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Brillas E, Manuel Peralta-Hernández J. Removal of paracetamol (acetaminophen) by photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. A critical review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Palharim PH, Caira MCD, de Araújo Gusmão C, Ramos B, dos Santos GT, Rodrigues Jr. O, Teixeira ACSC. Effect of temperature and time on the hydrothermal synthesis of WO3-AgCl photocatalysts regarding photocatalytic activity. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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de Araújo Gusmão C, Palharim PH, Ramos B, Teixeira ACSC. Enhancing the visible-light photoactivity of silica-supported TiO 2 for the photocatalytic treatment of pharmaceuticals in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42215-42230. [PMID: 34628619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst samples based on SiO2-supported TiO2 were prepared with the incorporation of Ag (metal), S (nonmetal), and ZnO@S (semiconductor and nonmetal). The materials were evaluated regarding their morphological, optical, and crystalline properties as well as their photoactivity under visible and ultraviolet light toward the degradation rate of a model emerging pollutant, acetaminophen (ACT). All modified materials exhibited improved performance over the undoped catalyst. The Ag-doped catalyst achieved the largest degradation under visible radiation (about 30% in 120 min), whereas under ultraviolet irradiation, the ZnO@S-doped sample exhibited the best performance (about 62% in 120 min). A Doehlert design was carried out to evaluate the influence of pH and temperature on the photoactivity of Ag-TiO2/SiO2. In addition, the role of each reactive species in the photodegradation reaction was investigated by radical scavenger experiments, and the superoxide radical anion O2•- was shown to be the predominant reactive species. The stability of the Ag-TiO2/SiO2 material under ultraviolet and visible light was confirmed after five successive operation cycles, showing a reasonable (about 50%) loss of activity under visible irradiation and a slight improvement (about 13%) under UV light, as a result of the photo-reduction of Ag+. Lastly, the effect of the initial pollutant concentration showed that ACT degradation using Ag-TiO2/SiO2 follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, with intrinsic reaction rate k = 2.71 × 10-4 mmol L-1 min-1 under visible-light radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Araújo Gusmão
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Hasse Palharim
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ramos
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil
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Li R, Hu Y, Du L, Li J, Yuan J, Liu X. In-situ photoelectrocatalytical formation of sulfate radicals on BiPO4 modified carbon paper electrode in sodium sulfate electrolyte for high efficient degradation of pefloxacin. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Lu Z, Xu Y, Akbari MZ, Liang C, Peng L. Insight into integration of photocatalytic and microbial wastewater treatment technologies for recalcitrant organic pollutants: From sequential to simultaneous reactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133952. [PMID: 35167831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The more and more stringent environmental standards for recalcitrant organic pollutants pushed forward the development of integration of photocatalytic and microbial wastewater treatment technologies. The past studies proposed mainly two typical integration ways: a) Independent sequence of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ISPB) conducting the sequential reactions; b) Intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) conducting the simultaneous reactions. Although ICPB has received more attraction recently due to its novelty, ISPB gives an edge in certain cases. The article reviews the state-of-the-art ISPB and ICPB studies to comprehensively compare the two systems. The strengths and weaknesses of ISPB and ICPB regarding the treatment efficiency, cost, toxicity endurance and flexibility are contradistinguished. The reactor set-ups, photocatalysts, microbial characteristics of ISPB and ICPB are summarized. The applications for different kinds of recalcitrant compounds are elaborated to give a holistic view of the removal efficiencies and transformation pathways by the two technologies. Currently, in-depth understandings about the interference among mixed pollutants, co-existing components and key parameters in realistic wastewater are urgently needed. The long-term and large-scale application cases of the integration technologies are still rare. Overall, we conclude that both ISPB and ICPB technologies are reaching maturity while challenges still exist for two systems especially regarding the reliability, economy and generalization for realistic wastewater treatment plants. Future research should not only manage to reduce the cost and energy consumption by upgrading reactors and developing novel catalysts, but also attach importance to the cocktail effects of wastewater during the sequential or simultaneous photocatalysis and biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mohammad Zahir Akbari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Li Y, Zhang C, Hu Z. Selective removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from water by titanium incorporated hierarchical diatoms in the presence of natural organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116628. [PMID: 33220609 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM), such as humic acids, fulvic acids, and tannic acids, is ubiquitous in water bodies and hinders the photodegradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). We prepared titanium incorporated hierarchical diatoms as a novel photocatalyst to selectively remove PPCPs (triclosan, bisphenol A or BPA, and N, N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide or DEET) in the presence of NOM (humic acid). Diatom (Stephanodiscus hantzschii) grown in a titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide solution integrated 7.2% ± 1.4% (mass fraction) of titanium in their cell wall and formed silica-titania frustules. The photodegradation of triclosan, BPA, and DEET by both silica-titania frustules and titania nanopowder (a control photocatalyst) follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Under ultraviolent light irradiation, the titanium-content-normalized pseudo-first-order removal rate constants of triclosan, BPA, and DEET by silica-titania frustules were 3, 4, and 4-times those by titania nanopowder, respectively, at a humic acid concentration of 10 mg•L-1. Incorporation of titanium did not alter the morphology and hierarchical nano/microstructures of the diatom. The silica-titania frustules were rich in nanopores with a diameter of 20 ± 4 nm (mean ± standard deviation), allowing PPCPs with a small molecular weight (typically < 600 g•mol-1) to pass through while efficiently rejecting NOM with high molecular weights. The silica-titania frustules with hierarchical nano/microstructures served as a prefiltration unit by selectively allowing PPCPs to pass through the nanopores and are therefore promising for photodegradation and environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Chiqian Zhang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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Feng Y, Rijnaarts HHM, Yntema D, Gong Z, Dionysiou DD, Cao Z, Miao S, Chen Y, Ye Y, Wang Y. Applications of anodized TiO 2 nanotube arrays on the removal of aqueous contaminants of emerging concern: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116327. [PMID: 32846377 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in various water bodies and the associated threats to eco-system and human society have raised increasing concerns. To fight against such a problem, TiO2 photocatalysis is considered to be a powerful tool. In recent decades, TiO2 nanotube array (TNA) fabricated by electrochemical anodization emerged as a viable immobilized catalyst and its applications on CECs removal have gained a considerable amount of research interest. We herein present a critical review on the development of TNA and its applications on the removal of aqueous CECs. In this work, the CECs removal in different TNA based processes, the CECs removal mechanisms, the role of TNA properties, the role of operational parameters, and the role of water matrices are discussed. Moreover, perspectives on the current research progress are presented and recommendations on future research are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyue Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Doekle Yntema
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DCEE), 705 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States
| | - Zhourong Cao
- Chengdu Drainage CO., Ltd, Bisheng Rd. 256, 610039 Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shiyu Miao
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yin Ye
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129 Xi'an, PR China; Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Yuheng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129 Xi'an, PR China.
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Ye Y, Bruning H, Liu W, Rijnaarts H, Yntema D. Effect of dissolved natural organic matter on the photocatalytic micropollutant removal performance of TiO2 nanotube array. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Uyguner Demirel CS, Birben NC, Bekbolet M. A comprehensive review on the use of second generation TiO 2 photocatalysts: Microorganism inactivation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:420-448. [PMID: 30077938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic disinfection practices have been applied for decades and attract current interest along with the developments in synthesis of novel photocatalysts. A survey based investigation was performed for elucidation of photocatalytic treatment details as well as disinfection mechanism of microorganisms. The present work brings significant information on the utilization of second generation TiO2 photocatalysts for inactivation of microorganisms typically using E. coli as the model microorganism. Special interest was devoted to the role of organic matrix either generated during treatment or as a natural component. Studies on photocatalytic disinfection were extensively reviewed and evaluated with respect to basic operational parameters related to photocatalysis, and types and properties of microorganisms investigated. Degradation mechanism and behavior of microorganisms towards reactive oxygen species during disinfection and organic matrix effects were also addressed. For successful utilization and effective assessment of visible light active photocatalysts, standard protocols for disinfection activity testing have to be set. Further improvement of the efficiency of these materials would be promising for future applications in water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazmiye Cemre Birben
- Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Miray Bekbolet
- Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Awfa D, Ateia M, Fujii M, Johnson MS, Yoshimura C. Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water treatment using carbonaceous-TiO 2 composites: A critical review of recent literature. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:26-45. [PMID: 29859390 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) that found in water in many locations are of concern. Among the available water treatment methods, heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2 is an emerging and viable technology to overcome the occurrence of PPCP in natural and waste water. The combination of carbonaceous materials (e.g., activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets) with TiO2, a recent development, gives significantly improved performance. In this article, we present a critical review of the development and fabrication of carbonaceous-TiO2 and its application to PPCP removal including its influence on water chemistry, and the relevant operational parameters. Finally, we present an analysis of current priorities in the ongoing research and development of carbonaceous-TiO2 for the photodegradation of PPCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion Awfa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States; PSIPW Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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Kang S, Huang W, Zhang L, He M, Xu S, Sun D, Jiang X. Moderate Bacterial Etching Allows Scalable and Clean Delamination of g-C 3N 4 with Enriched Unpaired Electrons for Highly Improved Photocatalytic Water Disinfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13796-13804. [PMID: 29600845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Delamination treatment is crucial in promoting the activity of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). However, most of the currently used methods of exfoliating bulk g-C3N4 to achieve g-C3N4 thin layers suffer from low yield and environmental pollution. Herein, we developed a facile bacterial etching approach for the preparation of high-quality g-C3N4 nanosheets by exfoliating bulk g-C3N4 under room temperature. Morphology and physicochemical characterizations show that the bacteria-treated g-C3N4 (BT-CN) samples, especially BT-CN-2d, have a lamina-like two-dimensional (2D) in-plane porous structure, a significantly enlarged specific surface area (82.61 m2 g-1), and a remarkable narrow band gap (2.11 eV). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra confirm the dramatic enrichment of unpaired electron in the BT-CN-2d g-C3N4 nanosheets. EIS spectra and photocurrent tests indicate the fast electron transportation. As a result, the representative BT-CN-2d g-C3N4 photocatalyst shows an optimal visible light-driven photocatalytic performance in water disinfection (fourfold higher than bulk g-C3N4), as well as good cycle stability. This moderate and clean bacterial etching process can be realized in tens of gram scale in the laboratory and should be readily extended to kilogram scale. The present work provides fundamental knowledge about the scalable production of high-quality g-C3N4 by bioengineering method, offering extendable availability for designing and fabricating other functional 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifei Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 102218 , P. R. China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 102218 , P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , P. R. China
| | - Maofen He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , P. R. China
| | - Suyun Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine , Shanghai 200233 , P. R. China
| | - Xia Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 102218 , P. R. China
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Huang J, Zhang X, Liang C, Hu J. Impact of TiO 2 on the chemical and biological transformation of formulated chiral-metalaxyl in agricultural soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 348:67-74. [PMID: 29367134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of TiO2 on the chemical and biological transformation of racemic metalaxyl wettable powder (rac-metalaxyl WP) in agricultural soils, and soil microorganisms were investigated. Under simulated solar irradiation, TiO2 highly promoted the transformation of rac-metalaxyl WP without changing the enantiomer fraction, with the promotion amplitude (60-1280%) being dependent on TiO2 characteristics. TiO2 characteristics showed different influence on the transformation of rac-metalaxyl WP in soils and aqueous solutions because their characteristics changed differently in soils. The impact of the mancozeb and other co-constituents on the transformation of rac-metalaxyl WP was smaller in soil media than in aqueous solution. Autoclave sterilization changed soil properties and subsequently weakened the promotion effects of TiO2 on the chemical transformations of rac-metalaxyl WP to 0-233%. Microorganism biomass and bacterial community were not statistically significant changed by TiO2 exposure regardless of rac-metalaxyl WP, suggesting that the promotional effects occurred mainly through chemical processes. The results also showed TiO2-soil interactions may be strengthened with TiO2 (Degussa P25) aging time in soils, which decreased its promotion amplitude from 1060% (without aging) to 880% (aging for 20 days). Intermediate formed in soil biological transformation process was different from that in TiO2 photocatalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
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