remains unknown during phytoremediation process. In this study, ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., was used for imidazolium ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [C4mim]+) removal from water. The results show that [C4mim]+ could be taken up, accumulated and metabolized by plants in vivo with a high removal efficiency. Most of the [C4mim]+ was accumulated in the root tissue, with the root concentration fraction factors ranging from 4.9 to 51.5. Two hydroxylated metabolites 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-(n-butyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-imidazolium, and two secondary metabolites were detected in the ryegrass after [C4mim]+ uptake. The metabolic mechanism was clarified using density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, [C4mim]+ at a high concentration was found to be high toxic to inhibit the growth of ryegrass markedly. In response, some oxidative stress was observed in the metabolic process, as indicated by increasing of catalase, super dismutase and peroxidase activities. Our results suggested that phytoremediation was an efficient technique for ionic liquids treatment from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzahat Habibul
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Jie-Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yan-Yun Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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14
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Koutinas M, Vasquez MI, Nicolaou E, Pashali P, Kyriakou E, Loizou E, Papadaki A, Koutinas AA, Vyrides I. Biodegradation and toxicity of emerging contaminants: Isolation of an exopolysaccharide-producing Sphingomonas sp. for ionic liquids bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:88-96. [PMID: 30412811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been characterized as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) that often resist biodegradation and impose toxicity upon environmental release. Sphingomonas sp. MKIV has been isolated as an extreme microorganism capable for biodegradation of major classes of ILs. Six imidazolium-, pyridinium- and ammonium-based ILs (pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate [Py][CF3SO3], 1-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium chloride [1-4PPy][Cl], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [BMIM][Br], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate [BMIM][MeSO4], tetrabutylammonium iodide [n-Bu4N][I] and tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate [n-Bu4N][PF6]) were used for microbial growth. The strain achieved 91% and 87% removal efficiency for cultures supplemented with 100 mg L-1 of [BMIM][MeSO4] and [n-Bu4N][I] respectively. The metabolic activity of MKIV was inhibited following preliminary stages of cultures conducted using [BMIM][MeSO4], [BMIM][Br], [Py][CF3SO3] and [n-Bu4N][PF6], indicating potential accumulation of inhibitory metabolites. Thus, a comprehensive toxicological study of the six ILs on Aliivibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata was conducted demonstrating that the compounds impose moderate and low toxicity. The end-products from [BMIM][MeSO4] and [n-Bu4N][I] biodegradation were assessed using Aliivibrio fischeri, exhibiting increased environmental impact of the latter following biotreatment. MKIV produced 19.29 g L-1 of biopolymer, comprising mainly glucose and galacturonic acid, from 25 g L-1 of glucose indicating high industrial significance for bioremediation and exopolysaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Koutinas
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Marlen I Vasquez
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Euthimia Nicolaou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Petros Pashali
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Kyriakou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Elena Loizou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
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15
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Petrella A, Spasiano D, Cosma P, Rizzi V, Race M. Evaluation of the hydraulic and hydrodynamic parameters influencing photo-catalytic degradation of bio-persistent pollutants in a pilot plant. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1555534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petrella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari,Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari,Bari, Italy
| | - Pinalysa Cosma
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Race
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
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16
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Monitoring the Activated Sludge Activities Affected by Industrial Toxins via an Early-Warning System Based on the Relative Oxygen Uptake Rate (ROUR) Index. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Shock load from industrial wastewater is known to harm the microbial activities of the activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and disturb their performance. This study developed a system monitoring the activated sludge activities based on the relative oxygen uptake rate (ROUR) and explored the influential factors with wastewater and the activated sludge samples collected from a typical WWTP in the Taihu Lake of southern Jiangsu province, China. The ROUR was affected by the concentration of toxic substances, mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH. Higher toxin contents significantly decreased the ROUR and the EC50 value of Zn2+, Ni2+, Cr(VI), Cu2+, and Cd2+ was 13.40, 15.54, 97.56, 12.01, and 14.65 mg/L, respectively. The ROUR declined with the increasing HRT and MLSS above 2000 mg/L had buffering capacities for the impacts of toxic substances to some extent. The ROUR remained stable within a broad range pH (6–10), covering most of the operational pH in WWTPs and behaving as an appropriate indicator for monitoring the shock load. A toxicity model assessing and predicting the ROUR was developed and fitted well with experimental data. Coupling the ROUR monitoring system and toxicity model, an online early-warning system was assembled and successfully used for predicting the toxicity of different potential toxic metals. This study provides a new universal toxicity model and an online early-warning system for monitoring the shock load from industrial wastewater, which is useful for improving the performance of WWTPs.
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17
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Hamad H, Castelo-Quibén J, Morales-Torres S, Carrasco-Marín F, Pérez-Cadenas AF, Maldonado-Hódar FJ. On the Interactions and Synergism between Phases of Carbon⁻Phosphorus⁻Titanium Composites Synthetized from Cellulose for the Removal of the Orange-G Dye. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091766. [PMID: 30231540 PMCID: PMC6164880 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon–phosphorus–titanium composites (CPT) were synthesized by Ti-impregnation and carbonization of cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose used as carbon precursor was initially dissolved by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to favor the Ti-dispersion and the simultaneous functionalization of the cellulose chains with phosphorus-containing groups, namely phosphates and polyphosphates. These groups interacted with the Ti-precursor during impregnation and determined the interface transformations during carbonization as a function of the Ti-content and carbonization temperature. Amorphous composites with high surface area and mesoporosity were obtained at low Ti-content (Ti:cellulose ratio = 1) and carbonization temperature (500 °C), while in composites with Ti:cellulose ratio = 12 and 800 °C, Ti-particles reacted with the cellulose groups leading to different Ti-crystalline polyphosphates and a marked loss of the porosity. The efficiency of composites in the removal of the Orange G dye in solution by adsorption and photocatalysis was discussed based on their physicochemical properties. These materials were more active than the benchmark TiO2 material (Degussa P25), showing a clear synergism between phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Hamad
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
- Fabrication Technology Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Jesica Castelo-Quibén
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sergio Morales-Torres
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Carrasco-Marín
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Agustín F Pérez-Cadenas
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Maldonado-Hódar
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
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18
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Wang WL, Wu QY, Huang N, Xu ZB, Lee MY, Hu HY. Potential risks from UV/H 2O 2 oxidation and UV photocatalysis: A review of toxic, assimilable, and sensory-unpleasant transformation products. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:109-125. [PMID: 29783164 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UV based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) that efficiently eliminate organic pollutants during water treatment have been the subject of numerous investigations. Most organic pollutants are not completely mineralized during UV-AOPs but are partially oxidized into transformation products (TPs), thereby adding complexity to the treated water and posing risks to humans, ecological systems, and the environment. While the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of pollutants have been widely documented, there is little information about the risks associated with TPs. In this review, we have collated recent knowledge about the harmful TPs that are generated in UV/H2O2 and UV photocatalysis, two UV-AOPs that have been studied extensively. Toxic and assimilable TPs were ubiquitously observed in more than 80% of UV-AOPs of organic pollutants, of which the toxicity and assimilability levels changed with variations in the reaction conditions, such as the UV fluence and oxidant dosage. Previous studies and modeling assessments showed that toxic and assimilable TPs may be generated during hydroxylation, dealkylation, decarboxylation, and deamination. Among various reactions, TPs generated from dealkylation and decarboxylation were generally less and more toxic than the parent pollutants, respectively; TPs generated from decarboxylation and deamination were generally less and more assimilable than the parent pollutants, respectively. There is also potential concern about the sensory-unpleasant TPs generated by oxidations and subsequent metabolism of microorganisms. In this overview, we stress the need to include both the concentrations of organic pollutants and the evaluations of the risks from TPs for the quality assessments of the water treated by UV-AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zi-Bin Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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19
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Ethylenediamine-N,N'-Disuccinic Acid (EDDS)-Enhanced Flushing Optimization for Contaminated Agricultural Soil Remediation and Assessment of Prospective Cu and Zn Transport. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030543. [PMID: 29562649 PMCID: PMC5877088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at investigating the effect of operative parameters on the efficiency of a soil flushing process, conducted on real contaminated soil containing high amounts of Cu and Zn. Soil flushing tests were carried out with Ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) as a flushing agent due to its high biodegradability and environmentally friendly characteristics. Process parameters such as Empty-Bed Contact Time (EBCT) and EDDS solution molarity were varied from 21-33 h and from 0.36-3.6 mM, respectively. Effects on the mobility of cations such as Fe and Mn were also investigated. Results showed that very high performances can be obtained at [EDDS] = 3.6 mM and EBCT = 33 h. In these conditions, in fact, the amount of removed Cu was 53%, and the amount of removed Zn was 46%. Metal distribution at different depths from the top surface revealed that Cu has higher mobility than Zn. The process results were strongly dependent on the exchange of metals due to the different stability constants of the EDDS complexes. Finally, results from a comparative study showed that soil washing treatment reached the same removal efficiency of the flushing process in a shorter time but required a larger amount of the EDDS solution.
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20
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Soil Washing Optimization, Recycling of the Solution, and Ecotoxicity Assessment for the Remediation of Pb-Contaminated Sites Using EDDS. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Hamad H, Bassyouni D, El-Ashtoukhy ES, Amin N, Abd El-Latif M. Electrocatalytic degradation and minimization of specific energy consumption of synthetic azo dye from wastewater by anodic oxidation process with an emphasis on enhancing economic efficiency and reaction mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:501-512. [PMID: 29121592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on the knowledge-based methodology for the development of an electrochemical system, enabling simultaneous optimization of various operating parameters such as current density (j), initial dye concentration (Co), NaCl concentration (CN) for the mineralization of Reactive Violet 2 (RV-2) and Acid Brown 14 (AB-14) dye on the efficiency of removal, energy consumption (EC), Chemical Oxygen Demands (COD), apparent rate constants (kapp) and Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) all of which have been examined. The relationship between kapp and EEO is also discussed. The degradation efficiency and kapp always rising at higher j and lower Co and CN while EC, EEO, and operating cost increased at higher j, Co and CN. On the other hand, The COD increased with decrease j, Co and higher CN. Due to the strong formation of hydroxyl radicals from water discharge, the graphite electrode possesses a strong power of electro-generation rate and competitive wasting reactions of organic compounds. The results demonstrated that the relatively high dye removal, COD and low specific energy consumption are obtained simultaneously only if the various parameters are regulated to a plausible value j of 79Am-2, Co of 100mg/L and CN of 1g/L within 60min of electrolysis. The color removal efficiency is much faster for RV-2 compared to AB-14 due to the contribution of azo bond in the dye molecule. Also, the EC and kapp are higher for RV-2 than AB-14 while is lower in terms of EEO and COD. A comprehensive reaction sequence of RV-2 and AB-14 mineralization involving all oxidation products was proposed. Formation and evolution of aromatic and aliphatic (short-chain carboxylic acids) intermediates during the treatment and a mineralization pathway is proposed. The estimated cost of operation for degradation at optimum conditions is calculated as 1.54 and 1.29 USD m-3/g dye for complete degradation RV-2 and AB-14, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Hamad
- Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Bassyouni
- Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - El-Sayed El-Ashtoukhy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Nevin Amin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Mona Abd El-Latif
- Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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22
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Race M. Applicability of alkaline precipitation for the recovery of EDDS spent solution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:358-363. [PMID: 28806652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an innovative procedure for the recovery of SS-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) solution used for soil washing processes. The procedure is derived from that applied for the recovery of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), modifying and optimizing the choice of the chemical agents used for the protonation of the chelant, the exchange of the metals, and the final precipitation of the unwanted compounds. To select the reagents and test the proposed approach, an experimental study was conducted on real EDDS spent solutions, obtained washing a Cu and Zn real contaminated soil. According to the results obtained, the precipitation ranges from 30% to more than 90% for both Cu and Zn, depending on the adopted reagent sequence, and on the molar ratio between the salt and the chelant contained in the spent solution. Data were in agreement with chemical equilibrium predicted in ideal conditions. The recovered solutions had a reduced ability to remove the contaminants when applied in a new soil washing cycle (15% less for Cu and 30% less for Zn) because of the high concentration of alkaline metal ions required for the precipitation. At the same time, they were more biodegradable compared to non-treated solutions, confirming that EDDS-metal chelates may represent a threat for biological wastewater processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Race
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile ed Ambientale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
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23
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Biczak R, Pawłowska B, Feder-Kubis J, Telesiński A. Comparison of the effect of ionic liquids containing hexafluorophosphate and trifluoroacetate anions on the inhibition of growth and oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2167-2177. [PMID: 28145604 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are a group of chemical compounds with chemical properties that are of great interest to various fields of science and industry. However, commercial use of these substances raises concern because they may threaten the natural ecosystems. The present study used 2 types of (-)-menthol-containing imidazolium chiral ionic liquids: 1-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthoxymethyl]-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Im-Men][PF6 ] and 1-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthoxymethyl]-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate [Im-Men][CF3 CO2 ]. The effects of these compounds on growth and development of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) were investigated. The present study demonstrated that chiral ionic liquids produced a relatively high phytotoxicity, by shortening the plants' lengths and roots, thus causing a decline in the experimental plants' fresh weights. The investigated ionic liquids also led to a reduction in photosynthetic pigment levels, changes in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content, and changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in both plants. Changes in these enzymes were used to indicate oxidative stress levels in spring barley and common radish. It was demonstrated that imidazolium ionic liquid-induced phytotoxicity depended largely on the type of anion. The liquid [Im-Men][PF6 ] exhibited higher toxicity toward spring barley and common radish seedlings. Common radish was more resistant to chiral ionic liquids. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2167-2177. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
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Satyro S, Saggioro EM, Veríssimo F, Buss DF, de Paiva Magalhães D, Oliveira A. Triclocarban: UV photolysis, wastewater disinfection, and ecotoxicity assessment using molecular biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16077-16085. [PMID: 28537026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) is an antibacterial agent found in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP). It is potentially bioaccumulative and an endocrine disruptor, being classified as a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC). In normal uses, approximately 96% of the used TCC can be washed down the drain going into the sewer system and eventually enter in the aquatic environment. UV photolysis can be used to photodegrade TCC and ecotoxicity assays could indicate the photodegradation efficiency, since the enormous structural diversity of photoproducts and their low concentrations do not always allow to identify and quantify them. In this work, the TCC was efficiently degraded by UVC direct photolysis and the ecotoxicity of the UV-treated mixtures was investigated. Bioassays indicates that Daphnia similis (48 h EC50 = 0.044 μM) was more sensitive to TCC than Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (72 h IC50 = 1.01 μM). TCC and its photoproducts caused significant effects on Eisenia andrei biochemical responses (catalase and glutathione-S-transferase); 48 h was a critical exposure time, since GST reached the highest activity values. UVC reduced the TCC toxic effect after 120 min. Furthermore, TCC was photodegraded in domestic wastewater which was simultaneously disinfected for total coliform bacterial (TCB) (360 min) and Escherichia coli (60 min). Graphical abstract TCC degradation and ecotoxicological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suéllen Satyro
- Center for the Study of Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE - Chemical Engineering Program, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Bloco G, sala, 115, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo
- Center for the Study of Worker's Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 296, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Forsin Buss
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Promoting and Evaluation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielly de Paiva Magalhães
- Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology to Mining-Metallurgical Industry, Mineral Technology Center, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anabela Oliveira
- Research and Innovation Interdisciplinary Center, Technology and Management Faculty, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Lugar da Abadessa, Apartado, 148, Portalegre, Portugal
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